高考英语陷阱题总结归纳—形容词与副词(附详解)

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高考英语陷阱题总结归纳—形容词与副词(附详解)

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——形容词与副词 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell ____. A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad 【陷阱】容易误选 B,认为两个 smell 均为连系动词,后接形容词作表语。 【分析】这是 1995 年的一道上海高考题,最佳答案为 D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义 动词,意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”,smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”;第二个 smell 为连系动词,意为 “闻起来(有某种气味)”,smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎 狗的嗅觉不好,但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。 2. “_____ do you think of your English teacher?” “Oh, he is an _____ man.” A. What, interesting B. What, interested C. How, interesting D. How, interested 【陷阱】容易误选 D,认为第一空应填 how,表示“如何”;第二空应填 interested,因 为有的书上说 –ing 形容词主要说明事物,-ed 形容词主要说明人。 【分析】其实最佳答案应是 A。英语中表示汉语的“你觉得……如何?”时,可用 How do you like ...? 或 What do you think of ...? 注意两者搭配不同,即 like 与 how 搭配,think of 与 what 搭配。另一方面,有的书认为:-ing 形容词说明事,-ed 形容词说明人。此说法在 很多情况下是可行的,但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是:表示使(别)人感到如何, 用-ing 形容词;表示人自己本身感到如何,用-ed 形容词。比较: All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。 All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。 I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。 I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。 再比较: He is frightened. 他很害怕。 He is frightening. 他很吓人。 He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。 He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 3. The operation was successful, but I still felt _____. A. very painful B. much painful C. a lot of pain D. very paining 【陷阱】容易误选 A,想当然地认为:pain 表示“痛”,其形容词 painful 自然表示表示“感 到疼痛的”。 【分析】其实 painful 的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”,而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使 人感到痛苦的”,所以它通常用于说明事物,而不宜用于说明人。比较并体会: 他仍很痛苦。 正:He is still in pain. 误:He’s still painful. 你感到痛吗? 正:Do you feel any pain? 误:Are you painful? 见到你这样生活我很痛心。 正:I am pained to see you living this way. 误:I am painful to see you living this way. 听到他的死讯,我们都很痛苦。 误:We were all painful to hear of his death. 正:We were all pained to hear of his death. 他眼睛痛。 正:He has painful eyes. 误:He’s painful in the eyes. 4. “Our team is _____ to win the match.” “Really? But I don’t think so.” A. easy B. difficult C. possible D. sure 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选,因为假若单纯从中文意思来看,四个答案均说得通。 【分析】正确答案为 D,A、B、C 三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通,但不合英 语习惯。因为按英语习惯,easy 和 difficult 后接不定式时,其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it, 而不能是具体的人或物,除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。如: 他回答案这个问题很容易。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 误:He’s very easy to answer this quesiton. 正:It is very easy for her to answer this quesiton. (用形式主语 it 作主语) 正:The question is very easy for her to answer. (主语为具体的事物,但它与其后不定式有 动宾关系,即 to answer this quesiton) 我们很难在半小时内完成这工作。 误:We are very difficult to finish the work in half an hour. 正:It is very difficult for us to finish the work in half an hour. (用形式主语 it 作主语) 对 possible 来说,后接不定式时,其主语只能是 it,不能是具体的人或事物,即使该 主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系也不可以。如: 我们可能会赢得这场比赛。 误:We are possible to win the match. 误:The match is possible for us to win. 正:It is possible that we will win the match. 正:It is possible for us to win the match. 5. I think he is _____ to tell us the secret, but I’m not sure. A. possible B. likely C. impossible D. certain 【陷阱】A、B、C 三项均有可能被选择。 【分析】根据句意首先排除 D;再根据上面一题的分析,排除 A 和 C;也就是说,此 题最佳答案为 B。