2021届新高考英语大一轮复习抓分北师大版：必修1Unit1　Lifestyles学案

2021届新高考英语大一轮复习抓分北师大版：必修1Unit1　Lifestyles学案

一、语基必备知识 (一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 1．questionnaire n．　　　　　 问卷；调查表 2．lifestyle n. 生活方式 3．cartoon n. 卡通片，动画片 4．portable adj. 轻便的，手提(式)的 5．paperwork n. 日常文书工作 6．midnight n. 午夜，半夜 7．expert n. 专家 8．volunteer n. 志愿者 9．diet n. 饮食；节食 10．accountant n. 会计，会计师 11．advertisement n. 广告 12．classical adj. 古典的 13．cycle vi. 骑自行车 14．sickness n. 疾病 15．nearby adj. 附近的__ adv. 在附近 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 1．matter vi. 要紧，有重大关系 2．suppose vt. 认为，猜想 3．switch vt. 转换，转变 4．remote adj. 遥远的 5．document n. 公文，文件 6．partner n. 合作者，搭档 7．stand vt. 忍耐，忍受 8．challenge n. 挑战 9．support vt.& n. 支持；支撑 10．distance n. 距离 11．dial vt. 拨(电话号码) 12．design n．& vt. 设计 13．otherwise adv. 否则；另外 14．forecast n. 预报；预测 15．style n. 风格，作风 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 1．peaceful adj. 平静的；和平的→peace n. 和平→peacefully adv. 和平地 2．relaxing adj. 轻松的，放松的→relax vt. & vi. 放松→relaxed adj. 放松的；轻松的 3．stress n．压力→stressful adj.充满压力的，紧张的→stressed adj. 受压的 4．alarm n. 警报，警告器 →alarmed adj. 害怕的→ alarming adj. 令人惊恐的 5．urgent adj. 急迫的，紧急的→urgently adv. 紧急地→urgency n. 紧急；催促 6．bored adj. 厌烦的，不感兴趣的→boring adj. 没趣的；令人厌倦(或厌烦)的 7．suffer vi. 遭受(痛苦)，感到疼痛→suffering n. 痛苦，苦难→sufferer n. 受害者 8．pressure n. 压力→press v. 按；压 9．social adj. 社交的；社会的 →socially adv. 社会地→ society n. 社会 10．reduce vt. 减少；降低→reduction n. 减少；降低 11．organise vt. 组织 →organisation n. 组织 12．prefer vt. 更喜欢；宁愿→preference n. 偏爱→preferable adj. 更合适的 13．graduate vi. 毕业 →graduation n. 毕业 14．presentation n. 表演；展示→ present v. 呈现 15．formal adj. 正式的，合礼仪的→informal adj. 非正式的 16．crowd n. 人群，一伙人→crowded adj. 拥挤的 1.好“事”多磨 ①incident　　　　 事件 ②matter 事件，问题 ③affair 事务，私事 ④issue 问题，事情 ⑤event 事件，大事 2.学会“容忍(忍受)” ①bear ②tolerate ③stand ④suffer ⑤put up with 3.“支持，拥护”家族 ①advocate vt.　　　 提倡；拥护 ②back vt. 支持 ③support vt. 支持，帮助 ④stand by/for 支持 ⑤in favour of 支持，赞同 (二)重点短语——记牢用活 1．switch__on/off/over　　　 把开关打开，接通/把……关 掉，关上/转换频道，转变 2．go__off (爆竹、铃等)响 3．take__up 占据；开始从事 4．be__filled__with 充满着 5．suffer__from 忍受，遭受 6．free__of 免受；摆脱 7．put__pressure__on... 给……施加压力 8．be__prepared__for... 为……做好准备 9．at__the__moment 此刻，目前 10．get__changed 换衣服，更衣 11．take__turns__to__do__sth. 轮流做某事 12．play__a__role/part__in... 在……中起作用 13．come__up__with 追上，赶上；想出，找到 14．look__forward__to 盼望，期望 15．as__well__as 除……之外还；既……又…… 16．make__a__difference 有影响；起作用 1.“v.＋off”短语聚会 ①go off　 (爆竹、铃等)响 ②take off (飞机)起飞；脱掉 ③cut off 切断；断绝 ④give off 放出 ⑤put off 推迟，拖延 ⑥pay off 偿清；回报 2.“v.＋up”短语全接触 ①take up　 占据；开始从事 ②go up 上升 ③break up 分裂；打碎 ④build up 逐渐增强；建立 ⑤hang up 挂起来；挂断电话 ⑥pick up (无意中)学会；捡起；开车去接 3.“v.＋up＋with”短语大聚会 ①come up with 追上，赶上；想出 ②catch up with 赶上；追上 ③keep up with 跟上 ④put up with 容忍；忍受 ⑤make up with 与……和解/和好 ⑥break up with 与……分手 (三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型 1：do you think 你认为(用作插入语) What kind of lifestyles do__you__think the men in the pictures have？ 你认为图中的人有什么样的生活方式呢？ 句型 2：the＋序数词 ＋n.＋to do sth. I am always the first person to__get__to__the__office. 我总是第一个到达办公室的人。 句型 3：find＋宾语＋ 宾语补足语 I find__painting__or__drawing__very__relaxing. 我发现画画很令人放松。 句型 4：so...that...如 此……以至于…… Usually, it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit. 通常地铁很拥挤，我很难找到座位。 句型 5：the same...that... We don’t have the__same work hours that office workers in the city have. 我们和这个城市里在办公室工作的人的上班时间不同。 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 1．Having settled in that remote(遥远的) area for a year, the young man finally adapted to the weather. 2．(2019·江苏卷)From the design(设计) and colour of our uniforms, the British friends will learn more about our school. 3．Robert can’t stand(忍受) catching the bus, so he always goes to work by bike. 4．What matters(很重要) is not your appearance but your ability. 