2020届高考英语北师大版大一轮复习精练：必修4高考提能练（13）

2020届高考英语北师大版大一轮复习精练：必修4高考提能练（13）

‎2020届北师大版单元复习测验卷：　　必修④　Module 5　A Trip Along the Three Gorges Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2019·重庆第三次调研]A fiveyearold dog named Kelsey has been praised as a hero for helping to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck.‎ The man, Bob, was alone when he left his Michigan farmhouse on New Year's Eve to collect firewood. Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns (衬裤), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around －4℃.‎ After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow. Fortunately, Kelsey came to his assistance.‎ ‎“I was shouting for help, but my nearest neighbor is about 400 meters away, and it was 10：30 pm, ” Bob explained. “But my Kelsey came. By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn't yell for help, but Kelsey didn't stop barking.”‎ Kelsey's companion kept him warm by lying on top of him. She licked his face and hands to keep him awake. “Kelsey kept barking but never left my side，” Bob recalled. “She kept me warm. I knew I couldn't give up and that it was my choice to stay alive.”‎ Bob spent 20 hours in the freezing cold. When he finally lost ‎ consciousness, his dog kept barking. Finally, hearing the barking, Bob's neighbor discovered him at 6：30 pm on New Year's Day and called the emergency services at once. When Bob arrived in hospital, his body temperature was below 21℃. However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn't have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm. Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, “Animals can help and his dog really saved him... He was very fortunate.”‎ Bob said he was “enormously” grateful to both Dr. Colen and his Kelsey. “They saved my life. They are truly heroes！”‎ 体裁：记叙文　题材：人与动物　主题：忠犬守护主人 ‎【语篇解读】　本文讲述了一只叫Kelsey的狗狗在主人Bob不慎在雪地中滑倒伤到脖子无法动弹时，用身体为主人取暖，并且还不断吠叫希望能引起别人的注意，最终Bob获救。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns (衬裤), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around －4℃.‎ 分析：这是一个复合句。Expecting a journey of only several meters为现在分词短语作状语；主句中有一个when引导的时间状语从句及although引导的让步状语从句。‎ 译文：Bob认为只有几米的路程，出去的时候只穿着衬裤、衬衫和拖鞋，尽管(外面的)温度大概是零下4度。‎ ‎1．What happened to Bob on New Year's Eve?‎ A. He left his dog alone in his farmhouse.‎ B. He was praised for saving a dog owner.‎ C. He broke his neck and couldn't move.‎ D. He heard his neighbor's shouting for help.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“who slipped in the snow and broke his neck”及第三段中的“After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow”可知，Bob在雪地中滑倒伤到了脖子，不能动了，故选C项。‎ ‎2．Why did Kelsey keep barking?‎ A．To keep warm.‎ B．To stay alive.‎ C．To keep Bob awake.‎ D．To seek help from others.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn't yell for help, but Kelsey didn't stop barking”可推知，Kelsey一直叫的目的是找人来帮助主人，故选D项。‎ ‎3．How does Dr. Chaim Colen feel about Kelsey?‎ A．Helpful.　　B．Fortunate.‎ C．Grateful. D．Friendly.‎ 答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Dr. Chaim ‎ Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, ‘Animals can help and his dog really saved him... He was very fortunate’”可知，Chaim Colen医生认为动物能提供帮助，Bob的狗救了Bob。因此Chaim Colen医生认为Kelsey是有帮助的，故选A项。‎ ‎4．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．A Neckbreaking Accident B．The Magic Night C．Warmth on a Winter's Night D．Determination to Keep Alive 答案与解析：C　考查主旨大意。通读全文内容并根据倒数第二段中的“However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn't have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm”可知，Bob在寒冷的夜里衣着单薄却没有任何冻疮是因为他的狗用身体不停地温暖他，故C项“冬夜里的温暖”作文章标题最合适。‎ B ‎[2019·长春监测二]Sleep repairs the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening the immune system. However, many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night. The average adult today gets only 6.4 hours of sleep. Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population. A significant number of people work at night, work ‎ long hours, or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.‎ Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally. In one study, thirteen healthy adult subjects (实验对象) who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and carefully monitored in a lab during a period of 35 hours. During the experiment, the subjects were asked to perform several tasks, such as mathematics and word problems, while researchers were undergoing scans of their brain activity. The researchers found that the temporal lobe (颞叶) of the brain, the region involved in language processing, was active during speech tasks in rested subjects but not in subjects who lacked enough sleep. After several hours without sleep, there was no activity within this region.‎ Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage shortterm memory and reaction time — thus causing a serious risk of accident. In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk. They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol level of 0.5 percent, the legal limit for drunk driving in most western European countries. The researchers concluded that countries with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions ‎ against sleepdeprived driving.‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：缺乏睡眠的影响 ‎【语篇解读】　本文说明了睡眠缺失对人们大脑的影响，以及驾驶员如果缺乏睡眠可能导致的严重后果。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally. ‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句，在从句中不作句子成分；第二个that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity；because引导原因状语从句。‎ 译文：研究表明大脑会因为睡眠不足而受到负面的影响，因为在睡眠期间发生的某些电子和化学活动被打断，大脑不能正常地运转。‎ ‎5．The underlined word “deprivation” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. ‎ A．weakness B．loss C．discomfort D．pain 答案与解析：B　考查词义猜测。根据第一段第二句“However, many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night”可知，许多成年人睡眠不足，由此可推知，deprivation是“缺失”的含义，这与本段最后一句“A significant number of people work at night, work long hours,‎ ‎ or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag”呼应，故选B。 ‎ ‎6．The passage mentions all of the following as causes of sleep deprivation EXCEPT ________. ‎ A．