2020届北师大版高考英语一轮复习：选修8Unit24Society学案

2020届北师大版高考英语一轮复习：选修8Unit24Society学案

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．inequality n．　　　　　　　　 不平等 ‎2．abortion n. 堕胎，人工流产 ‎3．household n. 一个家庭 ‎4．currency n. 货币 ‎5．taxpayer n. 纳税人 ‎6．ownership n. 所有权 ‎7．pension n. 退休金，养老金 ‎8．pregnant adj. 怀孕的 ‎9．format n. 格式 ‎10．leisure n. 闲暇，空闲 ‎11．framework n. 结构，构架 ‎12．feast n. 盛宴，宴会 ‎13．merchant n. 商人 ‎14．collision n. 相撞 ‎15．consumer n. 消费者 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．deposit vt. & vi. 存储，储蓄 ‎2．burden n. 重担，负担 ‎3．vacant adj. 未住人的，空置的 ‎4．resign vt. & vi. 辞职 ‎5．delete vt. 删除 ‎6．choke vi. 窒息，噎住 ‎7．shrink vi. [纵联1] (使)收缩，缩小 ‎8．virtue n．　[纵联2] 优点，长处 ‎9．skip vt. 跳过 ‎10．cast vt. 投下 ‎11．undertake vt. 着手做，从事 ‎12．squeeze vt. 挤 ‎13．fine n. 　[纵联3] 罚款 ‎14．sentence n. 判决 ‎15．abolish vt. 废除 ‎16．moreover adv. 　[纵联4] 再者，此外 ‎ ‎17．furthermore adv.[纵联4] 此外，而且 ‎18．homelessness n．　[纵联5] 无家可归 ‎19．accumulate v. 积累 ‎20．poster n. 海报 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．voluntary adj.自愿的→volunteer v．自愿做n.志愿者 ‎2．abundant adj.大量的→abundance n．大量 ‎3．signature n．签名→sign v．签名；打手势n.招牌；迹象；符号 ‎4．govern vt.统治，管理→governor n．统治者，总督→government n．政府 ‎5．adjustment n．调整，调节→adjust vt.调整，调节vi.使适应 ‎6．elect vt.选举，推选→election n．选举；当选；选择权 ‎7．merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的→mercy n．宽容，仁慈 ‎8．thirst n．口渴→thirsty adj.口渴的 ‎9．consequently adv.所以，因此→consequent adj.作为结果的；必然的→consequence n．结果，后果 ‎10．resistance n．反抗，抵制→resist vi.& vt.抵(反)抗，抵制 ‎11．robbery n．抢劫→rob vt.抢劫→robber n．抢劫犯 ‎12．diverse adj.各种各样的；不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性 纵联1.由shrink想到的动词 ‎①extend延伸；伸出 ②increase增加 ‎③enlarge扩大；放大 ④expand扩大；膨胀 ‎⑤decrease减少 ⑥reduce减少 纵联2.“virtue”相关词汇小结 ‎①optimism乐观 ②modesty谦虚 ‎③bravery勇敢，勇气 ④justice正义 ‎ ‎⑤diligence勤勉 ⑥generosity慷慨 纵联3.“一词多义”小聚 ‎①fine n．罚款 ②fail v．衰退，衰弱 ‎③engage vt.吸引 ④express n．快车 ‎⑤drive v．迫使某人做不好的事 ⑥desert v．抛弃，离弃 ‎⑦caution v．告诫，提醒 纵联4.“再者”过渡词集锦 ‎①moreover再者，此外 ②furthermore此外，而且 ‎③besides况且，再说 ④in addition此外 ‎⑤what's more更有甚者 纵联5.“ness”结尾的名词 ‎①homelessness无家可归 ②uselessness无用，无效 ‎③helplessness无能为力 ④hopelessness绝望 ‎⑤sleeplessness失眠 单元话题——社会生活 子话题1　休闲场所 ‎①store n．商店 ②supermarket n．超市 ‎③mall n．购物中心 ④cafeteria n．自助餐厅 ‎⑤cinema n．电影院 ⑥bar n．酒吧 ‎⑦cafe n．咖啡馆，小餐厅 子话题2　商业管理与经营 ‎①invest v．投资 ②export n．&vt.出口 ‎③import n．&vt.进口 ④negotiation n．协商，谈判 ‎⑤trade n．贸易 ⑥increase n．& vi.增加 ‎⑦capital n．资本 ⑧account n．账目 ‎⑨finance n．资金，财政，财务，金融 ‎⑩decline n．& vi.减少，下降，衰退 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2016·北京高考阅读B)In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers❶ came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare❷ time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of❸ flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless highrise buildings.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：voluntary，加黑词除作名词外，也可作动词，意为自愿 ‎②写出加黑词在本单元的同义名词：leisure ‎③写出加黑短语在本单元的同义词：abundant，该同义词可构成be_abundant_in_...，意为“在……方面充裕”‎ ‎2．(2016·北京高考阅读D)Learning to deal with the social world is equally❶ important. Because a college community (群体) differs from the family❷， many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators❸ to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.‎ ‎①写出加黑词的同根名词在本单元的反义词：inequality ‎②写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：household ‎③写出加黑词的同根动词在本单元的同义词：govern，加黑词的另一个名词形式为administration ‎3．(2014·陕西高考阅读C)According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore❶ spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed❷ between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition❸， he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：consequently ‎ ‎②写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：挤出 ‎③写出加黑短语在本单元的同义词：moreover/furthermore ‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)以下是我的长处。