初中英语人教版九年级上册知识点整理

初中英语人教版九年级上册知识点整理

九年级英语上册知识点整理 Unit1 How can we become good learners?‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. have conversation with sb.  同某人谈话 ‎2. too…to…  太……而不能 ‎3. the secret to…  ……的秘诀 ‎4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth.  害怕做某事 ‎5. look up  查阅 ‎6. repeat out loud  大声跟读 ‎7. make mistakes in  在……方面犯错误 ‎8. connect ……with…   把……和……连接/联系起来 ‎9. get bored  感到厌烦 ‎10. be stressed out  焦虑不安的 ‎11. pay attention to  注意；关注 ‎12. depend on  取决于；依靠 ‎13. the ability to do sth..  做某事的能力 ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. by + doing 通过……方式（by是介词，后面要跟动名词，也就是动词的ing形式）‎ ‎2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。‎ talk to sb= talk with sb 与某人说话 ‎3. 提建议的句子：‎ ‎①What/ how about +doing sth.?  做…怎么样？（about后面要用动词的ing形式，这一点考试考的比较多）‎ 如：What/ How about going shopping?‎ ‎②Why don't you + do sth.?   你为什么不做…？‎ 如：Why don't you go shopping?‎ ‎③Why not + do sth. ?   为什么不做…？‎ 如：Why not go shopping?‎ ‎④Let's + do sth. 让我们做…...吧。‎ 如：Let's go shopping ‎⑤Shall we/I + do sth.?  我们/我...…好吗？‎ 如：Shall we/I go shopping?‎ ‎4. a lot 许多，常用于句末。‎ 如：I eat a lot.  我吃了许多。‎ ‎5. too…to... 太…...而不能 ‎ 常用的句型：too+形容词/副词+ to do sth.‎ 如：I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。‎ ‎6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法，三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。‎ ‎①aloud是副词，通常放在动词之后。‎ ‎②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用，多用于比较级，须放在动词之后。‎ 如：She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。‎ ‎③loudly是副词，与loud同义，有时两者可替换使用，可位于动词之前或之后。‎ 如：He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。‎ ‎7. not…at all 一点也不，根本不 26‎ 如：I like milk very much, but I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶，但是我一点也不喜欢咖啡。‎ not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾。‎ ‎8. be/get excited about sth.  对…...感到兴奋 ‎9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。‎ ‎② end up with sth. 以…结束（注意介词with）‎ 如：The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。‎ ‎10. first of all 首先（这个短语可用在作文中，使得文章有层次）‎ ‎11.  also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too  也 （用于肯定句）常在句末  （它们三个的区分要清楚，尤其要知道用在什么句子中以及各自的位置）‎ ‎12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。‎ make a mistake 犯一个错误 如：I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。‎ ‎13. laugh at sb.  笑话；取笑（某人）（常见短语）‎ 如：Don't laugh at me!  不要取笑我！‎ ‎14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 ‎15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…，乐意做…（这是一个非常重要的考点）‎ 如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。‎ enjoy oneself  过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。‎ ‎16. native speaker 说本族语的人 ‎17. make up 组成、构成 ‎18. one of +（the+ 形容词最高级）+名词复数形式 : …其中之一（这一题主要考两点，一是最高级，一是名词复数，大家做题的时候要小心）‎ 如：She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。‎ ‎19. It's +形容词+（for sb. ） to do sth （对于某人来说）做某事…‎ 如：It's difficult （for me ） to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。‎ 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English。‎ ‎20. practice doing 练习做某事 （practice后面接动名词，这一点有可能考到）‎ 如：She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。‎ ‎21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事（重要考点，大家需要记住decide后面跟的是不定式，也就是to do）‎ 如：LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。‎ ‎22. unless 如果不，除非，引导条件状语从句 如：You will fail unless you work hard. 假如你不努力你就会失败。‎ ‎23. deal with 处理    如：I dealt with a lot of problem.‎ ‎24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。‎ ‎25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 ‎26. perhaps = maybe 也许 ‎27. go by （时间） 过去 .   如：Two years went by. 两年过去了。‎ ‎28.  see sb / sth doing 看见某人正在做某事（如果是看到正在做什么，要用动词ing形式，考的较多的也是动词ing形式）‎ 如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。‎ 26‎ ‎29. each other 彼此 ‎30. regard… as … ；把…...看作为...…‎ 如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。‎ ‎31. too many 许多，修饰可数名词   如：too many girls too much 许多，修饰不可数名词   如：too much milk（要区分too many 和 too much只要记住它们修饰什么词就可以了）‎ much too 太，修饰形容词    如：much too beautiful（too much和much too意思不同，大家不要混淆它们的意思，这种单词容易出解析题）‎ ‎32.change…into…  将…变为…‎ ‎33. with the help of sb. = with one's help  在某人的帮助下（注意介词of和with，容易出题）‎ 如：with the help of LiLei = with LiLei's help 在李雷的帮助下 ‎34. compare…to… 把…比作...（另外，大家要注意另一个短语，compare...with...，这也是一个重要的短语，意思是：拿…和…比较）‎ ‎35. instead 代替 用在句末，副词 instead of sth/doing sth 代替，而不是 （这个地方考的较多的就是instead of doing sth，也是就说如果of后面跟动词，要用动名词形式，也就是动词的ing形式）‎ 如：I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。‎ Unit2 I think that moon cakes are delicious!‎ ‎【短语归纳】‎ ‎1. the Lantern Festival 元宵节 ‎2. the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 ‎3. the Water Festival 泼水节 ‎4. be fun to watch 看着很有意思 ‎5. eat five meals a day 一天吃五餐 ‎6. put on five pounds 体重增加了五磅 ‎7. in two weeks 两星期之后 ‎8. be similar to... 与.......相似 ‎17. end up最终成为;最后处于 ‎18. share sth. with sb. 与……分享……‎ ‎19. as a result 结果 ‎20. dress up 乔装打扮 ‎21. haunted house 鬼屋 ‎22. call out  大声呼喊 ‎23. remind sb. of  使某人想起 ‎24. sound like  听起来像 ‎25. treat sb. with. 用/以……对待某人 ‎26. the beginning of new life 新生命的开始 ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. What + a(n) + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语+其他）！ 多么……的……!‎ ‎2. How + 形容词/副词（+主语+谓语+其他）！ ……多么……!‎ ‎3. be going to 将要/打算……‎ ‎4. in + 时间段 在……后 ‎5. give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物；把某物给某人 ‎6. plan to do sth.  计划做某事 ‎7. refuse to do sth.  拒绝做某事 26‎ ‎8. one of + 名词复数形式  ……之一 ‎【重点语法】‎ 一. 宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。三大考点：引导词、时态和语序。其中，语序必须是陈述句语序。‎ ‎1. 常由下面的一些词引导：‎ ‎①由that 引导，表示陈述意义，that可省略 He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。‎ ‎②由if , whether引导，表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)‎ I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。‎ ‎③由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导，表示特殊疑问意义 Do you know what he wants to buy?  你知道他想要买什么吗？‎ ‎2. 从句时态要与主句一致 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)‎ He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。‎ I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。‎ She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。‎ Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？‎ 二. 感叹句 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。‎ 感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。