上海市嘉定区高考英语一模试卷

上海市嘉定区高考英语一模试卷

‎2019年上海市嘉定区高考英语一模试卷 I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1．（1分）A．Classmates．‎ B． Boss and secretary．‎ C． Colleagues．‎ D． Teacher and student．‎ ‎2．（1分）A．To have a barbecue with her family．‎ B． To go for a ride around town．‎ C． To go to the supermarket in John's car．‎ D． To go shopping with the man．‎ ‎3．（1分）A．The woman should find a spare key．‎ B． They should come downstairs．‎ C． The woman should be more careful next time．‎ D． They should think of a solution．‎ ‎4．（1分）A． To the man's studio．‎ B． To the man's company．‎ C． To the railway station．‎ D． To the subway station．‎ ‎5．（1分）A．Impatient．‎ B． Worried．‎ C． Annoyed D． Regretful．‎ ‎6．（1分）A． He isn't sure．‎ B． He'll go by bus．‎ C． He'll go by train．‎ D． He'll go by plane．‎ ‎7．（1分）A．The concert is very impressive B． She regrets paying for the concert．‎ C． Applause encourages the singer．‎ D． Almost everyone loves pop music．‎ ‎8．（1分）A． The plane's departure time remains unknown．‎ B． The plane will leave at 9：14．‎ C． The man has gone to a wrong check﹣in counter．‎ D． The man has just missed his flight．‎ ‎9．（1分）A．She wants to take more optional courses．‎ B． She thinks the course is wonderful．‎ C． She couldn't understand the professor's lecture．‎ D． She doesn't think the course is useful．‎ ‎10．（1分）A．He eats too much when playing chess．‎ B． Chess is his favorite game．‎ C． He doesn't enjoy chess as much as he used to．‎ D． He won't join the chess club．‎ Section B （15分）Directions： In Section B， you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation， and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎11．（4.5分）（1）A． To run some classes．‎ B． To organize meetings C． To collect information．‎ D． To grow their own food ‎（2）A． To plant these seeds in his garden．‎ B． To get new fruits and vegetables．‎ C． To exchange them with his friends．‎ D． To encourage others to sell their seeds．‎ ‎（3）A． The gardening meeting is intended to share gardening skills．‎ B． People are increasingly concerned with environment and health．‎ C． Those present at the gardening meeting exchange seeds with one another．‎ D． People got together in Washington D．C to discuss the environmental issues．‎ ‎12．（4.5分）（1）A． It is a busy， crowded and booming place．‎ B． It is suffering from increasing crime．‎ C． It is a peaceful， friendly and convenient town．‎ D． It is clean and pretty， but a little bit poor．‎ ‎（2）A． It might lower their wages．‎ B． It will change their way of life．‎ C． It might cost them their jobs．‎ D． It will cause a fierce competition．‎ ‎（3）A． She is going to compete in the Olympics．‎ B． She is an experienced debater．‎ C． She leads the fight against the Wal﹣Mart store D． She works in the local coffee shop．‎ ‎13．（6分）（1）A． Keep comparing options with your family．‎ B． Read product reviews every day．‎ C． Telephone the local store for a discount．‎ D． Make enough investigations．‎ ‎（2）A． To take her time to avoid hasty purchase B． To spend another year looking for a favorite car C． To go to the local car companies to make detailed investigation D． To make a careful comparison and choose an ideal car as soon as possible．‎ ‎（3）A． He is careful but hesitant．‎ B． He is changeable and hasty．‎ C． He is decisive and confident．‎ D． He is fashionable but envious．‎ ‎（4）A． Everyone has his own way to make a purchase．‎ B． One can't make a good purchase without reading product reviews．‎ C． Few people can resist the temptation of ads of newly released product．‎ D． Comparing options when purchasing helps save money in the long run．‎ II. Grammar and vocabularySection A （10分）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.‎ ‎14．（10分）People are being lured（引诱） onto Facebook with the promise of a fun， free service， （1）　 　 realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information． Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send（2）　 　 （target） messages．‎ ‎ Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening． Even if they know what the company is up to， they still have no idea （3）　 　 they're paying for Facebook， because people don't really know what their personal details are worth．‎ ‎ The biggest problem， however， is that the company keeps changing the rules． Early on， you could keep everything private． That was the great thing about Facebook ﹣﹣ you could create your own little private network． Last year， the company changed its privacy rules （4）　 　 many things ﹣﹣ your city， your photo， your friends' names ﹣﹣ were set， by default（默认）， to be shared with everyone on the Internet．‎ ‎ According to Facebook's vice president Elliot Schrage， the company is simply making changes to improve its service， and if people don't share information， they have a "（5）　 　 （satisfying） experience．"‎ ‎ Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money． Its original business model， （6）　 　 involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page， totally failed． Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online？‎ ‎ So far the privacy issue （7）　 　 （land） Facebook in hot water in Washington． In April， Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy． He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social﹣networking sites．‎ ‎ I suspect that whatever Facebook has done （8）　 　 （invade） our privacy is only the beginning， which is why I'm considering （9）　 　 （cancel） my account． Facebook is a handy site， but I'm upset by the idea that （30）　 　 information ‎ is in the hands of people I don't trust． That is too high a price to pay．‎ Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ ‎15．（10分）‎ A． combining；B． analyzed；C． concern； D． tremendously；E． effective；F． applied；‎ G． actually；H． common；I． limited； J． assessing；K． test Getting help with parenting makes a difference ﹣﹣ at any age ‎ New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions（育儿干预）for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age， as in younger children．‎ ‎ There is a dominant view among scientists and policy﹣makers． They believes， for the greatest effect， interventions need to be （1）　 　 early in life， when children's brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible． However， according to the new research， it's time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting， and just continue helping children in need of all ages．‎ ‎ Just published in Child Development， the study is one of the first to （2）　 　 this age assumption． Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems， but studies of age effects have produced different results until now．‎ ‎ A team led by Professor Frances Fardner （3）　 　 data from over 15，000families from all over the world， and found no evidence that earlier is better． Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems． There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful． This was based on （4）　 　 data from more than 150 different experiments．‎ ‎ What's more， their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were（5）　 　 more likely to be cost﹣effective．‎ ‎ Professor Gardner commented： "When there is（6）　 　 about behavioral difficulties in younger children， our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention， otherwise， children and families will suffer for longer．" She continued， "As for （7）　 　 parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood， we should stick to the ‎ principle， ‘it's never too early， never too late'， rather than ‘earlier is better'．"‎ ‎ The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties， because they are no more likely to be （8）　 　 in younger than older children， at least in the pre﹣adolescents．‎ ‎ Of course， there's more work to be done． The experiments conducted were （9）　 　 to pre﹣adolescents， to shorter﹣term effects， and parent﹣reported assessment of child outcomes． Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents， longer﹣term outcomes， and using multiple sources for （10）　 　 child behavior problems．‎ III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ ‎16．