首先，我能说一口流利的英语，所以我和以英语为母语的人交流没有困难。(virtue)‎ The_followings_are_my_virtues.First,_I_can_speak_English_fluently,_so_I_have_no_difficulty_communicating_with_native_speakers.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)你知道中国有丰富的传统艺术形式，剪纸是最受欢迎的艺术形式之一。(abundant)‎ You_know_there_are_abundant_traditional_art_forms_in_China,_of_which_papercutting_is_one_of_the_most_popular.‎ ‎3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)在地球日的前一周，我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入绿色地球的行动。(poster)‎ A_week_before_Earth_Day,_posters_were_put_up_around_our_school,_calling_upon_us_to_join_in_the_actions_for_a_greener_earth.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．burden n．负担，重担 vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)‎ ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)a burden on/to ...　　　 是……的负担 bear (take on)/carry/reduce/share the burden ‎ 承受/担负/减少/分担重担 ‎(2)burden sb./oneself with sth.‎ ‎ 装载……；使……负担……‎ be burdened with ... 负重；为……所累 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①His invalid father is becoming a burden on/to him.‎ ‎②Nowadays students are burdened (burden) with heavy homework.‎ ‎③He took a parttime job in summer holiday to burden himself with his school fees.‎ 完成句子 ‎④There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I'll take_on/bear_the_burden.‎ 尽管前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didn't have time to accompany his family.(过去分词作状语)‎ ‎→Burdened_with_endless_paperwork,_he_didn't_have_time_to_accompany_his_family. ‎ ‎2．undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应 ‎[记牢]‎ undertake＋n./pron.　　 承担……‎ undertake to do ... 着手做……；答应做……‎ undertake that ... 答应……‎ undertake for ... 为……负责 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The team will undertake for this experiment which is important to the whole country's security.‎ ‎②He undertook to_improve (improve) the working conditions and the workers were expecting it.‎ 句型转换/完成句子 ‎③Tony undertook that he would never make fun of his deskmate again.‎ ‎→Tony undertook never to make fun of his deskmate again.‎ ‎④We are supposed to undertake_the_responsibility to lead a lowcarbon life, which is of great significance.‎ 我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2014·湖北高考书面表达)作为社会中的一员，我意识到为创造一个更美好的社会负责那是必须的。‎ As_a_member_of_the_society,_I_am_aware_that_it_is_necessary_to_undertake_for_making_a_better_society.‎ ‎3．abundant adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be abundant in ＝ be rich in　 富有……；……很丰富 ‎(2)abundance n. 丰富 an abundance of 丰富的，许多的 in abundance 大量；富裕 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①The country has great potential in economy partly because it is_abundant_in natural resources.‎ 这个国家在经济方面有着巨大的潜力，部分是因为它有着丰富的自然资源。‎ ‎②If you travel in China, you will see an_abundance_of ancient buildings.‎ 如果你到中国旅行的话，会看到很多古代的建筑。‎ ‎③There is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them ‎ in_abundance.‎ 我们对于原材料的需求日益增长，而有些荒野中就蕴藏着丰富的原材料。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)此外，通过做兼职工作我能获得丰富的经验，这样我就能更好地适应社会的发展变化。‎ Moreover,_by_doing_the_parttime_job_I_can_get_abundant_experience_so_that_I_can_better_adapt_to_the_development_and_changes_of_society.‎ ‎4．resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从 ‎[记牢]‎ resign one's job/post/position　　 辞去工作/职位 resign from ... 从……辞职 resign oneself to (doing) sth. 顺从……；使自己安于 ‎ (做)某事 resign as ... 