现分述如下：‎ ‎1. 由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：‎ ‎①可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语+ 其他！”。如：‎ What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！‎ ‎②可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语+ 其他！”。如：‎ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！‎ ‎③可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语+ 其他！”。如：‎ What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！‎ ‎2. 由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：‎ ‎①可用句型：“ How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语+ 其他！”。如：‎ How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！‎ How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！‎ ‎②可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：‎ How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！‎ ‎③可用句型：“ How＋主语＋谓语！”。如：‎ How time flies! 光阴似箭！‎ ‎3. 由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：‎ How beautiful a girl she is! ＝ What a beautiful girl she is!‎ What delicious cakes these are! ＝ How delicious these cakes are!‎ Unit3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?‎ ‎【重要短语】‎ ‎1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 26‎ ‎2. be afraid of 害怕 ‎3. from time to time 时常；有时 ‎4. turn red 变红 ‎5. take up 开始做，从事，占据（时间、空间）‎ ‎6. deal with 对付；应付 ‎7. not…any more 不再 ‎8. tons of attention 很多关注 ‎9. worry about 担心 ‎10. be careful 当心 ‎11. hang out 闲逛 ‎12. give up 放弃 ‎13. thank about 考虑 ‎14. a very small number of… 极少数的……‎ ‎15. be alone 独处 ‎16. give a speech 做演讲 ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. ①问路常用的句子：‎ Do you know where is … ?‎ Can you tell me how can I get to …？‎ Could you tell me how to get to …？‎ ‎②Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth.  表示十分客气地询问事情 ‎③Could you tell me how to get to the park?  请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？‎ 上面句子中的how to get to the park是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句（这一点要搞清楚，它不是宾语从句），相当于how I can get to the park（宾语从句）‎ I don't know how to solve the problem=I don't know how I can solve the problem.  我不知道如何解决这个问题 Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I will leave?   你能告诉我什么时候离开？‎ ‎2. 日常交际用语：‎ take the elevator / escalator to the … floor 乘电梯/自动扶梯到…楼 turn left / right == take a left / right  向左/ 右转 go straight  向前直走（straight这个词经常考）‎ ‎3. next to 旁边、紧接着（常见短语）‎ Lily is next to Ann.  莉莉就在安的旁边。‎ ‎4. between…and… 在…和…之间 Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。‎ ‎5. Is that a good place to hang out?  那是不是一个闲荡的好地方？‎ 上面句子中的to hang out修饰前面的名词place，是不定式作定语。‎ ‎6. expensive 贵的    反义词：inexpensive 不贵的 ‎7. crowded 拥挤的  反义词：uncrowded 不拥挤的 ‎8. take a vacation == go on a vacation 去度假 ‎9. dress up 打扮     dress up as 打扮成 He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas. 他想要打扮成圣诞老人。‎ ‎10. on the beach  在海滩上，介词用 on ‎11. depend on  根据、依靠、依赖、取决于 Living things depend on the sunlight. 生物对阳光有依赖性。‎ That depends on how you did it. 那取决于你怎样做这件事。‎ ‎12. prefer 动词，更喜欢、宁愿，常用的结构有：‎ 26‎ prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。‎ prefer doing/to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。‎ prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢…‎ I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。‎ prefer doing sth to doing sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。‎ prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。‎ ‎（我再次强调一下，prefer的用法真的很重要，这不是开玩笑~）‎ ‎13. on the other hand  另一方面（一方面：on one hand. 对于这样的短语大家完全可以放在作文中，这样可以使文章增色不少）‎ ‎14. 把…借给某人：lend sb. sth. =  lend sth to sb.（反义词：borrow..from..）‎ Lily lent me her book = Lily lent her book to me . 莉莉把她的书借给了我。‎ ‎15. I'm sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。‎ ‎16. in a way 在某种程度说 ‎17. in order to do srh  为了…， 表目的。‎ He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他起早床，是为了赶上头班公共汽车。‎ ‎18. 同级比较：as…as...‎ as + 形容词/副词原级 + as , 表示“和…一样的…”‎ He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。‎ ‎【重点语法】宾语从句（见Unit2重点语法部分）‎ Unit4 I used to be afraid of the dark.‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. be more interested in  对…更感兴趣 ‎2. on the swim team  游泳队的队员 ‎3. be terrified of 害怕 ‎4. gym class 体操课 ‎5. worry about 担心 ‎6. all the time 一直，总是 ‎7. chat with  与…闲聊 ‎8. hardly ever  几乎从不 ‎9. walk to school = go to school on foot 步行去上学 take the bus to school = go to school by bus  乘车去上学 ‎10. as well as  不仅…而且...‎ ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 (这个知识点考的很多，大家要注意这个短语的意思，还要记着used后面用的是不定式to do)‎ 如：He used to play football after school.‎ 放学后他过去常常踢足球。‎ ‎2. play the piano  弹钢琴（play后面如果跟西洋乐器，大家记住，中间要加the，如果是中国乐器，不加the，如：play erhu）‎ ‎3. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣 ‎②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣(对于这两个用法大家一定要掌握，切记切记)‎ 如：He is interested in math, but he isn't interested in speaking English. 他 26‎ 对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。‎ ‎4. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物（对于interested和interesting要区分清楚，一个主语往往是人，一个主语往往是物）‎ ‎5. be terrified of sth. 害怕……  如：I am terrified of the dog.‎ be terrified of doing sth. 害怕做……  如：I am terrified of speaking.‎ ‎6. spend  动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”（spend和pay for它们的主语都是人，这一点大家要清楚）‎ ‎①spend…on sth.  在某事上花费（金钱、时间）（重要考点）‎ ‎②spend…（in）doing sth.  花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 （重要考点，尤其要注意动名词，也就是动词的ing形式）‎ 如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着上。‎ He spend 3 months (in) building the bridge.  他花费了三个月去建这座桥。‎ ‎7. take : 动词 ,有“花费时间”的意思，常用的结构有：‎ It takes sb to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间（在这个用法中，主语经常是it，这一点要清楚，大家仔细看一下下面的例子）。‎ 如：It takes me a day to read the book.‎ ‎8. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。‎ ‎9. worry about sb./sth.  担心某人/某事 , worry 是动词 be worried about sb./sth.  担心某人/某事 , worried 是形容词 如：Don't worry about him. 不用担心他。‎ Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。‎ ‎10. all the time 一直，始终 ‎11. take sb. to + 地方  送/带某人去某个地方 如：A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。‎ ‎12. hardly  adv. 几乎不、没有。hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前，‎ 如：I can hardly understand them.  我几乎不能够明白他们。‎ I hardly have time to do it.  我几乎没有时间去做了。‎ ‎13. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内，常与完成时连用   如：‎ I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。