【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读细节理解题解题指导（7页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读细节理解题解题指导（7页）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读细节理解题解题指导 细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解考查的重点题型之一，其分值所占比例高达50%，所以如何拿下这”半壁江山”显得尤为重要。‎ 细节理解题的命题陷阱 ‎　　细节理解题考查的是考生对语篇具体信息的理解与判断，按说这样的题不应该成为考生丢分的对象，但事实是，考生在解题时纷纷落入了命题人巧妙设计的”陷阱”中。　　‎ 陷阱1：部分信息原文再现 ‎　　干扰项中含有原文信息。如果把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，该选项看似正确，但实际上已经将原文内容进行了扩大或缩小，从而导致选项所表达的内容过于笼统、以偏概全或部分真实。解答此类题时要认真分析文章内容，准确把握文中提供的信息。‎ ‎　　【例】　(2015新课标全国卷ⅡA篇)My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn't fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed__off for the night. Fortunately, I didn't get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.‎ ‎　　21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?‎ ‎　　A. He got an older model than he had expected.‎ ‎　　B. He couldn't return it when it was broken.‎ ‎　　C. He could have bought it at a lower price.‎ ‎　　D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.‎ ‎　　【解析】　21.C　根据第一段中的”I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid”可知，作者第二天看广告时才得知自己多花了75美元，意识到自己被销售员骗了。故选C。A项中的”an older model”是对原文”a discontinued model”的内容进行了扩大，故A项错误。‎ 陷阱2：无中生有，空穴来风 ‎　　有些选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。此类题最容易出现于”三正一误”的试题中。解题时需阅读相关的段落，根据选项中的关键词在文中找到表述正确的选项，剩下一个原文中没有提到的，就是答案。‎ 解题技巧 一、根据文章体裁，选方法 ‎　　高考阅读理解所选用的材料包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。考生根据不同的体裁，掌握不同的解题方法，就能够快速而准确地找到答案。‎ ‎　　(一)记叙文 ‎　　1.寻找要素 记叙文包括when, where, who, what, why和how等要素，考生只有弄清事情的来龙去脉，才能理解整篇文章。‎ ‎　　2.理清顺序 记叙文一般分为顺叙和倒叙。顺叙就是按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述;而倒叙则是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再叙述故事的开始和经过。因此考生要从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节，而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。‎ ‎　　3.解题技巧 考生在阅读时要联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者着重描写的部分要重点关注。‎ ‎　　解答记叙文时考生应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中的主要内容。一般故事类要读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局;哲理故事类要理解文中蕴含的哲理;逸闻趣事类应体会其中的趣味性;人物传记类要关注人物的经历、主要事迹或贡献。‎ ‎　　(二)说明文 ‎　　说明文中作者都是为了说明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说的事物。因此，阅读说明文的关键是抓住事物的特点和本质特征。近年来科普说明文是高考的热点。‎ ‎　　(三)议论文 ‎　　议论文一般由提出论点、论证过程、得出结论三部分组成。此类文章的解题关键是抓论点，把握中心;了解文章的结构，判断信息间的逻辑关系，做出合理的推断。‎ ‎　　(四)应用文 ‎　　应用文包括广告、海报、说明书等，其目的是向读者传达信息。解答此类文章的题目采用寻读、跳读的方法更有效;省略词和省略句在应用文中会大量出现。对于影响语境理解的省略情况，应先将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解其意思。‎ 二、 抽丝剥茧，分析长难句 英语文章中，有时为了使表达准确、语言严谨，往往采用插入语、分隔结构、倒装结构、同位结构、省略结构、分词结构、it句型、并列句、主从复合句等，使句子很长且结构纷繁复杂，给阅读理解带来了很大的困难。然而，同学们不要慌张，对于这类句子应从句子的层次入手，先抓主句的主干，即：主、谓、宾，再理清其枝叶，即从句及其他修饰成分。‎ ‎　　【例1】　(2015新课标全国卷ⅠB篇)These were the real deal — and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn't be experiencing again for months.‎ ‎　　【解析】　破折号后面的句子对前句进行解释。破折号后为主从复合句。主句I realized 后跟that引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中含有that引导的定语从句修饰先行词things。‎ ‎　　【译文】　这些都是货真价实的瓜果蔬菜——就在那一刻，我意识到，萨拉索塔的冬天最美妙之处在于可以吃到新鲜的瓜果蔬菜，而我一旦回到纽约的家中，连续几个月都无法品尝到这些瓜果蔬菜。‎ ‎　　【例2】　(2015新课标全国卷ⅡB篇)Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious (难为情) when they're in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food.‎ ‎　　【解析】　这是一个主从复合句。for为并列连词，表示原因，when在句中引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎　　【译文】　昏暗的环境更有可能刺激人们暴饮暴食，因为在这种光线暗淡的情况下人们往往会不那么难为情，所以就更有可能吃大量的食物。　　‎ 三、根据题干，获取信息点 ‎　　命题人会根据文章中的重要信息命题，因此我们可以根据题干中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案。应用文类文章多采用题干定位法。‎ ‎　　【例】　(2014新课标全国卷ⅠD篇)‎ ‎　　...‎ ‎　　In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations — UNESCO and National Geographic among them — have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.‎ ‎　　Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that__tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.‎ ‎　　...‎ ‎　　32.Many scholars are making efforts to ______.‎ ‎　　A. promote global languages ‎　　B. rescue disappearing languages ‎　　C. search for language communities ‎　　D. set up language research organizations ‎　　34.What is Turin's book based on?‎ ‎　　A. The cultural studies in India.‎ ‎　　B. The documents available at Yale.‎ ‎　　C. His language research in Bhutan.‎ ‎　　D. His personal experience in Nepal.‎ ‎　　【解析】　32.B　根据题干中的efforts一词，我们可以找到相关信息在原文的位置，即”In an effort to prevent language loss”。其中的”to prevent language loss”说明学者们努力的目标是”阻止语言消失”，即”拯救那些正在消亡的语言”，故选B。‎ ‎　　34.D　根据题干中的book一词，我们可以找到相关信息在原文的位置，即”His recently published book”。based on是grows out of 的间接表达，故Turin的书源自他在尼泊尔的一个村庄生活、工作及养家的个人经历，所以选D。‎ 四、词义转换，找信息 ‎　　阅读理解的题干中往往用同义词、近义词替换文中的词汇、短语，因此平时多掌握一些同义词、近义词，对提高考生做题的正确率大有帮助。‎ ‎　　【例】　(2015新课标全国卷ⅠB篇)...for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where — luckily for me — I was planning to have dinner  that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I'd be ordering every tomato on it.‎ ‎　　27.What was the author going to do that evening?‎ ‎　　A. Go to a farm.‎ ‎　　B. Check into a hotel.‎ ‎　　C. Eat in a restaurant.‎ ‎　　D. Buy fresh vegetables.‎ ‎　　【解析】 　27.C　根据 ”Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where — luckily for me — I was planning to have dinner that very night”可知，作者当天晚上会去饭店就餐，故选C。题干中用的是that evening，而文中是that very night，属于同义词。‎ ‎　　考生了解了以上命题陷阱和解题技巧后，攻下阅读理解的”半壁江山”将会易如反掌。‎