2017中考英语复习教学案语法专项10非谓语动词

2017中考英语复习教学案语法专项10非谓语动词

十、非谓语动词 ‎【考纲分析】‎ ‎1. 中考考纲 : (1) 非谓语动词（动词不定式做宾语、宾补、目的状语）‎ ‎2. 近5年中考非谓语动词的考点及分值分布 年份 题型 分值 考查内容 ‎2012年 单项选择 ‎1‎ to finish ‎ ‎2013年 单项选择 ‎1‎ 不定式的否定形式：(try )not to make 完形填空 短文填空 ‎1.5‎ 动名词 (enjoy ) eating / having ‎2014年 单项选择 ‎1‎ 不定式的否定形式：(In order) not to be late 完形填空 ‎1‎ ‎(for ) disturbing 短文填空 ‎2015年 单项选择 ‎1‎ 不定式的否定形式：(advise) not to leave 完形填空 短文填空 ‎2016年 单项选择 ‎1‎ 不定式：(expect) to win 完形填空 短文填空 ‎【自主学习】‎ ‎ 用所给动词的适当形式填空, 并找出标志词。‎ ‎1. I spent two hours 　　　　(do) my homework last night.‎ ‎2.Satellites are used for 　　　　(learn) more about the earth.‎ ‎3.He finishes 　　　　(wash) at eight o'clock every evening.‎ ‎4.You've worked for 4 hours. Please stop 　　　　(have) a rest.‎ ‎5.She often makes us 　　　　(do) a lot of homework after school.‎ ‎6.Mother always tells me 　　　　(not read) in bed.‎ ‎7.They asked the headmaster 　　　　(speak) at the meeting.‎ ‎8.　　　　 (smoke) too much is bad for your health.‎ ‎9. .It took me two hours 　　　　(finish) my homework last night.‎ ‎10.Thank you for 　　　　(come) to see me.‎ ‎11.I want 　　　　(see) a film tonight.‎ ‎12.Did you see her 　　　　(go)upstairs just now？‎ ‎13.I'm thirsty. I'd like something 　　　　(drink).‎ ‎14.Do you know where________ (buy) this kind of sports shoes ?‎ ‎15.The old man found it difficult 　　　　(fall) asleep.‎ 参考答案 ‎1.doing　2.learning　3.washing　4.to have 5.do　6.not to read　7.to speak　8.Smoking ‎9.to finish　10.coming　11.to see　12.go 13.to drink　14.to buy　15.to fall　 ‎ ‎【教师点拨】‎ 非谓语动词是动词的形式，在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用。不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。分为动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。‎ 考点1 动词不定式 ‎(1) 构成： to ＋ 动词原形， 否定式：not to ＋ 动词原形 ‎(2) 用法：常在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、目的状语和定语等。‎ ‎① 作主语 如：To learn English well is very important ‎.= It’s very important to learn English well ‎ ‎② 作表语 如：My dream is to be a reporter. ‎ ‎③ 作宾语 如：I want to be an actor. ‎ ‎ I find it interesting to play basketball.‎ ‎④ 作宾补 如：The teacher asked us to finish the homework in time. ‎ ‎⑤ 作目的状语 如：He went there to see his uncle.‎ ‎⑥ 作定语 如：Would you like something to drink？ ‎ ‎(3) 常考词组和句型：‎ ‎① 后面常用动词不定式作宾语的词有：‎ would like to do sth ‎ want to do sth (想要做某事)‎ decide to do sth (决定做某事)‎ ‎(乐意做某事)‎ plan to do sth (计划做某事)‎ begin / start to do sth ‎ ‎(开始做某事)‎ Try to do sth (设法做某事) ‎ pretend to do sth(假装做某事)‎ hope to do sth (希望做某事) ‎ agree to do sth (同意做某事)‎ learn to do sth (学会做某事) ‎ need to do sth (需要做某事)‎ promise to do sth ‎ ‎(答应做某事) ‎ refuse to do sth (拒绝做某事) ‎ used to do sth ‎ ‎(过去常做某事)‎ Afford to do sth ‎ ‎(负担得起做某事) ‎ ‎② 后面常用动词不定式作宾补的词有：‎ ask sb. to do sth. (叫某人做某事) ‎ tell sb. to do sth. (告诉某人做某事)‎ allow sb. to do sth. (允许某人做某事)‎ wish sb to do sth (希望做某事)‎ want sb. to do sth. (想要某人做某事)‎ advise sb to do sth (建议某人做某事)‎ invite sb. to do sth. (邀请某人做某事)‎ expect sb to do sth (期待某人做某事)‎ Encourage sb to do sth (鼓励某人做某事)‎ Teach sb to do sth (教某人做某事)‎ ‎③ It代替动词不定式做形式主语和形式宾语。 （it….. to do ）‎ 如：It's useful to learn a foreign language. (It代替动词不定式做形式主语) ‎ ‎ He found it difficult to finish the work by himself. (it代替动词不定式做形式宾语)‎ 注意：It's important for us to study English well. 学好英语对我们来说是重要的。