‎ ‎14. be different from 与...…不同（常见考点，考的最多的是它的意思，大家只需要记住它的意思，做题的时候具体问题再具体分析即可）‎ ‎15. 不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。‎ 如：The question is when to start.  问题是什么时候开始。‎ I don't know where to go.  我不知道去哪。‎ ‎16. make sb./sth. + 形容词  make you happy make sb./sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh ‎17. move to +地方  搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.‎ ‎18. it seems that +从句 看起来好像……  （重要考点）‎ 如：It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。‎ ‎19.  help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人（注意介词with，在某方面帮助要用这个介词）‎ help sb（to）do sth. 帮某人做某事（to经常省略）‎ She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。‎ She helped me（to）study English. 她帮助我学习英语。‎ ‎20. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 26‎ ‎ ,15岁的（有一点要提醒大家，中间的year用的是单数）如：a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩 fifteen years old 指年龄，15岁。‎ ‎21. can't afford to do sth. 支付不起……‎ can't afford sth. 支付不起…‎ 如：I can't afford to buy the car.=I can't afford the car.  我买不起这个辆小车。‎ ‎22. as + 形容词/副词+ as sb+could/can  尽某人所能 如：Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。‎ ‎23. get into trouble with  遇到麻烦 ‎24. in the end  最后 ‎25. make a decision ：下决定，下决心 ‎26. to one's surprise ：令某人惊讶（往往出现在完型中，让我们填surprise）‎ 如：to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei's surprise 令李雷惊讶 ‎27. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如：His father always take pride in him.  他的爸爸总是以他而自豪 ‎28. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心 如：You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。‎ ‎29. be able to do sth. 能够，有能力做某事 如：She is able to do it. 她能够做到。‎ ‎30. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事（注意up后面用的是动词的ing形式）‎ ‎ 如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。‎ ‎31. 不再  ①no more =no longer 如：I play tennis no more.我不再打网球。‎ ‎②not …any more = not …any longer 如：‎ I don't play tennis any longer. 我不再打网球。‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 反意疑问句 反义疑问句遵循这样一个原则，前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定。‎ ‎1. 肯定陈述句+否定提问  如：Lily is a student, isn't she?‎ ‎2. 否定陈述句+肯定提问  如：She doesn't come from China, does she?‎ ‎3. 提问部分用代词而不用名词  如：Lily is a student, isn't she?‎ ‎4. 陈述句中含有否定意义的词  如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等，其反意疑问句用肯定式（对于第四点大家不要忽视，尤其是列举的这几个词，出题的时候经常遇到，对于下面的两个例子大家要仔细看一下，要把这个知识点彻底搞懂）。‎ 如：He knows little English, does he?  他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？‎ They hardly understood it, did they?  他们几乎不明白，不是吗？‎ ‎5. 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：Your father is unhappy, isn't he?‎ The man is dishonest, isn't he?‎ It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn't it?‎ Unit5 What are the shirts made of?‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. be made of 由……制造 ‎2. be made in 在……制造 ‎3. environmental protection 环境保护 ‎4. be famous for 以……而著名 26‎ ‎5. be produced in 在……生产 ‎6. be known for 以……闻名 ‎7. as far as I know 据我所知 ‎8. pick by hand 手工采摘 ‎9. send for 发送 ‎10. avoid doing sth 避免做某事 ‎11. everyday things 日用品 ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. made of  由……制（构）成，后接构成某物质的原料。‎ 例：This skirt is made of silk.这件裙子是用丝绸制成的。‎ be made of/from/up of的区别 ‎（1）be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化。‎ 例：The kite is made of paper．风筝是用纸做的。‎ ‎（2）be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。‎ 例：The paper is made from wood．纸是木头做的。‎ Butter is made from milk. 黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。‎ ‎（3）be made up of 用……构成或组成的，指人、物皆可，指结构成分。‎ 例：Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班是由六个小组组成的。‎ ‎2. It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.‎ 好像全世界的许多人都在喝中国茶。‎ 句型“It seems that…”意为“看起来好像/似乎……”，其中seem是连系动词，意为“似乎；好像”，句型中的it是形式主语，不能用其他代词来替代。‎ 例：It seems that he was late for the train. 看来他没赶上火车。‎ seem的几种常见结构：‎ ‎（1）seem to do sth此句型可与“It seems that…”转换。‎ 例：They seem to find the way to the cinema. =It seems that they find the way to the cinema.‎ 他们似乎找到了去电影院的路了。‎ ‎（2）seem+形容词 例：My temperature seems (to be) all right. 我的体温看上去正常了。‎ ‎（3）seem+名词 例：That seems not a bad idea. 看上去主意不错。‎ ‎3. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing in factory.‎ 当茶叶成熟时，就被用手工采摘然后送到工厂加工。‎ 此句是由when 引导的时间状语从句，are picked, are sent都是一般现在时的被动结构。‎ 例：When the fruit are ready, they are picked and are sent to the market for sale.‎ 当这些水果成熟后就被摘下来并送到市场上卖掉。‎ ‎4. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.‎ 无论你买什么，你都可能认为那些产品是在那些国家生产的。‎ 此句为由"no matter +特殊疑问词"引导让步状语从句。意为“无论….”，相当于whatever。‎ 例：No matter what I said to her, she still didn’t believe me.‎ 无论我对她说什么，她仍然不相信我。‎ ‎5. find out, 查出，找到。‎ 26‎ 例：The police are trying to find out where the boy got off the train.‎ 警察正在查找这个男孩是从哪下的火车。‎ find，find out和look for都含有“寻找、找到”的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。‎ ‎① find意为“找到、发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。‎ Will you find mea pen? 你替我找支钢笔好吗？‎ ‎② look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。‎ 例：I’m looking for my pen everywhere. 我正到处找我的钢笔。‎ He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。‎ ‎③ find out意为“找出、发现、查明”，多指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。‎ 例：Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。‎ Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question.‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 一般现在时的被动语态 一. 概念理解 ‎1. 时态：在英语语言中，时态主要讨论行为动词发生的时间。‎ 如：He often helps me with my English. 他经常帮助我学英语。（help这个动作经常发生often；故用一般现在时）‎ ‎2. 语态：在英语语言中，语态主要讨论句子主语与行为动词的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。‎ ‎① 主语是动作的发出者(执行者)为主动语态。‎ 如：The tall boy often hits his classmates （主语boy是谓语动词hit的发出者）。‎ ‎② 主语是动作的接受者（承受者）为被动语态。汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成 如：Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world（主语Chinese是谓语动词speak的承受者）。‎ ‎3. 语态与时态的关系：在任何一个英语句子中都同时存在语态和时态，他们是分析一个英语句子的两个主要元素。‎ 如：① He is looking after his sister at home. （此句为现在进行时的主动语态结构）‎ ‎② He is being looked after well by his parents. （此句为现在进行时的被动语态结构）‎ 二. 被动语态最基本的句型结构：be +及物动词过去分词 说明：① be 有时态，人称和数的变化。‎ ‎② 被动语态中的谓语动词必须是及物动词；因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。‎ 三. 被动语态的使用 ‎1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。‎ Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。