江苏省南通市2020届高三5月阶段调研测试英语试题 Word版含解析

江苏省南通市2020届高三5月阶段调研测试英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com 南通市2020届高三阶段性练习 英 语 注意事项 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求 ‎1.本试卷共14页。本次考试满分为120分，考试时间为120分钟。考试结束后，请将答题纸(卡)交回。‎ ‎2.答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、考试号等用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题纸(卡)上。‎ ‎3.请认真核对答题纸(卡)表头规定填写或填涂的项目是否准确。‎ ‎4.作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题纸(卡)上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。作答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题纸(卡)上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。‎ 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分20分)‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的 答案转涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有 关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ In which season did the woman get to Prague?‎ A. In summer. B. In autumn. C. In winter.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: What’s the weather like in Prague?‎ W: Well, when I arrived in Prague, it was minus seven degrees and there was lots of snow. But in summer, the sun shines, and you can sit outside in the cafes. The weather in autumn is fantastic.‎ ‎2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ How much will the speakers pay for the shoes?‎ - 40 -‎ A. ￡35. B. ￡25. C. ￡15.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: What about these shoes, Jonathan?‎ M: They’re really nice, but isn’t £35 quite expensive? We usually only spend about £25.‎ W: Look at these others — they’re £15, but they’re not as good.‎ M: Yeah, I see what you mean. OK, we’ll get the ones you suggest.‎ ‎3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What is the woman going to wear?‎ A. A skirt and a sweater. B. Jeans and a sweater. C. A shirt and a skirt.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: What do you think I should wear — this long skirt and a sweater, or a short skirt and shirt?‎ M: Well, we’re going walking, so I think you’d be better in jeans than a skirt — and a warm sweater. You don’t want to get cold.‎ W: Oh, OK.‎ ‎4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ How does the woman probably feel?‎ A. Apologetic. B. Worried. C. Annoyed.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: Excuse me. We’ve been waiting to play tennis since 10:30. It must be our turn now.‎ M: I don’t think so. We haven’t finished it yet. You’ll have to wait.‎ W: We’ve been standing here patiently watching you and it’s time for you to stop.‎ ‎5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ What is the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ - 40 -‎ A. Boss and employee. B. Salesperson and customer. C. Interviewer and interviewee.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: So, Robert, how do you feel this year has gone for you? You’ve worked really hard to increase our sales.‎ M: It’s been a bit up and down, but I’ll meet my sales targets. Last year you promised me that I would be promoted if I met my sales targets.‎ 第二节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题、从题中所给的A、B、C二 法是贝中选出最佳选项 并标在试券的相应位置听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间行个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对适或独 白读两遍。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎6. What will the boy do on Saturday?‎ A. Go shopping. B. Have a picnic. C. Ask friends round.‎ ‎7. What will the woman buy tomorrow?‎ A. Sausages. B. Salads. C. Pies.‎ ‎【答案】6. B 7. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: Mum, do you remember you promised I could invite some friends for a picnic on Saturday?‎ W: Yes, of course. I’ve already done all the shopping for it. I’ve got burgers and sausages. And I’ve bought lots of salads, too.‎ M: Do you remember we wanted to have some pies as well?‎ W: I didn’t buy any but I think I have some in the fridge. I’ll just have a look. Hmmm, well we’ve got one pie, but I think I’d better get some more. I’ll go to the supermarket tomorrow.‎ M: Thanks Mum.‎ - 40 -‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎8. What do we know about the man?‎ A. He often borrows things from the woman.‎ B. He wants to use the woman’s camera.‎ C. He needs to buy the best suit.‎ ‎9. How will the man go to attend the wedding?‎ A. By motorcycle. B. By taxi. C. By car.‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: Hi, Lucy. How are you? I was wondering …‎ W: Oh, no! That usually means you want something.‎ M: No, well, not exactly. I’m going to a wedding and I could go on my motorcycle, but you know how it is — best suit and all that.‎ W: So you want to borrow my camera? You kept it for weeks last time.‎ M: Well, actually I was wondering if I could use your car.‎ W: Why don’t you take a taxi?‎ M: Oh, OK, I guess I don’t have much choice.‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎10. What happened in the late 1970s?‎ A. Return of the Jedi appeared.‎ B. Science fiction movies became popular.‎ C. There was a long gap in movie releases.‎ ‎11. When did The Phantom Menace come out?‎ A. In 1980. B. In 1984. C. In 1999.‎ ‎12. What are the speakers discussing?‎ A. When Star Wars movies were released.‎ B. What effects Star Wars movies have.‎ C. How Star Wars movies were made.‎ - 40 -‎ ‎【答案】10. B 11. C 12. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】W: You’re a fan of the Star Wars movies, right? When did the first one come out?‎ M: It came out on May 25th, 1977.‎ W: How do you remember that so clearly? That’s more than 40 years ago!‎ M: I’m a huge fan! There were a lot of science fiction movies in the late 1970s because of Star Wars.‎ W: And when did the next two movies come out?‎ M: The Empire Strikes Back came out in 1980 and Return of the Jedi came out in 1983. But then there was a long gap until the next one. Fans had to wait for 16 years until The Phantom Menace. There were no movies from 1984 to 1998.‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎13. When did Karina become interested in cooking?‎ A. When she helped her parents in the hotel kitchen.‎ B. When she made food for herself at home.‎ C. When she worked in a restaurant.‎ ‎14. What happened to Karina in the cooking competition?‎ A. She won one of the prizes.‎ B. Her dishes were thought highly of.‎ C. She realized her talent for cooking.‎ ‎15. Why did a top chef offer to train Karina?‎ A. He needed someone to work on Saturdays.‎ B. A famous person liked the food she made.‎ C. She was quick at learning to cook.‎ ‎16. What does Karina like to do in her free time?‎ A. Stay with her family. B. Create new salads. C. Eat out.‎ ‎【答案】13. C 14. B 15. B 16. A ‎【解析】‎ - 40 -‎ ‎【原文】M: I’m with Karina Rogers, who’s training at a top restaurant to be a chef. Karina, where did your interest in cooking come from?‎ W: Well, both my parents prepared food in their hotel kitchen, and although I helped them a bit, I never enjoyed that much. In fact, it wasn’t until I worked for two weeks at a restaurant that I realized cooking was for me. Before that, I’d just make salads for myself.‎ M: And the restaurant was really pleased with you.‎ W: Yes, and that gave me the confidence to enter a cooking competition. I wasn’t among the winners, but the judges really liked what I made.‎ M: Then a top chef noticed your cooking.