2020届二轮复习书面表达写作技巧之十九：如何使行文中出现非谓语动词

2020届二轮复习书面表达写作技巧之十九：如何使行文中出现非谓语动词

‎2020届二轮复习书面表达写作技巧之十九：如何使行文中出现非谓语动词 一 过去分词 过去分词用途广，用法活。如果你能够驾轻就熟，它一样可以成为你作文中一道亮丽的风景线。过去分词(短语)在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。‎ ‎(一)过去分词作定语 作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，仅表完成。‎ ‎1．单个过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的前面，表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。‎ The excited people rushed into the building.‎ 激动的人们冲进了大楼。‎ ‎2．过去分词短语作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间为被动关系，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，其“被动”与“完成”的含义可以在从句中表现出来。‎ The computer bought last week doesn't work now.‎ ‎＝The computer that was bought last week doesn't work now.‎ 上周买的那台电脑现在出故障了。‎ ‎[应用体验1]　句型转换 ‎①The letter that was posted yesterday will reach her next week.‎ ‎→The letter posted_yesterday will reach her next week.‎ ‎②The book given to him is an English novel.‎ ‎→The book that/which_was_given_to_him is an English novel.‎ ‎(二)过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语，除了可以用在系动词be之后，还可用于get, become等系动词后面，表示动作，一般不延续。‎ Mary got divorced in 2018, and she had been married to Tom for 8 years by then.玛丽在2018年离婚了，那时她嫁给汤姆已有8年的时间了。‎ ‎[应用体验2]　翻译或补全句子 ‎①我对试验结果很满意。‎ I_am_pleased_with_the_result_of_the_experiment.‎ ‎②吉姆为对老师所说的话感到羞愧。‎ Jim was_ashamed_of what he said to his teacher.‎ ‎(三)过去分词作宾语补足语 常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况：‎ ‎1．过去分词用于feel, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官动词后作宾补。‎ He didn't notice his wallet stolen.‎ 他没有注意到他的钱包被偷了。‎ ‎2．过去分词用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。‎ They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.‎ 他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色的。‎ ‎3．过去分词用于with复合结构作宾语补足语。‎ With the task finished, he went home happily.‎ 任务完成后，他高兴地回家了。‎ ‎[应用体验3]　补全句子 ‎①李博士很高兴地看到他母亲在家被照顾得很好。‎ Dr Lee was very happy to see_his_mother_taken_good_care_of_at_home.‎ ‎②外面的景物被雪覆盖着，看上去很美。‎ The outside sight looks beautiful with_everything_covered_with_snow.‎ ‎(四)过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，用来修饰谓语，说明动作发生的情况或背景。该分词短语相当于一个状语从句；过去分词可用来作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语。‎ ‎①United, we stand; divided, we fall.(作条件状语)‎ ‎[谚语] 团结则存，分裂则亡。‎ ‎②Seriously injured, the soldier was taken to the hospital immediately.(作原因状语)‎ 由于伤势严重，这名战士被立即送往医院。‎ ‎[应用体验4]　句型转换 ‎①When the park is seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.‎ ‎→Seen_from_the_hill,_the park looks more beautiful.‎ ‎②Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.‎ ‎→Beaten_by_the_opposite_team,_the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 补全句子 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)任何对这部电影感兴趣的人都欢迎到位于第三教学楼第一层的学校演讲大厅里欣赏。‎ Anyone who shows interest in the film is welcome to the school's lecture hall, located_on_the_first_floor of the third teaching building, to enjoy it.‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你对这件事感兴趣，让我知道，我会发送给你更多的信息。‎ If_you_are_interested_in_it,_let me know and I'll send you more information.‎ ‎3．如果一直执行，它会让我们所有人受益匪浅，我们肯定会取得明显进步。‎ Carried_out_continuously,_it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.‎ ‎4．它包含由外国朋友所写的关于他们国家文化的文章。‎ It contains articles written_by_foreign_friends about the cultures of their home countries.‎ ‎5．为了解决这个问题，我想制定一项规则，整个班级时不时地集体讲课。‎ To_get_this_problem_solved,_I'd like to set up a rule that the whole class work in groups to give lessons once in a while.‎ 二 现在分词 恰当使用现在分词形式，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意赅。