‎ ‎2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。‎ 如：The cup was broken by Paul.‎ 四. 主动语态变被动语态的变法：主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 ‎1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。‎ ‎2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。‎ ‎3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。‎ 五. 一般现在时的被动语态：am /is/ are +done 如：Tea is grown in Hangzhou. 杭州种植茶叶。‎ 26‎ Unit6 When was it invented?‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. by accident  偶然地；意外地 ‎2. without doubt  毫无疑问的；的确 ‎3. by mistake  错误地 ‎4. look up to  钦佩；仰慕 ‎5. take place  发生；出现 ‎6. all of a sudden  突然；猛地 ‎7. divide…into…  把……分成......‎ ‎8. the Olympics  奥林匹克运动会 ‎9. the style of  ……的样式 ‎10. be used for  被用于……‎ ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. invent  v. 发明 inventor  n. 发明家 invention  n. 发明 ‎2. be used for doing 用来做…（是被动语态）（这个短语的考点有两点，一是used for的意思，二是for后面用动名词）‎ Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。‎ ‎3. 给某人某样东西  give sth. to sb.‎ I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。‎ give sb. sth.‎ I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。‎ ‎4. all day 整天 ‎5. salty  adj. 咸的  salt  n. 盐 ‎6. by mistake 错误地（犯错：make mistake，这些常见的短语大家务必要掌握）‎ I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。‎ ‎8. by accident 意外，偶然（常见短语，考的最多的是它的意思）‎ I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。‎ ‎9. not…until… 直到…才…（重中之重，这个用法非常重要！）‎ I didn't go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。‎ ‎10. according to +名词，根据…‎ according to this article 根据这篇文章 ‎11. over an open fire 野饮 ‎12. leaf  n. 叶子   复数形式 leaves ‎13. nearby adj. 附近的 ‎14. fall into 落入，掉进 The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。‎ fall down 摔倒 She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。‎ ‎15. quite 非常 adv.  与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面 quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 ‎17. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快 pleasant adj. 愉快，高兴。指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快 please v. 使高兴 ‎18. battery-operated  adj. 电池控制的，是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词 ‎19. in the sixth century 在第6世纪 26‎ ‎20. travel around 周游 ‎21. more than == over 超过（相比较，more than更重要）‎ more than 300 == over 300  超过300‎ ‎22. including 包括，可以与名词和动名词连用 Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。‎ ‎23. have been played 被上演 ,是现在完成时的被动语态，现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have/has been +过去分词。‎ ‎4. be born 出生 （常见短语）‎ He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生。‎ ‎25. safety n. 安全  safe adj. 安全的 ‎26. knock into 撞上（某人）‎ ‎27. divide sth. into…，将…划分成...，通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 Let's divide ourselves into 4 groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。‎ ‎28. since then 从那以后，常与完成时态连用 ‎【重点语法】‎ 一般过去时的被动语态 ‎1. 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。‎ ‎2. 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。‎ 一般现在时的被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词 A lot of trees were planted here last year.‎ 与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词（关于被动语态，大家一定要熟悉，这个在中考的时候属于是必考内容，而且是重点内容）‎ 关于被动语态更多内容，详见Unit5重点语法部分。‎ Unit7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 ‎2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子 ‎3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 ‎4. a driver’s license 驾照 ‎5. on weekends 在周末 ‎6. at that age 在那个年龄段 ‎7. on school nights 在上学期间的晚上 ‎8. stay up 熬夜 ‎9. clean up  清扫 ‎10. fail（in）a test 考试不及格 ‎11. take the test 参加考试 ‎12. the other day 前几天 ‎13. all my classmates 我所有的同学 ‎14. concentrate on 全神贯注于 ‎15. be good for 对…...有益 26‎ ‎16. in groups 成群的，按组 ‎17. get noisy 变得吵闹（系表结构）‎ ‎18. learn from 向......学习 ‎19. at present 目前，现在 ‎20. have an opportunity to do sth. 有做……的机会 ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。‎ ‎2. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业。‎ ‎3. He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点。‎ ‎4. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. 我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情。‎ ‎5. What school rules do you think should be changed? 你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了？‎ ‎6. The two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合。‎ ‎7. The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了。‎ ‎8. Should I be allowed to make my own decisions? 我应该被允许自己做决定吗?‎ ‎9. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有这样我才能实现我的梦想。‎ ‎10. They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much a s they want.  应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间。‎ ‎11. We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步。‎ ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. enough  adv. 足够地  adj. 足够的 形容词+enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough+名词 如：enough food 足够食物 ‎2. stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 Please stop speaking. 请停止说话。‎ stop to do sth. 停止一件事去做另一件事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。‎ ‎3. it seems + that从句 看起来好像……‎ It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。‎ ‎4. yet 仍然，还 （常用在否定句或疑问句当中）‎ ‎5. stay up 熬夜 如：I often stay up until 12:00pm. 我经常熬夜到12点。‎ ‎6. 程度副词：always总是  usually经常  sometimes有时 never 从不 ‎7. go shopping（去购物）， go fishing（去钓鱼）， go swimming（去游泳）， go boating（去划船）， go hiking（去远足）‎ ‎8. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉 如：Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。‎ ‎9. the other day  前几天 ‎10. agree 同意   反义词：disagree不同意  动词 agreement 同意   反义词：disagreement 不同意  名词 ‎11. keep sb/ sth+ 形容词 使某人/某物保持……‎ 如：We should keep our city clean. 我们应该保持我们的城市干净。‎ ‎12. both…and… + 动词复数形式（both and本身也是一个非常重要的考点）‎ 如：Both Jim and Li Ming play  bastketball.‎ ‎13. learn（sth.）from sb  向谁学习（什么）‎ 26‎ 如：Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语。‎ ‎14. at least 最少  at most 最多 ‎15. 花费：take ,cost, spend , pay sth. take（sb.） time to do sth.  如：It took （me） 10 days to read the book.‎ sth. cost（sb.）…  如：The book cost（me）100 yuan.‎ sb. spend … on sth.  如：She spent 10 days on this book.‎ sb. spend …（in）doing sth.  如：She spent 10 days（in）reading this book.‎ sb. pay … for sth.  如：She paid 10 yuan for this book.‎ ‎（大家注意这几个词的区分，take它的主语往往是it，spend和pay的主语是人，cost的主语是物，我们只要明白了这几点，做题就比较容易了）‎ ‎16. have + 时间段+off  放假，休息   如：have 2 days off ‎17. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 ‎18. think about与think of的区别 ‎① 当两者译为：认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用 I often think about/of that day. 我经常想起那天。‎ ‎② think about 还有“考虑”之意，think of做为想到、想出时两者不能互用 At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。‎ We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。‎ ‎19. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son.‎ ‎20. also：也，用于句中I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 either：也，用于否定句且用于句末I am not a student, either. 我也不是一个学生。‎ too：也，用于肯定句且用于句末I am a student, too. 我也是一个学生。‎ ‎（要记住它们分别用在什么句子中，以及用在什么位置）‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 语态 ‎1. 两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。‎ Cats eat fish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。‎ Fish is eaten by cats.（被动语态）鱼被猫吃。‎ ‎2. 被动语态的构成 由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成 助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化。‎ 倒装句 由so+助动词（be/do/will/have）/情态动词+主语，意为：…也是一样。‎ She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。‎ She will go to school. So will he.  她将去学校，他也是。‎ Unit8 It must belong to Carla.‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. be long to 属于 ‎2. listen to classical music 听古典音乐 ‎3. at school 上学；求学 ‎4. go to the concert 去听音乐会 ‎5. have any/some idea 知道 ‎6. a math test on algebra  有关代数的数学考试 ‎7. the final exam 期末考试 26‎ ‎8. because of  因为 ‎9. a present for his mother 送给她妈妈的礼物 ‎10. run for exercise  跑步锻炼 ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. If you have any idea where might be please call me. 如果你知道它可能在哪，请打电话给我。‎ ‎2. It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30% to the final exam. 关键是我必须学，因为它占期末考试的30%。‎ ‎3. What do you think “anxious“ means? 你认为“anxious”是什么意思？‎ ‎4. He could be running for exercise. 他可能是正在跑步锻炼身体。‎ ‎5. He might be running to catch a bus. 他可能是正在跑着赶公共汽车。‎ ‎6. Why do you think the man is running? 你觉得那个男的为什么跑？‎ ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. 情态动词must, may , might, could, may , can't表示推测含义，后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断，但他们含义有所不同。‎ must 一定，肯定 （100%的可能性）‎ may, might, could 有可能，也许 （20%-80%的可能性）‎ can't 不可能，不会 （可能性几乎为零）‎ ‎2. whose：谁的，是个疑问词，作定语，后面接名词 如：---Whose book is this? ---This is Lily's.‎ ‎4.  当play 指弹奏西洋乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词the play the guitar；play the piano；play the violin 当play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词 play football；play basketball；play baseball ‎5. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ If you don't hurry up, you'll be late. 如果你不快点，你将会迟到。‎ ‎6. if you have any idea= if you know  如果你知道 ‎7. on 关于（学术，科目）‎ ‎9. because of：由于 because：因为，它们的用法是：‎ because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语（这是一个重要的短语）‎ because + 从句 I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。‎ I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。‎ ‎10. own v. - owner n.‎ listen v. - listener n.‎ learn v. - learner n.‎ ‎11. catch a bus 赶公车 ‎12.  neighbor 邻居，指人 neighborhood 邻居，指地区也可指附近地区的人 ‎13. local 当地的 如：local teacher 当地的教师 ‎16. anything strange  一些奇怪的东西 当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面（重要，切记）‎ ‎17. there be sb./sth. doing 有…...正在......‎ There is a cat eating fish.‎ ‎18. escape from…  从哪里逃跑出来（常考短语）‎ He escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的建筑中逃出来。‎ 26‎ ‎19. an ocean of + 名词 极多的，用不尽的 如：an ocean of energy.‎ ‎20. unhappy 不高兴的  反义词：happy 高兴的 ‎22. dishonest 不诚实的  反义词：honest 诚实的 ‎23. get on 上车   get off 下车（掌握住这两个短语的意思）‎ ‎24. use up 用光，用完 They have used up all the money. 他们已经用完了所有的钱。‎ ‎25. attempt to do 试图做某事（重要考点，大家记着attempt后面用的是不定式to do）‎ The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。‎ ‎26. wake 是个动词，意思是唤醒，常用的词组：wake up 意为醒来 Please wake me up at 8 o'clock. 请在8点钟叫醒我。‎ ‎27.  look for 寻找，强调找的动作（重要）‎ find 找到，强调找的结果 I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。（指找的动作）‎ I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果）‎ ‎28.  hear 听，强调听的结果 listen 听，强调听的动作 Did you hear? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果）‎ I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。（指听的动作）‎ ‎29. try one's best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事（注意best后面跟的不定式to do是考试的重点）‎ He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。‎ ‎【重点语法】现在完成时态（点击左方蓝色链接即可查看具体内容）‎ Unit9 I like music that I can dance to.‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. expect to do sth.  期望做某事 expect sb. to do sth  期望某人做某事 ‎2. catch up with  追上，赶上 ‎3. different kinds of music  各种不同的音乐 ‎4. quiet and gentle songs  轻柔的歌曲 ‎5. take…to…  带……到……‎ ‎6. remind…of… 使某人想起或意识到……‎ ‎7. her own songs 她自己的歌曲 ‎8. be important to 对……重要 ‎9. Yellow River 黄河 ‎10. Hong Tao’s latest movie  洪涛最近的电影 ‎11.  over the years  多年来 ‎12. be sure to do sth.  务必/一定做某事 ‎13. one of the best known Chinese photographers 世界上最有名的中国摄影家之一 ‎14. on display  展览，展出 ‎15. come and go 来来往往 ‎16. can’t stand 不能忍受 ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. I love singers who write their own music. 我喜欢自己创作曲子的歌手。‎ ‎2. We prefer music that has great lyrics. 我们更喜欢歌词很棒的音乐。‎ ‎3. What do you dislike about this CD. 你不喜欢这张CD的什么？‎ ‎4. What does it remind you of？它使你想起了什么？‎ 26‎ ‎5. The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music. 这首曲子使我想起了巴西舞曲。‎ ‎6. It does have a few good features, though.  然而，它的确也有一些好的方面。‎ ‎7. She really has something for everyone. 每个人的确都能从她的作品中领悟到一些东西。‎ ‎8. Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition. 无论怎样，你都不能错过这个展览会。‎ ‎9. As the name suggests, the band has a lot of energy.  正如乐队名字所暗示的那样， 这支乐队很有活力。‎ ‎10. Some people say they are boring, but others say they are great. 有些人说他们很无聊，但也有人说，他们是伟大的。‎ ‎11. I f I were you, I’d eat nuts instead. 如果我是你，我会改吃坚果。‎ ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. prefer v. 更喜欢，宁愿 prefer sth. 更喜欢某事  I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。‎ prefer to do. 宁愿做某事  I prefer to sit. 我宁愿坐着。‎ prefer sth to sth. 同…...相比更喜欢…... I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。‎ prefer doing to doing. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事  I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。‎ ‎2. along with 伴随… , 同… 一道 I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。‎ ‎3. dance to sth. 