辞去当……的职务 resign ... to ... 把……托付给……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Mary resigned her pet dog to her neighbour while travelling abroad.‎ ‎②Lots of young people resigned from the company to the small cities because of the higher house price in the big cities.‎ 完成句子 ‎③In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign_her_position_as_manager.‎ 为了照顾生病的母亲，我朋友决定辞去公司经理的职务。‎ ‎④The team refused to resign_themselves_to_defeat/being_defeated.‎ 该队不甘失败。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2014·山东高考书面表达)虽然我浑身是汗并且很累，但我不想中途放弃。‎ Although_I_was_sweating_all_over_and_became_very_tired,_I_didn't_want_to_resign_myself_to_giving_up_halfway.‎ ‎5．elect vt.选举，推选；选择 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)elect sb. to ...　　　　　 选举某人进入……‎ elect sb.as/to be ... 选举某人为……‎ elect to do sth. 选择做某事 ‎(2)election n. 选举；推举；当选 run for an election 参加竞选 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①They have a more than even chance of winning the next election (elect)．‎ ‎②It is said that only two students will be elected to_take (take) part in the coming English Contest.‎ ‎③Before we elect him to parliament, we want to know what he stands for.‎ 完成句子 ‎④He has already stated his intention to_run_for_the_election.‎ 他已声明打算参加竞选。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我精通英语，以至于我被选为英语老师的助手。‎ I_have_such_a_good_command_of_English_that_I_am_elected_as/to_be_assistant_to_my_English_teacher.‎ ‎6．sentence n．& vt.判决；宣判；判刑 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)serve a sentence　　　　　 服刑 pass/give sentence on sb.　 给某人判刑 ‎ (2)sentence sb.to ...　 给某人判……刑(常用被动语态)‎ be sentenced to death/three years in prison ‎ 被判死刑/三年徒刑 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①His family hope he will be allowed to return to the UK to serve_a_sentence.‎ 他的家人希望允许他回到英国服刑。‎ ‎②The driver declared guilty was fined ＄25,000 and was_sentenced_to_3_years_in_prison.‎ 宣布有罪的那位司机被罚款25 000美元，被判入狱3年。‎ ‎③It's reported that the judge passed_sentence_on the murderer on May 18.‎ 据报道，法官于5月18日宣布了对杀人犯的判决。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④He has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.(现在分词短语作状语)‎ ‎→Having_served_his_sentence,_he_will_be_released_tomorrow.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The sad news cast (投射) a shadow over the proceedings.‎ ‎2．Guests can deposit (寄存) their valuables in the hotel safe.‎ ‎3．My sister tries to squeeze (挤) her feet into shoes that are too small.‎ ‎4．To his disappointment, his name has been deleted (删除) from the list.‎ ‎5．Jack was sentenced (判刑) to six months in prison because of family violence.‎ ‎6．The manager was forced to resign (辞职) his position after that serious accident.‎ ‎7．The girl is only fifteen years old, but she has to be burdened (负担) with her family.‎ ‎8．Due to the heavy rain, there were many vacant (空的) seats in the theatre this evening.‎ ‎9．It is said that their government has abolished (废除；取消) income tax for the lowpaid.‎ ‎10．It's reported that this company will undertake (承担) the construction of the new subway.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He is a voluntary (volunteer) worker at the hospital.‎ ‎2．He undertook to_contribute (contribute) 5,000 yuan to the earthquakestricken area.‎ ‎3．The headmaster is merciful (mercy) to his employees.‎ ‎4．This is a good district with abundant (abundance) fish and rice.‎ ‎5．The nonsmoking policy was introduced with little resistance (resist) from staff.‎ ‎6．She was a bright and eager student and, consequently (consequent), did well in school.‎ ‎7．