‎ W: Yes, and he gave me a Saturday job at his restaurant. My first task was to prepare a salad. No one had told me the food was for someone famous, but it seemed she really liked it, so as a result the chef offered to train me full time at the restaurant.‎ M: And do you eat out in your free time?‎ W: I don’t do that anymore.‎ M: Because it is expensive?‎ W: No. On my days off, I just like eating at home. It’s a good chance to be with my parents!‎ 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎17. Who is the speaker talking to?‎ A. Guest speakers.‎ B. Club members.‎ C. University students.‎ ‎18. What does the speaker suggest doing?‎ A. Comparing the clubs before joining one.‎ B. Remembering to bring the library card.‎ C. Trying to join a free club.‎ ‎19. What information is on the registration document?‎ A. A book list for each course.‎ - 40 -‎ B. The names of the departmental heads.‎ C. The classroom numbers for each class.‎ ‎20. Where should one fix any accommodation problems?‎ A. The secretary office. B. The academic department. C. The university administration.‎ ‎【答案】17. C 18. A 19. C 20. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【原文】M: Right, everybody, let’s get started. I’d like to welcome you all to your new university. Even though you haven’t started classes yet, you’ll have a very busy first two weeks here. For example, you have probably noticed the number of groups and associations asking you to join them. There are sports clubs such as football, basketball, and tennis. Moreover, there are more academic clubs. The history club, for example, meets once a week and takes trips to interesting places as well as inviting guest speakers to talk. I’d advise that you look around all of the clubs before joining any because you have to pay to be a member of most of them and you don’t want to run out of money in your first week!‎ Next, I have to tell you about the process of registering for your courses. First, you have to go to the university administration building to get your registration documents. Don’t forget to take your ID. Secondly, take your document to see the head of the department of each course that you want to take. You’ll find the room numbers for each class on the registration document. Besides, remember to get a book list for each course when you see the head of the department. Finally, return the completed document to the university administration building. You will then be given a library card. If you have any problems with accommodation, please go to the secretary office, not your academic department.‎ I think that’s all.‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ - 40 -‎ ‎21.Group activities can help children gain the concept_______team spirit is crucial to more achievements.‎ A. that B. where C. what D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：小组活动可以帮助孩子们获得团队精神对取得更多成就至关重要的观念。此处是同位语从句，从句句子成分齐全，应使用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】同位语从句的学习是英语学习者都要过的一关，虽然有些难，但小编为大家整理了与同位语从句相关的语法知识，首先，我们从引导词讲起：引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。‎ ‎1. 由that引导 We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。‎ 注意：在某些名词（如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：‎ They expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。‎ ‎2. 由whether引导 There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。‎ We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。‎ 注意：whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。‎ ‎3. 由连接代词引导 Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗？‎ Then I had no idea what a casino was.当时我不知道赌场是什么样的地方。‎ ‎4. 由连接副词引导 I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。‎ It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。‎ - 40 -‎ He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。‎ You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急 如本题设空处引导同位语从句，从句句子成分齐全，应使用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选A。‎ ‎22.—Can we make it to the concert with such heavy traffic?‎ ‎—Absolutely not.The pianist_______for about half an hour when we arrive.‎ A. will be playing B. has played C. will have played D. has been playing ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——交通这么拥挤，我们能赶到音乐会吗？——当然赶不上了。我们到达时，钢琴师已经演奏了大约半个小时了。根据Can we make it to the concert with such heavy traffic?及for about half an hour when we arrive.可知，此处描述将来完成的动作，应使用将来完成时。故选C。‎ ‎23.I can’t figure out why some foreigners must go out_______staying at home is the safest way during the outbreak of the virus.‎ A. until B. before C. unless D. when ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：我不明白为什么一些外国人必须出门，当在病毒爆发期间呆在家里是最安全的方式的时候。A. until直到；B. before在……之前；C. unless除非；D. when当……的时候。根据句意及常识可知，此处引导时间状语从句，意为“当在病毒爆发期间呆在家里是最安全的方式的时候”。故选D。‎ ‎24.Our high-tech zone has__________guidelines for sustainable development in the next five years.‎ A. fallen for B. got over C. broken down D. laid out ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的高新区已经为未来五年的可持续发展制定了指导方针。A. fallen for听信；爱上；B. got over 克服；C. broken down抛锚；D. laid - 40 -‎ ‎ out制定。根据空后guidelines for sustainable development in the next five years可知，此处指“制定了指导方针”。故选D。‎ ‎25.A research project is quite different from homework__________you know there is a solution.‎ A. which B. where C. what D. that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查定语从句。句意：研究项目与家庭作业完全不同，家庭作业中你知道有一个解决方案。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是homework，指物，关系词在从句中做地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导。故选B。‎ ‎26.Since COVID-19 has largely been brought______, people in China are returning to their work in an orderly manner.‎ A. under control B. under way C. under discussion D. under threat ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：新冠肺炎疫情基本得到了控制，中国人民正在有序复工。A. under control处于控制之下；B. under way进行中；C. under discussion在讨论中；D. under threat受到威胁。根据空后people in China are returning to their work in an orderly manner.可知，新冠肺炎疫情基本得到了控制。故选A。‎ ‎27.With scenic spots exploring new projects, ticket sales will no longer be the only source of______.‎ A. revision B. revenue C. revolution D. review ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 分析】‎ ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着景点探索新项目，门票销售将不再是唯一的收入来源。A. revision修订；B. revenue财政收入；C. revolution革命；D. review复习。根据常识可知，门票曾经是景点的唯一的收入来源。故选B。‎ ‎28.—I am going to the library. Do you have any books_______?‎ - 40 -‎ ‎—No, but thank you all the same.‎ A. to return B. returned C. to be returned D. returning ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——我要去图书馆。你有书要还吗？——没有，但还是要谢谢你。根据语境可知，还书是将来发生的事情，return与books是逻辑被动关系，应使用不定式的被动式做宾语补足语，表将来的动作。故选C。‎ ‎29.—You are late for the morning assembly again!‎ ‎—I’m terribly sorry. I _______a contract almost the whole night.‎ A. was drafting B. have been drafting C. have drafted D. had drafted ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你上午大会又迟到了！——我很抱歉。我几乎整个晚上都在起草一份合同。根据语境及空后almost the whole night可知，此处表示过去一段时间一直持续的动作，应使用过去进行时。故选A。‎ ‎30.The building of an ecological civilization has entered a critical period, _________that requires more quality products to meet people’s demand.‎ A. it B. that C. one D. the one ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：生态文明的建设已进入一个关键时期，需要更多的优质产品来满足人们的需求。此处做a critical period的同位语，泛指“一个关键时期”，泛指上文提到可数名词单数，应使用代词one。it指同一事物；that特指上文提到的名词；the one表示特指。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】it/ one/ that/ the one均可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。