2010全国高考英语卷 试题讲解

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2010全国高考英语卷 试题讲解

‎2010全国高考英语卷II(不含听力)试题讲解 ‎ 就试卷整体而言,2010年全国卷II英语试卷(不含听力卷)难易度适中,难、中、易试题比例恰当且呈现梯度科学搭配,有利于学生发挥和高校选拔人才。试卷题型与难易度与往年与2009年全国卷II保持一致。考点热点以及语言技能要求等和往年比较,也大致相同。保持稳定略微容易一些。本文就试卷各部分考点设计的点与面解读,呈现如下:‎ ‎ 一、语音知识试题设计特色 ‎ 1、 原题呈现:‎ ‎ 1. come A. cold B. cock C. comfort D. improve ‎ 2. dead A. eager B. great C. least D. health ‎ ‎ 3. united A. use B. ugly C. upstairs D. put ‎ 4. ours A. outside B. cousins C. nervous D. clocks ‎ 5. thirsty A. theatre B. thus C. although D. feather ‎ 2、试题答案呈现:1. C,2. D,3. A 4. B,5. A ‎ 3、试题解析 ‎ 本试题难度非常小,高频使用的词与读音区分度大,容易识别。这为考生开卷吃了定心丸。本题几乎没有选择生僻词,平时基础中等或者以上且稍微细心的考生拿下该题满分应该不成问题。‎ ‎4、设计特色:‎ ‎ 设计原则一:‎ 元音字母2个小题(o, u)、元音字母组合一个(ea)、辅音字母一个(s)、辅音字母组合一个(th)。纵观语音试题几年的设计原则,均按照这样的思路设计。教师指导高三复习时,要注意这一个设计思路。‎ ‎ 语音试题设计总规律破解:‎ 破解1:五个小题设计分布规律依照元音字母一个小题;辅音字母一个,元音字母组合一个,辅音字母组合一个,元辅音字母组合一个,共计五个小题的原则。更多破解请关注《破解高考英语试题设计之秘》一书。‎ 破解2:‎ 高频现词。从几年来的试卷分析,语音试题每个小题所选词汇均是日常使用频率较高的词。‎ 二、语法和词汇知识试题特点及设计规律 ‎1、原题呈现:‎ ‎(保留原题号)6. ---Is it all right if I keep this photo? ---_____________.‎ ‎ A. No, you don’t B. No, it shouldn’t C. I’m afraid not D. Don’t keep it ‎6).答案选C。考查交际用语。前句问:如果我要这张照片,行吗?本语境逻辑回答:恐怕不行呢。故而选I’m afraid not.‎ ‎ 7. Tom was about to close the window_______his attention was caught by a bird.‎ ‎ A. when B. if C. and D. till ‎7).答案选A。考查be about to do sth…..when….句子结构。意思是“立马要做何事之时恰巧发生…..”‎ ‎ 8. My mother opened the drawer to ________the knives and spoons.‎ ‎ A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together ‎8).答案选A。考查put构成的短语区别。Put away收拾好…;put up张贴; put on穿上;put together放一起,收拢来。根据本句逻辑意思判断,选择put away。‎ ‎9. Barbara is easy to recognize as she ‘s the only one of the women who _______evening dress.‎ A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn ‎9). 答案选B。考查定语从句谓语。本句注意解题关键点:the only one of…who引起的定语从句谓语此刻与the only one保持性数一致。句子意思是“Barbara 极易被辨别出来,因为她是唯一一位穿晚礼服的女人之一。”由前面一般现在时态可以辨别,属于表一般概念。故而不选完成时。‎ ‎10. ---Have you finished the book?‎ ‎---No, I’ve read up to ________the children discover the secret cave.‎ A. which B. what C. that D. where ‎10).答案选D。考查状语从句引导词。Where引导地点状语从句。本句意思是:“你读完这本书了吗?”“没有,我读到了(描写)小孩子们发现那个秘密洞穴的情节那儿。”‎ ‎11. Though _______to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.‎ ‎ A. surprising B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised ‎11).答案选C。考查非谓语(省略形式)。解题技巧:本句状语部分还原:Though he was surprised to see us,…”根据原理:状语从句主语与主句主语相同,谓语含有be 动词,则可以省掉从句主语和be动词。‎ ‎12. Neither side is prepared to talk to ________ unless we can smooth things over between them.‎ A. others B. the other C. another D. one other ‎12).答案选B。考查代词other/another/others辨析。由Neither side可以判定属于单数,不能选A。又由between可以推知是两者的另一边。特指而且单数。