高考英语一轮复习系列教师版专题01 定语从句教学卷

高考英语一轮复习系列教师版专题01 定语从句教学卷

备战2011届高考英语（通用版）一轮复习 专题01 定语从句 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考试热点。在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。‎ 定语从句常被考查的知识有：（1）九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句；（2）七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句；（3）对as，which，that，what代词的理解区分及运用。考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。总之，对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上，我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。‎ ‎【知识要点】‎ 一、定语从句的意义 形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。 二、关系词的用法 引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。 关系副词有when，where，why等。 关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。‎ ‎1.关系代词的用法： ‎1)由who引导的定语从句 关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如： A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student. 教师是传授知识的人。（关系代词在从句中作主语） The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars. 能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。（关系代词who在从句中作主语） ‎2)由whom引导的定语从句 关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如： The man whom you met on the street is my father. 你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。（关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略） The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow. 昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。（关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略） ‎3)由that引导的定语从句 关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。如： She is the woman that often comes here. 她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人） The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather. 桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的that可以用which替换） Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢？（关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换） The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物) ‎4)由which引导的定语从句 关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如： He came late，which made the teacher angry. 他来晚了，这使老师很生气。（which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语） That is the pencil which I lost yesterday. 那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。（which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which可以省略）5)由whose引导的定语从句 关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如： This is the boy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。 （whose作定语，指人） 注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。 He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)他写了本书，书的名字我彻底忘了。‎ ‎2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点 ‎1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who而不用that。 先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如： Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 任何触犯法律的人都应该受到惩罚。 先行词为those时，宜用who。如： Those who want to see the film sign up here. 想看电影的人在这儿签名。 一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个用who。 The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.‎ 昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。 ‎2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，而不用which。 在there+be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如： There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。 There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如： This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。‎ 以Here is (are)开头的句子时。如： Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。 Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。 It is (high)time+定语从句中。如： It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。 It is high time that they started out.他们该动身了。 当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。如： This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。 She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。 在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。如： He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest. 他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。 My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here. 我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。 当先行词被the last ，the very 和the only修饰时。如： This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。 The only book I want to read is missing.我惟一想看的书不见了。 在强调句子中，并且以who，which，what开头时。如： Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复）What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了？ 当先行词前有序数词时。如： You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要见的第一个人。 This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。 当先行词被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修饰时，如： This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。 Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值得看的书吗？ 当先行词既指人又指物时。如： The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them. 我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。 Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember. 让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。 当先行词为anything，everything，nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用something时，用which或者that均可。如： Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。 I have nothing that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。 当先行词是疑问代词who时。如： Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？ ‎3)that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如： This is the book (which)you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。 I don’t like the novel (that)you are reading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。 ‎4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如： Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon. 请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。 ‎（先行词those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了） This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。 ‎（先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent） ‎5)定语从句的时态不要求与主句时态一致。如： The story which I read last night is very interesting. 我昨天晚上看的那则故事非常有趣。‎ ‎3.关系副词的用法 ‎1)when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. 我仍然记得我成为大学生的那个时刻。 Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 你知道林肯出生的日期吗？ 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如： Each time he came，he did his best to help us.每次他来，都尽他所能帮我们。 ‎2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。如： This is the hotel where they are staying.这是他们住的旅馆。 I forget the house where the Smiths lived.我不记得史密斯先生住过的房子了。 注：where有时也可以省略。如： This is the place (where)we met yesterday. 这是我们昨天见面的地方。 ‎3)why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他为什么要离开的原因。 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.那就是他做此事的真正原因。‎ ‎4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点： ‎1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in，at，during...)+which; where = in (at，on...)+which; why = for which.如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which)he arrived. 他到的时候，当时我正在北京。 The office where (=in which)he works is on the third floor. 他工作的办公室在三楼。 This is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.这是我们做这件事的主要原因。 ‎2)当先行词是表时间的time，day等和表地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. 我将永远不会忘记我的家乡被解放的那一天。 I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. 我将永远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时光。 ‎3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。 三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人时，就只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物时，就只能用which。‎ ‎1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which (指物)或whom 关系代词不能省略。如：‎ He has found a good job for which he is qualified. 他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。 ‎（qualify + 名词+for意为“使……具有……资格”） The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow. 你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。（ talk to+名词意为“与某人谈话”） He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。（名词+rent at+表示价格的词意为“某物以某价格出租”）‎ ‎2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如： This is the hero (that/who/whom)we are proud of.这就是我们引以为豪的英雄。 This is the pen ( that/which)I wrote the letter with.这就是我用来写信的那枝笔。‎ ‎3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大高树。 The monkey crossed the river，in the middle of which he was almost killed. 那只猴子过了河，在河中央它差点淹死。 注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如： This is the pen which I’m looking for.这正是我在寻找的那枝笔。 The boys he is looking after are very healthy. 他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。‎ ‎4.介词+关系代词=关系副词 ‎1）这就是我们去年住过的房间。 This is the room which we lived in last year. This is the room in which we lived last year. This is the room where we lived last year. ‎2)我仍然记得我入党的那一天。 I still remember the day on which I joined the Party. I still remember the day when I joined the Party. 通过对上述知识的掌握，对于一个句子我们可用不同的表达方法来表达。如： 那就是他工作的大学。 四、定语从句的种类以及区别 ‎1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）‎ 和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）‎ 不用逗号分开 一般使用逗号分开 可用关系代词that引导 不可用关系代词that引导 可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）‎ 不可以省略 可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）‎ 不能替代 只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。‎ 请看下面例句的不同含义： 限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。 She has two sons who are P.L.A.men. ‎(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.) 非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。 