一般说来，it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物，one代指单数名词表泛指，that代指单数名词表特指=the one。如本题中的代词做a critical period的同位语，泛指“一个关键时期”，应使用代词one。‎ - 40 -‎ ‎31._______for the wrong turning on the highway, I would be having dinner with my friends now.‎ A. Had it not been B. Were it not C. It had not been D. It were not ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气及倒装句型。句意：如果不是在高速公路上拐错了弯，我现在就会和朋友们一起吃饭了。根据语境可知，此处是对过去事实不符的假设，应使用虚拟语气，从句应使用过去完成时。虚拟条件从句中如果有had(过去完成时的助动词)/were/ should，可省略if，并将它们提到主语之前，从而构成倒装。Had it not been for the wrong turning on the highway = if it had not been for the wrong turning on the highway。故选A。‎ ‎32.Our school often organizes various after-school activities, _____our stress to some degree.‎ A. to relieve B. relieved C. having relieved D. relieving ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们学校经常组织各种各样的课外活动，在一定程度上缓解了我们的压力。分析句子可知，relieve用非谓语动词形式，various after-school activities与relieve是逻辑主谓关系，此处表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词。故选D。‎ ‎33.Nantong has become one of the most_____cities in the Yangtze River Delta through innovation.‎ A. dynamic B. conservative C. primitive D. ethnic ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过创新，南通已成为长三角地区最具活力的城市之一。A. dynamic有活力的；B. conservative保守的；C. primitive原始的；D. ethnic种族的。根据空后through innovation(通过创新)及选项分析可知，dynamic(有活力的)符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎34.Our village is making efforts to _________its development pattern to promote green - 40 -‎ ‎ growth.‎ A. squeeze B. compromise C. transform D. differentiate ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们村正在努力转变发展方式，促进绿色增长。A. squeeze挤压；B. compromise妥协；C. transform转变；D. differentiate区分。根据句中to promote green growth及常识可知，此处指“正在努力转变发展方式”。故选C。‎ ‎35.—Could Martha afford the money to go on a trip abroad with us?‎ ‎—I’m afraid not. She is ___________ at the moment.‎ A. physically challenged B. between jobs C. not all there D. all ears ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查习语辨析。句意：——玛莎能付得起和我们一起出国旅行的钱吗？——恐怕不行。她目前暂时没有工作。A. (be) physically challenged有生理缺陷的；B. (be) between jobs暂时没有工作；C. (be) not all there有点愚蠢，缺心眼儿；D. (be) all ears全神贯注地听。根据问句及回答中的I’m afraid not.可知，玛莎付不起这些钱，结合选项可知，B项符合语境。故选B。‎ 第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)‎ 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A.、B.C.D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ I joined the army as an infantryman (步兵) instead of as a helicopter pilot because I only had the literacy (读写) level of an 11-year-old. I had no idea that I had a reading level that___36___; I had just ___37___words when I didn’t know them, and usually ended up getting them wrong.‎ It was just before I turned 19 that I ___38___ my very first book. I can vividly remember the sense of ___39___and achievement I felt. It was meant for primary school children but I didn’t ___40___. I had read a whole book, and I was ___41___. From then on I read anything and everything I could get. I just wanted to get as much___42___‎ - 40 -‎ ‎ as I could.‎ I learned in those days at the ___43___education centre. There are always people looking forward to helping you and ___44___you stuff. But you are never going to progress _____45_____you keep learning. The unbelievable educational_____46_____that the army offers make it one of the few places that can help you climb up the ladder of social classes in the UK.‎ For me, improving my literacy level had another more surprising_____47_____. When I left the army, I was asked to write a(n)_____48_____of the Bravo Two Zero Mission and that led to the unexpected career change of becoming a(n)_____49_____.‎ I have spent quite a bit of time over the past few years_____50_____schools, and workplaces, as well as army bases and businesses, to talk about my past and_____51_____others to start reading and writing like me. The_____52_____I give to all the people that I chat to is that if I can do it, anyone can. If that is a message that even one of them accepts and_____53_____, then it has been_____54_____. My experience shows that the best soldier out there is the one with a _____55_____card.‎ ‎36. A. high B. new C. low D. senior ‎37. A. gone over B. made up C. put down D. taken back ‎38. A. wrote B. received C. bought D. read ‎39. A. pride B. beauty C. duty D. security ‎40. A. panic B. care C. doubt D. agree ‎41. A. depressed B. puzzled C. trapped D. hooked ‎42. A. wealth B. knowledge. C. support D. freedom ‎43. A. community B. nursery C. army D. health ‎44. A. showing B. selling C. lending D. teaching ‎45 A. unless B. until C. though D. since ‎46. A. expenses B. backgrounds C. opportunities D. requirements ‎47. A. trouble B. burden C. outcome D.‎ - 40 -‎ ‎ challenge ‎48. A. email B. diary C. scheme D. account ‎49. A. athlete B. typist C. author D. reporter ‎50. A. visiting B. attending C. constructing D. inspecting ‎51. A. permitting B. encouraging C. commanding D. preferring ‎52. A. message B. story C. impression D. influence ‎53. A. changes B. uses C. questions D. ignores ‎54. A. controversial B. arbitrary C. ridiculous D. worthwhile ‎55. A. library B. credit C. business D. fitness ‎【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B 41. D 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。作者只能当一名步兵，而不是一名直升机飞行员，因为他的文化水平只有一个11岁的孩子水平。就在他19岁之前，他读了他的第一本书，从此迷上了读书。退役后，作者成为了一名作家，他花了相当多的时间访问学校、工作场所、军事基地和企业，谈论他的过去，并鼓励其他人开始像他一样阅读和写作。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不知道我的阅读水平这么低；当我不认识单词的时候，我就会编造一些单词，结果通常都是错的。A. high高的；B. new新的；C. low低的；D. senior高级的。根据上文I only had the literacy (读写) level of an 11-year-old.可知，我的阅读水平很低。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不知道我的阅读水平这么低；当我不认识单词的时候，我就会编造一些单词，结果通常都是错的。A. gone over重温；B. made up编造；C. put - 40 -‎ ‎ down放下；D. taken back带回。根据上文I only had the literacy (读写) level of an 11-year-old.及空后when I didn’t know them, and usually ended up getting them wrong可知，当我不认识单词的时候，我就会编造一些单词。故选B。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在我19岁之前，我读了我的第一本书。A. wrote写；B. received接受；C. bought买；D. read读。根据空后achievement I felt可知，此处指读第一本书。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还清晰地记得当时的自豪感和成就感。A. pride自豪；B. beauty美丽；C. duty责任；D. security安全。根据空后and achievement I felt可知，此处指当时的自豪感和成就感。故选A。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是为小学生准备的，但我不在乎。A. panic恐慌；B. care关心，在意；C. doubt怀疑；D. agree同意。根据空前It was meant for primary school children及转折词but可知，我不在乎它是为小学生准备的。故选B。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我读了一整本书，我被迷住了。A. depressed沮丧的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. trapped陷入困境的；D. hooked入迷的。根据下文From then on I read anything and everything I could get.可知，我迷上了读书。故选D。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想获得尽可能多的知识。A. wealth财富；B. knowledge知识；C. support支持；D. freedom自由。根据常识可知，读书是为了获取知识。故选B。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时候我在陆军教育中心学习。A. community社区；B. nursery托儿所；C. army军队；D. health健康。根据上文I joined the army as an infantryman (步兵) instead of as a helicopter pilot because I only had the literacy (读写) level of an 11-year-old.可知，当时我是一名步兵，应该是在陆军教育中心学习。故选C。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：总有人期待着帮助你，教你东西。A. showing展示；B. selling卖；C. lending借出；D. teaching教。根据上文I learned in those days at the ‎ - 40 -‎ ‎___8___education centre.可知，在这里总有人期待着帮助你，教你东西。故选D。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查连接词辨析。句意：但你永远不会进步，除非你继续学习。A. unless除非；B. until直到；C. though虽然；D. since自从。