通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点十九生态环保类练习含解析

通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点十九生态环保类练习含解析

考点十九　生态环保类 A 限时10分钟 Known as “wolf girl” at her West Warwick, R．I.‎ school, Alyssa Grayson has spent much of her young life teaching others to protect and respect animals. After starting a wolf club in the second grade, Alyssa learned all she could about her favorite animals. Today, she gives presentations about protecting wolves at libraries and schools—she's even spoken at a university. In fact, she's become such a wolf expert that she was appointed as the first junior advisor to the National Wolfwatcher Coalition.‎ When she's not teaching others about wolves, Alyssa can be found volunteering at her local animal shelter, taking care of dogs and cats. She's also trained as a citizen scientist for FrogWatch USA. In short, Alyssa Grayson proves that you are never too young to make a difference for animals.‎ When asked how she got interested in saving wolves, Alyssa says, “I've loved wolves since I saw them in a movie when I was 2 or 3 years old. Then one day I saw a commercial about wolf hunting. I asked my mother why people do this, and she told me because people don't like wolves. I decided from then on that I wanted to save wolves.”‎ Today, wolves are hunted, trapped, or poisoned. Hunters chase wolves for miles in an airplane until the wolves are too exhausted to run anymore. Then they shoot them. The animal doesn't have a chance to escape. Animals are also trapped for their fur. They are left to suffer in a trap with no food, water, or shelter. Alyssa thinks the fur looks better on the animal in the wild, where it's meant to be, than on a human.‎ Alyssa believes wolves are important to our worlds. She says, “Wolves are an apex predator, which means they are at the top of the food chain. Removing them from the ecosystem is a big mistake. The ecosystem is like a chain of dominoes (多米诺骨牌)—with the apex predator as the one in front. If you were to knock down that domino, the rest of the chain would go down too.”‎ People usually think of “the Big Bad Wolf” when they hear about wolves. However, Alyssa says, “If they would base their thoughts on facts, not fairy tales, we wouldn't have people wanting to kill wolves.”‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了阿莉莎在二年级发起一个狼俱乐部之后，开始知道她最喜欢的动物是狼。她呼吁人们客观地对待并保护这种动物，不要因为童话故事而对它存在偏见。‎ ‎1．Alyssa is known as “wolf girl” at her school because ________.‎ A．she keeps wolves as pets - 14 -‎ B．she was raised by wolves C．she does a lot to protect wolves D．she started a wolf club at her school 答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章首句中的“has spent ... to protect and respect animals”以及下文所述她喜欢狼并呼吁大家保护狼这一物种可知，阿莉莎在学校中被称为“狼女”，是因为她花费时间做了很多事情保护狼。故选C。‎ ‎2．According to the first two paragraphs, Alyssa ________.‎ A．gained knowledge about wolves at libraries B．cares about other animals besides wolves C．started to give presentations since the second grade D．is the first junior citizen scientist for FrogWatch ‎USA 答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段描述可知，她除了关心狼之外，还照顾其他的动物，如猫和狗。故选B。‎ ‎3．Paragraph 4 is mainly about ________.‎ A．why wolves are killed B．why wolves are trapped C．the tools used to hunt wolves D．how wolves are treated 答案：D　段落大意题。文章第四段主要讲述了狼被猎杀、被围困或被毒亡的事实。人们为了它们的皮毛不断地去猎杀它们，不给它们逃生的机会，所以该段讲述了狼是被如何对待的。故选D。‎ ‎4．From the last paragraph we can infer that Alyssa ________.‎ A．doesn't need fairy tales B．doesn't believe in fairy tales C．encourages people to find out the facts about wolves D．believes that more people will work to save wolves 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，当人们提到狼的时候往往说“大坏狼”。如果人们把想法建立在事实的基础上，而不是童话上，我们人类就没有人想要杀死它们了。因此可推知，阿莉莎鼓励人们客观地对待狼，看到狼真实的一面。故选C。‎ B 限时10分钟 Drive through any suburb in the US today, and it's hard to miss the recycling bins that have become companions to America's trash cans. Recycling has become common, as people recognize the need to care for the environment. Yet most people's recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles, and cans. People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of ewaste.‎ Ewaste rapidly increases as the technofashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices, and the majority of them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋地). Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs, ‎ - 14 -‎ VCRs, computers, cell phones, and other electronics every year. Unless we can find a safe replacement, this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic. Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air.‎ However, ewaste often contains reusable silver, gold, and other electrical materials. Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals, which can destroy ecosystems.‎ A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping ewaste. Still, less than a quarter of this waste will reach lawful recycling programs. Some companies advertising safe disposal in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries, where it still ends up in landfills. These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an outofsight, outofmind location.‎ However, the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle ewaste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner, better place for us all.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。随着技术的不断更新，人们日益关注垃圾的回收再利用，回收普通垃圾已经成为世人的习惯。然而，合理回收电子废弃物是环保领域的重要任务和课题。‎ ‎5．What can we infer from the first paragraph?‎ A．Many Americans now have access to recycling bins.‎ B．Ewaste cannot be put into trash cans in the US.‎ C．Most Americans have realized the dangers of ewaste.‎ D．Most of America's trash cans are made of recycled material.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，在美国，废弃物的回收利用变得很普遍，因为人们已经意识到需要关注环境。所以，A项(很多美国人可以利用回收箱)符合题意，故选A。‎ ‎6．What can best replace the underlined word “contaminates” in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Pollutes. B．Heats.‎ C．Absorbs. D．Reduces.‎ 答案：A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic”可知，这些电子污染会进入土地，污染到水源，那么燃烧污染物可能会污染空气。由此可推断出contaminates的意思与pollutes相近，即“毒害，污染”，故选A。‎ ‎7．How does the author feel about burying ewaste in landfills?‎ A．It's important. B．It's unsafe.‎ C．It's acceptable. D．It's uncommon.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的“this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water”和第四段尾句中的“These organizations prevent progress by unsafely - 14 -‎ ‎ ...”可知，只是把电子垃圾放在看不见的垃圾填埋场，但仍旧不安全，因为它还在那里，分析选项可知B正确。‎ ‎8．What's the author's purpose in writing this text?‎ A．To tell us how to recycle ewaste.‎ B．To talk about the future of ewaste.‎ C．To discuss if it's necessary to recycle ewaste.‎ D．To encourage us to deal with ewaste properly.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们对垃圾的回收普遍关注，回收普通垃圾已经成为习惯。但随着科技的发展，合理回收电子垃圾成为现代废弃物回收的重点。故本文的目的是鼓励我们合理处理电子垃圾，故选D。‎ C 限时8分钟 ‎ About 5,000 children die each day because of preventable diseases such as cholera and dysentery (痢疾), which spread when people use unclean water for drinking or cooking. A lack of water for personal health leads to the spread of totally preventable diseases like trachoma, which has blinded some six million people.‎ ‎ Water troubles also trap many lowincome families in a cycle of poverty and poor education and the poorest suffer most from lack of access to water. People who spend much of their time on ill health, caring for sick children, or collecting water at a distance averaging 3.75 miles a day don't have educational and economic chances to better their lives.‎ Agriculture is called the lion's share of clean water worldwide, using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent. Water areas have no political borders and nations don't always work together to share common resources, so water can be a frequent source of international problems as well. ‎ Daybyday demand keeps growing, further draining water sources, from great rivers to groundwater. “We're going deeper into debt on our groundwater use，” Postel said, “and that has great effects on global water safety. The rate of groundwater use has doubled since 1960.”‎ ‎ Some of Earth's groundwater is fossil water created when Earth's climate was far different. Today such water is as limited as petrol. “But we're pumping much of them out faster than ever，” Postel explained. “Man's growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems. And that also creates a cost to us, to our sons and to our grandsons, not just to nature.”‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。水是生命之源，与人类的健康、农业等息息相关，然而在很多地区，水资源短缺已成了一个相当严峻的挑战。‎ ‎9．What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?‎ A．Water shortage has been a most serious challenge.‎ B．So many children die of polluted water every day.‎ C．Diseases should be properly controlled and treated.‎ - 14 -‎ D．Wasting water leads to the unrest of the world.‎ 答案：A　主旨大意题。本文讲述了目前在全世界范围内，水资源短缺给人们的健康、生活、经济等带来的不利影响，水资源短缺是人类面临的一个相当严峻的挑战。‎ ‎10．Why is agriculture called the lion's share of clean water?‎ A．Because agriculture is much stronger than industry.‎ B．Because more people live on the agricultural produce.‎ C．Because agriculture uses about twothirds of clean water.‎ D．Because nations don't always work together to save water.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。依据文中第三段第一句中的“using some 70 percent, and industrial use needs another 22 percent”可知，世界上约70%的清洁水被农业生产耗用，农业是消耗清洁水最多的产业。