中考英语任务型英语阅读理解题解题技巧

中考英语任务型英语阅读理解题解题技巧

中考英语任务型英语阅读理解题解题技巧 任务型阅读理解 失分分析 解题技巧 初中英语新课标倡导任务型的教学模式，让学生通过体验、实践、参与、合作、交流和探究等方式，学习和使用英语，完成学习任务，促进语言实际运用能力的提高。中考英语任务型阅读就是在遵循“课程标准”基础上，根据任务型教学设计而成的一种新题型。该题型要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成一项任务或解决一个问题，它主要考查学生根据所提供语言信息具体解决实际问题的能力，即考查学生运用语言“做事”的能力；同时还注重考查学生的阅读理解、书面表达、归纳概括、分析理解、逻辑推理及社会生活知识的综合运用能力。‎ 任务型阅读理解题题型丰富，近年来考查形式大致如下：回答问题型、判断正误型、阅读填空型、阅读排序型、阅读改写句子型、看图推断型。试题既可以按照其中一种形式出现，也可以混合出现。读写结合，既增加了试题的难度和区分度，又有效的促进英语学习朝着实用性方向发展，符合了新课改的要求。‎ ‎ 考查近几年的中考英语任务型阅读理解试题后不难发现，阅读内容难度整体适中，易于理解，题目设计既不是很直接呈现答案，也不增添解题的弯度。但实际操作解题过程中，却很容易犯这样或那样的错误，从而导致了很多不必要的失分。因此，我们有必要让学生对任务型阅读有较全面的了解，熟练掌握任务型阅读的解题技巧。下面，笔者将结合学生答题常见错误进一步具体深入解析。‎ 一、明确任务，关注题后要求 实例一：‎ ‎（2009山东泰安）阅读下面的短文，并完成短文后的任务。‎ Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom. They say they can afford these things. But I don’t agree with them. ‎ Waste can bring a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources (资源), we are short of others, for example, fresh water. It is reported that we will have no coal or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move? Think about it. (3) I think we should say no to the students who waste things every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible. ‎ In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent (阻止) waste from happening, for example, turn off the water taps when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. (4) Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best. ‎ 任务1：根据要求答题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)‎ ‎1. List the wastes mentioned in the first passage: (within 15 words)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. What problems can waste bring? (within 20 words)‎ ‎(1) ______________________________________________________________‎ ‎(2) ______________________________________________________________‎ 任务2：将短文中划线的句子翻译成汉语。‎ ‎3. ______________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. ______________________________________________________________‎ 任务3：请给短文拟一个适当的标题：(within 5 words)‎ ‎5. ______________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】1. ask for more food，forget to turn off the lights ‎ ‎ 2. (1) We’ll be short of resources.(fresh water, coal or oil.) ‎ ‎(2) We’ll have nothing to use and nowhere to move./What can we use in the future and where can we move?‎ ‎3. 我认为我们应该对那些天天浪费东西的学生说不。‎ ‎4. 如果我们都尽力的话，将来有一天浪费就不会发生了。‎ ‎5. Stop wasting/No more wasting 分析：这道中考题形式多样，在同一道题中出现了收集并整理信息、回答问题、翻译句子、拟标题等多项任务。因此，在未读材料之前，应仔细阅读所给任务，做到心中有数，避免答非所问，从而有效的提高做题的效率和准确率。另外，仔细阅读后不难发现，任务1和任务3题后还有额外的附加要求（within 15 words，within 20 words，within 5 words)，考生稍加马虎，答题字数就容易超出警戒线！如多于任务一的作答，考生很易写上: Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom.（共24词）‎ 二、）对照原文，作答适当修改 ‎（2009甘肃兰州）‎ ‎…….At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯). ……‎ 任务2. When you find you make a mistake in the chat room, what should you do?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ 此题考生容易直接抄写原句，而忘记应将人称适当调整，答为：if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended..‎ 附答案：I should correct myself and apologize to those that I have offended.‎ 任务型阅读理解不但考查学生阅读理解的能力，还考查学生写的能力，所谓读写结合。所以在写的过程中就应特别注意书写规范：单词的首字母是否应大写，单词拼写无误，单词的词形、词性，句子的语法准确，时态语态正确，固定搭配等等。在翻译句子时尤其要慎重，结合语境，反复斟酌，努力做到万无一失。‎ 下面是一道满分为10分的试题， 每题2分。‎ Do you think about your parents? “ Yes, of course.” You may answer, “ I buy a present for my mother on Mother’s Day. And I give my father a present on Father’s Day.?‎ Then what about the other days of a year? Always remember to think about your parents. Not just on some important days.‎ I have a friend. She lives alone. Her parents live in another city.‎ One day I went to see her. We had a nice chat. Then she wanted to make a call. She dialed( 拨打电话) the number, but then put the phone down. After ten seconds, she dialed the number again. “ Hi, mom…” ‎ Later I asked, “ Why did you dial the number twice?”