He accumulated (accumulation) a lot of experience in finance while he was working abroad.‎ ‎8．You are more likely to accomplish what you want if you know how to make necessary adjustments (adjust) in a new environment.‎ ‎9．It's a fact that people from diverse (diversity) cultures often have difficulty understanding each other.‎ ‎10．Police are investigating a series of bank robberies (rob) in South Wales.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Because of a serious murder, he was sentenced to die. die→death ‎2．As we all know, Shanxi Province is abundant with coal sources. with→in ‎3．I have to resign myself to stay at home again tonight. stay→staying ‎4．He was elected to be a chairman of the Students' Union at school. 去掉a ‎5．A volcano in Indonesia erupted on November; consequent，hundreds of people were killed. consequent→consequently Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．She got off the bus, burdened_with_two_heavy_suitcases.‎ 她提着两只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽车。‎ ‎2．They undertook_to_finish the task by Monday.‎ 她们答应在星期一之前完成任务。‎ ‎3．As is known to us, China is_abundant_in_agricultural_produce.‎ 众所周知，中国农产品丰富。‎ ‎4．The young man was_sentenced_to_six_years_in_prison for stealing too much money.‎ 那个年轻人因偷了太多钱而被判了六年徒刑。‎ ‎5．Two members resigned_from_the_board in protest.‎ 董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．come_into_being 　　　　　　 形成，存在 ‎2．wind_sb.up_ 故意惹恼某人 ‎3．show_off 炫耀，夸耀 ‎4．knock_into_sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到 ‎5．break_into 闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)‎ ‎6．on_principle　　 [串记1] 根据原则 ‎7．sentence_sb.to_death_ 判某人死刑 ‎8．take_...seriously_ 认真对待……‎ ‎9．be_well/better_off 过得好/过得更好 ‎10．above_all　　　[串记2] 最重要的是；首先 ‎11．do_away_with_ 　[串记3] 废除；摆脱，消灭 ‎12．contribute_to 促进，有助于 ‎13．play_an_important_role_in 在……中起重要作用 ‎14．to_start_with_ 首先 ‎15．take_..._into_account 考虑；注意，体谅 ‎16．keep_an_eye_on [串记4] 注意，留意 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“on＋n.”常用短语大全 ‎①on principle根据原则 ②on average平均 ‎③on purpose故意地 ④on show/exhibition在展出 ‎⑤on sale出售 ⑥on business出差 串记2.“首先”短语聚集 ‎①above all ②first of all ‎③first and foremost ④to begin/start with 串记3.do短语集汇 ‎①do away with废除；摆脱 ②do harm to对……有害 ‎③do one's best尽力 ④do one's duty尽职责 ‎⑤do up重新整修 ⑥do without没有……也行 串记4.聚焦eye短语 ‎①keep an eye on 注意，留意 ‎②have a good eye for 对……有鉴赏眼光 ‎③look sb.in the eye 直视(正视)某人 ‎④catch one's eye 引起某人的注意 ‎1．a huge adjustment 一个巨大的调整 ‎2．keep control over the city 控制整个城市 ‎3．be trapped in a spending circle 陷入一个消费圈子中 ‎4．advertising aimed at children 针对儿童的广告 ‎5．put our signatures on credit cards　 在信用卡上签名 ‎6．change our money into different countries' currencies ‎ 把我们的钱换成不同国家的货币 ‎7．sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings ‎ 睡在街上或空置的建筑物中 ‎8．share the joy and sadness of everyday life ‎ 分享日常生活的快乐和悲伤 ‎1．As a society, it's_high_time_that_we_took these issues more seriously.‎ 作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。‎ ‎2．I'd_rather you didn't mention that.‎ 我宁愿你没有提及那一点。‎ ‎3．What_if some married people have affairs?‎ 要是一些已婚的人有了婚外情怎么办？‎ ‎4．They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made_it_easier to keep an eye on people's movements.‎ 然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块与句式 ‎1．(2015·安徽高考完形)How did we become a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)Above_all/To_start_with ‎2．(2015·重庆高考阅读B)Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers' senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day.(用本单元短语替换加黑单词)keep_an_eye_on ‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词块与句式 ‎(根据汉语及提示翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)首先，热烈欢迎你来北京学习，我相信你在北京的大学生活一定会很愉快。