‎ ‎(用介词“for”，表示动词不定式与形容词有主谓关系)‎ It's clever of him to work out the problem. 他太聪明了，能算出了这道难题。‎ ‎(用介词“of”，表示of后面的名词或代词与形容词有主谓关系)‎ ‎④ 特殊疑问词(what， when， which， where， who， how)＋ to do (why 除外)‎ 如：I don't know when to go / where to go / which to buy.‎ She didn't tell me what to do / how to do it.‎ ‎(4) 几个固定不定式的词组，常放在句首，作独立成分。‎ to one's surprise 使某人惊奇的是　　to begin with 首先 to be honest 老实说　 　to tell the truth 说实话 考点2 省to 的动词不定式 ‎(1) 使役动词和感官动词，带动词不定式做宾补时，主动语态时不定式省“to ”, 被动语态时要补“to ”‎ 常考句型和词组：‎ make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 see sb. do / doing sth ‎ 看见某人/做了/ 正在做某事 let/have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 watch sb do / doing sth ‎ 观看某人做了/ 正在做某事 have sb. do sth. 请某人做某事 find sb do / doing sth. ‎ 发现某人做了/ 正在做某事 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事 Hear sb do / doing sth. ‎ 听见某人做了/ 正在做某事 prefer to do rather than do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿 would rather do sth. than do sth. ‎ 宁愿做……而不愿 Why don’t you do …?=Why not do sth.？ ‎ ‎ 为什么不做……？‎ Would / could you please (not) do sth.？ ‎ 请你(不)……好吗？‎ ‎【课堂检测】‎ ‎(　　) 1. What happens when you hear a strange noise at night .or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom ? It often makes us ________. ‎ A. jump B. to jump C. jumping D. jumped ‎(　　) 2. My parents didn’t allow me ______ to the party. ‎ ‎     A. go            B .to go            C. goes           D. went ‎(　　) 3. —Does Mary only have an apple for breakfast?‎ ‎ —Yes. She eats like a bird ______. ‎ ‎ A. to wake up B. to be strong C. to lose weight D. to fall asleep ‎(　　) 4. .It's rather hot in the room. You'd better 　　the windows or the door. ‎ ‎ A. close B. not to close C. don't close D. not close ‎(　　) 5. Paul made a nice cage 　 　　the little sick bird till it could fly.‎ ‎ A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 考点3 动名词 （动词ing形式）‎ ‎(1) 结构： do＋ing ‎(2) 用法： 常在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、伴随状语和定语 ‎① 作主语 如：Doing sports is good for our health.‎ ‎② 作宾语 如：I have finished reading the book.‎ ‎③ 作宾补 如：I found him playing basketball on the playground just now.‎ 后面常跟动名词作宾语的词有：‎ hear/find/see/watch/notice sb doing sth 听见/发现/看见/观看/注意到某人正在做某事 ‎④ 作伴随状语 如：The little boy sat under the tree alone， reading a story book.‎ ‎⑤ 作定语 如：My father is watching TV in the living room.‎ ‎⑥ 作表语 如：My hobby is playing football.‎ ‎(3) 常考词组和句型：‎ enjoy / like doing sth (喜欢做某事)‎ feel like doing sth (想要做某事)‎ keep doing sth (保持做某事) ‎ hate doing sth (讨厌做某事) ‎ mind doing sth (介意做某事) ‎ spend time doing sth (花时间做某事) ‎ finish doing sth (完成做某事)‎ practise doing sth (练习做某事)‎ consider doing sth (考虑做某事)‎ can't help doing sth (禁不住做某事)‎ be busy doing sth (忙于做某事) ‎ be worth doing sth (值得做某事)‎ have fun doing sth (玩得开心)‎ have problems/trouble doing sth (做某事有困难)‎ 注意：所有的介词(in， at， for， of， from， up， about， to)后＋ doing，下列几个词组的“to”为介词 ‎ be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事 prefer doing to doing 宁愿做……而不愿 look forward to doing 盼望着做某事 pay attention to doing 注意做某事 make a contribution to doing 为……做贡献 help oneself to sth. 请自便  ‎ 考点4：非谓语动词易混词组辨析 stop to do sth 停下来做另一件事　　 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 remember to do sth 记得将做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做了某事 forget to do sth. 