‎ She smiled, “ My parents are old. They can’t be quick to answer a call. (1)I always do so when I call them. I just want to give them enough time.”‎ My friend is a good girl. She is always thinking about her parents. You also want to be a good child, right? (2)why，her, learn ,So , not, from?‎ ‎1. How should we really think about our parents?‎ 答案一：Not just on some important days.‎ 分析：回答不完整，不能完全覆盖答题的信息。 不能得分。‎ 答案二：To always remember to think about your parents.‎ 分析：问题是对方式状语提问，而答句则以目的状语形式出现，尽管意思表达明白，但只能得1分。因此，回答句子一定要依据问句的形式和内容答题。‎ 答案三：We should remember to think about your parents.‎ 分析：回归语境不难发现，答句漏掉一个关键词：always.只能得一分。‎ ‎2. Why did the girl dial the phone number twice?‎ 答案：Her parents are old. They can’t be quick to answer a call. She just wants to give them enough time.‎ 分析：问题是一般过去时态，答句也必须在原文的基础上适当调整。这样的作答只能得一分。‎ ‎3. What do you think of the girl?‎ 答案：She is a good girl and care about her parents.‎ 分析：答句是一个并列句，care 应使用第三人称单数形式，给一分。‎ ‎4. 将文中划线的句子(1)译成汉语。‎ 答案一：我总是这样做，当我打电话给他们时。‎ 分析：答案不符合汉语正常语序，给一分。‎ 答案二：当我打电话给他们时，我经常这样做。‎ 分析：答案未将单词always准确译出， 扣0.5分。‎ 答案三：当我打给他们时，我总是这样做。‎ 分析：答案过于口语化，表达不清晰，给1分。‎ ‎5. 将文中划线部分（2）连成一句话。‎ 答案：So, why not learn from her.‎ 分析：答句句末应为问号，扣0.5分。‎ ‎（2009山东泰安）阅读下面的短文，并完成短文后的任务。‎ Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom. They say they can afford these things. But I don’t agree with them. ‎ Waste can bring a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources (资源), we are short of others, for example, fresh water. It is reported that we will have no coal or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move? Think about it. (3) I think we should say no to the students who waste things every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible. ‎ In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent (阻止) waste from happening, for example, turn off the water taps when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. (4) Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best. ‎ 任务1：根据要求答题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)‎ ‎1. List the wastes mentioned in the first passage: (within 15 words)‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. What problems can waste bring? (within 20 words)‎ ‎(1) ______________________________________________________________‎ ‎(2) ______________________________________________________________‎ 任务2：将短文中划线的句子翻译成汉语。‎ ‎3. ______________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. ______________________________________________________________‎ 任务3：请给短文拟一个适当的标题：(within 5 words)‎ ‎5. ______________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】1. ask for more food，forget to turn off the lights ‎ ‎ 2. (1) We’ll be short of resources.(fresh water, coal or oil.) ‎ ‎(2) We’ll have nothing to use and nowhere to move./What can we use in the future and where can we move?‎ ‎3. 我认为我们应该对那些天天浪费东西的学生说不。‎ ‎4. 如果我们都尽力的话，将来有一天浪费就不会发生了。‎ ‎5. Stop wasting/No more wasting 分析：这道中考题形式多样，在同一道题中出现了收集并整理信息、回答问题、翻译句子、拟标题等多项任务。因此，在未读材料之前，应仔细阅读所给任务，做到心中有数，避免答非所问，从而有效的提高做题的效率和准确率。另外，仔细阅读后不难发现，任务1和任务3题后还有额外的附加要求（within 15 words，within 20 words，within 5 words)，考生稍加马虎，答题字数就容易超出警戒线！如多于任务一的作答，考生很易写上: Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom.（共24词）‎ 二、）对照原文，作答适当修改 ‎（2009甘肃兰州）‎ ‎…….At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯). ……‎ 任务2. When you find you make a mistake in the chat room, what should you do?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ 此题考生容易直接抄写原句，而忘记应将人称适当调整，答为：if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended..‎ 附答案：I should correct myself and apologize to those that I have offended.‎ 任务型阅读理解不但考查学生阅读理解的能力，还考查学生写的能力，所谓读写结合。所以在写的过程中就应特别注意书写规范：单词的首字母是否应大写，单词拼写无误，单词的词形、词性，句子的语法准确，时态语态正确，固定搭配等等。在翻译句子时尤其要慎重，结合语境，反复斟酌，努力做到万无一失。‎ 下面是一道满分为10分的试题， 每题2分。‎ Do you think about your parents? “ Yes, of course.” You may answer, “ I buy a present for my mother on Mother’s Day. And I give my father a present on Father’s Day.?‎ Then what about the other days of a year? Always remember to think about your parents. Not just on some important days.