（15分）Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary three that is distinct from the one that led to humans． But they constantly astonish researchers with （1）　 　 behavior that seems pretty highly evolved． Their social organization and （2）　 　 practices could have been the model for the phrase "It takes a village．" A dominant male and female breed， and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren't free to breed themselves．‎ ‎ A new study further （3）　 　 the marmoset's reputation for admirable community values． Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones（4）　 　 than when they're surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members． In complex societies where individuals band together for （5）　 　 protection， researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior． But specific acts， like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀）with a begging baby marmoset， seem to need more（6）　 　 explanation．‎ ‎ One possibility is that an individual practices （7）　 　 as a means of enhancing his status among peers． By （8）　 　 that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away， this do﹣gooder enhances his power within the group． That， in turn， may（9）　 　 prospective mates． The other explanation for charitable behavior （10）　 　 that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership， which offers some future promise of a chance to mate． Failure to share would result in exclusion from the ‎ group and a loss of （11）　 　 partners． Scientists call this the "pay to stay" model． Importantly， for both of these models to work， acts of kindness must have a（n）（12）　 　． That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings； away from judging eyes， a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself． And yet， in 2，581 tests conducted with 31adult and 14baby marmosets， the （13）　 　 appeared to be true．‎ ‎ Anthropologists（人类学家）from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often ，in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd， an adult would share his or her cricket． When alone with a baby begging for a taste， adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time． When in a group， caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time． "Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or（14）　 　avoidance，" the study author reported． "Rather， it is driven by a deep﹣down motivation to help that is more（15）　 　expressed when individuals are alone with young．"‎ ‎（1）A． animal B． careful C． social D． individual ‎（2）A． evolving B． communicating C． organizing D． parenting ‎（3）A． shines B． damages C． affects D． protects ‎（4）A． at play B． in private C． on schedule D． by accident ‎（5）A． adequate B． effective C． continual D． mutual ‎（6）A． creative B． complex C． specific D． official ‎（7）A． generosity B． wisdom C． independence D． governance ‎（8）A． promising B． demonstrating C． pretending D． explaining ‎（9）A． count on B． go after C． appeal to D． benefit from ‎（10）A． assumes B． confirms C． enhances D． concludes ‎（11）A． regular B． dominant C． potential D． previous ‎（12）A． atmosphere B． audience C． feedback D． judge ‎（13）A． statistics B． expectations C． argument D． opposite ‎（14）A． responsibility B． punishment C． arrangement D． difficulty ‎（15）A． strongly B． casually C． delicately D． fearlessly Section B （22分）Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎17．（8分）One day a little boy， annoyed by his father's decision for him to become a grocer， decides that he will never grow up． Grocery is a dull job and staying a child is his protest against it． This strange little boy﹣man， never separated from a tin drum he is always banging， is our hero of the table． It covers three crucial decades of 20th century history． Little Oscar Matzerath will experience love， war and imprisonment in a story that paints an unforgettable picture of Central Europe between 1923 and 1954．‎ ‎ This is an overview of the story of The Tin Drum， the most famous work by the German Nobel﹣winning author Günter Grass， who passed away on April 13 at the age of 87． The Tin Drum also established Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany． It also set a high bar of comparison for all of his following works． Just as his best﹣known fiction is both the story of an individual and of an age， so it is that Grass' life cannot be understood without referring to the history of Germany． He was called "Germany's conscience"， because he reminded Germans of a past during the Second World War （1933﹣1945）that many would have rather forgotten．‎ ‎ This sometimes made him unpopular． Many Germans did not agree in 1989 when he said that East Germany and West Germany should remain separate， as a united country would be too strong and threaten the world's peace． And Grass was called a hypocrite when he revealed in his memoir ‎ Peeling the Onion （2006）that he had been a teenage member of the Waffen﹣SS， the Nazi （纳粹）‎ Party's fighting force． The man who had blamed the actions of others had a less﹣than﹣perfect record himself．‎ ‎ Grass was a man of the pen and the page and also a man with a gift for speaking to the ‎ public．‎ ‎ His writing was noisy and annoying， but one had to listen to it， a little like the sound of the drum banged by his most famous literary creation．‎ ‎（1）In The Tin Drum， the hero　 　．‎ A． decides he will never grow up to escape from the war B． doesn't want to become a grocer as his father expects C． refuses to be separated from the tin drum he is playing D． has an unforgettable experience involving love and hatred ‎（2）What does the underlined word "hypocrite" mean？　 　‎ A． Someone who has justice on his side and pursues perfection．‎ B． Someone who enjoys blaming others for their own mistakes．‎ C． Someone who is unwilling to believe there is good in people．‎ D． Someone who pretends to be more virtuous than one really is．‎ ‎（3）It can be inferred from the article that　 　．‎ A． Oscar Matzerath's stories were modeled on Grass's own childhood life B． critics applauded Grass's argument for continued separation of Germany C． Grass's life and works can be best understood from a historical perspective D． no other writer in Germany could be Grass's equal in perfect personal record ‎（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the article？　 　‎ A． To analyze what has made The Tin Drum so popular in Germany．‎ B． To introduce the readers to Günter Grass and his most famous work．‎ C． To present the history of Germany through the pen and page of Grass．‎ D． To give some background information about Grass's early life as a writer．‎ ‎18．（6分）Bees in a colony work with each other to gather food， and they try to find the most nectar （花蜜）in the least amount of time possible． A small number of bees work as searchers， but when a good flower patch （花丛） is found， how do they tell other bees where to find it？‎ ‎ Bees communicate flower location using special dances inside the hive， where bees live． One bee dances while the other bees watch． The dancing bee smells like the flower patch，‎ ‎ and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered． Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch． Bees use two different kinds of dances to communicate information： the waggle （摇摆） dance and the circle dance．‎ ‎ Waggle dance ‎ The waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location： the distance and the direction away from the hive．‎ ‎ A． Distance ‎ The dancing bee waggles back and forth as she moves forward in a straight line， then circles around to repeat the dance． The length of the middle line， called the waggle run， shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch．‎ ‎ B． Direction ‎ Bees know which way is up and which way is down inside their hive， and they use this to show direction． How？ Bees dance with the waggle run at a specific angle away from straight up． Outside the hive， bees look at the position of the sun， and fly at the same angle away from the sun．‎ ‎ Circle dance ‎ The circle dance tells the watching bees only one thing about the flower patch's location： that it is somewhere close to the hive．