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【英语】2019届二轮复习语法复习专题六动词时态和语态(15页word版)
2019届二轮复习语法复习专题六动词时态和语态 动词的时态和语态已成为高考语法填空和短文改错的必考内容。主要有以下特点: 1.时态的考查以“情景立意”为主,主要考查考生在具体的语境下运用各种时态的能力。 2.时态的考查以现在时和过去时为主,语态的考查主要集中在一般过去时的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态或者是被动语态中过去分词的误用上。因此考生必须能够正确拼写动词的过去式和过去分词。 3.语法填空和短文改错对动词时态、语态的考查不是孤立的,它必须和主谓一致联系在一起,因此考生做题时一定要弄清主语。 解答时态、语态题时具体应做到:1.联系上下文确定时态和语态;2.根据时间状语确定时态;3.注意一些固定句式中的时态和语态。 动词的时态 在英语中,句子不仅有时间状语说明动作发生的时间,其谓语动词本身也有形式的变化来指示时间。这种表明动作发生时间的动词形式称为时态。 1.一般现在时 (1)表示习惯性、经常性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语often,always,frequently,occasionally等连用; (2)表示客观真理、客观存在及自然现象; (3)表示按时间表安排好的事情或要发生的动作,一般与具体的时刻连用; (4)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句改错 1.Pollution is a serious problem,which ________(call) for our great concern. 解析:calls 句意:污染是一个严峻的问题,这需要引起我们的关注。此处为非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整个句子,谓语动词用单数形式。此外,这里讲的是事实,因此应该用一般现在时。 2.Hurry up!The train ________(leave) at 9:30.There are only 30 minutes left. 解析:leaves 句意:快点!火车9:30就开了。只剩下半个小时了。主语为“The train”,谓语动词用第三人称单数。按时间表安排好的事情或要发生的动作,要用一般现在时。 3.When you will wake up tomorrow,you will be a little better. 解析:去掉第一个will 句意:当你明天醒来时,你会好一些的。在时间状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,因此去掉第一个will。 2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,与现在没有联系; (2)表示过去的习惯性动作; (3)在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作; (4)常用在since从句中。如: They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. 他们说如果听到任何关于他的消息,就通知我们。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句改错 4.I got a place next to the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike ________ (catch) my attention. 解析:caught 句意:我坐在窗户旁边,因此可以很好地看到人行道。骑自行车的一个男孩吸引了我的注意力。根据前面的动词got来判断,此句应该用一般过去时。 5.It has been over three years since they get in touch with each other. 解析:get→got 句意:他们取得联系已经三年多了。在since从句中常用过去时,因此把get改为got。 3.现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行且尚未完成的动作或存在的状态; (2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情(此时此刻动作不一定正在进行),常与these days,this week/month等时间状语连用; (3)常与always,constantly,forever等连用,表示说话者的一种感情色彩,如赞许、责备、不满等; (4)少数动词come,go,leave,fly,begin等的现在进行时可以表示将来的动作。如: They are working on a new robot these days. 他们最近正在研究一款新的机器人。 She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 她明天要去北京。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 6.My husband ________ (play) computers while my son is watching TV. 解析:is playing 句意:我丈夫正在打游戏而我的儿子正在看电视。根据“while my son is watching TV”可知此处应用现在进行时。又因为主语为“My husband”,所以谓语用第三人称单数。 4.过去进行时 (1)表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或某一段时间内一直在进行的动作; (2)某些动词come,go,plan,expect,look forward to等的过去进行时有时表示过去将要发生的动作。如: He went to see Miss Green.She was leaving early the next morning. 他去看望格林小姐了。她第二天一早要离开。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 7.I was on my way home after shopping and saw a small dog running across the very busy street my car ________ (travel) on. 解析:was travelling 句意:购物回家的路上,我看见一只小狗穿过我的车行驶的非常繁忙的街道。此处强调我正在开车,而小狗正在穿过街道,故应该用过去进行时。又因为主语为my car,所以谓语用第三人称单数。 8.He must have sensed that I ________ (look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?” 解析:was looking 此处表示他一定感觉到我正看着他。他突然朝我看了一眼,然后轻声问道:“你为什么要那样盯着我看?”根据语境分析此处应该用进行时,又根据句中的“must have sensed”和“glanced at”可知用过去进行时。又因为主语为I,所以谓语用第一人称单数。 5.