根据语境可知，此处使用unless“除非，如果不”引导条件状语从句。故选A。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：军队提供的令人难以置信的教育机会使它成为英国少数几个可以帮助你爬上社会阶层阶梯的地方之一。A. expenses费用；B. backgrounds背景；C. opportunities机会；D. requirements要求。根据语境可知，此处指军队给军人们提供了接受教育的机会。故选C。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，提高我的文化水平还有一个更令人惊讶的结果。A. trouble麻烦；B. burden负担；C. outcome结果；D. challenge挑战。根据下文that led to the unexpected career change可知，提高我的文化水平还带来了一个更令人惊讶的结果。故选C。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我离开军队的时候，我被要求写一篇关于Bravo Two Zero任务的报道，这让我意外地改变了职业生涯，成为了一名作家。A. email电子邮件；B. diary日记；C. scheme计划；D. account报告。根据空后the Bravo Two Zero Mission及常识可知，此处指写任务报告。故选D。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我离开军队的时候，我被要求写一篇关于Bravo Two Zero任务的报道，这让我意外地改变了职业生涯，成为了一名作家。A. athlete运动员；B. typist打字员；C. author作家；D. reporter记者。根据下文to talk about my past and___16___others to start reading and writing like me.可知，后来我成了一名作家。故选C。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，我花了相当多的时间访问学校、工作场所、军事基地和企业，谈论我的过去，并鼓励其他人开始像我一样阅读和写作。A. visiting拜访；B. attending参加；C. constructing建造；D. inspecting检查。根据下文, to talk about my past and___16___others to start reading and writing like - 40 -‎ ‎ me.可知，此处指拜访了学校、工作场所、军事基地和企业。故选A。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，我花了相当多的时间访问学校、工作场所、军事基地和企业，谈论我的过去，并鼓励其他人开始像我一样阅读和写作。A. permitting允许；B. encouraging鼓励；C. commanding要求；D. preferring更喜欢。根据下文The___17___I give to all the people that I chat to is that if I can do it, anyone can.可知，我鼓励其他人开始像我一样阅读和写作。故选B。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给所有和我聊天的人的信息是，如果我能做到，任何人都能做到。A. message信息；B. story故事；C. impression印象；D. influence影响。根据下文If that is a message that even one of them accepts可知，此处指我给所有和我聊天的人传递的信息。故选A。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这条信息被他们中甚至一人接受和使用，那么它就是值得的。A. changes改变；B. uses使用；C. questions质疑；D. ignores忽视。根据空前accepts可知，此处指信息被接受和使用。故选B。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果这条信息被他们中甚至一人接受和使用，那么它就是值得的。A. controversial有争议的；B. arbitrary武断的；C. ridiculous荒谬的；D. worthwhile有价值的。根据语境可知，如果信息被接受和使用，那么它就是值得的。故选D。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的经验告诉我，最好的士兵就是那些有借书证的人。A. library图书馆；B. credit信用；C. business商业；D. fitness健康。根据语境可知，此处指最好的士兵就是那些有借书证的人，即最好的士兵就是那些爱读书的士兵。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第1小题，根据上文I only had the literacy (读写) level of an 11-year-old.可知，我的阅读水平很低。A. high高的；B. new新的；C. low低的；D. senior高级的。句意：我不知道我的阅读水平这么低；当我不认识单词的时候，我就会编造一些单词，结果通常都是错的。故选C。‎ 第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分 30分)‎ - 40 -‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Repel Lightweight Travel Umbrella Just 11 inches long when folded up, this travel umbrella is reinforced with fiberglass to help it resist stormy weather. It can be opened with one hand at the push of a button ($10; amazon.co.uk).‎ The Handbag Raincoat If you’ve splashed(挥霍)out on a good handbag, you don’t want it to be ruined in a downpour. This simple-as-can-be plastic cover is the solution (10:amazon.co.uk).‎ YOSH waterproof (防水) phone case If you put your phone in this waterproof bag it will be protected from the rain — but you’ll still be able to use its touchscreen. With a snap and lock seal.‎ It fits most phones up to 6.1 inches in size (10; amazon.co.uk).‎ Hunter Women’s Original Play Short Wellington Boots Tall wellies (长筒靴) are great for walking in long grass, but unnecessarily heavy for city wear; these short boots are a sensible investment for urban folks who want to arrive at work with dry feet (100; com).‎ - 40 -‎ ‎56. What do the four items have in common?‎ A. They are waterproof.‎ B. They are of the same price.‎ C. They are made of fiberglass.‎ D. They are on sale on Amazon ‎57. From the passage, we know_______.‎ A. the handbag raincoat is of low quality B. the short boots are suitable for urban living C. the waterproof phone case has different sizes D. the travel umbrella can be folded using a button ‎【答案】56. A 57. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一则广告。文章介绍了四种防水的商品。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Repel Lightweight Travel Umbrella部分中的Just 11 inches long when folded up, this travel umbrella is reinforced with fiberglass to help it resist stormy weather.(折叠起来只有11英寸长，这种旅行伞用玻璃纤维加固，以帮助它抵御暴风雨天气)，The Handbag Raincoat部分中的If you’ve splashed(挥霍)out on a good handbag, you don’t want it to be ruined in a downpour.(如果你花了很多钱买了一个好手袋，你肯定不希望它在倾盆大雨中毁于一旦)，YOSH waterproof (防水) phone case(YOSH防水手机外壳)及Hunter Women’s Original Play Short Wellington Boots部分中的these short boots are a sensible investment for urban folks who want to arrive at work with dry feet (对于那些想干着脚去上班的城市人来说，这种短靴是一种明智的投资)可知，这四个物品的共同之处是它们都是防水的。故选A。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Hunter Women’s Original Play Short Wellington Boots部分中的these - 40 -‎ ‎ short boots are a sensible investment for urban folks who want to arrive at work with dry feet (对于那些想干着脚去上班的城市人来说，这种短靴是一种明智的投资)可知，短靴适合城市生活。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】做阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。也要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。如第1小题，What do the four items have in common?要求判断出四个物品有什么共同之处。根据Repel Lightweight Travel Umbrella部分中的Just 11 inches long when folded up, this travel umbrella is reinforced with fiberglass to help it resist stormy weather.(折叠起来只有11英寸长，这种旅行伞用玻璃纤维加固，以帮助它抵御暴风雨天气)，The Handbag Raincoat部分中的If you’ve splashed(挥霍)out on a good handbag, you don’t want it to be ruined in a downpour.(如果你花了很多钱买了一个好手袋，你肯定不希望它在倾盆大雨中毁于一旦)，YOSH waterproof (防水) phone case(YOSH防水手机外壳)及Hunter Women’s Original Play Short Wellington Boots部分中的these short boots are a sensible investment for urban folks who want to arrive at work with dry feet (对于那些想干着脚去上班的城市人来说，这种短靴是一种明智的投资)可知，这四个物品的共同之处是它们都是防水的。故选A。‎ B Pleasingly, a new study supports one of my favourite insights about writing, or getting any creative work done-though I’m pretty sure that wasn’t intentional, since the researchers were actually studying traffic jams. Jonathan Boreyko, an American engineering professor, was crawling along in his car one day, observing how drivers naturally bunch up at red lights, leaving mere inches between vehicles. Their motivation isn’t a mystery: the closer you are to the car ahead, you’d assume, the better your chances of squeezing through before the light goes back to red, and the sooner you’ll reach your destination, even if you also increase the risk of collisions.‎ But you’d assume wrong. When Boreyko and a colleague recreated the traffic-light scenario (场景) on a special test track, they found that drivers who bunched up made no swifter progress. True, they stopped slightly closer to the light. But it also took them longer to resume (继续) moving safely, and these two factors canceled each ‎ - 40 -‎ other out. “There’s no point in getting closer to the car in front of you when traffic comes to a stop.” Boreyko concluded. ‎ This is true of writing or similar work. People never rest in urgent pursuit of their goals. Yes, it all looks impressively productive. But as the psychologist Robert Boice argues, racing to get a task completed generally brings a cost that outweighs the benefit. You tire yourself out, so you can’t shine the next day. Or you neglect so many other duties that you’re forced to take an extra day to catch up. Or you start damaging work you already produced — which is why the novelist Cabriel Carcfa Marqucz said he gave up writing in the afternoon: he wrote more, but he had to redo it the next morning, so the overall effect was to slow him down. That’s also why Boice insists that when you’re writing on a schedule, it’s as important to be disciplined about stopping as starting, even if you’re on a roll.