2020-2021学年高二英语外研版必修5教师用书：Module

2020-2021学年高二英语外研版必修5教师用书：Module

www.ks5u.com 想知道美式英语的发展史吗？让我们通过下面的文章一睹究竟吧！‎ The development of the English language in America can be divided into three periods.The first period is 1607 to the end of colonial times.In this period the population in America was about four million,90 percent of whom came from Britain.The second period covers the expansion of the original thirteen colonies.This may be said to close with the Civil War，about 1860.This period was marked by the arrival of the new immigrants from Ireland and Germany.The third period，since the Civil War，is marked by an important change in the source from which the European immigrants came.They came from northern and southern Europe in large numbers.‎ American English began in the seventeenth century.At the beginning of the 17th century the English language was brought to North America by colonists from England.They used the language spoken in England，that is，Elizabethan English.At first the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain，but slowly the language began to change.Sometimes，the English spoken in America changed but sometimes the language spoken in the place stayed the same，while the language in England changed.‎ ‎[阅读障碍词]‎ ‎1．original　　　 adj.原先的 ‎2．colony n．殖民地 ‎3．mark v．标志(着)‎ ‎4．immigrant n．移民 ‎5．source n．来源，出处 ‎[诱思导读]‎ Who brought the English language to North America at the start of the 17th century?‎ Colonists from England.‎ Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思 ‎(　　)1.accent　　　　 A．n.种类 ‎(　　)2.obvious B．n.评论；讲话 ‎(　　)3.confusing C．n.口音 ‎(　　)4.compare D．n.开关 ‎(　　)5.variety E．vt.比较 ‎(　　)6.differ F．vi.不同，有区别 ‎(　　)7.remark G．adj.显然的，显而易见的 ‎(　　)8.switch H．adj.令人困惑的；难懂的 ‎[答案]　1－4　CGHE　5－8　AFBD Ⅱ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思 A．到处走动(旅行)　 B．引起；导致 C．与……相似 D．有影响，使不相同 E．有相同的特点 F．做某事有困难 ‎1．He had so little education that he had difficulty in finding a job. ‎ ‎2．Tom likes traveling so he often gets around all over the world. ‎ ‎3．Too much work and too little rest can lead to illness. ‎ ‎4．We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common. ‎ ‎5．Suppose that there is another planet with conditions which are similar to those on earth. ‎ ‎6．The kind man often works as a volunteer because he wants to make a difference in the world. ‎ ‎[答案]　1－6　FABECD Words，words，words British and American English are different in many ways.The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic，or which are used with a different meaning①.Some of these words are well known—Americans drive automobiles down freeways(高速公路) and fill up with gas；the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol.As a tourist，you will need to use the underground in London or the subway(地铁) in New York，or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi(British) or cab(American)．‎ 词，词，词 英式英语和美式英语在很多方面是不同的。首先最明显的是在词汇方面。有数以百计的不同的词在大西洋彼岸不被使用，或者以一种不同的意思被使用着。其中一些单词是人们所熟知的——美国人在freeways驾驶的是automobiles，给车加gas；英国人在motorways驾驶的是cars，给车加petrol。作为游客，你在伦敦要乘坐的地铁叫underground，而在纽约则叫subway，或者你也许愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。‎ ‎[助读讲解]　①两个which均引导定语从句，修饰先行词words。‎ Chips or French fries?‎ But other words and expressions are not so well known.Americans use a flashlight(手电筒)，while for the British，it's a torch②.The British queue up(排队); Americans stand in line.Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing③.Chips，for example，are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets.The British call these crisps.The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic.‎ Chips还是French fries?‎ 但是其他词和表达方式却没有这么广泛地为人所知。美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人却叫它torch。“排队”在英式英语中用queue ‎ up，在美式英语中用stand in line。有时候同一个单词的含义有微小的差别，这让人很困惑。例如，chips在英国是指热的炸薯条，在美国却指非常薄而且装在纸袋里出售的薯片——英国人把这种东西称为crisps。英国人熟悉而且喜欢的薯条在大西洋彼岸被称为French fries。 ‎ ‎[助读讲解]　②while为并列连词，表示前后两种情况的对比。③which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。‎ Have or have got?‎ There are a few differences in grammar，too.The British say Have you got...? while Americans prefer Do you have...? An American might say My friend just arrived，but a British person would say My friend has just arrived.Prepositions，too，can be different：compare on the team，on the weekend(American) with in the team，at the weekend(British)．The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit(省略) them④ (I'll see you Monday; Write me soon！)．‎ Have还是have got?‎ 在语法上，英国英语和美国英语也有一些区别。英国人说Have you got...？而美国人更喜欢说Do you have...？美国人可能会说“My friend just arrived”，但是英国人会说“My friend has just arrived”。介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on the team，on the weekend(美式)和in the team，at the weekend(英式)。英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候会省略(I'll see you Monday; Write me soon！)。 ‎ ‎[助读讲解]　④where 引导地点状语从句。‎ Colour or color?‎ The other two areas in which the two varieties differ⑤ are spelling and pronunciation.American spelling seems simpler：center，color and program instead of centre，colour and programme.Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers(移民) arrived four hundred years ago⑥.The accent，which is most similar to British English⑦，can be heard on the East Coast of the US.When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language⑧，he was obviously thinking about the differences.But are they really so important? After all，there is probably as much variation(变化) of pronunciation within the two countries as between ‎ them.A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.