现在完成时 (1)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在产生的影响或结果,着眼点在现在; (2)用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作; (3)常用于一些固定句式中:This/That/It is the first/second/third...time that sb. have done sth.; (4)常与since从句以及时间状语so far,up to now,recently,in/during the past... years等 连用。如: We’ll start at 5 pm if it has stopped raining by then. 如果下午5点雨停了,我们将在那时出发。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是我们一家人第一次在电影院看电影。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句改错 9.So far,research ________ (show) that people who forgive others can have more energy,better appetite and better sleep. 解析:has shown 句意:到目前为止,研究表明原谅他人的人精力更充沛,吃得更香,睡得更好。根据时间状语“So far”来判断,此句应该用现在完成时。又因为主语为research,所以谓语用第三人称单数。 10.In the past two and a half years,our school had organized many activities. 解析:had→has 句意:在过去的两年半时间里,我们学校组织了很多活动。根据时间状语“In the past two and a half years”可知,此句应该用现在完成时。 6.过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”,句中常用“by the end of+过去某一时间”或before,when等引导的时间状语; (2)用在时间状语从句、原因状语从句或者宾语从句中,表示动作发生的时间早于主句的动作; (3)hope,intend,plan,think等词的过去完成时表示未曾实现的愿望、意图、承诺、打算等,含有某种惋惜的感情色彩; (4)用于特殊的句式“no sooner+had done...than+did...”,“hardly/scarcely+had done...when+did...”和“It/This/That was the first time that sb.had done sth”中,且当no sooner,hardly和scarcely置于句首时,要用倒装语序。如: We had learned 3,000 words by the end of last term. 到上学期末我们已经学了3 000个单词。 Hardly had I opened the door when a robot appeared in front of me. 我一打开门就发现一个机器人出现在我面前。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句改错 11.By the time Jack returned home from England,his son ________ (graduate) from college. 解析:had graduated 根据句中的“By the time Jack returned home from England”来判断,主句应该用过去完成时。 12.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really.She ________ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 解析:had given ——你们找到安娜家困难吗?——不怎么难。她告诉了我们很清晰的方位,并且我们很容易就找到了。根据题干可知,安娜“给我们很清晰的方位”发生在“我们找到她家之前”。因此,发生在过去动作之前的动作要用过去完成时。 13.That was the third time that I have visited the Summer Palace. 解析:have→had 句意:那是我第三次参观颐和园。在固定句式“It/This/That was the third time that sb. had done sth.”中,从句应该用过去完成时。 7.一般将来时 (1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 (2)表示将来的几种结构的用法区别: ①will/shall do表示将来要做某事,暗含偶然性,临时起意要做某事;②be going to do sth.表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事,或表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事;③be doing表示安排好要做的事,很少变更,这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词。如:leave,come,go,start,stay,take等;④be to do表示预先安排好的计划,这种动作通常是为人们意志所能控制的;⑤be about to do表示“正要做某事,即将要做某事”,不可与表示具体的将来时间连用,但可以与when连接的并列句连用。如: When are you going to get married? 你打算什么时候结婚? You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock. 你10点交论文。 14.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right.I ________ (call) him later. 解析:will call 句意:——Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的,我待会儿再打给他。由later可知,此处表示将来要执行的动作,故用一般将来时。 8.过去将来时 (1)表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,该时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中,由“should/would+动词原形”构成; (2)可以用was/were going to do,was/were doing,was/were to do,was/were about to do 表示。如: They were going to have a class meeting. 他们曾经打算开个班会。 I was about to leave when a friend dropped in. 我刚要离开,这时有一位朋友来访。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 15.He promised that he ________(come),but he hasn’t arrived until now. 解析:would come 句意:他答应会回来的,可现在还没到。根据句中的promised可知,此处应用过去将来时。 16.At college,Barack Obama didn’t know that he ________ (become) the first black president of the United States of America. 