‎ Clearly, this is all a convenient way to feel superior to people who put in more hours. But that doesn’t mean it’s untrue. Indeed, it’s scary to ask what role impatience play in your life in general: how much of each day we spend leaning into the future, trying to get tasks “out of the way”, always focused on the destination, metaphorically (隐喻地) inching closer and closer to the bumper of the car ahead. None of it gets us anywhere faster. It’s also no way to live. ‎ ‎58. Which of the following best summarizes the finding of Boreyko’s study?‎ A. The sooner, the better. B. More haste, no extra speed.‎ C. The early bird catches the worm. D. Chances favour the prepared mind.‎ ‎59. The author wants to tell us that in creative work____.‎ A. tight planning avoids chaos B. overwork polishes our images C. impatience almost never pays D. afternoon time is less productive ‎60. The author writes the passage to______. ‎ A. advise people to stop racing B. instruct people to write skillfully C. persuade people to treasure time D. warn people to obey traffic rules ‎【答案】58. B 59. C 60. A ‎【解析】‎ - 40 -‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项对交通堵塞的研究，从而验证了自己对写作或完成创造性工作的见解——有纪律的停止和开始是一样重要的，即使你一直在工作。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的When Boreyko and a colleague recreated the traffic-light scenario (场景) on a special test track, they found that drivers who bunched up made no swifter progress. True, they stopped slightly closer to the light. But it also took them longer to resume (继续) moving safely, and these two factors canceled each other out.(当Boreyko和他的同事在一个特殊的测试轨道上重现了交通信号灯的场景时，他们发现司机挤在一起并没有更快的进步。没错，他们停在离灯光稍近的地方。但他们恢复安全移动也需要更长的时间，这两个因素相互抵消)及选项分析A. The sooner, the better.(越早越好)；B. More haste, no extra speed.(欲速则不达)；C. The early bird catches the worm.(早起的鸟儿有虫吃)；D. Chances favour the prepared mind.(机会总是垂青有准备的人)可知，B项能够最好地总结Boreyko研究的发现。故选B。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的But as the psychologist Robert Boice argues, racing to get a task completed generally brings a cost that outweighs the benefit. You tire yourself out, so you can’t shine the next day. Or you neglect so many other duties that you’re forced to take an extra day to catch up. Or you start damaging work you already produced — which is why the novelist Cabriel Carcfa Marqucz said he gave up writing in the afternoon: he wrote more, but he had to redo it the next morning, so the overall effect was to slow him down.(但正如心理学家Robert Boice所指出的，匆忙完成一项任务通常会带来成本大于收益。你把自己累坏了，所以你不能在第二天表选突出。或者你忽略了很多其他的事情，你不得不多花一天的时间来弥补。或者你开始破坏你已经完成的作品——这就是小说家Cabriel Carcfa Marqucz说他放弃下午写更多东西的原因，但第二天早上又得重写，所以整体效果是让他慢下来)可知，作者想告诉我们的是，在创造性的工作中，急躁几乎从不带来回报。故选C。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Indeed, it’s scary to ask what role impatience play in your life in general: how much of each day we spend leaning into the future, trying - 40 -‎ ‎ to get tasks “out of the way”, always focused on the destination, metaphorically (隐喻地) inching closer and closer to the bumper of the car ahead. None of it gets us anywhere faster. It’s also no way to live.(事实上，问一问急躁在你的生活中扮演了什么样的角色是很可怕的：我们每天花多少时间展望未来，试图让任务“不碍事”，总是专注于目标，隐讳性地一点一点靠近前方的汽车保险杠。没有一个能让我们走得更快)可推知，作者写这篇文章是建议人们停止比速度。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】推理判断题是在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。如第2小题，The author wants to tell us that in creative work____.要求判断出作者想告诉我们，在创造性工作中会怎么样。根据第三段中的But as the psychologist Robert Boice argues, racing to get a task completed generally brings a cost that outweighs the benefit. You tire yourself out, so you can’t shine the next day. Or you neglect so many other duties that you’re forced to take an extra day to catch up. Or you start damaging work you already produced — which is why the novelist Cabriel Carcfa Marqucz said he gave up writing in the afternoon: he wrote more, but he had to redo it the next morning, so the overall effect was to slow him down.(但正如心理学家Robert Boice所指出的，匆忙完成一项任务通常会带来成本大于收益。你把自己累坏了，所以你不能在第二天表现突出。或者你忽略了很多其他的事情，你不得不多花一天的时间来弥补。或者你开始破坏你已经完成的作品——这就是小说家Cabriel Carcfa Marqucz说他放弃下午写作更多的原因，但第二天早上又得重写，所以整体效果是让他慢下来)可知，作者想告诉我们的是，在创造性的工作中，急躁几乎从不带来回报。故选C。‎ C In the famous musical My Fair Lady, Eliza Doolittle, the poor daughter of a dustman who speaks with a thick Cockney accent, becomes the unwitting (不知晓的) target for a bet between two phonetics scholars. By the end of the musical, Doolittle is able to pronounce all of her words like a member of the British elite, fooling everyone at an embassy ball about her true origins.‎ It’s hard to imagine a version of My Fair Lady set in the U.S. because, unlike the British, Americans seem either unwilling or unable to honestly acknowledge their own social class. But a new set of scientific studies conducted by Michael Krauss and his colleagues at Yale University show that Americans find it easy to make - 40 -‎ ‎ distinctions about other people’s social class just by listening to them speak.‎ In one study, the researchers asked 229 people to listen to 27 different speakers who varied in terms of their age, race, gender and social class. The participants heard each speaker say a total of seven different words. Based on just this short audio, participants were able to correctly identify which speakers were college-educated 55 percent of the time-more than what would be expected by chance. A major limitation of this study, however, was that it used college education as a criterion for social class.‎ Then in another experiment, 302 participants were asked to either listen to or read transcripts (文本) from 90 seconds of recorded speech in which the speakers talked about themselves without explicitly mentioning anything about their social class. Participants were asked to judge what they thought the social classes of the speakers were by using a 10-rung ascending (上升的) ladder of increasing income, education and occupation. They found that participants who heard the audio recordings were more accurate in judging where the speakers fell in terms of their social status. ‎ To show whether these inferences have real-world consequences, Kraus and his colleagues ran another experiment. They recruited 274 participants, all of whom had past hiring experience, to either listen to the audio or read a transcript of the content. The findings showed that participants were able to accurately judge the social class of the candidates and that this effect was stronger for participants who had heard the audio recordings. In addition, participants judged the higher-class candidates as more competent, a better fit for the job and more likely to be hired. ‎ Taken together, this research suggests that despite our discomfort about the topic, Americans are able to easily detect one another’s social class from small snippets of speech. Moreover, we use this information to discriminate against people who seem to be of a lower social class. This research identifies social class as another potential way that employers may discriminate against candidates, perhaps without even realizing it.‎ ‎61. The author introduces his topic by______.