注意 likely 的用法,它与 possible 所用句型不同,请看实例: Are we likely to arrive in time? 我们会及时赶到吗? It’s very likely that he will ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能会给我来电话。 They will very likely come by car. 他们很可能会坐汽车来。(该句中的 likely 为副词,而 前两句中的 likely 为形容词) 6. Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning at my office if ________. A. you’re convenient B. it is convenient for you C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you 【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 C,因为许多同学将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 【分析】最佳答案为 B,因为英语中的 convenient 不是表示“感到方便的”,而是表示“使 人感到方便的”,所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”,英 语通常 if it is convenient for [to] you,其中的介词可用 for 或 to,但一般不用 with。顺便说 一句,偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient 的主语,但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点: 句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,如: Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见 玛丽较为方便。 The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 这家具搬起来 很方便。 7. We were two hours late that day, which was due to the ______. A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics C. busy traffic D. busy traffics 【陷阱】容易误选 A,因为许多同学将汉语中的“拥挤的交通”直译为 crowded traffic(s); 由于 traffic 不可数,排除含 traffics 的选项,所以许多考生便选定答案 A。 【分析】其实,此题的最佳答案是 C,因为英语的 traffic 习惯上不用 crowded 修饰, 而用 busy 或 heavy 修饰,以说明“交通”的“拥挤”。类似这样的在修饰语方面需特别注意的 还有: (1) 汉语的“绿茶”说成英语是 green tea,但相应的“红茶”却是 black tea 而不是 red tea。 (2) 可说 thick soup(浓汤),但不说 thick coffee (tea);要表示“浓咖啡(茶)”,可用 strong coffee (tea)。 (3) 可说 thin soup(稀汤),但不说 thin coffee (tea);要表示“淡咖啡(茶)”,可用 weak coffee (tea)。 8. Mary is very clever and _____ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _____ asleep in class. A. very, very B. much, very C. well, very D. well, fast 【陷阱】容易误选 A,因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。 【分析】但是,许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的 very 来直译的。如汉语“我很喜 欢英语”,在英语中就不能说成 I very like English,而应说成 I like English very much,因为 副词 very 在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选 A,是因为形容词 worth 和 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 asleep 习惯上不能用副词 very 来修饰,而是分别用 well 和 fast 修饰,即说成 be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事),be fast (或 sound) asleep(熟睡),所以此题的最佳答案应选 D。 9. “Could I take your order now?” “Yes. One _____ tea and two _____ coffees.” A. black, white B. red, white C. black, green D. red, black 【陷阱】容易误选 B 或 D。 【分析】按汉语习惯,在“茶”前要加表颜色的形容词通常应是“红”和“绿”,即说“红茶” 和“绿茶”。但是在英语中,人们虽然可直接用 green tea 来表示“绿茶”,但却不能直接用 red tea 来表示“红茶”,汉语中的“红茶”说成英语应是 black tea,所以第一空应填 black,即选 A 或 C。对于第二空,coffee 前通常使用的表颜色的形容词是 white 和 black,其中 white coffee 指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色),black coffee 指“没有加牛奶的咖啡”(即纯咖啡或清咖 啡),由此可知上题的最佳答案应是 A。 10. Entering the house we found him lying on the bed with his mouth _______ and eyes _______. A. open, close B. opened, closed C. opened, close D. open, closed 【陷阱】此题很容易误选 A。 【分析】答案应选 D。open 和 close 均可用作动词,前者表示“开”,后者表示“关”, 是一对反义词,如: Please open your mouth and close your eyes. 请张开嘴,闭上眼。 但是 open 和 close 也可用作形容词,此时前者意为“开着的”,后者意为“接近的”、“亲 近的”等,而并不表示“关着的”,要表示“关着的”,英语用 closed,即用作形容词时,open 与 close 不是一对反义词,而与 closed 才是反义词。 11. A ______ road goes ______ from one place to another. A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight 【陷阱】容易误选 C。认为 straightly 是 straight 的副词形式。 【分析】在现代英语中,straight 既可用作形容词,也可用作副词。而 straightly 这个副 词在现代英语中已被废弃,许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选 A。