忘记将做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事 go on doing sth 继续做同一件事 go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事 have sb. do sth. 请人做某事 have sth. done 请人做某事 ‎【课堂检测】‎ ‎（ ）1. So far the exchange program has brought many foreigners to China ______Chinese.‎ A. study B. to study C. studying D. Studied ‎（ ）2. We stopped _________, but there was not any sound. ‎ A. to listen B. listens C. listen D. listening ‎（ ）3. I will try my best to stop my son from _____ the same mistake. ‎ A. make B. made C. makes D. making ‎(　 ) 4. Seeing their teacher 　　 into the classroom， they stopped 　　 at once. ‎ A. walk； telling B. entering； to speak C. enter； to tell D. walking； talking ‎(　　) 5. —Would you like 　　 camping with me？‎ ‎ —I'd like to. But I'm busy 　　　 my homework. ‎ A. to go； to do B. to go； doing C. going； to do D. going； doing ‎ ‎【中考回放】‎ ‎（ ）1. Live or not, a famous American actor, was always expecting ______an Oscar and finally he made it. (2016广东省卷)‎ A. to win B. will win C. not to win D. not winning ‎（ ）2. We advise parents _____ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. (2015广东省卷) ‎ A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave ‎ ‎（ ）3. In order 　　　　 for the meeting， my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. (2014广东省卷)‎ A. not to be late B. not being late C. to be late D. being late ‎（ ）4. —I didn't hear you come in just now.‎ ‎—That's good. We tried 　 　　 any noise， for you're sleeping.(2013广东省卷)‎ A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making ‎（ ）5. It took me two weeks　　reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.(2012广东省卷)‎ A. finish　 B. to finish　 C. finishes　 D. finishing ‎【真题演练】‎ ‎( )1. —What does the sign mean?‎ ‎—It tells us ____________in public. (2016咸宁)‎ A. didn’t smoke B. don’t smoke C. not to smoke D. not smoke ‎( )2 . —What a wonderful match it is! ‎ ‎—So it is. It’s worth ________. （2016铜仁）‎ ‎ A. reading B. watching C. seeing D. looking ‎( )3. The boss asked Tim to go and out if there was anyone else absent. （2016河南）‎ ‎ A. find B. finding C. to find D. found ‎( )4. Though she often makes her little brother ______ , she was made ______ by him this morning. （2016龙东）‎ ‎ A. cry ; to cry B. to cry ; cry C. cry ; cry D. to cry ; crying ‎( )5. We advise parents ______ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. （2016龙东）‎ A. not leave B. not leave C. not leaving D. not to leave ‎( )6. I often hear the little girl ______ the piano in the next room. （2016龙东）‎ ‎ A. practicing playing B. practice to play C. practice playing D. to practice playing ‎( )7. Mount‎ ‎Xiaolei is not far away from here, but it will still take us a few hours ______ there by bike. （2016黄石）‎ ‎ A. getting B. to get C. got D. get ‎( )8. When you are tired, ________ in the countryside is a wonderful experience. (2016孝感)‎ A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax D. relaxes ‎( )9. —I think you should stop ______ him in English.