解析:was to become 句意:在大学的时候,巴拉克·奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事,还可以表示注定会做某事。 动词的语态 英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示句子的主语是动作的发出者。被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象。一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。 一.常见时态的被动语态及其结构(将来进行时和现在完成进行时没有被动语态) 1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are done;一般过去时的被动语态:was/were done。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 17.One day,a rich old man ________ (invite)to dinner by his friend. 解析:was invited 句意:有一天,一位很有钱的老人被他的朋友请去吃饭。“a rich old man”与invite之间为动宾关系,且根据句中的“One day”可知,此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态。又因为主语为“a rich old man”,所以谓语用第三人称单数。 18.This will help a lot if your passport ________ (steal). 解析:is stolen 句意:如果你的护照被偷了,这个将会有很大的帮助。if条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,又因为passport与steal为动宾关系,因此用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为“your passport”,谓语用第三人称单数。 2.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are being done;过去进行时的被动语态:was/were being done。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句改错 19.My house ________ (paint) so we live with our parents now. 解析:is being painted 句意:我们现在和父母一起住,因为我们的房子正在粉刷。由句中的时间状语now以及My house与paint之间为动宾关系可知,此处应填is being painted。 20.When I arrived there,I found a blue whale was attacked by five killer whales. 解析:在was后加being 句意:当我到那里的时候,我发现一头蓝鲸正在被五头虎鲸攻击。根据句意可知,我到达的时候蓝鲸正在被攻击,因此应该用过去进行时的被动语态。 3.现在完成时的被动语态:has/have been done;过去完成时的被动语态:had been done。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句改错 21.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement ________ (reach) so far by the two sides. 解析:has been reached 句意:尽管之前经过多轮谈判,但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语“so far”(到目前为止)可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为动宾关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为agreement,谓语用第三人称单数。 22.The skill had referred to at the meeting many times before it was put into practice. 解析:在had后加been 句意:这项技术在被运用到实践之前已经在会议上多次被提及过了。根据句意可知,skill与refer to之间存在动宾关系。故此处应用被动语态。 4.一般将来时的被动语态:will/shall be done;过去将来时的被动语态:would/should be done。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句改错 23.—What do you think of store shopping in the future? —Personally,it will exist along with online shopping but will never ________ (replace). 解析:be replaced 此处it指代store shopping,it与replace之间存在动宾关系,故应用被动语态。此处表示我认为实体店购物和网上购物会并存,但不会被取代。 24.Tom said he would bring the information tomorrow morning.I never thought it will be brought to me so early. 解析:will→would 句意:汤姆说明天早上会把消息带给我,我从未想到他那么早就会把消息带给我。根据句意以及主句谓语动词thought可以判断,此处为过去将来时的被动语态,故应该把will变成would。 [特别提醒] 二.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+过去分词。如: In this sense,bad things can be turned into good things. 从这一点上讲,坏事也可以变成好事。 三.主动形式表示被动意义的几种用法 1.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词有cut,sell,read,write,cook,lock,wash,keep等。如: This knife cuts well. 这把刀好切。 Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather. 肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。 The cloth washes well. 这种布好洗。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句改错 25.Have you bought the book that ________ (sell) well these days?I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 解析:sells 句意:你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗?我认为它非常适合我们青少年。结合sell的用法可知此处应用主动语态,又因为此处描述的是现阶段的情况,故用一般现在时。 2.