(to start with)‎ To_start_with,_warmly_welcome_to_Beijing_where_you_are_going_to_study,_and_I_am_sure_that_you_will_have_a_good_experience_during_your_college_in_Beijing.‎ ‎2．(2016·四川高考书面表达)夏天让我充满活力，我觉得我有力量做生活中最困难的事情。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ Summer_makes_me_full_of_energy_and_I_feel_I_have_the_strength_to_do_the_most_difficult_things_in_my_life.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．knock into sb.撞上某人 ‎[记牢]‎ knock down/over　　　　 撞倒；打倒；拆除 knock at/on 敲(门、窗、墙等)‎ knock out 撞出；敲击 knock off 减价；中断，停止 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I knocked into an old friend of mine in the park.‎ ‎②Be careful with the little trees, and don't knock them down/over.‎ ‎③Please knock on/at the door before you come in next time.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2015·湖南高考书面表达)昨天下午，我和李明放学后一起回家。突然，我们看见一位老太太被一辆汽车撞倒了。‎ Yesterday_afternoon,_Li_Ming_and_I_went_home_together_after_school.Suddenly_we_saw_an_old_lady_knocked_down_by_a_car.‎ ‎2．show off炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)show sb.(a)round/in/out　 带领某人参观/进来/出去 show up 出席，露面；暴露 ‎(2)(be) on show＝(be) on display　 在展出 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①Mike has only driven to the pub to show_off_his_new_car — he usually walks.‎ 迈克开车来酒吧只是为了向大家炫耀他的新车，他通常是步行的。‎ ‎②The headmaster showed_the_visitors_around_our_school yesterday.‎ 昨天校长带领那些来宾参观了我们的学校。‎ ‎③A policeman put some chemicals on the piece of paper, and a line of words showed_up_clearly.‎ 一位警察在那张纸条上涂上一些化学药品，一行字迹清晰地显示出来了。‎ ‎④A series of agricultural produce are_on_show in this exhibition.‎ 一系列的农产品在本次展览会上展出。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)所有的创意作品将于6月16日至18日在体育馆展出。‎ All_the_innovations_will_be_on_show_from_June_16_to_18_in_the_gym.‎ ‎3．come into being形成，存在 ‎[记牢]‎ come into existence　　　　 开始存在，建立，产生 come into effect/force 生效 come into use 开始使用 come into power 掌权 come into sight/view 看见；进入视野 come into fashion 开始流行 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①When did the term of “newnew people” come into existence (exist)?‎ ‎②The Irish Free State came into being (be) in 1922.‎ ‎③The mountain town came into sight/view as we turned the last corner.‎ 完成句子 ‎④When did this word come_into_use?‎ 这个词是什么时候开始使用的？‎ ‎⑤The electric bike comes_into_fashion because of its unique design.‎ 这种电动自行车因其独特的设计而流行起来。‎ ‎⑥When did the labour government come_into_power in the UK?‎ 在英国工党政府什么时候执政的？‎ ‎⑦The new tax regulation will come_into_effect/force at the beginning of the new year.‎ 新税法将在来年年初开始生效。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑧(2014·湖南高考书面表达)因此，这种新型的鞋子是最近才出现的。‎ ‎ Therefore,_this_new_kind_of_shoes_has_come_into_being_recently.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．What if ...?‎ ‎[教材原句]　What_if some married people have affairs?‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·天津高考)What_if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in?‎ 如果他们长时间谈论一幅你不感兴趣的画将怎么办？‎ ‎(2)(2017·天津高考)—Michael was late for Mr. Smith's chemistry class this morning.‎ ‎—How_come? As far as I know, he never came late to class.‎ ‎——迈克尔今天上午在史密斯先生的化学课上迟到了。‎ ‎——怎么会呢？据我所知，他上课从来不迟到的。‎ ‎(3)—He is fifteen years younger than you!‎ ‎—So_what?‎ ‎——他比你小十五岁呢！‎ ‎——那又怎么样？‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 What if ...？　　　　 如果……将怎么办？‎ how come ……是怎么回事，为什么 So what? 那又怎么样？‎ 注意事项 ‎(1)What if ...可以看作What will happen if ...？的省略形式；还可表示“即使……又有什么关系”，看作是What does it matter if ...的省略形式。‎ ‎(2)how come可以单独出现在对话的语境中，也可以在how come后接语序完整的陈述句。