【英语】2018届人教版必修八一轮复习：Unit2　Cloning单元学案（6页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修八一轮复习：Unit2　Cloning单元学案（6页）

Unit 2　Cloning 单元学案 核心词汇 ‎1．The chemicals that are harmful to the environment are ____________(禁止)here.‎ ‎2．Christmas____________(装饰品)now have started to sell well in our shop.‎ ‎3．She fell heavily，____________(撞)her head against the side of the boat.‎ ‎4．She ____________(喜爱，爱慕)her grandchildren and is always buying them presents.‎ ‎5．Before rules and____________(规则)were introduced，the sport was very dangerous.‎ ‎6．It’s not ____________(仅)a matter of cost，but whether she’s old enough to go on holiday alone. ‎ ‎7．I am sure she has the ability to____________(承担)all kinds of housework.‎ ‎8．I thought the price of the car was quite____________(合理的)，so I decided to buy it.‎ ‎9．用object 的适当形式填空 ‎(1)Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no ____________ to it.‎ ‎(2)Some members of the committee ____________to my proposal，which made me disappointed.‎ ‎10．用assume的适当形式填空 ‎(1)We are working on the ____________that the conference will take place as planned.‎ ‎(2)____________that his story is true，what should we do?‎ ‎1.forbidden　2.decorations　3.striking　4.adores　5.regulations　6.merely　7.undertake　8.reasonable　9.(1)objections　(2)objected　10.(1)assumption　(2)Assuming 高频短语 ‎1．________________　得到好结果；取得成 功；偿清 ‎2．________________ 沮丧；不愉快 ‎3．________________ 反对 ‎4．________________ 赞成；支持 ‎5．________________ 把……归功于……‎ ‎6．________________ 一定或注定(做)……‎ ‎7．________________ 使……刻骨铭心 ‎8．________________ 不时；偶尔 ‎9．________________ 使复生；使复活 ‎10．________________ 白费力气；枉费心机 ‎11．________________ 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏 ‎1．pay off　2.cast down　3.object to　4.in favour of　5.owe...to...　6.(be)bound to (do)．..　7.strike...into one’s heart　8.from time to time　9.bring back to life　10.in vain 　11.in good/poor condition 重点句式 ‎1．But at last the determination and patience of the scientists ____________in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.‎ 但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果——克隆羊“多莉”。‎ ‎2．____________the disturbing news ____________Dolly had become seriously ill.‎ 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。‎ ‎3．Is it ____________cloning or ____________it?‎ 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？‎ ‎4．Scientists believe human cloning is just____________but____________human clones have already been born hasn’t been proved yet.‎ 科学家们相信人类的克隆只不过是时间问题，但是克隆人已经问世的说法还没有被证实。‎ ‎5．________________if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.‎ 其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。‎ ‎1．paid off　2.Then came；that　3.in favour of；against　4.a matter of time；the assumption that　5.The advantage is that 知识详解 ‎1 .object　vi.　反对；不赞成　‎ ‎　　　 n.物体；目标 ‎(回归课本P12)On the other hand，Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.‎ 另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P1372)If nobody objects，we’ll postpone the meeting till next week.‎ 如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。‎ ‎②(牛津P1372)I really object to being charged for parking.‎ 我非常反对收停车费。‎ ‎③(牛津P1372)If you’re late，you’ll defeat the whole object of the exercise.‎ 如果你迟到了，便不能达到整个活动的目的。‎ ‎④I objected that he was too young for the position.‎ 我提出反对意见他太年轻不适合这个职位。‎ ‎⑤(牛津P1372)The main objection to the plan was that it would cost too much.‎ 反对这个计划的主要理由是费用过高。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎1．I don’t mind her criticizing me，but________is how she does it that I object to.‎ A．it　　　　　　　　　　　B．that C．this D．which 解析：选A。考查代词it的用法。本题关键是并列连词but。粗心的学生可能会误选which，认为此处为一个定语从句。object to反对；抗议。句意：我不介意她批评我，但我反对的是她批评我的方式。‎ ‎2 .undertake (undertook；undertaken)　vt.　着手；‎ ‎ 从事；承担 ‎(回归课本P11)It is a difficult task to undertake.‎ 这是一项很难完成的任务。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①(朗文P2241)Two new studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of the chemicals.‎ 已经进行了两项新研究以确定这些化学制品的作用。‎ ‎②(牛津P2197)University professors both teach and undertake research.‎ 大学教授既要教学又要从事研究工作。‎ ‎③He undertook to finish the job by Friday.‎ 他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。‎ ‎④I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.‎ 我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎2．Who do you think is the right person________ ________ ________ ________(承担这项任务)?‎ 答案：to undertake the task ‎3 .forbid (forbade/forbad，forbidden)　vt. 　禁止，‎ ‎ 不准 ‎(回归课本P12)Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning...‎ 有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究……‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P794)You are all forbidden to leave.‎ 你们都不准离开。‎ ‎②(牛津P794)He forbade them from mentioning the subject again.他不准他们再提这个问题。‎ ‎③I will forbid you to leave unless you apologize for what you have done.‎ ‎ 如果你不为自己所做的事情道歉，我不允许你离开。 ‎ ‎④He forbids smoking during office hours.‎ 他禁止在办公时间抽烟。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎3．完成句子 ‎(1)当火车行驶时，禁止我们往窗外看。