‎ I have a friend. She lives alone. Her parents live in another city.‎ One day I went to see her. We had a nice chat. Then she wanted to make a call. She dialed( 拨打电话) the number, but then put the phone down. After ten seconds, she dialed the number again. “ Hi, mom…” ‎ Later I asked, “ Why did you dial the number twice?”‎ She smiled, “ My parents are old. They can’t be quick to answer a call. (1)I always do so when I ‎ call them. I just want to give them enough time.”‎ My friend is a good girl. She is always thinking about her parents. You also want to be a good child, right? (2)why，her, learn ,So , not, from?‎ ‎1. How should we really think about our parents?‎ 答案一：Not just on some important days.‎ 分析：回答不完整，不能完全覆盖答题的信息。 不能得分。‎ 答案二：To always remember to think about your parents.‎ 分析：问题是对方式状语提问，而答句则以目的状语形式出现，尽管意思表达明白，但只能得1分。因此，回答句子一定要依据问句的形式和内容答题。‎ 答案三：We should remember to think about your parents.‎ 分析：回归语境不难发现，答句漏掉一个关键词：always.只能得一分。‎ ‎2. Why did the girl dial the phone number twice?‎ 答案：Her parents are old. They can’t be quick to answer a call. She just wants to give them enough time.‎ 分析：问题是一般过去时态，答句也必须在原文的基础上适当调整。这样的作答只能得一分。‎ ‎3. What do you think of the girl?‎ 答案：She is a good girl and care about her parents.‎ 分析：答句是一个并列句，care 应使用第三人称单数形式，给一分。‎ ‎4. 将文中划线的句子(1)译成汉语。‎ 答案一：我总是这样做，当我打电话给他们时。‎ 分析：答案不符合汉语正常语序，给一分。‎ 答案二：当我打电话给他们时，我经常这样做。‎ 分析：答案未将单词always准确译出， 扣0.5分。‎ 答案三：当我打给他们时，我总是这样做。‎ 分析：答案过于口语化，表达不清晰，给1分。‎ ‎5. 将文中划线部分（2）连成一句话。‎ 答案：So, why not learn from her.‎ 分析：答句句末应为问号，扣0.5分 A ‎ In the sea there are many islands. In its warm water there are some little ones. We call them "Coral islands". ‎ A coral island is very nice to look at. It looks like a ring of land with trees, grass and flowers on it. One part of the ring is open to the water. There is a little round lake inside the island. ‎ If you look into this lake, you will see beautiful coral. You may think they are flowers. ‎ If you look at a piece of coral, you will see many little holes in it. In each of these holes a very small sea animal has lived. These sea animals make the coral. ‎ They began to build under the water. Year after year, the coral grew higher and higher. At last it grew out of the water. ‎ Then the sea brought it into small trees and something else. After some years, these things changed into earth. Sometimes the wind brought seeds to this earth. Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds to the island. ‎ The little seeds grew. In a few years there were plants all over the island. In a few more years there were trees growing there. ‎ So you see, these islands were built little by little. The workers were very small. Do they not teach us a lesson? Can you think what the lesson is? ‎ ‎56. A coral island looks like _____. ‎ A. a round cake B. trees, grass and flowers C. a ring of land D. a round lake ‎ ‎57. There are ______ in the holes in corals. ‎ A. flowers B. little corals C. grass D. sea animals ‎ ‎58. How did seeds of trees, grass and flowers come to the coral islands? ‎ A. The wind and birds brought them to the coral islands. ‎ B. Only the wind brought them there. ‎ C. People brought them there. ‎ D. Fishes brought them there. ‎ ‎59. From the story we learn that ______. ‎ A. Small workers can not do big thing. ‎ B. Only big workers can do big things. ‎ C. Small workers can do big things if they work hard and work a long time. ‎ D. All small things can do big things. ‎ B ‎ Millions of years ago, dinosaurs (恐龙) lived on earth. At that time, the whole earth was warm and wet. There were green forests and they could find enough to eat. ‎ Gradually（渐渐地）, parts of the earth became cold and dry and the forests there died. Then dinosaurs could not find enough to eat. This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out (灭绝). ‎ There may be other reasons that we do not yet know about. Scientists are trying to make more discoveries（发现）about