‎ ‎13. The island is ________attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.‎ A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally ‎13).答案选D。考查副词区别。本题分析的切入点:both seasons,说明属于两季节中的岛屿风光都一样的吸引人。根据该逻辑,可以排除不符选项。Partly部分地;merely仅仅,不过是;nearly几乎。‎ ‎14. The doctor thought ______would be good for you to have a holiday.‎ A. this B. that C. one D. it ‎ ‎14). 答案选D。考查it代词作形式主语。本句的从句中的形式主语是it,而to have a holiday 是真正的从句主语。‎ ‎15. Linda, make sure that tables ______before the guests arrive.‎ A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting ‎15)。答案选C。考查被动语态。在that引起的宾语从句中,tables作主语,可以判断谓语属被动语态。故而可以排除其它项。‎ ‎16. I refuse to accept the blame for something ______was someone else’s fault.‎ A. who B. that C. as D. what ‎16).答案选B。考查定语从句引导词。复合不定代词作先行词,定从句引导词用that。本句意思是“我拒绝接受因某事受到的谴责---该事其实是另外人犯的失误”。‎ ‎17. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________see you now. He’s busy.‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎17).答案选A。考查情态动词用法。can 表推测,用于否定句中,由must“表推测”其否定形式为can’t。情态动词的考题一定要从功能用法着手解决。‎ ‎18. ---Can I help you? Are you looking for anything in particular today?‎ ‎ ---_____________. We are just looking.‎ A. yes ,please B. No, thank you C. yes, you can D. No, you needn’t ‎ 18).答案选B. 考查交际用语。根据前后句的语境逻辑推理,可以看出后者不需帮助。故而明确回答No,并表示感谢。‎ ‎19. Excuse me, I __________I was blocking your way.‎ A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing ‎19).答案选A。考查时态。由was blocking (当初,过去),可以推知,我那片刻没有意识到我挡道了。‎ ‎20. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _______.‎ A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular ‎20).答案选B。考查结构否定词+比较级=最高级含义。本句子意思为“Mr. Black 太开心啦,因为他的工厂里生产出来的衣服以往从来没有这么流行过。”‎ ‎2. 语法选择题解题技巧 一般而言,高考试卷的语法试题设计严谨,逻辑性强。在题干里可以运用各种方法找到切入点。注意关键词的抓取也是一个重要的解题策略。比如 17. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________see you now. He’s busy.‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 可以看出,he ‘s busy是本句的突破点。‎ ‎3. 破解设计规律:‎ 纵观近十年的高考全国卷,我们可以体会出:一套试卷如果没有考查到交际用语、动词短语、时态、情态动词、非谓语以及从句等语法知识时,那么,这种固定的模式也可以看作是样板,试题设计者尽量兼顾到这样的语言点构成。本套题基本涵盖了这些考点:‎ 交际用语考点:‎ 比如本卷的第6小题:---Is it all right if I keep this photo? ---_____________. A. No, you don’t B. No, it shouldn’t C. I’m afraid not D. Don’t keep it 第18小题:---Can I help you? Are you looking for anything in particular today?‎ ‎ ---_____________. We are just looking.‎ A. yes ,please B. No, thank you C. yes, you can D. No, you needn’t 动词短语考点:‎ 比如第8小题:My mother opened the drawer to ________the knives and spoons.‎ ‎ A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together 时态考点:‎ 比如第19题:Excuse me, I __________I was blocking your way.‎ A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing 情态动词考点:‎ 比如第17题: I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________see you now. He’s busy.‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 从句考点:‎ 比如第10小题 ---Have you finished the book?‎ ‎---No, I’ve read up to ________the children discover the secret cave.‎ A. which B. what C. that D. where 以及第16小题 I refuse to accept the blame for something ______was someone else’s fault.‎ A. who B. that C. as D. what 因此,教师在组织复习时,对于这样一些热点考点,应该重点透析,给予学生清晰的复习思路。同时,试卷设计者与机构,也应该专研高考试题命题规律,不要盲目和不着边界的乱编写题目,那样的话,既浪费师生宝贵的复习时间,也浪费有效的资源。‎ 三、完形填空试题设计特色与规律 ‎1、设计规律破解 破解1:纵观近十年来的完形与横向比较各省地区的完形填空试题,全国高考英语试卷中,都精心选取了富有思想性和教育意义的材料作为完形填空试题。‎ 破解2:优秀的材料展现给考生不仅仅是它的语言基本能力比如语法、结构、语言逻辑推理及技巧的测试,更注重了思想寓意的渗透。‎ 破解3:由叙述生活琐事预示人生哲理与人性 今年在选材上,同样选取了生活之中一件看似极其普通的琐事来阐述一个道理即文章开篇第一句(主旨句)一个熟悉如何写私人信件的人能具备一种极其有力的工具。(A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool)。并讲述他生活中的一件细节琐事来阐明这个道理。‎ 试题呈现:‎ A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool。A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart(远离的);it can keep a 22 with very little effort.‎ I will give 23 . A few years ago my older brother and I were not getting ‎ ‎24 .We had been close as 25 but had grown apart. Our meeting were not 26 . our conversation was filled with arguments and quarrels; and every effort to clear the air seemed to only 27 our misunderstanding. Then he 28 a small island in the Caribbean and we 29 touch. One day he wrote me a letter. He described his island and its people, told me what he was doing,said how he felt, and encouraged me to 30 . Rereading the letter, I was 31 by its humor(幽默) and clever expressions. These were all qualities for which I had respected my older brother but 33 he no longer had them. I had never known he could write so 34 . And with that one letter we became friends 35 .‎ It might never have occurred to 36 to write me if he had not been in a place where there were no 37 . For him, writing was a necessity. It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch. Because we live in an age of 38 commnuication(通讯),people often 39 that they don’t always have to phone or email. They have a 40 . And that is to write.‎ ‎21. A. received B. rewritten C. returned D. reread (答案D)‎ ‎22. A.record B. promise C. friendship D. secret (答案C)‎ ‎23. A. an example B. a lesson C. an experience D. a talk(答案A)‎ ‎24. A though B. together C. along D. away(答案C)‎ ‎25. A. brothers B. children C. fellows D. classmates(答案B)‎ ‎26. A. normal B. necessary C. pleasant D. possible(答案C)‎ ‎27. A. deepen B. start C. express D. settle(答案A)‎ ‎28. A. toured B. stopped over C. reached D. moved to(答案D)‎ ‎29. A. lost B. kept in C. needed D. got(答案A)‎ ‎30. A. think B. write C. enjoy D. read(答案B)‎ ‎31. A. driven B. beaten C. surprised D. honored(答案C)‎ ‎32. A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. once(答案D)‎ ‎33. A. realized B. judged C. thought D. expected(答案C)‎ ‎34. A. well B. often C. much D. soon(答案A)‎ ‎35. A. later B. anyhow C. too D. again(答案D)‎ ‎36. A. us B. anyone else C. someone D. my brother(答案D)‎ ‎37. A. mail services B. transport services C. phones D. relatives(答案C)‎ ‎38. A. poor B. easy C. popular D. busy(答案B)‎ ‎39. A. believe B. decide C. argue D. forget(答案D)‎ ‎40. habit B. choice C. method D. plan(答案B)‎ 试题设计特色分析:‎ ‎1、选材:‎ 生活化,平凡琐事体现真情的富有意义的短文。力求英美国家地道语言的体现。富有教育意义。‎ ‎2、语言能力考查 语言实际运用能力,逻辑推理和理解技巧。注重篇章整体逻辑推理能力的考查。同时兼顾语言基本能力比如用词区别、语法结构、时态推理等 ‎3、设计特征 根据上下文逻辑推理选项占89%以上,语法结构所占比例较小。‎ ‎4、解题关键 对全文基本理解与结合空前后一两句子一般能解决选项。还有常识的技能与语法判断能力的综合。不过也有极少数选项需要跨越一两段才能解决。‎ 四、阅读理解试题分析 A篇试题呈现:‎ 试题分析 从本卷来看,5篇短文兼顾的体裁与题材有:‎ A篇属于叙事体,描述的是生活中的小事:6岁时,老爸买来一只宠物狗Brownie。狗的灵性与爱心赢得了所有人包括邻居的喜欢的故事。可以看出来,其实每年的试题布局都有一个最大特点,那就是完形试题短文与A篇阅读材料均描写生活琐事,但是往往这样平凡得不起眼的平凡生活事件往往又能给人更多的品味。其实生活就是这样的平凡,有时候,细细品味又其乐无穷。A篇的难度不大,但是也要注意个别词的词性转换比如第三行“playing catch” 作传球[接球]‎ 的游戏;比如第三段第二行“…she would let anyone pet her”中的pet一词则是动词意义:把人(或物)当宝贝似的钟爱;宠爱;溺爱、抚摸等。但是,程度好点的考生一般能理解意思,对阅读不构成阻碍。五个问题都可以直接在文章中找到答案。考生得分率偏高。41题答案B.keep them company,可以在原文第一段最后一行and just be with them.得出;42题答案B.felt sorry for her mistake在第二段最后两行描述Brownie的神色:she looked down at the ground and then went and hid.I saw a tear in her eyes.推断得出。43题答案C.she was loved by everybody she met.在第三段第二行推理出。44题答案A.smile在第三段倒数第二行推理出。45题答案D.caring(体贴人的)可以综合全文对她的描述推理。‎ B篇阅读呈现:‎ 试题分析 B 篇人物描述,选取于Jarolin的生活、度假以及工作的描述。考生阅读该篇材料时,主要由于英文书名,地名人名相对多造成了材料理解上的障碍。但是问题设置又相对较为明显。比如46题答案B,尽管地名多而含混,但是不难在倒数第三段最后一行明显得到。47题答案B也同样很明显在最后一段第一行就有原答案。48题答案A推理有点难度,但纵观整篇文章基调均体现出她在职业上的成功。49题也要综合来推理以及利用逐项排除的方法获得答案。总体来看,本题材料难度大,但是试题设置相对容易一些,这种设置也同样在其它年份的高考试题中体现。‎ C篇试题呈现:‎ 试题分析 C 篇聚焦于北京新的娱乐方式以及它产生后所形成的一些问题阐述---滑雪作阐述。牵涉到国内的信息,考生相应会容易理解一些。50题答案Bskiing as a new way of enjoying one’s spare time.需要在全篇理解的基础上得出。51题答案D. For better services and equipment.属于细节理解题,很直接能够在倒数第三段最后一行直接看出答案。该题难度不大。52题答案C.business of providing spare time enjoyments.如果词汇量稍微大的同学,很容易理解leisure的含义“悠闲”。 53题答案C. price wars with other ski restort.这道问题属于细节理解题,比较直接地在最后一段的倒数第三行…and price wars break out. 得出。‎ D篇试题呈现:‎ 试题分析 D篇属于广告题材---几家旅馆推出的服务广告。多数广告题材与表格式阅读材料可以借助于关键词技巧找到答案。54题答案A.在第一个旅馆广告第一句就点明了该旅馆推出的特色服务:旅客可以在树上建的房子睡觉。55题答案A. $111,该题答案需要注意迷惑性有点大,因为文章中牵涉到几个价格数据,需要注意。而我们应该在at least字样上找答案。答案在最后一家旅馆广告的句子中: prices: starting at just $91 a night and an additionnal person for only 20 extra dollars. 56题答案D,基于试题问题的关键“a hotle under the sea”该网站地址在最后一行可以得出。57题为细节题较为容易推理出答案C. the Ice Hotel.‎ E 篇试题呈现:‎ 试题分析:‎ E篇聚焦于话题---文字的形成和其推理论证。这篇文章材料不难理解,问题设计迷惑度也不大。58题答案D可以直接在第一段第二行得出。属于细节理解题。59题属于归纳题,答案C。60题答案A。比较容易得出。‎ 就五篇文章搭配的难易度来看,今年的阅读试题难度值偏小,试题呈现梯度搭配。利于学生的发挥。