现在分词(短语)在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。‎ ‎(一)作定语 ‎1．单个的现在分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面。‎ Have you got some interesting storybooks for children?‎ 你有一些有趣的儿童故事书吗？‎ ‎2．现在分词短语作定语往往放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。‎ Do you know the number of people coming (＝who will come) to the party？你知道来参加晚会的人数吗？‎ ‎[应用体验1]　句型转换 ‎①The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.‎ ‎→The students who_are_working_in_the_country will be back tomorrow.‎ ‎②The building being built now will be our library.‎ ‎→The building that/which_is_being_built_now will be our library.‎ ‎(二)作表语 ‎　现在分词作表语用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征。常见的有：exciting, interesting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, amusing, confusing等。‎ The speech you delivered is very interesting and encouraging.‎ 你做的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。‎ ‎[应用体验2]　补全句子 ‎①我们学校赢得比赛的消息令人兴奋。‎ The news that our school won the game was_exciting.‎ ‎②和你们这样的人一起工作是令人鼓舞的，我会想念你们。‎ It_is_inspiring_to_work_with_people like you and I will miss you.‎ ‎(三)作宾语补足语 ‎1．现在分词通常作感官动词(watch, observe, notice, see, hear, feel等)、表示状态的动词(keep, leave)或“使役”动词(get, ‎ have, make)的宾语补足语。此时，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者；从时间上讲，它表示正在进行的动作或动作的持续。‎ I hear someone talking in the next room.‎ 我听到隔壁有人在谈话。‎ ‎2．在“with/without＋名词/代词＋现在分词”结构中，现在分词或现在分词短语作介词的宾语补足语。‎ His hair became grey with the years passing.‎ 随着时间的推移，他的头发变得花白了。‎ ‎[应用体验3]　根据提示补全句子 ‎①我们路过她的房间时听到她在唱英语歌曲。(hear)‎ We heard her_singing_an_English_song when we passed her room.‎ ‎②不要让学生整天学习。(have)‎ Don't have_the_students_studying all day.‎ ‎③物价上涨如此快，以至于我们买不起一所新房子。(with)‎ With_prices_going_up so fast, we can't afford a new house.‎ ‎(四)作状语 ‎　现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等。‎ Standing on the top of the hill, you can see the whole city.‎ 站在山顶上，你可以看到整个城市。‎ While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.‎ 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。‎ ‎[应用体验4]　补全句子 ‎①因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。‎ Not_knowing_his_address,_I can't send this book to him.‎ ‎②他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。‎ His father died, leaving_him_a_lot_of_money.‎ ‎③他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。‎ They stood there for half an hour, watching_the_stars_in_the_sky.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 补全句子 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)代表我们学校，我非常高兴告诉你关于这些活动的事情。‎ Representing_our_school,_I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.‎ ‎2．(2018•6月浙江高考写作)此外，我曾在我们学校70周年庆典上作接待员，使我更加自信。‎ What's more, I have ever served as a receptionist in our school's 70th anniversary celebration, making_myself_more_confident.‎ ‎3．他让我等了很长时间，这让我很不高兴。‎ He kept me waiting_for_a_long_time,_which made me upset.‎ ‎4．在我校英文报中有一个“外国文化”栏目，旨在介绍美国习俗。‎ In the English newspaper of our school, there is a column called ‎ ‎“Foreign Cultures”， aiming_to_introduce_American_customs.‎ ‎5．既然已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须为你的目标更加努力学习。‎ Having_realized_that_your_time_is_limited,_you'll have to study harder for your goals.‎ ‎6．当我们查找信息时，我们可以通过触动屏幕来操作它。‎ When_searching_for_some_information,_we can operate it by touching the screen.‎ ‎7．你说的话真的鼓舞人心。‎ What you said is_really_inspiring.‎ ‎8．为了不吵醒那个在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。‎ He spoke in a low voice in order not to_wake_up_the_sleeping_child.‎