一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动词(短语)有look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。如: The flower smells wonderful. 这朵花闻起来很香。 The news proved/turned out true. 这则新闻证实是真的。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 26.The water ________ (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 解析:felt 句意:当我跳进水里晨练时,水很凉。根据jumped来判断应该用一般过去时,且feel表示“摸起来,感到,体会到”时用主动形式表示被动意义。 动词的时态和语态试题千变万化,有各种各样的考查形式,即会从多种角度来考查。无论试题如何变化,时态和语态的基本用法是根本。在掌握动词时态时,重点要抓住含义、句型和标志状语这三要素,熟记不规则动词的过去式和过去分词,熟记被动语态的各种结构。做题时,可结合标志性状语、具体语境等来研究题干,留意是否需要倒装,是否需要使用被动,是否和其他考点相融合,等等。尽可能搜索出更多的时态和语态的相关信息,找准答题的切入点和突破口。 解答动词的时态和语态试题的技巧: 一.牢记各种时态的句型、标志语,易混时态之间的区别 二.关注时态标示语 所谓时态标示语就是指某些词(often,already,yet,today,yesterday,tomorrow等)、某些词组(at this moment,so far,ever since,up till now,by...等)、某些搭配(hardly... when...,no sooner...than...等)和某些句型(It is the first time that...,It is...since...,it was/will be...before...,时间、条件、让步状语从句等)都与某一种较为固定的时态的连用,有意关注题干中的这些词可以更加准确地解决这类题目。 三.关注时态的对比运用 如果题干中没有时态标示语,而有两个或两个以上谓语动词,这时我们应该将两个动词的时态加以比较,依据其中的关系确定正确的时态。 四.上述技巧的综合运用 有时单靠某一种技巧是不能确定正确答案的,这就要求各种技巧的综合的运用。对题干全面、细致的分析是解决这类题目的关键。 五.语境特征、动词特性和相关时态的对比分析 (一)语境特征是指根据题目所设置的语境,结合自己的生活体验对题目加以分析,最后确定正确答案。 (二)动词特性这里主要是指动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,是终止性动词还是延续性动词,以及某些动词的特殊用法,这直接关系到问题的答案。 (三)相关时态的对比分析是指在特定语境中的相似时态的辨析和运用,或某些时态的特定含义。 单句语法填空/单句改错 1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later,engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube. 解析:managed 本句从句是一般过去时,所以这里应用一般过去时,故填managed。 2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically,but also mentally in the past few years. 解析:had→have in the past few years是现在完成时的标志性短语。 3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something. 解析:are removed 分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,本句意为“当油和盐从食物中移除后,食物便尝起来好像少了什么似的”,主句是一般现在时,且fat and salt为两种物品,故此处应填一般现在时的被动语态are removed。 4.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took,I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club. 解析:took→taken 根据句意可知此处是被动语态。 5.(2017·天津卷)I ________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 解析:was driving 句意:当我开车去伦敦的时候,我突然发现我走错了路。本题考查的是固定结构:be doing...when...“一件事情正在发生,另一件事情也突然发生了”。 6.(2017·江苏卷)He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he ________ (follow). 解析:was being followed 考查动词的时态语态。句意:他匆匆赶回家,都没回头看看是否有人在跟踪他。此处强调的是过去正在发生的动作,故用过去进行时的被动语态。 7.(2017·天津卷)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,________ (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise. 解析:is regarded 句意:现在,骑车同慢跑和游泳一样被认为是最好的全面的锻炼形式之一。along with连接并列主语的时候,谓语动词与along with前边的主语保持一致,故谓语动词应用单数第三人称,同时,cycling与regard之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。be regarded as意为“被认为是……”。 8.(2017·北京卷)In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones ________ (not invent) yet. 解析:hadn’t been invented 句意:在二十世纪五十年代的美国,大多数家庭仅有一部电话机,(当时)无线电话还没有发明出来。由yet一词可知此处应该用完成时态,再根据and前面的had just...以及phones与invent之间为动宾关系,要用过去完成时的被动语态。 9.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came,they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! 解析:came→comes 句意:夏季到来的时候,他们将邀请他们的学生去采摘新鲜的蔬菜。在时间或条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,表示将来的动作;常用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。根据句意可知,这里应该用一般现在时。 10.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months. 解析:were used 此处表示蒸汽机是用来拉动车厢的,对乘客来说,所有的烟雾和噪音都令他们相当不愉快。主语Steam engines和动词use之间是动宾关系,这里应该用被动语态;由语境中的proved可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去 时的被动语态。