‎ ‎ In this dance， the bee walks in a circle， turns around， then walks the same circle in the opposite direction． Sometimes， the bee includes a little waggle as she's turning around． The duration of this waggle is thought to indicate the quality of the flower patch．‎ ‎（1）Why does the searcher give the watching bees a taste of the nectar？　 　‎ A． To inform them of the distance of the flower．‎ B． To celebrate her success of finding the nectar．‎ C． To motivate them to collect the nectar．‎ D． To ensure the bees find the right patch．‎ ‎（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE about the dances？　 　‎ A． The searcher's waggle means little during the circle dance．‎ B． The waggle dance indicates the direction of the flower patch．‎ C． The waggle dance shows precisely how far the flower patch is．‎ D． The quality of the flower patch is not shown in the circle dance．‎ ‎（3）If the searcher dances inside the hive in this way（see the right picture）， which of the following is the WRONG flying direction for the other bees？　 　‎ A． ‎ B． ‎ ‎ C． ‎ ‎ D． ‎ ‎19．（8分）Earth's geologic ages﹣﹣﹣time periods defined by evidence in rock layers﹣﹣﹣﹣typically last more than three million years． We're barely 11，500 years into the current age ，the Holocene． But a new paper argues that we've already entered a new one﹣the Anthropocene， or "new man"， age．‎ ‎ The name isn't brand﹣new． Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen， a co﹣author of the paper， coined it in 2002 to reflect the changes since the industrial revolution． The paper， however ， is part of new push to formalize the Anthropocene age．‎ ‎ Recent human impacts have been so great that they'll result in an obvious boundary （界限 ） in Earth's rock layer， the author's say． "We are so skilled at using energy and exploiting the environment that we are now a defining force in the geological process on the surface of the Earth，" said co﹣author Jan Zala， a geologist with the University of Leicester in the UK． Even so， it could take years or even decades for the International Union of Geological Science to formalize the new age．‎ ‎ If the concept of the Anthropocene age is to be formalized ， scientists will first have to identify and define a boundary line ，or marker， that's set in stone． "The key thing is thinking about how﹣thousands of years in the future﹣﹣﹣geologist might come back and actually recognize in the deposit in the UK．" It's not as straightforward as you might think． The market has to be very precise， and it has to be recognized in many different parts of the world，" said Haywood， who wasn't involved in the new study．‎ ‎ One candidate for the market is the distinctive radioactive signature left by atom bomb tests， which began in 1945． "The fallout （沉降 ） is basically across the world，" Haywood said． In a similar way， scientists used traces of the element iridium （铱） left by shooting star strikes to help define the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods﹣﹣﹣the time of the great dinosaur extinctions．‎ ‎ The push for a formal declaration of the Anthropocene age is about more than just scientific curiosity． The move the scientists write in the last issue of the journal Environmental Science & Technology， "might be used as encouragement to slow carbon emissions and biodiversity（生物多样性）loss" or " as evidence on protection measures" Just as Haywood said， by underlining how much we're changing the environment， the formalization would be "a very powerful statement"．‎ ‎（1）Which of the following is TRUE about the new paper？　 　‎ A． It denies the existence of the Holocene age．‎ B． It documents the recent human impacts on earth．‎ C． It pushes for the formalization of the Anthropocene age．‎ D． It serves as a warning against the current mineral exploitation．‎ ‎（2）Haywood's words in paragraph 4indicate that　 　．‎ A． the key to formalizing the new age is to find a deposit record set in stone B． the marker has to appear in various places globally to be considered valid C． finding a marker is a straightforward way to define the beginning of an age D． future geologists may find it hard to recognize the markers we choose today ‎（3）What can you infer from the passage？　 　‎ A． The element iridium may work as a marker for the Anthropocene age．‎ B． The Nobel Prize winner Crutzen invented the name Holocene in 2002．‎ C． The formalization of the new age may send a message for eco﹣protection．‎ D Human activities have resulted from the change of boundaries in rock layers．‎ ‎（4）What is the best title for the passage？　 　‎ A． Humans Are Destroying the Earth， Geologists Warn B． Too Early to Set Things in Stone， Authorities Say C． More Evidence Is Needed， Universities Require D． A New Earth Age May Begin， Scientists Argue Section C （8分）Directions： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ ‎20．（8分）‎ A． She is perfectly made for doing what she does， it seems．‎ B． Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us．‎ C What she did was really beyond our imagination．‎ D． It seems that many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the image of a ‎ parent．‎ E． And most of us would prefer it to remain that way．‎ F． Many adventurers have amazed the world with their extraordinary skills．‎ Why do some people feel obliged to do the craziest things， while most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV？ Robin Styles ponders（考虑）this question．‎ ‎ Generally， we love to watch someone's bravery and drama﹣﹣a single person against the wilds of nature， testing their endurance beyond belief． And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk﹣free life， where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour． （1）　 　However， there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance， if you should wish to do so， by attempting something unpleasant， uncomfortable or just plain dangerous．‎ ‎ American Lynne Cox swims in sub﹣zero temperatures through the planet's most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit﹣﹣for fun! According to Lynne， there is always something driving her on． At age 9， when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day， a violent storm blew up， but she refused to get out of the pool． Something make her carry on． Then she realized that， as the water got colder and rougher， she was actually getting faster and warmer， and she was really enjoying it． At age 14， she broke her first endurance record． Years later， experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat， like a seal． （2）　 　．‎ ‎ The famous British explorer， Sir Ranulph Fiennes， has led many major expeditions （远征） in the extreme cold， including walking right round the Arctic Circle． He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat， and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert． （3）　 　Sir Fiennes has said， "If I am getting sick， I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it．"‎ ‎ （4）　 　There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer． Unsurprisingly， risk﹣takers tend to be single﹣minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer． They tend to take risks for the "fun" of it． The excitement becomes addictive， and they want more and more of it． Ordinary life seems boring in comparison．‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎ ‎21．（10分）Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．‎ Take care of your spine （脊柱）‎ ‎ The spine stands at the center of your health， providing your body with structure and support． It also contains your spinal cord， a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain． Since your spine is so central to your health， it's important to look after it．‎ ‎ Maintaining good posture （姿势） is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy． Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight， except for its natural curves． Posture comes into play even when you're asleep． Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions． Staying still for too long﹣even if your posture is good﹣can be hard on your back． Especially if you work at a desk most of the day， it's important to get up and stretch periodically．