jet lag B．long work hours C．boring work D．working at night 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“A significant number of people work at night, work long hours, or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag”可知，睡眠缺失的原因很多，但不包括工作枯燥，故选C。‎ ‎7．The purpose of the study described in Paragraph 2 was to determine ________. ‎ A．how many hours people can survive without sleep B．how people react when their sleep is interrupted C．the changes in brain activity that occurs during sleep D．the effects of sleep deprivation on brain activity 答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句“Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally”并结合本段的内容可推知，本段主要论述的是睡眠缺失对大脑的影响，故选D。 ‎ ‎8．Why does the author mention blood alcohol level in Paragraph 3? ‎ A．To show how sleep deprivation reduces the blood alcohol level. ‎ B．To show that sleep deprivation has the same dangerous effects as being drunk. ‎ C．To suggest that sleepdeprived drivers are also likely to drink. ‎ D. To argue against raising the legal limit for drunk driving.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据文章第三段第二句“In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk”可推知，作者提到血液中酒精浓度的例子是为了证明之前的结论，即：睡眠缺失和饮酒在驾驶中的危害同样严重，故选B。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2019·山西八校第一次联考]Having success and being able to meet one's goals requires many things: knowledge, a sense of direction, hard work, luck, connections and perhaps a strong belief in yourself. We accomplish our goals one step at a time, doing a little each day. __1__‎ ‎1. Get up an hour early.‎ People who get up early in the morning have a jump on the day. __2__ And some studies show that the willpower and attention are strongest in the morning. In fact, the morning may be the most productive part of your day.‎ ‎2. Drink a glass of water with lemon juice.‎ While your coffee is being prepared or waiting for the water to heat up, drink a glass of water with lemon juice. Why? Health experts say ‎ that drinking a combination of lemon juice and water first in the morning jumpstarts the body's metabolism (新陈代谢)．‎ ‎3. Exercise!‎ ‎__3__ Exercising in the morning may not be for everyone. Some people like to exercise after work or at night. Physical fitness experts and trainers often suggest some form of exercise in the morning because the middle of the day is a busy time for most people. By the day's end, you may not have the time or energy to exercise.‎ ‎4. __4__‎ Take time at the end of the day to think back on all the things that have happened. __5__ And spend a little time thinking about tomorrow. It may help you to prepare if you take a few minutes to think about what you need to do the next day.‎ A．Make a plan for tomorrow.‎ B．For starters, they are awake!‎ C．Think about your day at night.‎ D．Some people may disagree with this one.‎ E. So using your day effectively is important.‎ F. Give thanks to wonderful things, if you want.‎ G. Well, don't, as it is a great way to forget about the day ahead.‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：日常生活　主题：有效利用每一天 ‎【解题导语】　文章向读者介绍了有效利用每一天的四个习惯。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：E　从空前一句和下文中的四个建议可知，本空承上启下，E项符合语境，E项中的“using your day effectively”是关键信息。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：B　根据空处所在段的小标题“Get up an hour early”并结合选项可知，B项符合语境。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：D　根据该段小标题和空处后两句内容可知，有些人可能是不同意早上锻炼的，故选D项。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：C　由本段内容特别是第一句可知，本段主要讲的是一天结束时要进行思考，故选C项。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：F　本空前一句内容是回顾一天发生的事情，故可推知空处应指回顾过后可对美好的事情表达一下感谢，故选F项。‎ ‎【易错分析】　本题的干扰项是G项，G项意思是“噢，不要这样做，因为这是一个提前忘记这一天的很好的方法”，但它与空后的“And spend a little time thinking about tomorrow”连贯不起来，逻辑不通，故排除。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎[2019·成都市段考]The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， where was specially built for people to relax ourselves. The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both side. We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many of people were playing happily. But something unpleasant catch our attention, there was rubbish here ‎ or there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles floated on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so serious polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish after we left.‎ 答案：‎ The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the “Renmin Road”， was specially built for people to relax . The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both . We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many people were playing happily. But something unpleasant our attention, there was rubbish here there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles on the surface of the lake. Such beautiful place was so polluted. What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish we left.‎ ‎①where改为which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “Renmin Road”，在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎②ourselves改为themselves。考查人称代词。根据该句中的“people”，结合语境可知，该处指“人们在人民路上放松自我”，故该处用第三人称复数的反身代词，故将ourselves改为themselves。‎ ‎③side改为sides。考查名词的单复数。句意：沿途的风景很迷人，两边有树、花、山和湖。side为可数名词，根据句意及该句中的both可知，应用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎④删除many后的of。考查介词。句意：我们在湖边停下来休息，许多人都在那里玩得很开心。a good many“许多，大量”，为固定搭配，直接修饰名词people，表示“许多人”。‎ ‎⑤catch改为caught。考查动词的时态。根据本文首句中的“The other day”，结合全文内容和该句中的“was”可知，本文讲述的事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎⑥or改为and。考查固定搭配。句意：但是有些不愉快的情况引起了我们的注意，这里到处都是垃圾，湖面上漂浮着许多塑料袋和瓶子。here and there为固定搭配，意为“到处，各处”。‎ ‎⑦floated改为floating。考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，many plastic bags and bottles和动词float之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用float的现在分词形式。‎ ‎⑧Such后加a。考查固定用法。“such a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数”为固定用法。‎ ‎⑨serious改为seriously。考查副词。修饰动词polluted应当用副词形式，表示“严重地污染”。‎ ‎⑩after改为when/before。考查连词。句意：最后，当我们离开时/在我们离开前，我们禁不住收集起垃圾。根据句意并结合语境可知，此处应用when/before。‎