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)In your last letter, you asked me what if you were a guest to a Chinese friend's home.Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2017·浙江高考满分作文)However, what if you don't have spare time for this trip？(要点句)‎ ‎(3)(2017·江苏高考满分作文)How come? We can stay at home and watch films online.It's convenient with our new and faster network.(要点句)‎ ‎2．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎[教材原句]　They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made_it_easier to keep an eye on people's movements. ‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2016·江苏高考)Smartphones make_it_easier_and_more_convenient to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.‎ 智能手机让查看现实、观看视频片段、阅读微博变得更容易、更方便。‎ ‎(2)People in the West make_it_a_rule_to_buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.‎ 西方国家的人在圣诞节时给亲属和朋友购买礼物已成为一个常规。‎ ‎(3)They didn't know the native language, so they couldn't make_themselves_understood.‎ 他们不懂当地的语言，所以他们不能使当地人理解自己的意思。‎ ‎(4)Our English teacher often makes_us_retell the texts, which is beneficial to our English ‎ study.‎ 我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文，这对我们的英语学习有益。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)本句使用了“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to keep an eye on people's movements。‎ ‎(2)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、动词不定式(不带to)等来充当。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2014·辽宁高考满分作文)Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2015·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)We'll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.(总结句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 come into being， break into， above all， sentence sb.to death， on principle， do away with， be well off， wind sb.up， knock into sb.， show off ‎1．The judge sentenced him to_death for the murder.‎ ‎2．The society today offers the young generation more chances to show_off their talent and skills.‎ ‎3．Although he is not well_off,_he lives a happy life.‎ ‎4．Nobody knows exactly when the universe came_into_being.‎ ‎5．I knocked_into the star you had talked about in the town this morning.‎ ‎6．He didn't mean to hurt her, but the way he winded_her_up made her unpleasant.‎ ‎7．He was always late on_principle.His principle was that punctuality is the thief of time.‎ ‎8．People thought that the use of robots would do_away_with boring lowpaid factory jobs.‎ ‎9．I would like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and above_all in a quiet neighbourhood.‎ ‎10．Did I tell you about the time that a thief broke_into my hotel room?‎ Ⅱ.完成句子/一句多译 ‎1．如果下周的数学考试我不及格怎么办？‎ What_if I fail the maths exam next week?‎ ‎2．我记得我向你清楚表示过我不会来。‎ I remember I made_it_quite_clear to you that I was not coming.‎ ‎3．那是那位电影明星最后一次出现在公众面前。‎ It was the last time that the movie star had_shown_up_in_public.‎ ‎4．我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。‎ I_would_rather_you_didn't_do anything for the time being.‎ ‎5．在街上走的时候我遇到了一位老朋友。‎ ‎①I_knocked_into_an_old_friend when I was walking in the street.(knock)‎ ‎②I_came_across_an_old_friend when I was walking in the street.(come)‎ ‎③I_met_with_an_old_friend when I was walking in the street.(meet)‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 在学习、生活和工作中，学会与人合作是良好人际关系的具体体现，如何与人合作呢？请你根据下表中提供的信息，写一篇题为“Being a Good Partner”的英文演讲稿。‎ 为何合作 互相学习， 节省时间和精力 与谁合作 与喜欢的人合作：心情愉快，同甘共苦 与不喜欢的人合作：学会容忍，发现优点 怎样合作 你的观点…… (至少2个)‎ 注意：1.对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；‎ ‎2．词数100左右。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作要求写一篇演讲稿，属于应用文的范畴，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。