‎ ‎ Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine． Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement． Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine． However， don't overdo the exercise， as repeated motions can stain the muscles around your spine．‎ ‎ Finally， your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves． In particular， B vitamins and omega﹣3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy， so you may want to consider taking a supplement． Another important factor is vitamin D， which is essential for strong bones． Vitamin D can come from some foods， but it's also absorbed from sunlight， so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside．‎ ‎ Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those used to preserve your health in other ways． So protect our back， and the rest of body will benefit．‎ V. Translation（15分）Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎22．（3分）任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功．（ease）　 　‎ ‎23．（4分）遇到紧急情况一定要冷静，否则可能会造成严重后果．（or）　 　‎ ‎24．（4分）我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异，才能避免误会，与他人建立和谐的关系．（Only）　 　‎ ‎25．（4分）令教练欣慰的是，整个辩论队齐心协力，克服了遇到的各种困难，最终所有的努力都得到了回报．（reward v．）　 　‎ VI. Guided Writing（25分）‎ ‎26．（25分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．‎ 假设你是明启中学的高三学生王蕾．学校正在招募话剧团（drama club）和机器人社团（robot blub）新成员．你在日记中表达获知该消息时的感受，做出选择，并阐述理由．‎ ‎2019年上海市嘉定区高考英语一模试卷 参考答案与试题解析 I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1．（1分）A．Classmates．‎ B． Boss and secretary．‎ C． Colleagues．‎ D． Teacher and student．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎2．（1分）A．To have a barbecue with her family．‎ B． To go for a ride around town．‎ C． To go to the supermarket in John's car．‎ D． To go shopping with the man．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎3．（1分）A．The woman should find a spare key．‎ B． They should come downstairs．‎ C． The woman should be more careful next time．‎ D． They should think of a solution．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎4．（1分）A． To the man's studio．‎ B． To the man's company．‎ C． To the railway station．‎ D． To the subway station．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎5．（1分）A．Impatient．‎ B． Worried．‎ C． Annoyed D． Regretful．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎6．（1分）A． He isn't sure．‎ B． He'll go by bus．‎ C． He'll go by train．‎ D． He'll go by plane．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎7．（1分）A．The concert is very impressive B． She regrets paying for the concert．‎ C． Applause encourages the singer．‎ D． Almost everyone loves pop music．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎8．（1分）A． The plane's departure time remains unknown．‎ B． The plane will leave at 9：14．‎ C． The man has gone to a wrong check﹣in counter．‎ D． The man has just missed his flight．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎9．（1分）A．She wants to take more optional courses．‎ B． She thinks the course is wonderful．‎ C． She couldn't understand the professor's lecture．‎ D． She doesn't think the course is useful．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎10．（1分）A．He eats too much when playing chess．‎ B． Chess is his favorite game．‎ C． He doesn't enjoy chess as much as he used to．‎ D． He won't join the chess club．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 Section B （15分）Directions： In Section B， you will hear two short passages and a longer ‎ conversation， and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎11．（4.5分）（1）A． To run some classes．‎ B． To organize meetings C． To collect information．‎ D． To grow their own food ‎（2）A． To plant these seeds in his garden．‎ B． To get new fruits and vegetables．‎ C． To exchange them with his friends．‎ D． To encourage others to sell their seeds．‎ ‎（3）A． The gardening meeting is intended to share gardening skills．‎ B． People are increasingly concerned with environment and health．‎ C． Those present at the gardening meeting exchange seeds with one another．‎ D． People got together in Washington D．C to discuss the environmental issues．‎ ‎【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎12．（4.5分）（1）A． It is a busy， crowded and booming place．‎ B． It is suffering from increasing crime．‎ C． It is a peaceful， friendly and convenient town．‎ D． It is clean and pretty， but a little bit poor．‎ ‎（2）A． It might lower their wages．‎ B． It will change their way of life．‎ C． It might cost them their jobs．‎ D． It will cause a fierce competition．‎ ‎（3）A． She is going to compete in the Olympics．‎ B． She is an experienced debater．‎ C． She leads the fight against the Wal﹣Mart store D． She works in the local coffee shop．‎ ‎【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎13．（6分）（1）A． Keep comparing options with your family．‎ B． Read product reviews every day．‎ C． Telephone the local store for a discount．‎ D． Make enough investigations．‎ ‎（2）A． To take her time to avoid hasty purchase B． To spend another year looking for a favorite car C． To go to the local car companies to make detailed investigation D． To make a careful comparison and choose an ideal car as soon as possible．‎ ‎（3）A． He is careful but hesitant．‎ B． He is changeable and hasty．‎ C． He is decisive and confident．‎ D． He is fashionable but envious．‎ ‎（4）A． Everyone has his own way to make a purchase．‎ B． One can't make a good purchase without reading product reviews．‎ C． Few people can resist the temptation of ads of newly released product．‎ D． Comparing options when purchasing helps save money in the long run．‎ ‎【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 II. Grammar and vocabularySection A （10分）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.‎ ‎14．（10分）People are being lured（引诱） onto Facebook with the promise of a fun， free service， （1）　without　 realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information． Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send（2）　targeted　 （target） messages．‎ ‎ Most Facebook users don't realize this is happening． Even if they know what the company is up to， they still have no idea （3）　what　 they're paying for Facebook， because people don't really know what their personal details are worth．‎ ‎ The biggest problem， however， is that the company keeps changing the rules． Early on， you could keep everything private． That was the great thing about Facebook ﹣﹣ you could create your own little private network． Last year， the company changed its privacy rules （4）　so that　 many things ﹣﹣ your city， your photo， your friends' names ﹣﹣ were set， by default（默认）， to be shared with everyone on the Internet．‎ ‎ According to Facebook's vice president Elliot Schrage， the company is simply making changes to improve its service， and if people don't share information， they have a "（5）　satisfying　 （satisfying） experience．"‎ ‎ Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money． Its original business model， （6）　which　 involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page， totally failed． Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online？‎ ‎ So far the privacy issue （7）　has landed　 （land） Facebook in hot water in Washington． In April， Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy． He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social﹣networking sites．‎ ‎ I suspect that whatever Facebook has done （8）　invades　 （invade） our privacy is only the beginning， which is why I'm considering （9）　canceling　 （cancel） my account． Facebook is a handy site， but I'm upset by the idea that （30）　my　 information is in the hands of people I don't trust． That is too high a price to pay．‎ ‎【考点】N6：语法填空．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】文章的主题围绕当下很受欢迎的社交网站Facebook，揭露其将用户资料出售给广告商．而大多数用户并未意识到这一点，因为他们并没有意识到个人资料的重要性．作者的态度和立场非常鲜明，并表示考虑注销自己的账户．‎ ‎【解答】1． without．考查介词，不用意识到他们正在付钱，根据realizing，可知前面是介词，故填without．‎ ‎2． targeted．考查形容词，目的信息，修饰名词message， 故填targeted．‎ ‎3． what．