‎ ‎11．According to what Postel said we can know ________.‎ A．groundwater is rich for us to use B．there is no need to dig deep for groundwater C．we are using our next generations' water D．we should use river water instead of groundwater 答案：C　推理判断题。依据最后两段中Postel的话，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，我们正在消耗我们子孙的水资源。‎ ‎12．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．We shouldn't use water from rivers.‎ B．We should protect our ecosystems.‎ C．Water should be distributed equally.‎ D．Laws should be passed for groundwater.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。文章在讲述水资源的重要性，且用具体例子和数据进行证明；再结合尾段倒数第二句“Man's growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems.”可推知，我们要保护我们的生态系统。‎ D 限时8分钟 College students may find a greener campus when they return to classes this fall. Some schools are repairing older buildings and constructing new ones that are better for the environment. Other steps include adding wind and solar energy systems and planting vegetable gardens.‎ George Washington University (GW) is a private school with 200,000 students. The university has two gardens where students volunteer their time.‎ Over the last ten years GW has developed projects in three main areas—climate, water and ecosystems. They have begun to create projects on the ground to address climate change. They are planning on becoming carbonneutral (平衡的) and, in fact, reducing the_footprint by forty percent by 2025, from creating solar hotwater systems on our rooftops to making our buildings much more energy efficient. The school - 14 -‎ ‎ also offers 140 different classes in sustainability (可持续性发展) and the environment.‎ Mark Orlouski said, “We see numbers like less than 20% of school having a green building policy five years ago and now upwards of 80% of schools having a policy, which states that their new buildings will be built in a green fashion.”‎ GW is located in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington. Some neighbors say that while GW is laying to be friendlier to the environment, it could also be a better friend to the neighborhood. The school has expanded quickly and there have been tensions between students and local residents.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乔治华盛顿大学的绿色校园系列环保政策及计划。‎ ‎13．The greener campus project aims majorly at ________.‎ A．welcoming students in the new term B．repairing and constructing buildings C．adding wind and solar energy systems D．making schools environmentally friendly 答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“better for the environment”可知，绿色校园计划是为了使校园更环保。A项文中未提及，B、C两项是具体做法。故选D。‎ ‎14．What do the underlined words “the footprint” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．The climate change.‎ B．The quantity of water.‎ C．The production of carbon.‎ D．The main areas of the project.‎ 答案：C　词义猜测题。根据上文“They are planning on becoming carbonneutral (平衡的) and, in fact, reducing”可知此处表示降低碳排放量，the footprint指的是碳排放量。故选C。‎ ‎15．What can be inferred from Paragraph 5?‎ A．Green efforts have already brought in benefits.‎ B．High school students prefer choosing a greener college.‎ C．Green building policies attract more high school students.‎ D．Colleges are making efforts to meet the needs of students.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“The school has expanded quickly and there have been tensions between students and local residents.”可知，绿色校园政策让学校发展得很快，从而可以推断出，绿色校园环保政策吸引更多的高中生。故选C。‎ ‎16．Which one of the problems is GW now facing?‎ A．It hasn't been so friendly to its neighbors.‎ B．There have been no green building policies.‎ C．Rainwater collecting costs too much money.‎ D．The students are making too many efforts.‎ - 14 -‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“The school has expanded quickly and there have been tensions between students and local residents.”可知，学校迅速发展造成了学生与当地居民的关系紧张，从而可以推断出，学校的发展导致学校与当地居民关系不太友好。故选A。‎ A 限时10分钟 ‎(2018·浙江高考)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.‎ Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds,_plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.‎ Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.‎ The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out. However, longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.‎ Environmentalists don't dispute (质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人们该用塑料袋还是环保袋或者两者都不使用，并分析了其原因。‎ ‎1．What has Steven Stein been hired to do?‎ A．Help increase grocery sales.‎ B．Recycle the waste material.‎ C．Stop things falling off trucks.‎ D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句并结合第二段最后一句中的“plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people - 14 -‎ ‎ assume”可知，塑料袋制造商雇佣Stein这样的科学家来为塑料购物袋的使用进行辩护。