She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men. ‎(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.) 体会下列非限制性定语从句 Yesterday I met Li Ping，who seemed to be busy. 昨天我遇到了李平，他看起来很忙。 We will put off the meeting until next week，when we won’t be so busy. 我们将把会议推迟到下周举行，到那时我们就不会这么忙了。‎ ‎2.关系代词which与as引导定语从句的区别 which与as都可以引导定语从句，但它们有许多用法上的区别，现就此简要分析如下： ‎1)which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别： which只能放在主句后面，而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活，可在前，可在后。如： As he realized，I was very useful to him. ‎（在前）正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用。 Air，as we know，is a gas.（在中）空气，众所周知，是一种气体。 He was a foreigner，as I know from his accent. ‎(在后)他是个外国人，正像我从他的口音判断的那样。 He came late again，which made his boss angry. ‎（在后）他又来晚了，这一点使得老板很生气。 在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am，is，are，则这些系动词不能省略，而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。如： He is a teacher，as (is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)他是个老师，这从他的言谈举止可看清楚。 He said he had never seen her before，which was not true. ‎（was 不可省略）他说他从来没见过她，这一点不对。 当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，意思是“这件事”。如： He changed his mind，which (and this，and that)made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。 She has married again，which (and this，and that)was unexpected. 出乎意料的是，她又结婚了。 而as主要起与上下文连接的作用，表达说话人的看法、观点，并指出主句内容的出处或根据等。如： Einstein，as we know，is a famous scientist.爱因斯坦，众所周知，是位伟大的科学家。 As is announced in today’s newspaper，we must improve our style of work. 今天的报纸上说，我们必须改进工作作风。 作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语，而as只可以作系动词be的主语。如: He married her，which was natural. ‎（可用as代替which）他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。 He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry，which made him illustrious. ‎(不可用as代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。 当定语从句位于主句之后，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，不带有“如……那样”的意思时，往往用which，而不用as。如： They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honor to them. 他们被邀请参加国宴，这对他们来说是莫大的荣幸。 We had to sleep in our wet clothes，which was most uncomfortable. 我们不得不穿着湿衣服睡觉，这简直太不舒服了。 Mummy always treats me just like a baby，which I can’t bear. 妈妈老把我当成小孩子对待，这让我无法忍受。 当定语从句有“如同……那样”的意思时，用as比用which更常见，而这些从句几乎成为固定说法。如：‎ Things will turn out contrary to one’s wishes，as is often the case. 事与愿违，这是常有的事。 As was natural， this inordinate hope was followed by an excessive depression. 这种过分希望之后，接着是极度的沮丧，是很自然的事。 Chaucer is buried in “Poet’s Corner”，as might have been expected. 正如人们已经预料的，乔叟被葬在“诗人角”。 The material is elastic，as is show in the figure.这种材料有弹性，如图所示。 as we know众所周知 as has been said above/before正如前文所述 as has been pointed out正如已经指出的 as might be imagined可以想像得到 当定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时，只能用which。如： These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前种下的，没结出任何果实。 The Thames，which is now clean enough to swim in，was polluted for over a hundred years. 泰晤士河，现在已经很干净，可以在里面游泳，它曾被污染了一百多年。 带介词的典型的定语从句，必须用which，不能用as。如： There is a great deal of oxygen around us，without which we could not live.我们周围有许多氧气，没有它我们就无法生存。 The shed in our garden，in which we often played，has lasted for a long time. 我们经常玩耍的花园里的那个棚子，已经有很长时间了。 ‎2)引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别： 先行词如为表示物的名词或代词，在从句中又作介词的宾语时，只能用which。如： This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. 这就是我煮牛奶的锅。 前面有as时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as，不用which。如： There are as many dictionaries as are needed.所需要的字典都有了。 前面有such时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which。如： Such women as know Tom thought he was charming. 认识汤姆的女人都认为他很迷人。 I have never heard such stories as he tells.他讲的那些故事我从没听过。 He is not such a man as I expected.他不是我期望的那种人。 前面有the same时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as而不用which。如： We are facing the same problems as we did years ago. 我们正面临着和多年以前同样的困难。 This is the same wallet as I lost.这只钱包与我丢失的那只相同。 I have the same trouble as you have.我和你有着同样的困难。 总之，which与as引导定语从句的区别要在实践中多体会，体会多了，才能正确运用。 五、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致的问题 ‎1.one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。如： Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.《泰坦尼克号》是在好莱坞拍的最好的电影之一。 ‎2.the (only)one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。如： The Great Wall is the (only)one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 长城是地球上惟一一个从月球上能够看到的建筑。 ‎3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如： Great changes have taken place in China，as is known to all. 中国发生了巨大的变化，众所周知。 ‎4.其他情况 I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，要尽全力帮助你。 