be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”。这里考生容易误认为是考查used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”而误填used。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空/单句改错 1.(2018·豫南九校质量考评)She said she ________ (notice) a big change in me and wondered why. 解析:had noticed 句意:她说她已经注意到了我的巨大变化并想知道为什么会出现这种情况。设空处notice的动作发生在said之前,表示过去的过去,故用过去完成时。 2.(2018·九江十校联考)However,thanks to the international agreement,there ________ (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990. 解析:has been 句意:然而,多亏了这项国际协议,自从1990年,非法捕猎少了很多。根据时间状语since 1990可推知设空处用现在完成时;本句主语hunting为单数第三人称,故填has been。 3.(2018·山西晋商四校联考)They had to wait and ________ (hope) that someone would come and help them. 解析:hoped 句意:他们不得不等待,希望有人来帮助他们。设空处与had to wait并列作谓语,根据逻辑判断设空处应为一般过去时,故填hoped。 4.(2018·唐山调研)Al was a skilled artist with a wife and two fine sons.One night,his older son ________ (develop) a severe stomachache. 解析:developed 句意:Al是一名艺术精湛的画家,他有妻子和两个可爱的儿子。一天夜里,他的大儿子患了严重的胃痛病。根据时间状语one night可知设空处需要用一般过去时,故填developed。 5.(2018·江西联考)I had just purchased a new backpack and I knew it was perfect for her because it ________ (match) her coat. 解析:matched 句意:我刚买了一个新背包,我知道这个背包对她来说很合适因为它与她的大衣相配。根据本句其他动词的时态,结合本空可推知设空处应用一般过去时,故填matched。 6.(2018·石家庄二中联考)So far,I ________ (organize) several English activities of my class successfully,which have been appreciated by both teachers and classmates. 解析:have organized 句意:到目前为止,我已成功组织了我们班的几场英语活动,它们受到了老师和同学的赞许。根据本句中的So far(到目前为止),可推知设空处应该用现在完成时,故填have organized。 7.(2018·九江十校联考)When they destroy a farmer’s crops,the farmer must ________ (pay) compensation. 解析:be paid 句意:当它们破坏了农民的庄稼时,农民一定要被支付赔偿金。主语farmer与pay为被动关系,故设空处需要用被动语态;设空处前为情态动词must ,故设空处填be paid。 8.(2018·山西重点中学协作体模拟)On one occasion,he ________ (trap) by a snowstorm in a vast mountainous area. 解析:was trapped 句意:有一次,他在广袤的山区里,被暴风雪所困。根据“On one occasion”可知,设空处应该用一般过去时;主语he与trap为逻辑上的被动关系,故设空处需用被动语态。综上所述,设空处填was trapped。 9.(2018·龙岩质检)In my opinion,cell phones are neither good nor bad.It depend on how we use them. 解析:depend→depends 句意:我认为,手机不好也不坏。那取决于我们如何使用它们。第二句讲的是一种理论,故用一般现在时。主语it为单数第三人称,故需将谓语动词depend改为depends。 10.(2018·河南天一大联考)Seeing this,I touched and appreciated the kindness he brought to the world. 解析:touched→was touched 句意:看到这个,我很受感动,对他给世界带来的善良表示感谢。主语I与touch之间为被动关系,故需用被动语态;根据appreciated可知需在touched前加was。 Ⅱ.语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空 A There __1__ (be) a new modern art exhibition downtown for the last three days,which __2__ (close) this coming Sunday.Having got two tickets for it,I __3__ (consider) inviting my friend Tony to go along with me.I know that he __4__ (finish) his final paper by Sunday and can afford the time. He once __5__ (tell) me that he likes modern art,so I think he will be interested in this exhibition.Just this morning,when I entered my office,my colleagues __6__ (talk) about it,and some of them said they __7__ (go) to see it already.The exhibition __8__ (hold) in ten more big cities in America after it goes to San Francisco next week. I’ve just called Tony and he has agreed to go with me,saying that he __9__ (look) forward to going to an exhibition for months.I will call for him this Sunday.I’ll go home for lunch now,as I __10__ (starve). [语篇解读] 本文讲述了作者准备请好友一起去看一个展览的事情。 1.解析:has been 考查现在完成时。语境有时间状语for the last three days,这是现在完成时的标志,句中只要出现了“in/for/over/during the last/past+时间段”,就表示从过去某一时间到现在一直延续的动作或状态,应该用现在完成时。 2.