‎ We ________ ________ ________ ________ ________of the window when the train was moving.‎ 答案：were forbidden to look out ‎(2)他甚至禁止我去网吧会见我的网友！‎ He has even ________ ________ ________ ________my friends online at the Internet café！‎ 答案：forbidden me from meeting ‎4 .owe 　vt.　欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……，应感谢 ‎(回归课本P13)You owe the lady an apology.‎ 你必须向这位女士道歉。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P1427)Thanks for helping me—I owe you a favour.‎ 谢谢你帮助我——我欠你一个人情。‎ ‎②These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.‎ 这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。‎ ‎③If I have improved in any way，I owe it all to my teacher.‎ 如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。‎ ‎④(2009年高考湖北卷) Owing to her assistance，we succeeded in starting the engine.‎ 多亏她帮忙，我们才成功启动了引擎。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎4．她把她的成功归功于幸运，而不是有能力。‎ She ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________rather than to ability.‎ 答案：owes her success to good luck ‎5 .bother　vt.　打扰　‎ ‎ vi.　操心 ‎ ‎　 n．　烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人 ‎(回归课本P14)However，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.‎ 然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.‎ 他甚至连通知都没通知我他要来。‎ ‎②(牛津P221)I don’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment.‎ 我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。‎ ‎③(牛津P221)Sorry to bother you，but there is a call for you.‎ 很抱歉打扰你一下，有你的电话。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎5．—I’m sorry to________you，but can you tell me the way to the nearest supermarket?‎ ‎—I will do some shopping，too.Shall we walk there together?‎ A．bother　　　　　　B．carry C．affect D．award 解析：选A。句中I’m sorry to bother you 相当于Excuse me“对不起，打扰一下”，故选A。‎ ‎6 .pay off　得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 ‎(回归课本P11)But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.‎ 但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果——克隆羊“多莉”。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(朗文P1503)Mr.Li was driving a taxi on the weekends to pay off all his debts.‎ 李先生周末开出租车赚钱以还清他的所有债务。‎ ‎②Her design won the first prize in the competition.Years of patience and hard work had at last paid off.‎ 她的设计在比赛中获得一等奖。多年的耐心和艰苦的工作终于得到了好的结果。‎ ‎③If you don’t work now，you’ll pay for it later when you fail your exams.‎ 你现在不好好学习，到考试不及格时就会为此而付出代价。‎ ‎④He had to work parttime so as to pay for his education.‎ 他必须做兼职工作来支付学费。‎ ‎⑤That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.‎ 能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎6．—Li Feng won the first prize in the national English competition.‎ ‎—Oh，really? I’m glad that her efforts at last________.‎ A．worked out　　　　　　 B．got back C．paid off D．turned out 解析：选C。答句句意：噢，真的吗？我很高兴她的努力终于得到了好的结果。pay off(指冒风险的政策、做法等)带来好结果，成功，行得通。又如：The gamble paid off.赌赢了。‎ ‎7 .in favour of　赞成；支持 ‎(回归课本P12)Is it in favour of cloning or against it?‎ 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was in favour of it.‎ 我姐姐反对我的提议，然而我弟弟却赞成。‎ ‎②Could you do me a favour and turn off the light?‎ 请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎7．I am ________your suggestion________we should spend more time on this project.‎ A．in favour of；which ‎ B．in honor of；that C．in favour of；that ‎ D．in honor of；which 解析：选C。句意：我很赞成你的建议那就是我们应该在这工程上花费更多的时间。in favour of 赞成；in honor of 向……表示敬意；为纪念……。第二个空为that 引导的同位语从句。‎ ‎8．(2011年皖南八校模拟)Many young people left their hometown for big cities________better jobs.‎ A．in favour of B．in search of C．in charge of D．in honour of 解析：选B。in favour of赞成，支持；in search of寻找；in charge of负责，掌管；in honour of为向……表示敬意。结合语境应选B项。‎ ‎【教材原句】　Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.(P12)‎ 接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。‎ ‎【句法分析】　(1)表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首时，句子用倒装语序。‎ ‎①(2009年高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.‎ 有一会儿什么也没发生。接下来传来一起欢呼声。‎ ‎②Then came the news that the war was over.‎ 接下来传来战争结束的消息。‎ ‎③Out rushed the children.‎ 孩子们冲了出去。‎ ‎④There goes the bell.铃响了。‎ ‎(2)本句中that引导的从句为同位语从句，that仅起连接作用，无实意。‎ 常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，fear等。‎ 同位语从句常用that引导，也可以由连接代词who，what，whose，which，连接副词how，when，where，why或连词whether来引导。‎ ‎⑤The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.‎ 他当选美国总统的消息是真的。 ‎ ‎⑥The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.‎ 我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。‎ ‎⑦I have no idea where the new library will be built.‎ 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪里。‎ ‎⑧We must face the fact that we have run out of all the money.‎ 我们必须面对我们已花完了钱这一事实。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎9．(2010年高考陕西卷)John opened the door.There________he had never seen before.‎ A．a girl did stand　　　　 B．a girl stood ‎ C．did a girl stand D．stood a girl 解析：选D。考查完全倒装。副词there，here等位于句首，应用完全倒装句式。句意：约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。‎