故选D。‎ ‎2．What does the word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Bans on plastic bags.‎ B．Effects of city development.‎ C．Headaches caused by garbage.‎ D．Plastic bags hung in trees.‎ 答案：A　词义猜测题。画线词是承接其上一句的内容描述，指在包括洛杉矶在内的加利福尼亚州的90个城市，塑料袋是禁止使用的。再结合画线词后的“to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可推断出，此处headwinds指的是“bans on plastic bags”，即对塑料袋的禁令。故选A。‎ ‎3．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plasticbag makers?‎ A．They are quite expensive.‎ B．Replacing them can be difficult.‎ C．They are less strong than plastic bags.‎ D．Producing them requires more energy.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句可知，环保袋的一个缺点是生产它们需要更多能源。故选D。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Plastic, Paper or Neither B．Industry, Pollution and Environment C．Recycle or Throw Away D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control 答案：A　标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一、二段介绍了塑料袋的禁用及原因；第三、四段介绍了环保袋的使用及其缺点；再结合最后一段第二句可知，环境学家甚至希望某天也可以禁用纸袋。因此A项(到底是选择塑料袋，纸袋还是两者都不使用)准确地概括了文章的主题，适合作标题。故选A。‎ B 限时8分钟 ‎(2019·浙江高考)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)．‎ The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.‎ Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development - 14 -‎ ‎ pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)．‎ But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.‎ The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)．‎ Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候变化是其中的一个主要因素。‎ ‎5．What is the second paragraph mainly about?‎ A．The seriousness of bigtree loss in California.‎ B．The increasing variety of California big trees.‎ C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.‎ D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.‎ 答案：A　主旨大意题。第二段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树减少的严重性，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．Which of the following is wellintentioned but may be bad for big trees?‎ A．Ecological studies of forests.‎ B．Banning woodcutting.‎ C．Limiting housing development.‎ D．Fire control measures.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知，控制野火的措施使得加利福尼亚州的森林里满是跟大树争夺资源的小树，初衷是为了控制野火，这是好的，实则对大树不利，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?‎ A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.‎ C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“... the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures ...”可知，水资源不足的主要原因就是气温升高，即更加温暖的气候，故C项正确。‎ ‎8．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ - 14 -‎ A．California's Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?‎ B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?‎ D．Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in ‎California 答案：A　标题判断题。本文是一篇调查报告，第一段就点出主题：California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s。后面具体分析了加利福尼亚州大树的现状、造成大树减少的原因等，故A项作为标题最合适。‎ C 限时7分钟 ‎(2020·甘肃省会宁一中高三第一次月考)Petrol and diesel (柴油) cars may still dominate our roads, but their days are numbered. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 per cent by 2020.‎ One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety”—drivers' concerns about running out of juice on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said, charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the USA.‎ Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their large price tags (标签) drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance and price, the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics. Plugin cars will soon give internal combustion (燃料) engine models a run for their money.‎ As well as advancements on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrolpowered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made, with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.‎ Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions. Were the US to act on the study's findings and replace 87 per cent of its cars with electric vehicles, it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim to be completely emissionfree. Even so, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.‎ - 14 -‎ ‎　‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了汽油和柴油汽车很快会被电动车辆所替代以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。‎ ‎9．Which is the best title for this passage?‎ A．My Dream Car ‎ B．History of Electric Cars C．Problems with Petrol Cars ‎ D．Driving into the Future 答案：D　标题判断题。通读全文可知，汽油和柴油汽车可能仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电动车辆所替代。文章同时介绍了电动交通工具在未来的发展。所以这篇文章最好的标题是“驶向未来”。故选D项。‎ ‎10．As used in Paragraph 2, the underlined word “hurdle” means “________”．‎ A．aim B．barrier C．consequence D．