‎ A. making a comparison - 40 -‎ B. justifying an assumption C. explaining a phenomenon D. relating the plot of a musical ‎62. What do the experiments suggest?‎ A. Participants tend to make objective judgments.‎ B. The content rather than the speaking style is reliable.‎ C. One’s social class can be inferred from how they speak.‎ D. Education and income are the main criteria for social status.‎ ‎63. According to the passage, judgments about the way people talk_____.‎ A. disagree with the facts B. affect hiring decisions C. favour competent people D. hardly provide reference ‎64. What can be learned from the last paragraph?‎ A. Americans are slow to judge social classes.‎ B. People in a low social class lose jobs easily.‎ C. Social-class discrimination is hard to address.‎ D. Speech can create social-class discrimination.‎ ‎【答案】61. D 62. C 63. B 64. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现美国人能够很容易地从讲话的小片段中发现彼此的社会阶层。此外，人们利用这些信息来歧视社会地位较低的人。这项研究还发现，社会阶层可能是雇主歧视求职者的另一种潜在方式，而雇主甚至没有意识到这一点。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段In the famous musical My Fair Lady, Eliza Doolittle, the poor daughter of a dustman who speaks with a thick Cockney accent, becomes the unwitting (不知晓的) target for a bet between two phonetics scholars. By the end of the musical, Doolittle is able to pronounce all of her words like a member of the British elite, fooling everyone at an embassy ball about her true - 40 -‎ ‎ origins.(在著名的音乐剧《窈窕淑女》中，清洁工的可怜女儿伊莉莎·杜利特尔操着浓重的伦敦口音，无意间成为两个语音学者打赌的目标。在音乐剧的最后，杜利特尔能够像英国精英一样发音，在大使馆舞会上骗过所有人她的真实出身)可推知，作者是通过一个音乐剧的情节来介绍他的主题的。故选D。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Based on just this short audio, participants were able to correctly identify which speakers were college-educated 55 percent of the time-more than what would be expected by chance.(仅仅根据这段简短的音频，参与者就能正确识别出55%的发言者是受过大学教育的——这比随机预期的要高)及第四段中的They found that participants who heard the audio recordings were more accurate in judging where the speakers fell in terms of their social status. (他们发现，听过录音的参与者在判断说话者的社会地位方面更准确)可知，这些实验表明，一个人的社会阶层可以从他们的说话方式中推断出来。故选C。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的In addition, participants judged the higher-class candidates as more competent, a better fit for the job and more likely to be hired.(此外，参与者认为高水平的候选人更有能力，更适合这份工作，更有可能被聘用)可推知，根据文章，对人们说话方式的判断会影响雇佣决定。故选B。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的This research identifies social class as another potential way that employers may discriminate against candidates, perhaps without even realizing it. (这项研究发现，社会阶层可能是雇主歧视求职者的另一种潜在方式，而雇主甚至没有意识到这一点)可知，说话会造成社会阶层的歧视。故选D。‎ D Grab an ice cube from the freezer and place it on a table. Watch closely enough and you will see, well, not much at all. The ice cube is absorbing heat, but it is still an ice cube. Before it melts, it will draw heat from the environment to change from solid to liquid. Only then will it begin to slip and slide in a puddle of its own making.‎ And so to A World Without Ice by Henry Pollack, retired professor of geophysics at the University of Michigan and a member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate - 40 -‎ ‎ Change (IPCC) that shared the 2007 Nobel peace prize with AI Gore.‎ The book gets off to a slow start. You may have to work a little before being rewarded. But given time. Pollack’s account warms up and really takes off. The story he has to tell is fascinating, frightening and important.‎ Despite the title, this is not a book about the world without ice. Much is given over to the impact of ice in Earth’s long history, as an important force that shaped our planet’s landscape, controlled migrations and influenced cultures. Pollack takes us through Antarctic and Arctic explorations, the natural cycles that bring us ice ages and milder periods without extremes of heat or cold and the rise of climate science which, among other achievements, can recreate a history of the temperature on Earth from kilometers of ice core drilled from the polar caps.‎ Pollack’s intellectual power and clarity of phrase are invaluable in describing the scientific evidence for global warming, the ways in which it will affect the world, and the all-too-probable consequences. Pollack is not one to brush awkward issues under the carpel. There is serious discussion about uncertainties in climate science, and in particular the computer models used to forecast future warming. For its forensic analysis (取证分析) and strong destruction of climate sceptic (怀疑论者) arguments alone, A World Without Ice is worth keeping on a nearby shelf.‎ Some readers may hind Pollack’s US-centric approach occasionally grating (刺耳的). He tells of intense irrigation in southwestern Kansas, IPCC reports as big as several New York City phone directories and school-day stories from Omaha. But this is forgivable. The US is uniquely placed to act on climate change but faces a significant barrier in the shape of the outdated. influential, oil-funded anti-climate change lobby (游说议员的团体).‎ Thoughtful throughout, Pollack occasionally delivers paragraphs that stay with you long after closing the book. On the subject of the book itself, he writes: “Nature’s best thermometer (温度计), perhaps its most sensitive and unambiguous indicator of climate change, is ice, When ice gets sufficiently warm, it melts. Ice asks no questions, presents no arguments, reads no newspapers, listens to no debates. It is not burdened by ideology and carries no political baggage as it crosses the - 40 -‎ ‎ threshold (门槛) from solid to liquid. It just melts.”‎ A World Without Ice is a call to arms. Debates about which mitigation (减缓) strategies might give us the best chances of reducing our emissions miss the point, Pollack says. If we want to avoid the worst that climate change may bring, we need “every horse in the stable pulling together, and as hard and as fast as possible”.‎ Pollack’s argument is attractive, persuasive and deeply upsetting, no matter the climate change tiredness that unavoidably sets in as a consequence of endless media coverage of global warming. The author’s final warning comes from Lao Tzu, an ancient Chinese philosopher: “If you do not change direction, you may end up where you are heading.”‎ Pollack leaves us in no doubt as to where that is. ‎ ‎65. A World Without Ice mainly focuses on_______.‎ A. the adventures to the freezing Poles B. the impact of ice on human and nature C. the role of climate science in drilling ice D. the process of ice cube turning into water ‎66. We can learn that A World Without Ice________.‎ A. brings us to the core of the issue at the very beginning B. convinces sceptics of the truth about climate change C. gives an in-depth analysis of global warming D. gets funded by anti-climate change lobby ‎67. Why does Henry Pollack think ice is nature’s best thermometer?‎ A. Ice is a reminder of peaceful co-existence.‎ B. Ice is a common topic of the media coverage.‎ C. Ice is a controversial issue in political debates.‎ D. Ice is a clear indicator sensitive to climate change.‎ ‎68. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 8 probably means the book＿____.‎ A. urges us to make joint efforts to fight climate change B. advocates addressing climate change by armed forces C. recommends debating on strategies to reduce emission - 40 -‎ D. calls for separate and tough actions in a timely manner ‎69. What does the underlined word that in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. Warning from Lao Tzu. B. Destination of a journey.