dinosaurs. ‎ We now know that dinosaurs were of many sizes and shapes. Some were as small as chickens, while some were about 90 feet long. ‎ There were also terrible fights（战争）between dinosaurs! They might have happened more than 100 millions years ago. Though no man was there to see any of the fights, we can tell by the animals’ footprints that fights did happen. ‎ ‎60. When did dinosaurs live on earth? ‎ A. Thousands of years ago B. One million years ago ‎ C. Millions of years ago D. Many years ago ‎ ‎61. There are maybe many reasons that the dinosaurs died out, but the writer tell us only ‎ ‎_______ reason(s). ‎ A. one B. two C. three D. four ‎ ‎62. Scientists are trying to ________. ‎ A. find dinosaurs ‎ B. make more money ‎ C. make more dinosaurs ‎ D. learn more about dinosaurs ‎ ‎63. Dinosaurs often fought each other. We know that because_______. ‎ A. their footprints tell us so ‎ B. no man was there ‎ C. someone saw them fighting ‎ D. it happened many years ago ‎ C ‎ Visit‎ ‎Forest‎ Zoo ‎ Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from Northeast of China. The beautiful birds from England are ready to sing songs for you, and the monkeys from Mount‎ ‎Emei will be happy to talk to you. The lovely dogs from Australia want to laugh at you. Sichuan pandas will play balls for you. The giraffes from Africa are waiting to look down on you. ‎ Tickets Opening time ‎ Grown-ups: ¥ 3 9: 00 a.m. — 4: 00 p.m. ‎ Children: Over 1.4m: ¥ 2 except Friday ‎ Under 1.4m: Free 10:00 a.m. — 3:00 p.m. ‎ Keep the zoo clean! ‎ Do not tough, give food or go near to the animals. ‎ ‎64. How much does Mr. Smith have to pay if he visits the zoo with his son of three? ‎ A. ¥3. B. ¥4. C. ¥5. D. ¥6. ‎ ‎65. At which of the following time can we visit the zoo? ‎ A. 8:30 a.m. Wednesday. B. 9: 30 a.m. Friday. C. 3: 00 p.m. Sunday. D. 5:00 p.m. Tuesday. ‎ ‎66. Which of the following can we do in the zoo? ‎ A. To tough the monkeys. B. To give some food to the animals. ‎ C. To go near to the tigers. D. To watch the animals carefully. ‎ D ‎ A nobleman (贵族) was once riding along the road and saw an old man digging in his garden. Beside the old man, on the ground, lay a young tree, ready to be planted. The nobleman called out to the old man, "What kind of tree are you planting there, my good man?" ‎ ‎"This is a fig (无花果) tree, sir," he said. ‎ ‎"A fig tree?" cried the nobleman in surprise. "Why, how old are you, may I ask?" ‎ ‎"I am ninety years old," said the other. ‎ ‎"What!" cried the nobleman. "You are ninety years old, you are planting a young tree now and it will take years to give fruit. You certainly don’t hope to live long enough to get any benefit(好处) from this tree?" ‎ The old man looked around his garden. Then he smiled and said, "Tell me, sir, did you eat figs when you were a boy?" ‎ ‎"Sure." The nobleman did not know why he asked this question. The old man smiled again. "Then tell me this," he said, "who planted the trees from which those figs were picked?" ‎ ‎"Why…why, I don’t know." ‎ ‎"You see, sir," went on the old man, "our forefathers planted trees for us to enjoy, and I am doing the same for the people after me. How can I pay back anything to our forefathers?" ‎ The nobleman was quiet for a moment and said. "You are right, my good man." Then he rode away. ‎ ‎67. The old man in the story was _________. ‎ A. riding along the road B. digging in the garden C. walking in the garden D. growing a tree ‎ ‎68. The nobleman was surprised because the old man _______. ‎ A. was ninety years old ‎ B. was planting a tree ‎ C. was not able to get fruit from the fig tree ‎ D. could live too long ‎ ‎69. _______ planted the trees from which the nobleman picked figs. ‎ A. The forefathers B. The children C. The children D. The noble’s father ‎ ‎70. The old man planted a fig tree, because he wanted ________. ‎ A. to eat the fruit ‎ B. the nobleman to eat the fruit ‎ C. the people after him to eat