To own a colour TV set in each family，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true. 每家拥有一台彩电，这在20年前我们认为不可能的事情，现在变成了现实。 Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about? 你听说了他们谈论的人和事了吗？ ‎【考点诠释】‎ 定语从句 考点1 “介词+关系代词which/whom”中介词和关系代词的选择 介词后作宾语的关系代词为历年高考考查的重点，一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：‎ ‎①The pen with which he wrote was made in China．他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的。‎ ‎②The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very ‎ fast．汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐的火车速度非常快。‎ ‎③The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students．那位老师对他的学生非常有耐心，他家的房子前面有一棵大树。‎ 考点2 as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的判定 ‎1．as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。‎ ‎(1)此时的as意为“正如……，正像……”。翻译时有时可不必译出。如：‎ You are clever，as all those who know you can see．你很聪明，所有认识你的人都能看出来。‎ ‎(2)在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词(如see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等)的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。如：‎ As we all know，China is becoming stronger and stronger．众所周知，中国正变得越来越强大。‎ ‎(3)as引导的从句可以前置(而which引导的从句则不可)。如：‎ As is a fact，Mike is expected to make a top student．这是一个事实，迈克有望成为一名顶尖的学生。‎ 特别提示 主句中出现the same，such，so修饰先行词时，要选择as作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，此时as引导的是限制性定语从句。另外要注意：‎ ‎(1)the same…that与the same…as引导的定语从句在意义上的区别：前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西；而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。试比较：‎ ‎①This is the same bag that I lost yesterday．这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)‎ ‎②This is the same bag as I lost yesterday．这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个)‎ ‎(2)such/so…as…和such /so…that…结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。如：‎ ‎①They talked in such simple English as children could understand．他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。(定语从句，as代替先行词simple English作understand的宾语)‎ ‎②He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke．他如此用力地关窗，结果玻璃碎了。(结果状语从句，that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果)‎ ‎2．which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。‎ ‎(1)which此时指前面主句所提到的，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开，且从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。如：‎ He works very well，which makes his boss satisfied．他工作干得不错．，这使得他的老板很满意。‎ ‎(2)which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。如：‎ She succeeded in the competition，which satisfied her parents．她在比赛中取得成功，这使得她的父母很满意。‎ ‎(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。如：He often works far into the night，by which time everyone else has left the office．他通常工作到深夜，到那时其他人 已下班了。‎ 特别提示 高考一般不考查as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别，但近年高考试题中出现过这个考点。一般来说，如果从句的含义是顺接主句的叙述，那么这两个词都可以使用；如果从句的含义是对主句的否定，或者语意不是顺接的，则只能用which。如：‎ ‎①He came late to school，which/as was what we had expected．他上学迟到了，这是我们意料中的。‎ ‎②He came late to school，which surprised US a11．他上学迟到了，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。(不可用as)‎ 考点3 关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句的辨别 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语；而关系副词在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。一般来说，关系副词在语义上相当于”介词+which”结构。试比较：‎ ‎①I’ll never forget the days which I spent with you．我不会忘记我们在一起度过的岁月。(which在定语从句中作spent的宾语)‎ ‎②I’ll never forget the days when(=in which)we studied in ‎ Beijing．我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京学习的时光。(when在定语从句中作时间状语，studied在此处为不及物动词，后面不再接宾语)‎ 考点4 定语从句的间隔现象 定语从句一般紧接被它修饰的先行词，但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做被分隔的定语从句。在这种情况下，对关系词的准确判断显得相当重要，而且在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读时要注意识别。一般来说，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种情况：在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语、定语，或被谓语动词分隔开。如：‎ ‎①Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还记得十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链吗?‎ ‎(先行词one afternoon与定语从句被状语ten years ago分隔开了)‎ ‎②A new teacher will eOlTle tomorrow who will teach you German．明天，一位新老师将来教你们德语。(先行词a new teacher与定语从句被谓语部分和时间状语will come tomorrow隔开了)关系代词在下列情况下常省略：(1)作及物动词的宾语时；(2)作介词的宾语，当关系代词与介词分开使用时，可以省略。但若是关系代词与介词连用，则不能省略。如：‎ ‎①The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue．我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(作动词put的宾语)‎ ‎②who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作介词to的宾语)‎ ‎③Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel．请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。(关系代词不能省略)‎ 有些句型结构如同位语从句、状语从句和强调句与定语从句结构较相似，稍不认真就会出错。‎ ‎1．定语从句与同位语从句的区别 定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：‎ ‎①He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the eompany．