‎ C. Effect of global warming. D. Argument on climate change.‎ ‎70. What is the author’s attitude to A World Without Ice?‎ A. Ambiguous. B. Cautious. C. Positive. D. Skeptical.‎ ‎【答案】65. B 66. C 67. D 68. A 69. C 70. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一本由密歇根大学地球物理学退休教授、政府间气候变化专门委员会成员亨利·波拉克写的书——《一个没有冰的世界》。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Despite the title, this is not a book about the world without ice. Much is given over to the impact of ice in Earth’s long history, as an important force that shaped our planet’s landscape, controlled migrations and influenced cultures. (尽管书名如此，但这并不是一本关于没有冰的世界的书。在地球漫长的历史中，作为一种重要的力量，塑造了地球的景观，控制移民和影响文化的重要力量，冰被赋予了很多)可推断，《一个没有冰的世界》主要关注冰对人类和自然的影响。故选B。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段中的Pollack’s intellectual power and clarity of phrase are invaluable in describing the scientific evidence for global warming, the ways in which it will affect the world, and the all-too-probable consequences. Pollack is not one to brush awkward issues under the carpel. There is serious discussion about uncertainties in climate science, and in particular the computer models used to forecast future warming. (在描述全球变暖的科学证据、全球变暖对世界的影响以及极有可能产生的后果时，波拉克的智慧和清晰的措辞是无价的。波拉克不是那种回避棘手问题的人。气候科学中的不确定性被严肃讨论，尤其是用来预测未来变暖的计算机模型。)可知，《一个没有冰的世界》对全球变暖进行了深入的分析。故选C。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第八段中的Nature’s best thermometer (温度计), perhaps its most - 40 -‎ ‎ sensitive and unambiguous indicator of climate change, is ice, When ice gets sufficiently warm, it melts. Ice asks no questions, presents no arguments, reads no newspapers, listens to no debates. It is not burdened by ideology and carries no political baggage as it crosses the threshold (门槛) from solid to liquid. It just melts. (自然界最好的温度计，也许是最敏感和最明确的气候变化指示器，就是冰，当冰变得足够温暖时，它就会融化。冰不提问，不辩论，不读报纸，不听辩论。它没有意识形态的负担，也没有政治包袱，因为它已经跨过了从固体到液体的门槛。它只是融化)可知，亨利·波拉克认为冰是自然界中最好的温度计，因为冰对气候变化非常敏感、能够客观、清晰地显示气候的变化。故选D。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第八段中划线句子A World Without Ice is a call to arms. (《一个没有冰的世界》是一个战斗的号令)及下文If we want to avoid the worst that climate change may bring, we need “every horse in the stable pulling together, and as hard and as fast as possible”.(如果我们想要避免气候变化可能带来的最坏结果，我们需要“马棚里的每匹马都齐心协力，尽可能地努力和快速”)可知，第八段划线的句子可能意味着这本书敦促我们共同努力应对气候变化。故选A。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段Pollack’s argument is attractive, persuasive and deeply upsetting, no matter the climate change tiredness that unavoidably sets in as a consequence of endless media coverage of global warming. The author’s final warning comes from Lao Tzu, an ancient Chinese philosopher: “If you do not change direction, you may end up where you are heading.(波拉克的观点很有吸引力，很有说服力，也很令人不安，尽管媒体对全球变暖的无休止报道不可避免地会让人们对气候变化感到厌倦。作者最后的警告来自中国古代哲学家老子：“如果你不改变方向，你可能会以你要去的地方结束。”)及最后一段中的Pollack leaves us in no doubt as to where that is. (波拉克让我们毫无疑问地知道那在什么地方)可推知，that指代的是上文提到的“全球变暖的影响”。故选C。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段中的For its forensic analysis (取证分析) and strong destruction of climate sceptic (怀疑论者) arguments alone, A World Without Ice is worth keeping on a nearby - 40 -‎ ‎ shelf.(仅仅因为它的法医分析和对气候怀疑论论据的强烈破坏，《一个没有冰的世界》就值得放在附近的架子上)可推知，作者对《一个没有冰的世界》的态度是积极的。故选C。‎ 第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。‎ 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 It’s taken a long time, but people have finally discovered how much information companies like Google and Facebook have on them. We cannot keep sacrificing privacy and dignity to continue using the Internet. However, at the same time, new digital innovations that millions love and enjoy require our data. So what are we to do?‎ The biggest issue with the software industry’s data collection is the span of time for which it stores information. The industry simply does not believe in a delete button. For instance, Google has records of all my locations for the last six years, and Facebook has my deleted messages from nearly 10 years ago. This kind of long-term data storage may seem harmless to some. To others, it may even be useful to know what exactly they were doing on a specific day many years ago, or recover messages from a loved one, or see how much their searching and browsing have changed over time.‎ However, as government surveillance (监视) is emerging as a growing concern — especially in surveillance states-the long-term data storage enacted (实施) by all of the top tech companies is a dream come true for any current or future arbitrary government. A 2013 study surveying US writers found that after they learned of the NSA’s mass surveillance programs, one in six avoided writing on a topic they thought that would subject them to any kind of surveillance, and a further one in six seriously considered avoiding controversial topics.‎ This is why we need online privacy: we have the right to be curious or conduct digit actions without constantly being tracked, or fearing future reprisals (报复). As Edwam Snowden has put it: “Ask yourself: at every point in history, who suffers the most from unjustified surveillance? It is not the privileged, but the vulnerable (弱势群体) surveillance is not about safety. It’s about control.”‎ The world is constantly changing. It may be too difficult or even impossible to some agencies from monitoring your internet activity, but we can at least take a first ‎ - 40 -‎ step and protect ourselves from any potential or future surveillance. They will not have access to life’s diary at the click of a button, or see everywhere you have been for 10 years, or use searching or browsing history from when you were a teenager to question your character. ‎ This Digital Expiry Date offers companies the benefits of getting your data, personalizing results and still making profits, while putting some control in the user’s hands. You will not have to worry about governments or companies in the future mishandling years’ worth of information — which would limit the damage they could do. A Digital Expiry Date would maintain online innovation and profitability, while helping to prevent any future privacy disasters.‎ Passage outline Supporting details Present situation It’s difficult for us to ___71___ privacy and dignity while using the Internet Possible effects ‎◆The software industry can store our ___72___ information and even recover deleted messages 10 years ago.‎ ‎◆Long-term date storage makes it possible to keep ___73___of your privacy without your knowledge.‎ Growing concerns ‎◆All of the top tech companies have enacted the long-term data storage, which is an ___74___ to government surveillance. ‎ ‎◆To avoid being a___75___ for surveillance some writers shrank from controversial topics.‎ ‎◆Surveillance of the vulnerable who conduct digital actions is actually carried out for the sake of ___76___instead of safety.‎ - 40 -‎ ‎___77___ to the problem ‎◆We can create a ___78___to any potential or future surveillance, so some agencies will be ___79___ easy access to our privacy.‎ ‎◆A Digital Expiry Date can be adopted to help people to ________80________ less.‎ ‎【答案】71. protect/ maintain/ keep/ preserve ‎ ‎72. previous/ past/ old ‎ ‎73. track 74. invitation ‎ ‎75. target 76. control ‎ ‎77. Approaches/ Solutions ‎ ‎78. barrier/ block ‎ ‎79. denied/ refused ‎ ‎80. suffer ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。