the fruit ‎ D. his friends to eat the fruit ‎ E ‎ Men are the cleverest and most dangerous animals on the earth. Rats come second. Men kill many beasts, they’ve even killed millions of men since very long ago, but rats kill more men. Rats carry many diseases（疾病）and these diseases have killed and are still killing thousands and thousands of men today in many countries. Rats are dangerous not only in one way. They not only carry diseases into men’s homes, they also eat up men’s food. They eat 33 million tons of grain every year. Men starve（饥饿）because rats eat their food. Rats are clever, too. They have good leaders to tell them the food is terrible when men put poison in it. There are a lot of rats in our cities and villages today. We can go to the moon, but we can not kill all these terrible animals. Is this dangerous enemy too clever and grows too fast, or are we not clever enough and not clean enough? ‎ ‎71. Why are people thought to be the most dangerous animals in the world? ‎ ‎______________________________________________. ‎ ‎72. How do rats kill men? ‎ ‎______________________________________________. ‎ ‎73. How much grain do rats eat in a year? ‎ ‎______________________________________________. ‎ ‎74. How do rats know there is some poison in the food? ‎ ‎______________________________________________. ‎ ‎75. What does the writer want to tell us about in the passage? ‎ ‎_____________________________________________. ‎ F ‎ Children start school when they are five years old in America.（A）In some states they must stay in school until they are sixteen. Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they leave high schools. (B) 在美国有两种学校：public schools and private schools. Most children go to public schools. Their parents don’t have to (C) _______ their education, because the schools receive money from the country. If a child goes to a private school, his parents have to get enough money for his schooling. Some parents still prefer private schools, (D) 尽管它们贵得多。 ‎ Today about half of the high school students go on to university after they finish the high school. A student at a state university doesn’t have to pay very much if his parents live in that state. ‎ ‎(E) But many students work while they are studying at universities. In this way they develop their good working skills and live on their own. ‎ ‎76. 将划线部分(A)译为汉语 _________________________________________ ‎ ‎77. 将划线部分(B)译为英语 _________________________________________ ‎ ‎78. 在(C)的空白处填入适当的词语 ___________ ___________ ‎ ‎79. 将划线部分(D)译为英语 _________________________________________ ‎ ‎80. 将(E)改写为同义句 But many students work while ___________ __________ ___________ . ‎ IV. 补全对话 (每题1分，共5分) ‎ A: Hello. The Rose‎ ‎Hotel. 8l _____________________________？ ‎ B: Yes, please. 82 _________________________ book two rooms for the coming weekend. ‎ A: Next weekend, you say? Well, 83 ____________________________ nights? ‎ B: Oh! Just two. ‎ A: OK. Two nights. From Friday or Saturday? ‎ B: Friday. ‎ A: Friday, the 20th…And do you need single rooms or double? ‎ B: Two double rooms, please. ‎ A: Right. Two doubles for Friday and Saturday, July 20th and 21st . ‎ B: 84 ______________________ a double room, please? ‎ A: Well, it’s 400 yuan per night, with breakfast. ‎ B: I see. Can I book the rooms now, please? ‎ A: 85 ________________________. What’s your full name, please? ‎ B: Rick Smith. ‎ V. 改写句子（5分） ‎ ‎86. We call James Jim for short. (变成疑问句) ‎ ‎________ _______ _________ _________ James for short? ‎ ‎87. It took her two hours to clean the room. ‎ She ___________ two hours ____________ the room. ‎ ‎88. Can you tell me the way to the Palace‎ ‎Museum? ‎ Can you tell me ___________ __________ ___________ to the Palace‎ ‎Museum? ‎ ‎89. Peter made a colorful kite last week. ‎ A colorful kite ___________ ___________ by him last week. ‎ ‎90. I borrowed the book three days ago. ‎ I ___________ __________ the book __________ three days ago. ‎