step 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been ‘range anxiety’—drivers' concerns about running out of juice on a journey.” 可知，电动汽车被广泛采用的一个障碍是“里程焦虑”——司机担心在旅途中车会没电。所以根据上下文语境可以判断出“hurdle”是指barrier “障碍”。故选B项。‎ ‎11．In the past, why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars?‎ A．They were expensive.‎ B．They were very poorly made.‎ C．They were not widely promoted.‎ D．They couldn't travel at a high speed.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Not that long ago, electric cars were met with distrust, and their large price tags drove customers away.” 可知，不久前，电动汽车遭到了不信任，巨额标价把顾客吓跑了，也就是说人们认为电动车太贵了不值得买。故选A项。‎ ‎12．What is the function of Paragraph 4?‎ A．To introduce the history of electric travel.‎ B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars.‎ C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars.‎ D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“As well as advancements on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies.” 可知，除了公路上(汽车)的进步，电动交通工具正朝着海洋和天空方向发展。第四段的作用是描述电动汽车的不同用途。故选D项。‎ D 限时12分钟 - 14 -‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.‎ To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and boxset TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007.‎ As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The livingroom television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to ‎13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.‎ So what's the solution (解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保，所以作者主张使用新电子设备。‎ ‎13．What does the author think of new devices?‎ A．They are environmentfriendly. ‎ B．They are no better than the old.‎ C．They cost more to use at home. ‎ D．They go out of style quickly.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能源。由此推知，作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。‎ ‎14．Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?‎ A．To reduce the cost of minerals.‎ B．To test the life cycle of a product.‎ - 14 -‎ C．To update consumers on new technology.‎ D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“To figure out how much power these devices are using, ...”可知，Babbitt的团队研究的目的是为了弄清楚新旧电子设备的耗能量。故选D。‎ ‎15．Which of the following uses the least energy?‎ A．The boxset TV. B．The tablet.‎ C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句和最后一段最后一句可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。‎ ‎16．What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?‎ A．Stop using them. B．Take them apart.‎ C．Upgrade them. D．Recycle them.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保，所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。‎ E 限时12分钟 ‎(2020·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.‎ Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.‎ When the 65－year－old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds' nests and hatching them under incubators (孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.‎ A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around ‎400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.‎ Prof Jones was awarded the $250,000 prize at a ceremony in London.‎ ‎“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn't enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.‎ - 14 -‎ Prof Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。卡尔·琼斯教授曾因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，然而，他后来在保护动物领域被授予“诺贝尔奖”，他用自己的方法挽救了九种濒危物种。‎ ‎17．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Return. B．Level.‎ C．Honor. D．Research.‎ 答案：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“荣誉”。‎ ‎18．According to the passage, Great Auk is ________.‎ A．an endangered bird B．an extinct bird C．a popular bird D．a fierce bird 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk”可推知，Great Auk是一种已灭绝的鸟。‎ ‎19．What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.‎ B．The wild environment for kestrels has changed a lot.‎ C．The kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.‎ D．It's difficult to protect kestrel.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around ‎400 in the wild.”可知，当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩4只，琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼。10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋进行人工繁殖的方法效果很好。‎ ‎20．Prof Jones' idea of taking eggs from the birds' nests ________.‎ A．was proved of no use B．was widely accepted C．was promoted officially D．was criticized by some people 答案：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“... the tension of the criticism I received ...”“dead loss” “In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques ... in the wild.”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。‎ - 14 -‎