考查连词，what引导的同位语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what．‎ ‎4． so that，考查连词，以至于许多东西都是默认分享，so that 引导结果状语从句，故填so that．‎ ‎5． satisfying．考查形容词，令人满意的经历，修饰名词，故填satisfying．‎ ‎6． which．考查连词，先行词是business model，在定语从句中做主语，故填which．‎ ‎7． has landed．考查时态，根据前面的so far可知填写现在完成时，因为主语是单数名词，故填has landed．‎ ‎8． invades．考查动词，whatever Facebook has done 是主语从句，所以谓语动词填写单数invades．‎ ‎9． canceling．考查非谓语，consider doing sth：考虑做某事，故填canceling．‎ ‎10． my．考查形容词性物主代词，我的信息在我不信任的人手里，故填my．‎ ‎【点评】本题题型为单词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置．通过这些判断，适当改变词汇形式，以符合题目要求．‎ Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ ‎15．（10分）‎ A． combining；B． analyzed；C． concern； D． tremendously；E． effective；F． applied；‎ G． actually；H． common；I． limited； J． assessing；K． test Getting help with parenting makes a difference ﹣﹣ at any age ‎ New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions（育儿干预）for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age， as in younger children．‎ ‎ There is a dominant view among scientists and policy﹣makers． They believes， for the greatest effect， interventions need to be （1）　F　 early in life， when children's brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible． However， according to the new ‎ research， it's time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting， and just continue helping children in need of all ages．‎ ‎ Just published in Child Development， the study is one of the first to （2）　K　 this age assumption． Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems， but studies of age effects have produced different results until now．‎ ‎ A team led by Professor Frances Fardner （3）　B　 data from over 15，000families from all over the world， and found no evidence that earlier is better． Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems． There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful． This was based on （4）　A　 data from more than 150 different experiments．‎ ‎ What's more， their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were（5）　G　 more likely to be cost﹣effective．‎ ‎ Professor Gardner commented： "When there is（6）　C　 about behavioral difficulties in younger children， our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention， otherwise， children and families will suffer for longer．" She continued， "As for （7）　H　 parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood， we should stick to the principle， ‘it's never too early， never too late'， rather than ‘earlier is better'．"‎ ‎ The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties， because they are no more likely to be （8）　E　 in younger than older children， at least in the pre﹣adolescents．‎ ‎ Of course， there's more work to be done． The experiments conducted were （9）　I　 to pre﹣adolescents， to shorter﹣term effects， and parent﹣reported assessment of child outcomes． Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents， longer﹣term outcomes， and using multiple sources for （10）　J　 child behavior problems．‎ ‎【考点】N8：选词填空．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文是一篇议论文，无论在哪个年龄段，父母对孩子的帮助都是至关重要的 ‎【解答】FKBAG，CHEIJ ‎（1）F．考查动词．句意：他们认为，为了达到最大的效果，干预措施需要在儿童早期实施．根据前面的 need to be可知，此处是被动，用动词的过去分词形式．故选F ‎（2）K．考查动词．句意：这项研究刚刚发表在《儿童发展》杂志上，是首批检验这种年龄假设的研究之ー．根据前面的不定式to可知，这里用动词原形．故选K ‎（3）B．考查动词．句意：弗朗西丝法德纳教授领导的研究小组分析了来自世界各地1.5万个家庭的数据．根据文章可知用般过去时．故选B．‎ ‎（4）A．考查非谓语动词．句意：这是基于结合150多个不同实验的数据得出的结论．介词on后接动名词．故选A ‎（5）G．考查副词．句意：更重要的是，他们的经济分析发现，对年龄较大的儿童进行干预实际上更有可能具有成本效益．修饰形容词 likely，前用副词，故选G ‎（6）C．考查形容词．句意：当我们担心年幼儿童的行为困难时，我们的研究结果不应该被用作推迟干预的理由． be concerned about固定短语，"对……担心"，故选C．‎ ‎（7）H．考查形容词．句意：至于减少儿童行为问题的常见干预措施．修饰名词 interventions，前用形容词，故选H ‎（8）E．考章形容词．句意：因为这些干预措施对年龄较小的儿童（至少对青春期前的儿童）并不比年龄较大的儿童更有效．这里用形容词作表语．故选E．‎ ‎（9）I．考查形容词．包意：所进行的实验仅限于青少年前期． be limited to固定短语，"限于"，故选I．‎ ‎（10）J．考查非谓语动词．句意：并使用多种来源来评估儿童行为问题．介词for后接动名词作宾语．故选」．‎ ‎【点评】本题题型为选词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑句子大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置．通过这些判断， 以符合题目要求．‎ III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ ‎16．（15分）Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary three that is distinct from the one that led to humans． But they constantly astonish researchers with （1）　C　 behavior that seems pretty highly evolved． Their social organization and （2）　D　 practices could have been the model for the phrase "It takes a village．" A dominant male and female breed， and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren't free to breed themselves．‎ ‎ A new study further （3）　A　 the marmoset's reputation for admirable community values． Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones（4）　B　 than when they're surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members． In complex societies where individuals band together for （5）　D　 protection， researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior． But specific acts， like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀）with a begging baby marmoset， seem to need more（6）　C　 explanation．‎ ‎ One possibility is that an individual practices （7）　A　 as a means of enhancing his status among peers． By （8）　B　 that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away， this do﹣gooder enhances his power within the group． That， in turn， may（9）　C　 prospective mates． The other explanation for charitable behavior （10）　A　 that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership， which offers some future promise of a chance to mate． Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of （11）　C　 partners． Scientists call this the "pay to stay" model． Importantly， for both of these models to work， acts of kindness must have a（n）（12）　B　． That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings； away from judging eyes， a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself． And yet， in 2，581 tests conducted with 31adult and 14baby marmosets， the （13）　D　 appeared to be true．‎ ‎ Anthropologists（人类学家）from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often ，in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd， an adult would share his or her cricket． When alone with a baby begging for a taste， adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time． When in a group， caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time． "Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or（14）　B　avoidance，" the study author reported． "Rather， it is driven by a deep﹣down motivation to help that is more（15）　A　expressed when individuals are alone with young．"‎ ‎（1）A． animal B． careful C． social D． individual ‎（2）A． evolving B． communicating C． organizing D． parenting ‎（3）A． shines B． damages C． affects D． protects ‎（4）A． at play B． in private C． on schedule D． by accident ‎（5）A． adequate B． effective C． continual D． mutual ‎（6）A． creative B． complex C． specific D． official ‎（7）A． generosity B． wisdom C． independence D． governance ‎（8）A． promising B． demonstrating C． pretending D． explaining ‎（9）A． count on B． go after C． appeal to D． benefit from ‎（10）A． assumes B． confirms C． enhances D． concludes ‎（11）A． regular B． dominant C． potential D． previous ‎（12）A． atmosphere B． audience C． feedback D． judge ‎（13）A． statistics B． expectations C． argument D． opposite ‎（14）A． responsibility B． punishment C． arrangement D． difficulty ‎（15）A． strongly B． casually C． delicately D． fearlessly ‎【考点】M5：科普知识类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文为介绍说明文．文章介绍了科研人员对狨猴的研究发现．它们不断地以看似高度进化的行为让研究人员大吃一惊．‎ ‎【解答】1﹣5 CDABD 6﹣10． CABCA 11﹣15． CBDBA ‎1．C．考查形容词辨析．A． animal动物的；B． careful仔细的；C． social社会的；D． individual个人的．句意：但它们不断地以高度进化的社会行为让研究人员大吃一惊．故C选项正确．‎ ‎2．D．考查动词辨析．A． evolving进化，展开；B． communicating交流；C． organizing组织；D． parenting抚养．句意：他们的社会组织和为人父母的做法可以成为"一个村庄"的模式．故D选项正确．‎ ‎3．A．考查动词辨析．A． shines照耀，显露；B． damages损坏；C． affects影响；D． protests抗议．句意：一项新的研究进一步彰显了狨猴令人钦佩的社会价值观．故A选项正确．‎ ‎4．B．考查介词短语辨析．A． at play在起作用；B． in private私底下；C． on ‎ schedule按计划；D． by accident偶然．句意：研究人员报告说，这些看护人在私下里与孩子分享食物时，比在其他社区成员的注视下更慷慨．故B选项正确．‎ ‎5．D．考查形容词辨析．A． adequate充足的；B． effective有效的；C． continual持续的；D． mutual共同的，相互的．句意：在复杂的社会中，人们为了相互保护而团结在一起，研究人员为无私的行为提出了一些被广泛接受的解释．故D选项正确．