‎ Colour还是color?‎ 这两种英语的另外两个方面的区别是拼写和发音。美式英语的拼写看上去更简单一些：center，color和program是美式拼法，而centre，colour和programme是英式拼法。自从400年前第一批移民到来，有很多因素影响了美国英语的发音。在美国东海岸能听到与英国英语非常相似的口音。当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳说“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族”这句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们之间的区别。但是这些区别真的如此重要吗？毕竟，两个国家境内的口音差别可能跟两国之间的口音差别一样多。伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。 ‎ ‎[助读讲解]　⑤“in＋which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas。⑥since引导时间状语从句。⑦which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词accent。⑧when引导时间状语从句，该从句中含有that引导的同位语从句，过去分词短语divided by a common language作后置定语，修饰nations。‎ Turn on the TV Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together.For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily(不断地)．Since the 1980s，with satellite TV and the Internet，it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick(轻打) of a switch(结构)⑨.This non-stop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.But it has also led to lots of American words and structures(结构) passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear⑩.‎ However，if you turn on CNN，the American TV network，you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents—American，British，Australian，and even Spanish.One of the best-known faces，Monita Rajpal，was born in Hong Kong，China，and grew up speaking Chinese and Punjabi⑪，as well as English.‎ This international dimension suggests that in the future，there are going to be many ‎ ‎“Englishes”，not just two main varieties.But the message is “Don't worry.” Users of English will all be able to understand each other —wherever they are⑫.‎ 打开电视机 一些专家相信这两种语言变体正在越来越接近。一个多世纪以来，大西洋两岸的交流稳步发展。自从20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和互联网的使用，轻轻一按开关就能听到英式英语和美式英语已经成为可能。专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。但这也导致了大量美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语中，以至于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。‎ 然而，如果你打开美国有线电视新闻网，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员都操着不同的口音——美国的、英国的、澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。其中最熟悉的面孔之一——出生于中国香港的慕妮塔·让治派，从小到大说的是汉语、一种印度土语和英语。‎ 这种国际程度表明，在未来将有很多种“英语”，而不仅仅是主要的两种。但其实大家不用担心。无论在哪里，英语使用者们都能彼此理解。 ‎ ‎[助读讲解]　⑨it has been possible to listen to...中it为形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。⑩so that意为“以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。⑪speaking Chinese and Punjabi为现在分词短语作伴随状语。⑫wherever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where。‎ 第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意 速读P2－3教材课文，匹配段落大意 ‎1．Paras.1－‎2　‎ A．Some experts believe that the two ‎ ‎ varieties are moving closer together. Users ‎ ‎ of English will all be able to understand ‎ ‎ each other—wherever they are.‎ ‎2．Para.3 B．The first and most obvious way is in the ‎ ‎ vocabulary.But there are some words and ‎ ‎ expressions not so well known.‎ ‎3．Para‎.4 ‎ C．British English and American English ‎ ‎ are different in spelling and pronunciation.‎ ‎4．Paras.5－7 D．There are a few differences in grammar.‎ ‎[答案]　1－4　BDCA 第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息 细读P2－3教材课文，选择最佳答案 ‎1．Which of the following words comes from American English?‎ A．Programme.　　　 B．Centre.‎ C．Gas. D．Underground.‎ ‎2．Why do some experts say the two varieties of English are moving closer?‎ A．Because the people of the two countries are moving together.‎ B．Because the communications between the two countries have developed steadily for over 100 years.‎ C．Because many American words and structures have passed into British English.‎ D．Because people from the two countries can listen to British and American English on TV.‎ ‎3．Which of the following is NOT right according to the last part “Turn on the TV”？‎ A．Television and the Internet have made it easier for the British and Americans to understand each other.‎ B．A large number of people believe British English will disappear.‎ C．In fact newsreaders and weather forecasters all speak with different accents in CNN programmes.‎ D．People using different “Englishes” in the future can still understand each other well.‎ ‎4．From the passage we can infer .‎ A．more and more words have different meanings between American and British English B．British English turns popular with more people all over the world C．announcers in the United States are required to have standard pronunciation D．British English and American English have had an influence on each other ‎[答案]　1－4　CBBD 第三步　研读——能力升华，接轨高考 根据P2－3课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 There are many differences between British 1.and American English.2.The first and most obvious difference is the vocabulary.Hundreds of words 3.used(use) in England are not used in America or are used with a different 4.meaning(mean)．Then there are a few differences in grammar，too.The British say Have you got...？5.while Americans prefer Do you have...？The 6.varieties(variety) also differ in spelling and pronunciation.Though there are some differences，some experts believe they are moving 7.closer(close) than before.Communications across the Atlantic have developed 8.steadily(steady)．In the future，there 9.are(be) going to be many “Englishes”，so don't worry.As a matter of fact，users of English will have no difficulty 10.understanding(understand) each other wherever they are.‎