解析:will/is going to close;is closing 考查现在进行时或一般将来时。语境有将来的具体时间状语“this coming Sunday”,因此这里用一般将来时,或用现在进行时表示将来的动作。 3.解析:am considering 考查现在进行时。从语境看,作者买了票,现在正在考虑邀请Tony去看展览,因此用提示词的现在进行时表示当前正在进行的动作。 4.解析:will have finished 考查将来完成时。句中的时间状语表明这里说的是对延续到将来的某种情况的推测,用将来完成时。等到星期天的时候,他的论文就会已经完成了。 5.解析:told 考查一般过去时。根据句中的状语once判断,本空用提示词的一般过去时,表示过去的动作。 6.解析:were talking 考查过去进行时。语境表示“我进办公室的时候,我的同事们正在谈论这个展览”,应该用过去进行时表示过去某个时候正在进行的动作。 7.解析:had gone 考查过去完成时。主句使用了一般过去时,此时宾语从句的时态与主句呼应,用过去完成时,表示在过去某一时刻之前已经发生的动作。 8.解析:will be held 考查一般将来时的被动语态。这里用一般将来时表示下周这个展览在旧金山展出之后还要到美国的10多个大城市展出。 9.解析:has been looking 考查现在完成进行时。语境的时间状语for months表明这里要用现在完成进行时表示较长时间里“一直在做某事”。 10.解析:am starving 考查现在进行时。这里表示作者此时很饿,用starve的现在进行时表示当前正在发生的动作。 B Sara:Thomas,your English __1__ (be) so good.I wonder how you __2__ (learn) it. Thomas:Well,in my country everyone has to learn English from the first grade. Sara:Wow,that’s interesting.However,when I __3__ (visit) your family last year,it __4__ (seem) there weren’t many people that could speak with me in English. Thomas:Oh, that’s because they are shy.They __5__ (be) not accustomed to talking with foreigners.Although I __6__ (learn) English for 10 years,when I first came to the US,I was really nervous about speaking with the people here. Sara:I see.I thought there __7__ (be) lots of Americans teaching English in your country. Thomas:Yes,that’s true.There are more American teachers now than there __8__(be) five years ago,but they are mostly in cities.My family lives in the country. Sara:I wonder why.Personally I __9__(prefer) the country to the city.I like the life there.It’s so quiet,peaceful and beautiful. If I __10__(teach),I would teach in the country. [语篇解读] 本对话的话题为语言学习。 1.解析:is 设空处表示现在的状态,故用一般现在时。 2.解析:learned (learnt) 句意:我想知道你是怎么学英语的。learn 在本句中表示过去的行为,故用一般过去时。 3.解析:visited 根据本句中的last year可判断此空应该用一般过去时。 4.解析:seemed 根据上下文语境可知,设空处用seemed。 5.解析:are 根据上句中的“they are shy”的时态可推知本空也需要用一般现在时态。 6.解析:had learned (learnt) learn English for 10 years 这一动作先于first came to the US,由此可知设空处表示“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。 7.解析:were 根据主句谓语动词thought可知设空处为过去时,设空处中的be与thought之间不存在先后关系,故设空处用一般过去时。 8.解析:were 根据后面的five years ago,可推知设空处应该用一般过去时。 9.解析:prefer Sara在说自己现在的情况,故用一般现在时。 10.解析:taught此处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,if从句谓语动词应为一般过去时,故答案为taught。 Ⅲ.短文改错 During the summer holiday,I thought I should do anything meaningful instead of touring.So I got a job at fast food restaurant and worked there for a cleaner.I worked 7 hours a day for three week. The job was hard and boring and seemed endless,which has made me so tired that I nearly left it halfway.However,I stuck to it with determination.Every day I start off for work early in the morning and got to home late in the evening.Finally,I finish the job before the new school term began.Now,I understood what labor means.I consider it a successful experience,which is worth remembered forever. 答案: During the summer holiday,I thought I should do meaningful instead of touring.So I got a job at fast food restaurant and worked there a cleaner.I worked 7 hours a day for three .The job was hard and boring and seemed endless,which has made me so tired that I nearly left it halfway.However,I stuck to it with determination.Every day I off for work early in the morning and got to home late in the evening.Finally,I the job before the new school term began.Now,I what labor means.I consider it a successful experience,which is worth forever.查看更多