‎ ‎2、设计思路破解 破解1: 阅读题总是在设计方面兼顾词义推理、细节理解、文章意图、段落思想以及各种日常生活遇到的题材与体裁比如科普、生活道理、人物介绍、广告宣传以及热点争议话题等。而很多选材均来源于网站或者外文材料(英美国家地道语言)。‎ 破解2:同时,高考阅读试题也兼顾到一次思想的教育,故而,思想性也是试题设计人要注意到的。‎ 破解3:有争议的政治问题和社会不成熟的问题等等。但是,我们很多试题开发机构,生硬拼凑与高考不靠谱的试卷售卖师生,这是不正确的做法。更多具体的试题设计破解请关注《破解高考英语试题设计之秘》一书。‎ 五、补全对话试题特色 今年的补全对话情景交际试题比较容易,考生在判定逻辑句子上多数不会有障碍。是一道容易得分的试题。该题答案:61答案F: you’re going to school rather early today;62.答案G:so you want to get to the classroom earlier to make somen preparation? 63.答案E:Do you have the key to the classroom? 64答案 D:maybe you put it in your schoolbag. 65.答案C:what is that around your neck?‎ 本题整体语境逻辑感较强,考生处理语境应答方面失分不多。保证满分还是比较容易,但是一定要细心判断。‎ 六、单词拼写试题设计特点 ‎1、试题分析 今年的该试题中小题难度难度小的是66题:December; 67题:reminded; 69题:favorite; 73题:dangerous; 75题:mediccal。难度中等,考生会有失误的是68题:fortnight; 72题:fierce; 74题: assistant;难度最大和失分最多的应该是71题:buckets水桶。‎ 该试题设计难易度呈现梯度,利于选拔。‎ ‎2、设计规律破解 破解1:常用高频率使用的词占试题比率大,一般保证75%以上;‎ 破解2:句子语法与拼写同步出现,这就变单纯写词到整体语法一致;‎ 七、短文改错 ‎1、试题及答案呈现:‎ ‎2、试题分析 ‎ 难度适中,符合考生发挥,容易判别的有76题friends; 77题spent; 78题thanks;80题 a;85题seeing;而考生会有大障碍的判断是81题去掉off;‎ ‎3、设计规律破解 破解1:选材往往是生活小事描述、日记、习作等。‎ 破解2:语法与逻辑兼顾是设计的总原则。‎ 破解3:逻辑优先原则。‎ 八、书面表达 ‎1、试题呈现与分析:‎ ‎ 今年全国卷II的英语作文从难度及要求上来说,保持与上年同卷相近。属于书信写作。选材内容上,要求写一封招聘外教的具体要求。其中,给出了具体招聘的注意事项。字数要求与往年不变。来看具体的试题:‎ ‎ 假如你是李华,你的美国笔友Peter 曾表示希望来中国教书,你校现需招聘外教,请给他写封信,告知招聘信息。内容主要包括:‎ ‎ 1、教授课程:英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英国等。‎ ‎ 2、授课对象:高中生(至少三年英语基础)‎ ‎ 3、工作量:‎ ‎ -----每周12学时,任选三门课 ‎ -----担任学生英语俱乐部或英语校报顾问(advisor)‎ 注意:‎ ‎ 1、词数100左右;‎ ‎ 2、可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;‎ ‎ 3、开头语已经为你写好,请将完整的回信书写在答题卡上。‎ ‎ 2、应对策略:‎ 根据试题所设定的要求,我们可以看出,本信涉及的生僻词不多,根据线索和信函要求,学生容易组织材料。适当的延展个别细节再加上所给的提示,考生注意写清楚以下几点:1.招聘之事,2. 教授课程,3. 授课对象,4. 工作量,5. 恰当的结尾,就能较好的发挥出来。当然在书写上,要干净整洁的卷面与字数要求,一般能达到较高的分数。来看具体的作文参考范文:‎ Dear Peter,‎ ‎ I remember you told me you were interested in teaching in China. Our school now is looking for a native-speaker to teach somen courses to senior high students. If you come, you can choose three of the following four courses: Speaking, writing, Britain Today and America Today, and teach 12 hours a week. The students who are going to take these courses have at least three years of English learning experience. Besides teaching, you will also work as an advisor to our students’s English club or our school’s English newspaper.‎ ‎ Please let me know if you are interested and if you have any other questions, I’d be ‎ more than happy to help.‎ ‎ 3、高分作文破解:‎ 凭借笔者作为几年来参加国家高考改卷的教师的改卷经验,特别提醒考生的是,高分作文需要满足的条件:1、字数不要太多也不要太少(90—110是允许的波动范围,不含标点。)2、书写要标准流畅行文美观无涂污。3.语法、用词及上下文均要得体和丰富。4、标点符号的正确使用不可以忽略。5、根据高考评卷经验,25分以上的高分作文达到的要求:1)覆盖所有写作要点;2)应用丰富的语法和词汇;3)句子之间结构使用得体有效,结构和逻辑紧凑;完全达到写作目的。‎ ‎(写作时间:‎2010-6-9‎)‎
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