主要从以下三个方面介绍合作的特点及方法：一是为何与人合作；二是与谁合作；三是怎样合作。要点表达要力求准确全面，避免跑题。‎ 要点1：为何与人合作？‎ Why_should_we_cooperate_with_others?‎ 要点2：与谁合作？‎ With_whom_should_we_cooperate?‎ 要点3：怎样合作？‎ How_should_we_cooperate?‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行升级改造，使之更加完美、地道。如要点1利用as well as清楚地表达合作的原因，引起听众的兴趣；要点2从正反两方面列举与谁合作以及合作带给人的好处，其中可以利用which引导的定语从句， it＋be＋adj.＋不定式， and并列句及put up ‎ with等高级句型及表达；要点3开头使用特殊疑问句引出如何合作，通过列举要点及使用if引导的条件状语从句和祈使句，从而使要点更加具有说服力，同时使听众在潜移默化中学到很多合作方面的知识。‎ 拓展1：合作是我们互相学习的好方法，也为我们节省很多时间和精力。(as well as)‎ Cooperation_is_a_good_way_for_us_to_learn_from_each_other_as_well_as_to_save_us_a_lot_of_time_and_energy.‎ 拓展2－①：我们会很幸运地找到一个我们喜欢合作的人，这会让我们感到很开心。(which引导的定语从句)‎ We_will_be_lucky_enough_to_find_someone_we_like_to_cooperate_with,_which_will_make_us_feel_very_happy.‎ 拓展2－②：很难和我们不喜欢的人合作。(it＋be＋adj.＋不定式)‎ It_can_be_difficult_to_team_up_with_someone_we_dislike.‎ 拓展2－③：在这种情况下，我们要学会容忍他的一些缺点，并努力发现他的优点。(and并列句， put up with)‎ In_this_case,_we_should_learn_to_put_up_with_some_of_his_shortcomings_and_try_to_discover_his_advantages.‎ 拓展3－①：我们怎样才能成为好伙伴？(特殊疑问句开头)‎ How_can_we_become_a_good_partner?‎ 拓展3－②：在我看来，我们应该试着听取别人的意见。如果他犯了错误，试着用礼貌的方式指出来。(in my opinion, if引导的条件状语从句)‎ In_my_opinion,_we_should_try_to_listen_to_others'_opinions.If_he_makes_mistakes,_try_to_point_them_out_in_a_polite_way.‎ 拓展3－③：永远不要把你的想法强加给别人。(祈使句)‎ Never_force_your_ideas_on_others.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 开头说明演讲的主题，用The topic of my speech today ...引出下文；中间列举要点，用到连接词如however, firstly, besides等；结尾用Thank you for your listening！结束演讲。整篇文章一气呵成，要点清晰，衔接连贯。‎ Good_afternoon,_everyone!‎ The_topic_of_my_speech_today_is_“Being_a_Good_Partner”．Cooperation_is_a_good_way_for_us_to_learn_from_each_other_as_well_as_to_save_us_a_lot_of_time_and_energy.‎ We_will_be_lucky_enough_to_find_someone_we_like_to_cooperate_with,_which_will_make_us_feel_very_happy.However,_it_can_be_difficult_to_team_up_with_someone_we_dislike.In_this_case,_we_should_learn_to_put_up_with_some_of_his_shortcomings_and_try_to_discover_his_advantages.‎ How_can_we_become_a_good_partner?_In_my_opinion,_firstly,_we_should_try_to_listen_to_others'_opinions.If_he_makes_mistakes,_try_to_point_them_out_in_a_polite_way.Besides,_‎ never_force_your_ideas_on_others.‎ Thank_you_for_your_listening!‎ 掌握阅读技能之(五)　概括 概括能力要求较高，不仅考查略读文章、领会大意的能力，还考查能从文中提炼要点、并对要点进行归纳、加工的能力。在高考试题中大多会问及短文主题、标题、作者的写作意图、短文的学科分类及读者对象等。‎ ‎ [高考典例1]　2016·浙江卷·C篇 Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something 该段谈到要从科学研究的角度看待儿童的发展，说我们追求科学的态度其实源于我们的儿童时代。由此概括出该段主旨是B项“研究婴儿的游戏或许有助于更好地理解科学”。‎ ‎ out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”‎ Q：What is the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ A．The world may be more clearly explained through children's play.‎ B．Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.‎ C．Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.‎ D．One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2016·江苏卷·C篇 The most recent powerful ， in 199798, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute ( ODI ), however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.‎ Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is related to El harmful effects — and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El ， reducing their losses needs to be the priority.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Q：What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?‎ A．To introduce El and its origin.‎ B．To explain the consequences of El .‎ C．To show ways of fighting against El .‎ D．To urge people to prepare for El .‎