随着…...跳舞（用的介词是to，这一点要注意）‎ She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。‎ ‎4. music n. 音乐 musician n. 音乐家 ‎5. unfortunately adv.不幸运地 fortunately adv.幸运地（如果你把这个词记住了，那考试的时候你就是幸运的~）‎ ‎6. fun n. 有趣   funny adj. 有趣的，滑稽的 ‎7. be sure to do 一定做某事，肯定做某事 It is sure to snow. 肯定要下雪 ‎8. known adj. 有名的，著名的（记住意思）‎ ‎9. on display 展览（常见短语）‎ ‎10. energy n.活力  energetic adj.有活力的 ‎11. most of…   ……的大多数 ‎12. keep healthy 保持健康 ‎13. get together 聚在一起 ‎14. discuss v.讨论  discussion n.讨论 ‎15. be bad for sth. 对…有坏处 ‎16. take care of = look after 照顾 She often takes care of/looks after her son.‎ ‎17. stay away from 远离……‎ Stay away from me. I have a cold. 请远离我，我得了感冒 ‎18. to be honest 老实说 To be honest I really like flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。‎ ‎19. dislike 不喜欢   反义词：like 喜欢 ‎20. fisherman 渔夫  它的复数形式是fishermen ‎21. photography n. 摄影；photograph n. 照片 相片；photographer n. 摄影师 ‎22. be in agreement 意见一致，常与介词on/about连 They are in agreement on that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。‎ ‎23. even if  甚至 26‎ ‎24. mainly adv. 主要地 首要地 Unit10 You're supposed to shake hands.‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. be supposed to do 被期望/应该做......‎ ‎2. shake hands 握手 ‎3. for the first time  第一次 ‎4. table manners  餐桌礼仪 ‎5. drop by 偶然拜访，顺便拜访 ‎6. after all 毕竟，终究 ‎7. be on time 准时 ‎8.（in） the wrong way 以错误的方式 ‎9. be relaxed about 对……比较随意/放松 ‎10. a bit 一点 ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. He should have told me about it. 他本应该把这件事告诉我。‎ ‎2. Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time. 我所在的地方，对时间是相当宽松的。‎ ‎3. We often just drop by our friends’homes. 我们时常去朋友家拜访。‎ ‎ 4. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can. 我们经常走遍市中心，看尽可能多的朋友。‎ ‎5. We usually make plans to see friends. 通常我们都是做好去看朋友的计划。‎ ‎6. We’re the land of watches, after all.  毕竟，我们是表之乡。‎ ‎7. It’s even better than I thought it would be. 事情比我想象的要好得多。‎ ‎8. They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们花尽心血让我感觉不到拘束。‎ ‎9.  Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to. 尽管我经常出一些错，但它不像过去那样打扰我。‎ ‎10. I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it. 开始，我想那是太奇怪了，但是现在我已经习惯了。‎ ‎11. I have to say I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things, and don’t find them so strange any more. 不得不承认，我发现记住一切东西是很困难的，但我渐渐习惯了，并且发现他们也不再那么奇怪了。‎ ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. be supposed to do  应该（注意它的翻译，另外supposed后面用的是不定式to do）‎ We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。‎ ‎3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear. 你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。‎ 上句中的“should have asked”是“情态动词+现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做（这点要清楚）‎ She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。（没有去）‎ ‎4. be relaxed about sth. 对某事随意、不严格 They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。‎ ‎5. pretty  adv. 相当，很adj. 美丽的 She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。‎ She is a pretty girl. 她是一个美丽的女孩。‎ ‎6. plan to do. 打算做某事（常见用法）‎ She has planed to go to Beijing.‎ 26‎ ‎7. drop by 访问，看望，拜访，串门 We just dropped by our friends' homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。‎ ‎8. on time 按时（in time的意思是及时，这两个短语经常出现在辨析题中）‎ ‎9. after all 毕竟 终究（五星级重点词汇，记住它的意思）‎ You see I was right after all. 你看，毕竟还是我对了。‎ ‎10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事（重要内容，注意后面用的是不定式to do）‎ Lily invited me to have dinner. 莉莉请我吃晚饭。‎ ‎11. without 没有（这个词经常考，题目会单纯考它的意思，所以大家应该记住它的意思）‎ ‎12. around the world = all over the world 全世界 ‎13. pick up 捡起，挑选（捡起的意思考的较多）‎ He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。‎ ‎14. start doing = start to do 开始做某事（start的用法属于常考内容，记住它的这两个用法）‎ He started reading= He started to read. 他开始阅读。‎ ‎15. point at 指向（指近处的事物）‎ point to 指向（指远处的事物）‎ ‎16. stick v. 剌，截   n. 棒，棍 ‎17. go out of one's way to do 特意/专门做某事 He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。‎ ‎18. make mistakes 犯错误（复数）‎ make a mistake 犯错误（一个）‎ ‎19. be different from 与……不同 Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同。‎ ‎20.  get/be used to sth. 习惯于……（这些用法大家务必记住，虽然这些用法很多，而且比较容易搞混淆，但是它们确实经常考，大家可以结合例子记忆）‎ get/be used to doing 习惯于……‎ be used to do  被用来做……‎ be used for doing 被用来做...…‎ used to do 过去常常做…...‎ I wash clothes everyday. I'm used to it. 我每天都洗衣服。我习惯了。‎ I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。‎ The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。‎ The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。‎ She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。‎ ‎21. I find it difficult to remember everything. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。‎ find/think + it +形容词 + to do sth.‎ ‎22. cut up 切开，切碎 Let's cut up the watermelon.  让我们切开这个西瓜吧。‎ ‎23. make a toast 敬酒 ‎24. crowd  v.挤满  其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是：crowded（crowded考的相对多些）‎ ‎25. set  n. 一套  v. 设置 ‎26. can't stop doing 忍不住做某 I can't stop laughing. 我忍不住笑 ‎27. make faces 做鬼脸 ‎28. face to face 面对面地 ‎29. learn…by oneself 自学......（重要用法）‎ I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。‎ Unit11 Sad movies make me cry.‎ 26‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. make me sleepy 使我困倦 ‎2. drive sb. crazy 使……发疯 ‎3. the more…, the more  越……越……‎ ‎4. yes and no 好坏参半 ‎5. be friends with sb. 是某人的朋友 ‎6. feel left out 感觉被忽视 ‎7. sleep badly 睡眠很差 ‎8. don’t feel like eating 不想吃东西 ‎9. for no reason 毫无理由 ‎10. neither…nor…  既不……也不……‎ ‎11. let…down 使…失望 ‎12. take one’s position 替代我的职位 ‎13. to start with  起初 ‎14. get the exam result back  取考试成绩单 ‎15. find out 发现 ‎16. a shirt of a happy person  一件快乐人的衬衫 ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1.  —I’d rather go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music while I’m eating.更愿意到蓝海洋餐厅，因为我喜欢在吃饭时听轻音乐。‎ ‎—But that music make me sleepy.但那种音乐使我困倦。‎ ‎2. Waiting for Amy drove Tina crazy. 等候艾米使蒂娜发狂。‎ ‎3. The movie was so sad that it made Tina and Amy cry.  这部电影是如此悲伤以致使蒂娜和艾米都哭了。‎ ‎4. Sad movies don’t make John cry. They just make him want to leave quickly. 悲伤的电影没有让约翰哭他们只能使他想尽快离开。‎ ‎5. Loud music makes me nervous. 吵闹的音乐使我紧张。‎ ‎6. Soft and quiet music makes me relax. 轻柔的音乐使我放松。‎ ‎7. Money and fame don’t always make people happy. 金钱和名誉并不总能使人幸福。‎ ‎8. She said that the sad movie made her cry. 她说悲伤的电影使她哭泣。