信息时代，数以百万计的人喜爱和享受的新的数字创新需要我们的数据，这让我们的个人信息及隐私很难得到保护。文章介绍了这一现象，提出了一些解决方法。‎ ‎【71题详解】‎ 考查动词。根据第一段中的We cannot keep sacrificing privacy and dignity to continue using the Internet. However, at the same time, new digital innovations that millions love and enjoy require our data. (我们不能为了继续使用互联网而牺牲隐私和尊严。然而，与此同时，数以百万计的人喜爱和享受的新的数字创新需要我们的数据)可知，对我们来说，在使用互联网时保护隐私和尊严是很困难的。故填protect/ maintain/ keep/ preserve。‎ - 40 -‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查形容词。根据第二段中的For instance, Google has records of all my locations for the last six years, and Facebook has my deleted messages from nearly 10 years ago. (例如，谷歌记录了我过去6年的所有位置，Facebook记录了我近10年前删除的信息)可知，软件行业可以存储我们以前的信息，甚至可以恢复10年前被删除的信息。故填previous/ past/ old。‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查名词。根据第二段中的To others, it may even be useful to know what exactly they were doing on a specific day many years ago, or recover messages from a loved one, or see how much their searching and browsing have changed over time. (对另一些人来说，了解他们多年前某一天具体在做什么，或者从所爱的人那里恢复信息，或者了解他们的搜索和浏览行为随着时间的推移发生了多大的变化，这些都是很有用的)可知，长期的数据存储可以在你不知情的情况下跟踪你的隐私。故填track。‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查名词。根据第三段中的However, as government surveillance (监视) is emerging as a growing concern — especially in surveillance states-the long-term data storage enacted (实施) by all of the top tech companies is a dream come true for any current or future arbitrary government. (然而，随着政府监视日益受到关注——尤其是在监视国家——所有顶尖科技公司实施的长期数据存储对任何当前或未来的专断政府来说都是梦想成真)可知，所有顶尖科技公司都实施了长期数据存储，这是对政府监视的一种邀请。故填invitation。‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查名词。根据第三段中的A 2013 study surveying US writers found that after they learned of the NSA’s mass surveillance programs, one in six avoided writing on a topic they thought that would subject them to any kind of surveillance, and a further one in six seriously considered avoiding controversial topics. (2013年一项针对美国作家的调查发现，在得知美国国家安全局的大规模监视项目后，六分之一的作家会避免写他们认为会受到任何形式监视的话题，还有六分之一的作家会认真考虑避免写有争议的话题)可知，为了避免成为监视的目标，一些作家回避有争议的话题。故填target。‎ ‎【76题详解】‎ - 40 -‎ 考查名词。根据第四段中的It is not the privileged, but the vulnerable (弱势群体) surveillance is not about safety. It’s about control. (这不是特权，但是对弱势群体的监视与安全无关。它是关于控制)可知，对那些采取数字行动的弱势群体的监视实际上是为了控制而不是为了安全。故填control。‎ ‎【77题详解】‎ 考查名词。根据右边表格的内容可知，此处是指解决问题的方法。故填Approaches/ Solutions。‎ ‎【78题详解】‎ 考查名词。根据第倒数第二段中的It may be too difficult or even impossible to some agencies from monitoring your internet activity, but we can at least take a first step and protect ourselves from any potential or future surveillance. (对某些机构来说，监控你的网络活动可能太难，甚至是不可能的，但我们至少可以迈出第一步，保护自己免受任何潜在的或未来的监控)可知，我们可以对任何潜在的或未来的监视设置障碍。故填barrier/ block。‎ ‎【79题详解】‎ 考查动词。根据第倒数第二段中的They will not have access to life's diary at the click of a button, or see everywhere you have been for 10 years, or use searching or browsing history from when you were a teenager to question your character. (他们不会点击一个按钮就能看到你的生活日记，也不会看到你10年来到过的任何地方，或者用搜索或浏览你十几岁时的历史来质疑你的性格)可知，一些机构将被拒绝轻易访问我们的隐私。故填denied/ refused。‎ ‎【80题详解】‎ 考查动词。根据最后一段中的This Digital Expiry Date offers companies the benefits of getting your data, personalizing results and still making profits, while putting some control in the user’s hands. You will not have to worry about governments or companies in the future mishandling years’ worth of information — which would limit the damage they could do. (数字失效日期为公司提供了获取数据、个性化结果和仍然盈利的好处，同时将一些控制权交给用户。在未来，你不必担心政府或公司对多年信息的不当处理——这将限制它们可能造成的损害)可知，可以采用数字失效日期来帮助人们减轻痛苦。可以采用数字失效日期来帮助人们减少损害。故填suffer。‎ - 40 -‎ 第五部分 书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎81.请阅读下面文子及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ In a recent survey of 300 Chinese born after 1990, 54 percent of the respondents said they had hair loss, 51 percent had poorer eyesight, 45percent gained weight and 35 percent had weakened immunity. At the same time, about 65 percent said they always stayed up late. Meanwhile, 56.7 percent of interviewees said they didn’t know how to live a healthy life.‎ Wu Feng, who works at a private company in Beijing, was warned in this year’s physical examination report about hyperlipemia, a condition which he ascribed (归因于) to his diet and the fast pace of his life and work.‎ ‎“At work, I usually sit in the office for hours without moving my body. And when I eat at the canteen, the food is quite oily. What’s more, I like to order fast food, such as fried chicken, at night when I work extra hours,” Wu said.‎ A post-90s programmer Wang Ke has been seeing abnormal parameters in his medical report in the past few years. He knew he had some bad habits, but it was not easy for him to change. “I know drinking too much milk tea is unhealthy, but I couldn’t stop myself,” he said.‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ ‎1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；‎ ‎2. 结合上述信息，简要分析不健康的生活方式的危害；‎ - 40 -‎ ‎3. 根据你的实际情况，谈谈如何拥有健康的生活方式。‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3. 不必写标题。‎ ‎【评分标准】‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Among all the factors that influence health, lifestyle plays a dominant role. But many youngsters of today are leading an unhealthy lifestyle, which has caused great damage to their health.‎ An unhealthy lifestyle is definitely one of the major contributors to many health issues. What is widely known is that various illnesses are associated with lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet. Besides, sleep deprivation can not only affect our memory but also our overall health. Worse still, an unhealthy lifestyle may predict a shorter lifespan.‎ From a well-being perspective, it’s crucial that we should develop a healthy lifestyle. Exercise should be taken regularly to boost our immune system. Eating right is also a practical method of living healthily. In addition, too much stress poses a threat to our health, so we should learn to manage it. Most importantly, bear in mind that only with self-discipline can we build and maintain a healthy lifestyle.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达考查学生的读写能力。‎ - 40 -‎ ‎【详解】本篇读写任务首先要求用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；结合上述信息，简要分析不健康的生活方式的危害；根据你的实际情况，谈谈如何拥有健康的生活方式。半开放性作文给出了一个话题，并有部分的文字提示。给考生自由发挥的余地较大。对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。在完成开放性作文时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在你的能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，因为这样你才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体，如besides，worse still，in addition，most importantly等。在发表个人观点的时候，可以使用谚语来提升整个文章的档次和文采，也能增加得高分的可能性。切记写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；不必写标题。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如非限定性定语从句But many youngsters of today are leading an unhealthy lifestyle, which has caused great damage to their health.主语从句及表语从句What is widely known is that various illnesses are associated with lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet.使用not only…but also结构Besides, sleep deprivation can not only affect our memory but also our overall health.非谓语动词Eating right is also a practical method of living healthily.倒装句型Most importantly, bear in mind that only with self-discipline can we build and maintain a healthy lifestyle.全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，过渡词及短语besides，worse still，in addition，most importantly的使用，使得文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ ‎ ‎ - 40 -‎ - 40 -‎