‎ ‎6．C．考查形容词辨析．A． creative创新的；B． complex复杂的；C． specific特定的；D． official官方的．句意：具体的行为，比如与一只乞讨的小狨猴分享美味的蟋蟀，似乎需要更具体的解释．故C选项正确．‎ ‎7．A．考查名词辨析．A． generosity慷慨，大方；B． wisdom智慧；C． independence独立；D． governance管理．句意：一种可能性是，一个人通过慷慨大方来提高自己在同龄人中的地位．故A选项正确．‎ ‎8．B．考查动词辨析．A． promising许诺；B． demonstrating证明，展示；C． pretending假装；D． explaining解释．句意：通过展示他在物质方面的天赋，他可以分享一些东西，这可以增强他在团队中的力量．故B选项正确．‎ ‎9．C．考查动词辨析．A． count on指望；B． go after追求；C． appeal to吸引；D． benefit from受益于．句意：这反过来可能会吸引未来的伴侣．故C选项正确．‎ ‎10．A．考查动词辨析．A． assumes假定，设想；B． confirms证实；C． enhances提高；D． concludes总结．句意：对慈善行为的另一种解释设想是，对他人的善意只是团体成员的费用，这为未来提供了一些交配的机会．故A选项正确．‎ ‎11．C．考查形容词辨析．A． regular常规的；B． dominant支配的；C． potential潜在的；D． previous先前的．句意：不分享会导致被排斥在群体之外，失去潜在的伙伴．故C选项正确．‎ ‎12．B．考查名词辨析．A． atmosphere氛围；B． audience观众；C． feedback反馈；D． judge法官．句意：重要的是，要使这两种模式奏效，善举必须有观众．故B选项正确．‎ ‎13．D．考查名词辨析．A． statistics统计；B． expectation期望；C． argument论点；D． opposite．句意：然而，在对31只成年狨猴和14只幼狨猴进行的2581项测试中，结果似乎正好相反．故D选项正确．‎ ‎14．B．考查名词辨析．A． responsibility责任；B． punishment惩罚；C． arrangement安排；D．‎ ‎ difficulty困难．句意：我们的研究结果表明，帮助普通狨猴并不是由声誉管理或逃避惩罚来驱动的．故B选项正确．‎ ‎15．A．考查副词辨析．A． strongly强烈地；B． causally有原因地；C． delicately精致地；D． fearlessly勇敢地．句意：相反，它是由一种帮助他人的深层动机驱动的，这种动机在与年轻人独处时表现得更为强烈．故A选项正确．‎ ‎【点评】本题为科普类完形填空，首先要通读全文，掌握大意，然后仔细阅读，分析每句话的含义和上下文的关联，结合每道题四个选项的含义找出最贴切的选项．‎ Section B （22分）Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎17．（8分）One day a little boy， annoyed by his father's decision for him to become a grocer， decides that he will never grow up． Grocery is a dull job and staying a child is his protest against it． This strange little boy﹣man， never separated from a tin drum he is always banging， is our hero of the table． It covers three crucial decades of 20th century history． Little Oscar Matzerath will experience love， war and imprisonment in a story that paints an unforgettable picture of Central Europe between 1923 and 1954．‎ ‎ This is an overview of the story of The Tin Drum， the most famous work by the German Nobel﹣winning author Günter Grass， who passed away on April 13 at the age of 87． The Tin Drum also established Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany． It also set a high bar of comparison for all of his following works． Just as his best﹣known fiction is both the story of an individual and of an age， so it is that Grass' life cannot be understood without referring to the history of Germany． He was called "Germany's conscience"， because he reminded Germans of a past during the Second World War （1933﹣1945）that many would have rather forgotten．‎ ‎ This sometimes made him unpopular． Many Germans did not agree in 1989 when he said that East Germany and West Germany should remain separate， as a united country would be too strong and threaten the world's peace． And Grass was called a hypocrite when he revealed in his memoir ‎ Peeling the Onion （2006）that he had been a teenage member of the Waffen﹣SS， the Nazi （纳粹）‎ Party's fighting force． The man who had blamed the actions of others had a less﹣than﹣perfect record himself．‎ ‎ Grass was a man of the pen and the page and also a man with a gift for speaking to the public．‎ ‎ His writing was noisy and annoying， but one had to listen to it， a little like the sound of the drum banged by his most famous literary creation．‎ ‎（1）In The Tin Drum， the hero　B　．‎ A． decides he will never grow up to escape from the war B． doesn't want to become a grocer as his father expects C． refuses to be separated from the tin drum he is playing D． has an unforgettable experience involving love and hatred ‎（2）What does the underlined word "hypocrite" mean？　D　‎ A． Someone who has justice on his side and pursues perfection．‎ B． Someone who enjoys blaming others for their own mistakes．‎ C． Someone who is unwilling to believe there is good in people．‎ D． Someone who pretends to be more virtuous than one really is．‎ ‎（3）It can be inferred from the article that　C　．‎ A． Oscar Matzerath's stories were modeled on Grass's own childhood life B． critics applauded Grass's argument for continued separation of Germany C． Grass's life and works can be best understood from a historical perspective D． no other writer in Germany could be Grass's equal in perfect personal record ‎（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the article？　D　‎ A． To analyze what has made The Tin Drum so popular in Germany．‎ B． To introduce the readers to Günter Grass and his most famous work．‎ C． To present the history of Germany through the pen and page of Grass．‎ D． To give some background information about Grass's early life as a writer．‎ ‎【考点】O2：故事类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文主要讲述 Grass 在自己的著作中写了自己永远不会忘记的生活，以及介绍了他的主要作品．‎ ‎【解答】1．B．细节理解题．根据第一 段One day a little boy， disgusted by his father's decision to become a grocer， decides that he will never grow up 可知有一天，一个小男孩因父亲决定成为一名杂货商而感到厌恶，决定永远不会长大，说明他拒绝长大的原因是不想按照父亲的想法成为杂货商，故选B．‎ ‎2．D．词义猜测题．根据上下文内容可知， And Grass was called a hypocrite when he revealed in his memoir句意为当 Grass 在回忆录中透露时，他被称为伪君子．D，假装比一个人更善良的人．故选D．‎ ‎3．C．推理判断题．根据第二段Just as his best﹣known fiction is both the story of an individual and of an age， so it is that Grass' life cannot be understood without referring to the history of Germany．可以推测出，从历史的角度来看，Grass 的生活和作品可以得到最好的理解．故选C．‎ ‎4．D．推理判断题．阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了Grass 在自己的著作中写了自己永远不会忘记的生活，以及介绍了他的主要作品．故目的是告诉我们关于格拉斯作为作家的早期生活的背景信息．故选D．‎ ‎【点评】考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．‎ ‎18．（6分）Bees in a colony work with each other to gather food， and they try to find the most nectar （花蜜）in the least amount of time possible． A small number of bees work as searchers， but when a good flower patch （花丛） is found， how do they tell other bees where to find it？‎ ‎ Bees communicate flower location using special dances inside the hive， where bees live． One bee dances while the other bees watch． The dancing bee smells like the flower patch， and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered． Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch． Bees use two different kinds of dances to communicate information： the waggle （摇摆） dance and the circle dance．‎ ‎ Waggle dance ‎ The waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location： the distance and the direction away from the hive．‎ ‎ A． Distance ‎ The dancing bee waggles back and forth as she moves forward in a straight line， then circles around to repeat the dance． The length of the middle line， called the waggle run， shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch．‎ ‎ B． Direction ‎ Bees know which way is up and which way is down inside their hive， and they use this to show direction． How？ Bees dance with the waggle run at a specific angle away from straight up． Outside the hive， bees look at the position of the sun， and fly at the same angle away from the sun．‎ ‎ Circle dance ‎ The circle dance tells the watching bees only one thing about the flower patch's location： that it is somewhere close to the hive．‎ ‎ In this dance， the bee walks in a circle， turns around， then walks the same circle in the opposite direction． Sometimes， the bee includes a little waggle as she's turning around． The duration of this waggle is thought to indicate the quality of the flower patch．‎ ‎（1）Why does the searcher give the watching bees a taste of the nectar？　D　‎ A． To inform them of the distance of the flower．‎ B． To celebrate her success of finding the nectar．‎ C． To motivate them to collect the nectar．‎ D． To ensure the bees find the right patch．‎ ‎（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE about the dances？　B　‎ A． The searcher's waggle means little during the circle dance．‎ B． The waggle dance indicates the direction of the flower patch．‎ C． The waggle dance shows precisely how far the flower patch is．‎ D． The quality of the flower patch is not shown in the circle dance．‎ ‎（3）If the searcher dances inside the hive in this way（see the right picture）， which of the following is the WRONG flying direction for the other bees？　C　‎ A． ‎ B． ‎ ‎ C． ‎ ‎ D． ‎ ‎【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】蜂群中的蜜蜂相互合作采集食物，他们尽量在最短的时间内找到最多的花蜜．