2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之三：数词

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之三：数词

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之三：数词 ‎(一)考点练悟(用数词填空)‎ There are 1.________ seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. A year can also be divided into 2.________ months. Each month is divided into 3.______ periods: the first, the middle and the last tenday period. Mother's Day falls on the 4.________ Sunday of May while Father's Day on the 5.________ Sunday of June every year. The 6.________ month of the year is December. There are 7.________ complete weeks plus an extra day, or 8.______ in a year because there are 9.________ days in a common year but 10.________ days in a leap year.‎ 答案：1.four　2.twelve　3.three　4.second　5.third ‎6．twelfth　7.fiftytwo　8.two　9.three hundred and sixtyfive　10.three hundred and sixtysix ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向——如何确定填数词的形式 看到in one's＋数词，表示“在某人几十多岁”，要用基数词的复数；看到in the＋数词，表示“在几十年代”‎ 要用基数词的复数；看到数词＋of形式，数词要用复数形式。‎ 解题规则——如何确定填什么数词 ‎1．基数词和序数词对比记忆 one—first; two—second; ‎ three—third; four—fourth; ‎ five—fifth; six—sixth; ‎ seven—seventh; eight—eighth；‎ nine—ninth; ten—tenth; ‎ twenty—twentieth; thirty—thirtieth; ‎ forty—fortieth; fifty—fiftieth Beijing is the second largest city in China.‎ ‎2．基数词dozen, score; hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数目时不能加s; 但是有介词of，构成“数以千计；数以百万计”等时，数词要用复数形式。如：‎ six hundred; hundreds of people; ‎ ‎3．基数词的位置 常位于another, all之后，such, more之前，可置于last, next, other之前或之后。如：‎ another two days; one more apple; two such pens; his last two days.‎ ‎(一)考点练悟 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to ‎ be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.____________‎ 解析：five→fifth　“上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade或in Grade 5/Five。‎ ‎2．(2019·太原阶段测评)In the early twenty century, a government language policy created Modern Standard Chinese, which is now the official language of China.____________‎ 解析：twenty→twentieth　此处应用序数词表示“在20世纪早期”。‎ ‎3．(2019·江西临川一中模拟)Lu Yonggen, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has donated all his savings of 8.8 millions yuan to educational causes.____________‎ 解析：millions→million　考查数词 million表示确切的数目时不能加s。‎ ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 看到数词要考虑基数词序数词相互转换；数词单复数形式是否正确。‎ 解题规则 ‎1．牢记必须用序数词的形式：“the first/second/third prize/time”； my eighteenth/twentieth birthday；every third day ‎2．牢记必须用基数词的形式： during the six/five days; every two/five days ‎[课堂应用体验]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2019·福州质量抽测)The information I __1__ (collect) in the last few years leads me to believe that speed reading may be less __2__ (use) than most people think. The claim that you can read and comprehend over 30，000 words per minute is overstated. One researcher proved this in a study where irrelevant and illogical sentences were added to the text. The “speed readers” __3__ were tested didn't notice the irrelevant lines — the readers who read slowly spotted them immediately.‎ I've interviewed people who have attended the introductory sessions __4__ (offer) by some speed reading courses. __5__ (them)stories indicate that improper methods are sometimes used to sell the courses. Here's how: First, you're asked to read a passage from a book __6__ which most persons would be unfamiliar. Your reading speed and comprehension are tested during this exercise. Then, after about half __7__ hour of instruction, another reading test is given. But this time the reading is the one most educated Americans know well — such as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Not __8__ (surprising), persons attending these introductory sessions find that their “exit” speed and comprehension are better than their “entry” __9__ (perform). ‎ I'm one of the fiction readers who appreciate the beauty in good writing. Occasionally I'll read a passage or sentence over and over just ‎ __10__ (let) the beauty of its construction soak in (渗透). Good writing must be read carefully and thoughtfully to be fully appreciated.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。过去几年“我”收集到的信息表明，快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用，仔细阅读才能领略文字的魅力。‎ ‎1．have collected/have been collecting　考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“in the last few years”可知，该处可用现在完成时，意为“过去几年收集到的信息让我相信快速阅读可能没有大多数人认为的那么有用”；收集信息的动作也可以看成从过去开始一直持续到当前的动作，故也可以用现在完成进行时。故填have collected/have been collecting。‎ ‎2．useful　考查形容词。句意参见上题解析。根据空前的“be less”及空后的“than”可知，空处应用形容词，故填useful。‎ ‎3．who/that　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The “speed readers”，且在从句中作主语，表示人，故用who或that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎4．offered　考查非谓语动词。根据空后的“by”并结合语境可知， 动词offer和其主语“the introductory sessions”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎5．Their　考查代词。根据空前一句中的“I've interviewed people”及空后的“stories”可知，此处表示“他们的故事”，故用形容词性物主代词Their。‎ ‎6．with　考查介词。分析该句结构可知，该句为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，be unfamiliar with sth.为固定用法，意为“对某事物不熟悉”，故空处应填介词with。‎ ‎7．an　考查冠词。half an hour意为“半小时”，为固定用法，故用不定冠词an。‎ ‎8．surprisingly　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰整个句子，表示“不足为奇的是”，故用surprising的副词形式surprisingly。‎ ‎9．performance(s)　考查词性转换。根据本句中的“their ‘exit’speed”以及空前的“their ‘entry’”可知，空处应用名词；performance意为“表现”时可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，故填performance(s)。‎ ‎10．to let　考查动词的不定式。该句意为：我偶尔会反复地阅读一个章节或者一个句子，仅是为了使其结构之美渗透出来。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处表示目的，故用动词不定式。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2019·安徽省皖江名校联盟高三摸底联考)To increase the aware of protecting the environment, last Saturday we, some volunteers, carried out environmental protection activity in the Civil Square.‎ In the morning, we have gathered at the school gate at 7：00. Then we walked to the square, when we were divided into several groups. Some collected the rubbishes on the square, some cleared the old posters off the walls, and another swept the ground. The duty of my group is to ‎ deliver environmental protection brochures and introduces the importance of environmental protection.‎ Time passed quickly. It was getting late after we knew it and the square looked more beautifully. Tiring as I was, I was very happy because we did do something to protect the environment.‎ 答案：第一句：aware→awareness；environmental前加an 第二句：去掉have 第三句：when→where 第四句：rubbishes→rubbish；another→others 第五句：introduces→introduce 第七句：after→before；beautifully→beautiful 第八句：Tiring→Tired