‎ ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. But that music makes me sleepy. 但是那种音乐使我困倦。‎ 动词make的使役用法，make sb后分别接了形容词和不定式短语。make的这种用法常见于以下结构：‎ make+名词（代词）+省略to的动词不定式 My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常让我做些其他的作业。‎ 这一结构中的不定式短语在主动结构中是宾语补足语，必须省去to，变为被动结构时，不定式短语作主语补足语，这时必须带to。‎ 如：She was made to work for the night shift. 她不得不上夜班。‎ ‎② make+名词/代词+-ed分词短语。‎ 如：What made them so frightened? 什么使他们这样害怕？‎ ‎③ make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语。‎ 如：She made him her assistant. 她委派他做自己的助手。‎ ‎④ make+名词（代词）+形容词或形容词短语。‎ 如：—The good news made us happy. 这条好消息使我们很高兴。‎ ‎—Yes，I suppose so. 我想他会回来。‎ ‎⑤ make +形式宾语it +形容词或名词（作宾语补足语）+从句（作真正的宾语）‎ 如：They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary 26‎ ‎ job.‎ 他们要向公众表明， 他们所做的工作不但重要， 而且是必不可少的。‎ ‎2. wealth n. 财富 ‎ ① 表示“财富”“金钱”，是不可数名词。如：‎ They had little desire for wealth. 他们对财富无大欲望。‎ ‎② 表示“大量”“众多”“丰富”等，可连用不定冠词，尤其用于a wealth of结构（其后可接可数名词或不可数名词）。如：‎ He sent me a book with a wealth of illustrations. 他送给我一本有大量插图的书。‎ Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc.‎ 地下埋藏了大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌。‎ ‎3. He slept badly and didn’t feel like eating.他睡眠很差并且不想吃东西。‎ feel like的用法：‎ ‎① 表示“感觉像（是）……”‎ My legs feel like cotton wool. 我感觉两条腿像棉花一样。‎ ‎② 表示“想要做……”，后接动名词doing形式。‎ I don’t feel like cooking. Let’s eat out.  我不想做饭，我们出去吃吧。‎ Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. take a shower 淋浴 ‎2. leave my backpack at home 把背包忘在家里 ‎3. get back to school  返回学校 ‎4. start teaching  开始教学 ‎5. go off  响铃 ‎6. rush out the door 冲出房门 ‎7. give sb a lift  捎某人一程 ‎8. miss both events  错过两个事件 ‎9. be about to do sth  正要做某事 ‎10. stare in disbelief at  难以置信地盯着 ‎11. raise above the burning building 从正在燃烧的楼上升起 ‎12. jump out of bed 跳下床 ‎13. collect the math homework 收数学作业 ‎14. show up 赶到，出现 ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. 当我起床时，我哥哥已经进了浴室了。‎ ‎2. By the time I got outside, the bus had already gone. 当我出来时，公汽已经走了。‎ ‎3. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 当我到达学校时，我才意识到我把背包忘在家里了。‎ ‎4. By the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already. 当我走进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。‎ ‎ 5. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up. 当我到达晚会时， 其他的每个人都已经到了。‎ ‎6. When he put the noodles into the bowl, he realized he had forgotten to add the green beans. 当他把面条放进碗里时，他意识到他忘了添加绿豆荚了。‎ ‎7. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building. 在她得到一个向他告别的机会之前，他已经进入楼房了。‎ 26‎ ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. 当我出来的时候，公共汽车已经走了。‎ by the time作连词引导时间状语从句，当从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时；当从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时或将来完成时。‎ 如：By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself. 等到了十岁的时候，汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。‎ I’ll be in bed by the time you get home. 你到家时，我已经上床睡觉了。‎ ‎2. When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home. 当她到学校时，她意识到她把背包忘在家里了。‎ 表示“把某物忘在某处”要用词组leave sth in/on/at...‎ 如：I've left my umbrella at home. 我把伞忘在家里了。‎ I left my book on the desk. 我把书忘在桌子上。‎ forget意为“遗忘某物”，指忘记一件具体的东西，但不能有具体的地点。‎ 如：I forgot my umbrella yesterday. 我昨天忘了带伞。‎ Don't forget the cases.  别忘了带箱子。‎ ‎3. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party.‎ 上周五晚上，我朋友邀请我参加他的生日晚会。‎ invite sb. to a place（或一活动、聚会） 意为“邀请某人到某一地方或参加某一活动”；而invite sb to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”。‎ 如：I think we have many friends now, and we must invite them to our place. 我想我们现在有很多朋友了， 我们也应该邀请他们到我们家做客。‎ Kitty’s teacher Mr Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park. 基蒂的老师吴老师邀请我参加了去世界公园的学校郊游活动。‎ ‎4. Wells made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story and fear spread across the whole country.‎ 威尔斯讲述这个新闻起来如此的真实，以致成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而引发了全国性的恐慌。‎ so…that...在此引导结果状语从句，so后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为“如此……以至于……”。‎ 如：This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it. 这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。（so＋形容词）‎ He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him. 他跑得那么快，以至于我跟不上他。（so＋副词）‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 比较一般过去时和现在完成时的异同 ‎1. 共同点：动作都是在过去完成。‎ I saw the film yesterday evening.‎ I have seen the film before.‎ ‎（看电影这件事都是在过去完成的。）‎ ‎2. 区别：‎ ‎①现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。‎ ‎②一般过去时通常与具体明确的过去时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week , two years ago，just now，in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等模糊的过去时间状语和 these days ,this week ,since..., for... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。‎ Unit13 We're trying to save the earth!‎ 26‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. at the bottom of the river 在河床底部 ‎2. be full of the rubbish 充满了垃圾 ‎3. throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔入河中 ‎4. play a part in cleaning it up 尽一份力把它清理干净 ‎5. land pollution  土地污染 ‎6. fill the air with black smoke  使空气中充满了黑烟 ‎7. cut down air pollution  减少空气污染 ‎8. make a difference  产生影响 ‎17. take action  采取行动 ‎18. turn off  关掉 ‎19. pay for 付费 ‎20. add up 累加 ‎21. use public transportation 使用公共交通 ‎22. recycle books and paper  回收书和废纸 ‎23. use paper napkins  使用纸巾 ‎24. turn off the shower 关掉喷头 ‎25. ride in cars 开车出行 ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.  甚至河底都充满垃圾。‎ ‎2. Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up. 城里的每个人都应当尽一份力把它清理干净。‎ ‎3. The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days. 空气被严重污染因为如今路上的汽车太多了。‎ ‎4. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。‎ ‎5. I used to be able to see stars in the sky. 我过去能在天空中看到星星。‎ ‎6. The air has become really polluted around here. I’m getting very worried. 这儿的空气真的已经被污染了，我非常担心。‎ ‎7. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. 没有科学研究说明鱼鳍对人们的健康有好处。‎ ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. pay的基本用法 ‎（1） pay （sb.） money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……‎ 例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。‎ ‎（2）pay for sth. 付……的钱。‎ 例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。‎ ‎（3）pay for sb. 替某人付钱。‎ 例：Don't worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心，我会给你付钱的。‎ ‎（4）pay sb. 付钱给某人。‎ 例：They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。‎ ‎（5）pay money back 还钱。