一小部分蜜蜂充当搜寻者，但是当发现一个好的花斑时，他们怎么分辨呢？其他蜜蜂在哪里？它们是如何分工的？‎ ‎【解答】1．D 细节理解题．根据第一段A small number of bees work as searchers， but when a good flower patch （花丛） is found， how do they tell other bees where to find ‎ it？一小部分蜜蜂充当搜寻者，但是当发现一个好的花斑时，他们怎么分辨呢？其他蜜蜂在哪里？可知是为了确保蜜蜂找到合适的花丛，故选D．‎ ‎2．B 细节理解题．根据wage dace下面A．distance中 The length of the middle line， called the waggle run， shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch．中线的长度被称为"摇摆"，大致显示出它离花丛有多远，可知摇摆的舞蹈指示着花丛的方向．故选B．‎ ‎3．C 细节理解题．根据最后三段可知蜜蜂是利用日光的位置来确定方向的，传递信息的蜜蜂是通过太阳、蜜源和蜂巢的位置来定位的．蜜蜂在跳舞时，头朝太阳的方向，表示应向太阳的方向寻找蜜蜂．若是头向下垂，背着太阳的方向，则表示蜜源与太阳的方向相反．如果蜜蜂的头部与太阳的方向偏左形成一定的角，表示蜜源在太阳的左侧有相应的夹角，如此往复旋转，方向准确无误．故选C ‎【点评】此类题型主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．细节理解题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，所以在做细节理解题时要结合原文和提干有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，再结合选项选出正确答案．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要联系上下文根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．在做主旨大意题时考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点，确定主旨 ‎19．（8分）Earth's geologic ages﹣﹣﹣time periods defined by evidence in rock layers﹣﹣﹣﹣typically last more than three million years． We're barely 11，500 years into the current age ，the Holocene． But a new paper argues that we've already entered a new one﹣the Anthropocene， or "new man"， age．‎ ‎ The name isn't brand﹣new． Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen， a co﹣author of the paper， coined it in 2002 to reflect the changes since the industrial revolution． The paper， however ， is part of new push to formalize the Anthropocene age．‎ ‎ Recent human impacts have been so great that they'll result in an obvious boundary （界限 ） in Earth's rock layer， the author's say． "We are so skilled at using energy and exploiting the environment that we are now a defining force in the geological process on the surface of the Earth，" said co﹣author Jan Zala， a geologist with the University of Leicester in the UK． Even so， it could take years or even decades for the International Union of Geological Science to formalize the new age．‎ ‎ If the concept of the Anthropocene age is to be formalized ， scientists will first have to identify and define a boundary line ，or marker， that's set in stone． "The key thing is thinking ‎ about how﹣thousands of years in the future﹣﹣﹣geologist might come back and actually recognize in the deposit in the UK．" It's not as straightforward as you might think． The market has to be very precise， and it has to be recognized in many different parts of the world，" said Haywood， who wasn't involved in the new study．‎ ‎ One candidate for the market is the distinctive radioactive signature left by atom bomb tests， which began in 1945． "The fallout （沉降 ） is basically across the world，" Haywood said． In a similar way， scientists used traces of the element iridium （铱） left by shooting star strikes to help define the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods﹣﹣﹣the time of the great dinosaur extinctions．‎ ‎ The push for a formal declaration of the Anthropocene age is about more than just scientific curiosity． The move the scientists write in the last issue of the journal Environmental Science & Technology， "might be used as encouragement to slow carbon emissions and biodiversity（生物多样性）loss" or " as evidence on protection measures" Just as Haywood said， by underlining how much we're changing the environment， the formalization would be "a very powerful statement"．‎ ‎（1）Which of the following is TRUE about the new paper？　C　‎ A． It denies the existence of the Holocene age．‎ B． It documents the recent human impacts on earth．‎ C． It pushes for the formalization of the Anthropocene age．‎ D． It serves as a warning against the current mineral exploitation．‎ ‎（2）Haywood's words in paragraph 4indicate that　B　．‎ A． the key to formalizing the new age is to find a deposit record set in stone B． the marker has to appear in various places globally to be considered valid C． finding a marker is a straightforward way to define the beginning of an age D． future geologists may find it hard to recognize the markers we choose today ‎（3）What can you infer from the passage？　C　‎ A． The element iridium may work as a marker for the Anthropocene age．‎ B． The Nobel Prize winner Crutzen invented the name Holocene in 2002．‎ C． The formalization of the new age may send a message for eco﹣protection．‎ D Human activities have resulted from the change of boundaries in rock layers．‎ ‎（4）What is the best title for the passage？　D　‎ A． Humans Are Destroying the Earth， Geologists Warn B． Too Early to Set Things in Stone， Authorities Say C． More Evidence Is Needed， Universities Require D． A New Earth Age May Begin， Scientists Argue ‎【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文主要讲述了科学家们认为，新的地球时代可能开始．‎ ‎【解答】答案：1﹣4CBCD ‎1．C．细节理解题．根据第二段But a new paper argues that we've already entered a new one﹣the Anthropocene， or "new man"， age．可知但是一篇新的论文认为我们已经进入了一个新的时代，即人类世，或"新人类"．由此可见，它推动了人类世的形式化．故选C．‎ ‎2．B．细节理解题．根据第四段 "The key thing is thinking about how﹣thousands of years in the future﹣﹣﹣geologist might come back and actually recognize in the deposit in the UK．" It's not as straightforward as you might think． The market has to be very precise， and it has to be recognized in many different parts of the world，" said Haywood， who wasn't involved in the new study．可知海伍德说："关键是考虑到未来数千年的发展，地质学家可能会回来在英国的矿床中进行实际的识别．这并不像你想象的那么简单．市场必须非常精确，必须在世界上许多不同的地方进行识别．"由此可见，Haywood在第4段中的话表明，标记必须出现在全球各地才能被认为是有效的．故选B．‎ ‎3．C．推理判断题．根据最后一段内容可知，科学家们在《环境科学与技术》上一期的文章中写道，"这一举措可能被用来鼓励减缓碳排放和生物多样性（生物多样性）损失"或"作为保护措施的证据"．正如海伍德所说，通过强调我们正在改变多少环境，形式化将是"一个非常有力的声明"．由此可见，新时代的正式化可能会给生态保护带来信息．故选C．‎ ‎4．D．标题判断题．根据整篇文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们认为，新的地球时代可能开始．故选D．‎ ‎【点评】‎ 做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．‎ Section C （8分）Directions： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ ‎20．（8分）‎ A． She is perfectly made for doing what she does， it seems．‎ B． Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us．‎ C What she did was really beyond our imagination．‎ D． It seems that many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the image of a parent．‎ E． And most of us would prefer it to remain that way．‎ F． Many adventurers have amazed the world with their extraordinary skills．‎ Why do some people feel obliged to do the craziest things， while most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV？ Robin Styles ponders（考虑）this question．‎ ‎ Generally， we love to watch someone's bravery and drama﹣﹣a single person against the wilds of nature， testing their endurance beyond belief． And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk﹣free life， where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour． （1）　E　However， there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance， if you should wish to do so， by attempting something unpleasant， uncomfortable or just plain dangerous．‎ ‎ American Lynne Cox swims in sub﹣zero temperatures through the planet's most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit﹣﹣for fun! According to Lynne， there is always something driving her on． At age 9， when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day， a violent storm blew up， but she refused to get out of the pool． Something make her carry on． Then she realized that， as the water got colder and rougher， she was actually getting faster and warmer， and she was really enjoying it． At age 14， she broke her first endurance record． Years later， experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat， like a seal． （2）　A　．‎ ‎ The famous British explorer， Sir Ranulph Fiennes， has led many major expeditions （远征） in the extreme cold， including walking right round the Arctic Circle． He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat， and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert． （3）　D　Sir Fiennes has said， "If I am getting sick， I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it．"