‎ ‎ —I see. He can’t understand English at all. Let me try in French. (2016咸宁)‎ ‎ A. talking to B. to talk to C. talk to D. to talking to ‎( )10. I bought a big box ________ books for kids in poor areas. （2016长春）‎ ‎ A. collects B. to collect C. collect D. collected ‎( )11. The show was so funny that it made everyone ______ again and again（2016济宁）‎ A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh ‎ ‎( )12. How kind you are! You always do what you can ______ others. (2016绵阳) ‎ A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help ‎( )13. —Have you read the book Jane Eyre?‎ ‎—Yes. It’s a famous book and I decide it again . (2016南京)‎ A. reading B. to read C. to be read D. read ‎( )14. We have worked so long. Shall we stop ______ a rest? *X(2016青岛) ‎ ‎ A. have B. to having C. having D. to have ‎( )15. I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered me to watch an opera. (2016天津)‎ A. took B. takes C. to take D. taking ‎( )16. I hope everyone can care about ______ the environment and stop ______ things. ‎ ‎(2016西宁)‎ A. protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste ‎ C. protect; wasting D. protect; to waste ‎( )17. I can't tell you what she said．I've promised ______ it a secret．（2016上海）‎ ‎ A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept ‎( )18. Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading .‎ ‎ (2016苏州)‎ A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing ‎（ ）19. The traffic signs warn people after drinking. (2015青岛)‎ A. to drive B. not to drive C. driving D. don’t drive ‎（ ）20. His uncle would rather ______ the old bike than _______a new one. (2015烟台)‎ A. repair, to buy B. to repair, buy C. repair, buy D. to repair, to buy ‎（ ）21. When you leave , please turn off the lights energy.[来源:Zxxk. (2015泰安)]‎ A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved ‎（ ）22. Can you hear someone in the classroom? It is Mary. ‎ A. sing B. sings C. singing D. sang ‎ ‎（ ）23. —What’s this? (2015沈阳)]‎ ‎—Oh, my God! It’s a gift for James. I forgot _____ it this afternoon．‎ A. to post B. posting C. post D. posted ‎（ ）24. Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time ________ boring numbers and information. （2015临沂）‎ A. processing B. to process C. processed D. process ‎（ ）25. —So beautiful flowers! I can’t decide _____ for my mom. (2015 福州)‎ ‎—For Mother’s Day, it can’t be better to take some carnations（康乃馨).‎ A. when to choose B. which to choose C. how to choose D. what choose ‎（ ）26. —It’s too cold today. Would you mind the window? ‎ ‎—Certainly not. Go ahead. (2015 贵州安源)‎ A. to close B. closing C. close D. closed ‎（ ）27. Why not your friends for help when you are in trouble. (2015 贵州安源)‎ A. ask B. to ask C. asks D. asking ‎（ ）28. You're supposed ______ your room up before you go out. (2015 黑龙江龙东)‎ ‎ A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned ‎（ ）29. He can do what he can______ the children in his neighborhood. (2015 黑龙江龙东)‎ ‎ A. helps B. to help C. help D. helping ‎（ ）30. —Would you mind ______ now? It's already midnight. ‎ ‎—Sorry, I won't. (2015 黑龙江)‎ ‎ A. not singing B. not to sing C. don't sing D. not sing 答案十、非谓语动词 ‎【策略点拨】‎ ‎【考点1－2】1－5 ABCDD ‎【考点3－4】1－5 BADDB ‎【中考回放】‎ ‎1－5 ABABB ‎ ‎【真题演练】‎ ‎1-5 CBAAD 6-10 CBAAB ‎ ‎11-15 ADBDC 16-20 ABABC ‎ ‎21-25 BCAAB 26-30 BAABA