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 ◆精编陷阱题训练◆ 1. It was _____ opportunity to miss. A. too good an B. a too good C. too a good D. too good 2. I don’t like it at all. It can’t be _____. A. better B. worse C. best D. worst 3. There was nothing special about this film — it was only ______. A. particular B. average C. interesting D. strange 4. She looks very _____ but I can’t remember her name. A. similar B. familiar C. friendly D. strange 5. He said he would return the money, and I was ______. A. fool enough to believe him B. enough fool to believe him C. fool enough believing him D. enough fool believing him 6. “This book is ______ more useful for us students.” “Yes, but it is _______ too difficult.” A. quite, quite B. much, rather C. rather, quite D. quite, much 7. The children all looked _____ at the broken model plane and felt quite _____. A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad 8. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _______ house in the forest. A. wooden pretty little B. little pretty wooden C. pretty little wooden D. wooden little pretty 9. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friends if there was _______ to read. A. something easy enough B. something enough easy C. enough easy something D. easy enough something 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 10. The doctor assured the patient that there was ______ with her, but she could not help worrying. A. seriously wrong nothing B. nothing serious wrong C. nothing seriously wrong D. serious nothing wrong 11. —How is your father? —He’s fine. He’s______ to play tennis every Sunday. A. enough active still B. enough still active C. still active enough D. still enough active 12. —Did you wash your new suit in hot water? —Of course not. I am not ______ foolish. A. very B. that C. very much D. too 13.—Which team is _______ to win the game? —I don’t know, but I’ve found _______ for ours to win. A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it possible C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly 14. He didn’t understand the _______ question, so there was a ______ expression on his face. A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling 15. She can speak _______ in front of Mack, but she can’t eat ______ in his restaurant. A. free, free B. free, freely C. freely, free D. freely, freely 16. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ____ to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 17. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he _______ passed the last exam. A. easily B. hardly C. actually D. successfully ◆答案与解析◆ 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 1. 选 A,too … to … 结构除用于“too + 形容词或副词 + to do sth”外,也可用于“too + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + to do sth”。 2. 选 B,it can’t be worse 相当于 It’s the worst thing I ever knew。 3. 选 B,average 意为“平常的”、“普通的”。 4. 选 B,similar 指“相似”,familiar 指“熟悉”。 5. 选 A,此处的 fool 虽为名词,但具有形容词的性质,相当于 foolish。 6. 选 B。虽然 quite, rather, much 均可用于加强语气,但是修饰比较级或副词 too(太) 时,只能用 rather 或 much,而不用 quite。 7. 选 D。第一个 look 是实义动词(注意与之搭配的介词 at),第二个 look 是连系动词。 8. 选 C。多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时,它们的位置遵循这样的原则:描绘形容词 —大小(长短高低)形容词—形状形容词—年龄(新旧)形容词—颜色形容词—国籍形容词 —材料形容词—用途(类别)形容词—名词(动名词)。 9. 选 A。做对此题要注意两点:一是修饰 something, anything, nothing 等复合不定代词 的形容词,应置于被修饰语之后;二是副词 enough 修饰形容词或副词时也应置于被修饰语 之后。 10. 选 C。wrong 修饰 nothing,seriously 修饰 wrong。 11. 选 C。still 修饰 active,置于其前;而副词 enough 修饰形容词或副词时应置于被 修饰语之后。 12. 选 B。that 在此用作副词,不是代词,用法相当于 so。其余三者填入空格处语意不 通。 13. 选 B。理由见“典型陷阱题分析”第 5 题。 14. 选 A。理由见“典型陷阱题分析”第 2 题。 15. 选 C。第一空填 freely,意为“自由地”;第二空填 free,意为“免费地”。 16. 选 A。close 与 closely 的区别是:指实际距离近,用 close;指抽象意义,用 closely。 17. 选 B。首先应弄清 second to none 的意思,照字面理解是“对谁都不是第二”,言外 之意就是“第一”,或者说是“最好”。再联系句中的 but 可知,选项 B 最恰当。
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