‎ ‎ （4）　B　There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer． Unsurprisingly， risk﹣takers tend to be single﹣minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer． They tend to take risks for the "fun" of it． The excitement becomes addictive， and they want more and more of it． Ordinary life seems boring in comparison．‎ ‎【考点】PF：选句填空．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文讲述了研究发现个体所能承受的责任度取决于结果，人们对于积极的结果比负面的结果更为负责，研究表明我们的大脑会更关心回报．‎ ‎【解答】1．E．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据上文"And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk﹣free life， where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour．"我们的快乐更大，因为我们生活在一个舒适的、越来越没有风险的生活中，最考验耐力的是在高峰时间工作．说明下文是And most of us would prefer it to remain that way．我们大多数人宁愿保持这样的状态．故选E．‎ ‎2．A．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据上文"Years later， experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat， like a seal．"几年后，专家们发现林恩体内有一层完全均匀的脂肪，就像海豹．说明下文是She is perfectly made for doing what she does， it seems．看来，她完全适合做她所做的事．故选A．‎ ‎3．D．考查上下文逻辑关系．根据下文"Sir Fiennes has said， "If I am getting sick， I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it．""费恩斯爵士曾说过："如果我生病了，我会找到一种非常有效的方法来征服它，那就是知道我父亲一定会做到的．"这句话的father和D项的a parent一致．故选D．‎ ‎4．B．考查上下文逻辑．根据下文There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer．可能没有什么"正常"的冒险家．说明上文是Adventurers are clearly different from the rest of us冒险家和我们不一样．故选B．‎ ‎【点评】‎ 此题主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎ ‎21．（10分）Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．‎ Take care of your spine （脊柱）‎ ‎ The spine stands at the center of your health， providing your body with structure and support． It also contains your spinal cord， a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain． Since your spine is so central to your health， it's important to look after it．‎ ‎ Maintaining good posture （姿势） is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy． Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight， except for its natural curves． Posture comes into play even when you're asleep． Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions． Staying still for too long﹣even if your posture is good﹣can be hard on your back． Especially if you work at a desk most of the day， it's important to get up and stretch periodically．‎ ‎ Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine． Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement． Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine． However， don't overdo the exercise， as repeated motions can stain the muscles around your spine．‎ ‎ Finally， your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves． In particular， B vitamins and omega﹣3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy， so you may want to consider taking a supplement． Another important factor is vitamin D， which is essential for strong bones． Vitamin D can come from some foods， but it's also absorbed from sunlight， so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside．‎ ‎ Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those used to preserve your health in other ways． So protect our back， and the rest of body will benefit．‎ ‎【考点】R5：读写任务作文．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】高分句型一：First， avoid poor posture and long﹣term motionlessness whether you're standing， sitting or lying．‎ 译文：首先，无论你是站着、坐着还是躺着，都要避免不良的姿势和长期的不动．‎ 分析：whether引导让步状语从句．‎ 高分句型二：Finally， keep a diet rich in vitamins supplemented with some extra ones if necessary and outdoor back exercise．‎ 译文：最后，如果必要的话，保持富含维生素的饮食，补充一些额外的维生素和户外背部锻炼．‎ 分析：这句话使用if引导的省略的条件状语从句．‎ ‎【解答】How can you look after your spine to enjoy good health？（要点一） First， avoid poor posture and long﹣term motionlessness whether you're standing， sitting or lying．【高分句型一】 （要点二）Second， do some stretching and strengthening exercise．（要点三） Finally， keep a diet rich in vitamins supplemented with some extra ones if necessary and outdoor back exercise．【高分句型二】（要点四）‎ ‎【点评】这是一篇读写类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来． 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．‎ V. Translation（15分）Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎22．（3分）任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功．（ease）　It is impossible for anyone to achieve success with ease．/Nobody can achieve success with ease．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功．‎ ‎【解答】答案：It is impossible for anyone to achieve success with ease．/ Nobody can achieve success with ease．考查汉译英．1． 因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时态；2． it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语 to achieve success with ease；或nobody作主语，即：Nobody can achieve success with ease；3． with ease意为"容易地； 不费力地"．‎ ‎【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．‎ ‎23．（4分）遇到紧急情况一定要冷静，否则可能会造成严重后果．（or）　Keep calm/Calm down in emergency，or it can bring about/cause serious consequences．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】遇到紧急情况一定要冷静，否则可能会造成严重后果．‎ ‎【解答】答案：Keep calm/ Calm down in emergency， or it can bring about/cause serious consequences．考查汉译英．1． "祈使句+or+简单句"是一种句型，表示"如果不怎么样会发生什么事情"，一般翻译成"否则……"；2． calm down意为"（使）平静； （使）安静"；bring about意为"带来；引起"．‎ ‎【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．‎ ‎24．（4分）我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异，才能避免误会，与他人建立和谐的关系．（Only）　Only by learning to respect interpersonal differences/differences between（among） people can we avoid misunderstanding and build harmonious relationships with others．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异，才能避免误会，与他人建立和谐的关系．‎ ‎【解答】答案：Only by learning to respect interpersonal differences/differences between（among） people can we avoid misunderstanding and build harmonious relationships with others．考查汉译英．1．因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时态；2． "only+介词短语"置于句首时，句子要部分倒装，用情态动词can构成部分倒装；3． avoid后接动词时用动名词形式．‎ ‎【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．‎ ‎25．（4分）令教练欣慰的是，整个辩论队齐心协力，克服了遇到的各种困难，最终所有的努力都得到了回报．（reward v．）　To the coach's relief，all the debate/debating team members have worked together/cooperated to overcome various difficulties they met with/encountered/came across，and all their efforts have finally been rewarded．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】‎ 令教练欣慰的是，整个辩论队齐心协力，克服了遇到的各种困难，最终所有的努力都得到了回报．‎ ‎【解答】答案：To the coach's relief， all the debate/debating team members have worked together/cooperated to overcome various difficulties they met with/encountered/came across， and all their efforts have finally been rewarded．考查汉译英．1． 因强调对现在造成的影响或结果，要用现在完成时态，all their efforts与reward之间是动宾关系，要用现在完成时的被动语态；2． to one's relief意为"使某人感到轻松的是…"；meet with＝come across意为"遇到"．‎ ‎【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．‎ VI. Guided Writing（25分）‎ ‎26．（25分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．‎ 假设你是明启中学的高三学生王蕾．学校正在招募话剧团（drama club）和机器人社团（robot blub）新成员．你在日记中表达获知该消息时的感受，做出选择，并阐述理由．‎ ‎【考点】R1：提纲类．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】高分句型一：It is said that the school is recruiting new members of the drama club and the robot blub．‎ 译文：据说学校正在招募话剧团和机器人社团新成员．‎ 分析：这句话使用It is said that句型．‎ 高分句型二： Second， when reading these dramas， I can improve my English．‎ 译文：第二，当阅读这些戏剧的时候，我可以提高英语．‎ 分析：这句话使用when引导的省略时间状语从句．‎ ‎【解答】It is said that the school is recruiting new members of the drama club and the robot blub． 【高分句型一】I like drama club more．（选择）‎ First of all， I am interested in reading most， especially these classic drama， which give me a good understanding of literature and the value of life． Second， when reading these dramas， I can improve my English．【高分句型二】 What's more， acting it out needs ability of acting， which is the most difficult part．I think this club will promote the students' interest in English drama， which in turn can improve our study．（选择的理由）‎ ‎【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．‎ ‎ 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．‎ 声明：试题解析著作权属菁优网所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布 日期：2019/4/18 7:49:48；用户：qgjyuser10050；邮箱：qgjyuser10050.21957750；学号：21985056‎