他许诺如果他能获得那份工作，他将努力为公司挣尽可能多的 钱。(that引导的同位语从句是对先行词a promise的进一步解释和说明)‎ ‎②Mike’s parents made a special promise to Tom that surprisedTom．迈克的父母对汤姆许下了一个特别的诺言，这使得汤姆很惊奇。(that引导的定语从句是对先行词promise的修饰和限制)‎ ‎2．定语从句与强调句的区别 定语从句和强调句的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was…that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强 调句。如：‎ It was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi．在1998年，洪水毁坏了江西地区很多的房屋。(强调句)‎ ‎(判断方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi，句子结构完整，可判定原句为强调句)‎ ‎3．定语从句与状语从句的区别 定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰名词、代词或句子；并且，这个被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词，通常放在定语从句之前。状语从句在句子中作状语，修饰动词；通常不同的状语从句有不同的连词，位置较灵活，通常放在句首或句末，有时也放在句中。‎ 以where为例来说明：‎ ‎①Let’s have a short meeting where we met last time．我们在上次见面的地方开个短会吧。(Where we met last time是地点状语从句，在句中作地点状语，表示开会的地方)‎ ‎②This is the place where we had a meeting last time．这就是我们上次开会的地方。(Where we had a meeting last time是定语从句，在句中作定语修饰the place)‎ ‎【高考链接】‎ ‎1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,38)Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ ‎ ‎ we may return in the near future.‎ A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which ‎2.(2010高考英语重庆卷,28)In china, the number of cities is increasing _ ______ _development is recognized across the world.‎ A. where B. which C. whose D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查定语从句。development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。句意是：在中国，城市的数量在增加，城市的发展被全世界意识到。‎ ‎3.(2010高考英语浙江卷,3)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city. ‎ A．whom B．which C．them D．those ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考查定语从句引导词。由many之后的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。‎ ‎4.(2010高考英语天津卷,8)Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?‎ You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.‎ A. as B. which C. where D. that ‎5.(2010高考英语四川卷,10)After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，______ turned out to be a wise decision．‎ A．that B．which C．when D．where ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。句意为:“大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间后去旅游，这证明结果是个明智的决定。”‎ ‎6.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,40)Samuel survived when the car ______ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree.‎ ‎ A．where B．that C．as D．why ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】定语从句。做好定语从句试题的关键是，在主句中教出先行词，然后把先行词代入从句中，判断其在从句牛的成分。此处先行词the car在从句中作in的宾语，应该斥关系代词which或者that。因此选B项。‎ ‎7.(2010高考英语陕西卷,11)The old temple _ ______ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. ‎ A. where B. which C. its D. whose ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。‎ ‎8.(2010高考英语山东卷,24)That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. whose D. what ‎9.(2010高考英语江西卷,31)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.‎ A where B who C which D what ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考考查定语从句。句意：这个女孩被安排与她姐姐一起在培训中心上钢琴课，在那儿她愿意待上一个小时。where引导限制性定语从句，修饰at the training centre．‎ ‎10.(2010高考英语江苏卷,32)The newly built café, the walls of_ ______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.‎ A. that B. it C. what D. which ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。“the walls of which are painted light green”是定语从句。修饰先行词cafe。which引导非限制性定语从句，代指cafe，在从句中作介词of的宾语。由于关系代词前有介词，所以A项错误。‎ ‎11.(2010高考英语湖南卷,28)I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year.‎ A. who B. where C. when D. which ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who，即A项。‎ ‎12.(2010高考英语福建卷,24)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has develop gradually.‎ A. that B. where C. which D. whose ‎13.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,24)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______ is named after his grandfather.‎ ‎ A. which B. where C. what D. that ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句在逗号之后，可判断为非限制性定语从句。先行词a village school在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词which，故选A。‎ ‎14.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,16)I refuse to accept the blame for something _ ______ was someone else’s fault.‎ A. who B. that C. as D. what ‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】考察定语从句。句意为：“我拒绝接受由于别人的错误而引发的对我的指责。”本句中的先行词是something这个不定代词，当表示物的不定代词作先行词时，定语从句要用that引导，而先行词在定语从句中做的是主语，所以不能省略。‎ ‎15.(2010高考英语北京卷,27)Children who are not active or ______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.‎ ‎ A. what B. whose C. which D. that 高考资源网(www.ks5u.com)‎ www.ks5u.com 来源：高考资源网 版权所有：高考资源网(www.k s 5 u.com)‎ 版权所有：高考资源网(www.ks5u.com)‎ ‎ ‎