‎ 例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。‎ ‎（6）pay off one's money 还清钱。‎ ‎2. This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境有害。‎ ‎（1）not only…but 26‎ ‎ also…意为“不仅……而且……”用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其中的also有时可以省略。‎ 如：She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。‎ He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them. 他不仅是自编剧本， 还饰演其中的角色。‎ He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. 他不仅平时工作，星期日也工作。‎ ‎（2）若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。‎ 如：Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。‎ ‎ （3）若连接两个句子，not only后面的句子要用倒装。‎ 如：Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ 动词不定式做目的状语时的用法 To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。‎ 本句中To cut down air pollution是动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎1. 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。‎ 例如：I've written it down in order not to forget.‎ He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.‎ 在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语，表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较：‎ To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.（正）‎ To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.（误）‎ 由 in order to 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首，而由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，而不能置于句首。比较：‎ They started early in order to get there in time.（正）‎ In order to get there in time, they started early.（正）‎ They started early so as to get there in time.（正）‎ So as to get there in time, they started early.（误）‎ ‎2. 不定式的复合结构作目的状语 当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构（即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for + 名词或宾格代词）作状语。例如：‎ He opened the door for the children to come in.‎ She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.‎ ‎3. 目的状语从句与不定式的转换 英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况：‎ ‎（1）当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。例如：‎ We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.‎ We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.‎ ‎（2）当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。例如：‎ I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.‎ I came early （in order） for you to read my report before the meeting.‎ 26‎ Unit14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.‎ ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. win a prize 获奖 ‎2. do a school survey 做一个学校调查 ‎3. meet the standard of a strict teacher 满足一位要求严格的老师的要求 ‎4. meet this group of friends 遇到这群朋友 ‎5. score two goals in a row 连续踢进两个球 ‎6. learn to play the keyboard 学会弹钢琴 ‎7. be patient with sb 对……有耐心 ‎8. work out the answer yourself 自己找出答案 ‎9. guide sb to do sth 指导某人做某事 ‎10. put in more effort 更加努力 ‎11. look back at  回首 ‎12. pride of overcoming fear 克服恐惧感的自豪 ‎13. make a great big mess 弄得一团糟 ‎14. keep my cool 保持我的清高 ‎15. try to be on time for morning reading 尽力赶上早读 ‎16. look forward to doing sth 期望做某事 ‎17. join the school swim team 加入学校游泳队 ‎18. get a business degree  取得一个商业学位 ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. ---What happened in Grade7 that was special? 在七年级时发什么了什么特别的事？‎ ‎---Our team won the school basketball competition. 我们队赢了学校的蓝球比赛。‎ ‎3. ---How have you changed since you started junior high school? 你上中学后有什么变化？‎ ‎---I've become much better at speaking English.  我在说英语上比以前更好。‎ ‎3. How do you think things will be different in senior high school? 你认为在高中会有什么不同？‎ ‎---I think that I'll have to study much harder for exams. 我想我将更加为考试努力学习。‎ ‎4. ---What are your plans for next year? 你明年的计划是什么？‎ ‎---I'm going to join the school volleyball team. 我将加入学校排球队。‎ ‎5. ---What do you remember about Grade 8. 关于八年级你记得什么？‎ ‎---I remember being a volunteer. 我记得当一名志愿者。‎ ‎6. ---What do you use to do that you don't do now? 你以前做而现在不做的事是什么？‎ ‎---I used to take dance lessons, but I don't anymore. 我以前上舞蹈课，但现在不上了。‎ ‎7. ---What are you looking forward to? 你期望做什么？‎ ‎---I'm looking forward to going to senior high school. 我期望上高中。‎ ‎【考点详解】‎ ‎1. She helped you to work out the answers yourself no matter how difficult they were. 她帮助你自己算出答案，无论它们有多难。‎ no matter常与疑问代词或疑问副词一起构成连词词组引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……，无论……”，在运用时应注意以下几点：‎ ‎（1）注意从句的时态 由no matter what/who/where/when引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。如：No matter who you are, you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁，都应该遵守规则。‎ ‎ （2）注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置 no matter what/whose/which修饰名词时，该名词必须紧跟其后；no matter 26‎ ‎ how修饰形容词或副词时，该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。‎ 如：No matter how hard he works, he find it difficult to make ends meet. 无论他多么努力工作，却总是入不敷出。‎ ‎（3）注意“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+ever”在用法上的区别：‎ ‎①“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词+ever”互换。‎ 如：No matter where he may be （=Wherever he may be）， he will be happy. 他无论在什么地方都快乐。‎ ‎② 而“疑问词+ever”还可以引导名词性从句。‎ 如：Give this book to whoever likes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。（这里不能用no matter who）‎ ‎③ whoever既可引导名词性从句，又有在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等；whomever也可引导名词性从句，但只能在从句中作宾语。‎ 如：You may invite whomever you like.‎ ‎2.  caring adj. 体贴人的 如：I will miss the school trees and flowers and our kind and caring teachers. 我会怀念学校的树木花草以及我们善良，体贴的老师。‎ ‎3. 用于 go ahead, 注意以下用法：‎ ‎（1）表示同意或允许，意为“说吧”、“做吧”‎ A：May I start? 我可以开始了吗？‎ B：Yes, go ahead. 好，开始吧。‎ ‎（2）表示继续做某事，意为“继续…吧”‎ Go ahead. We are all listening. 继续讲吧，我们都在听呢！‎ ‎4. As you set out on your new journey, you shouldn't forget where you came from. 当你出发踏上你的新的旅程时，不要望了你来自哪里。‎ set out 意为“出发；开始；陈述”。‎ 例句：The professor sets out his ideas clearly in his article. 在这篇文章中教授清楚地表明了自己的想法。‎ set的用法：‎ ‎（1）set about sth.／doing sth. 着手做某事 如：We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm. 我们以极大的热情立即着手这项任务。‎ ‎（2）set aside 放在一边，搁置；存蓄，留下 如：My parents set aside a bit of money every month. 我的父母每个月都存点钱。‎ ‎（3）set off 动身，出发；燃放（鞭炮等），使……爆炸或发出响声 如：After we had finished eating, he proposed to set off immediately. 我们吃完饭后，他建议立即动身。‎ ‎（4）set out 动身，出发；set out to do sth. 打算或着手做某事。‎ 如：They set out as the sun was rising. 太阳升起时，他们就出发了。‎ ‎（5）set up 竖起来，支起来；建立，成立。‎ 如：The school has set up a special class to help slow students.‎ 学校成立了一个特殊的班级，帮助那些后进生。‎ 26‎