5 ． (2019· 江 苏 卷 )Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support(支撑) a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head. 6．What are you doing now，Tom？You are supposed(suppose) to go to bed. 7 ． The father is out of work, so the pressure(press) of the poor family is beyond my imagination. 8．Although the world is full of sufferings(suffer), it is also full of the overcoming of it. 9 ． The young girl will be offered a good job as soon as she graduates (graduate) from college. 10．(2019·天津卷)To many people，technology means computers, hand­held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant(distance) planets. Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Listen to the music to relax yourself. In fact, the relaxing music will make most of us feel relaxed．(relax) 2 ． As a graduate from a famous university, she was offered a good job after her graduation．(graduate) 3．They suffered a lot in the war. One of the sufferers told of her sufferings in the war.(suffer) 4．The film League of Gods was really boring,__which made some audience bored. They got up and left.(bore) 5 ． The two countries both love a peaceful life, so they often settle the arguments peacefully．(peace) Ⅲ.选词成篇 take up; be fond of; look forward to; be free of; make a difference; over the years; come up with I 1.am__fond__of music. When I 2.am__free__of homework, I prefer playing the guitar to playing the piano. 3.Over__the__years,__I’ve improved it a lot.But whenever I 4.take__up my piano, I always 5.look__forward__to your help.Could you 6.come__up__with some advice on how to improve my skills? I’m sure it will 7.make__a__difference to me. go off; switch on; switch over; be filled with; suffer from; at the moment; be designed for; be bored with Jamie is very busy 8.at__the__moment. In his opinion, our life 9.is__filled__with challenges and chances which 10.are__designed__for those who work hard, so he would rather 11.suffer__from being homesick.Every morning the moment his alarm clock 12.goes__off,__he gets up and starts to work hard.In his spare time, he either listens to soft music to relax himself or 13.switches__on the TV to watch news. However, he seldom 14.switches__over to watch TV series because he 15.is__bored__with them. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．你认为谁是我们班最优秀的学生？ Who__do__you__think is the best student in our class? 2．探索新地方是很有趣的，即使你知道你并不是第一个到过那里的。 It ’ s fun to explore new places, even though you know you are not the__first__to__have__been__there． 3．我们到达那里时， 发现那座房子被毁掉了。 When we arrived there, we found__the__house__ruined． 4．汤姆非常诚实，因而受到了老师的赞扬。 Tom was so__honest__a__boy__that he was praised by the teacher. 5．这就是我昨天在朋友家读的那本书。 This book is the__same__that I read in my friend’s home yesterday. matter　vi.要紧，有重大关系　n．物质；问题；毛病 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①For most of the people in the hall, it is just a matter of taste. ②It is your attitude towards your classmates that really matters(matter)． ③To make matters(matter) worse, the doctor was late again that morning. [能力提升]——完成句子 ④你失败多少次都不要紧；要紧的是你有多少次站起来并再次尝试。 It__doesn’t__matter how many times you fail; what__matters is how many times you stand up and try again. ⑤坚持不懈，难也变易。 Keep trying no__matter__how__hard__it__seems and it will get easier.,(1)It doesn’t matter. 没关系。 It matters/doesn’t matter (to sb.)＋主语从句 (对某人来说)……有关系，重要/没关 系，不重要。 (2)What’s the matter (with...)? (……)怎么了？ a matter of... 一个……的问题 as a matter of fact 实际上，不瞒你说，事实上 to make matters worse(＝what’s worse) 更糟糕的是 suppose　vt.认为，猜想；假设；应当，应该 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ① ( 北 京 卷 )The college years are supposed to__be(be) a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of adult identity. ②—Will it rain today? —I suppose so. There are so many dark clouds in the sky! ③Supposing/Suppose(suppose) the plane is delayed, what shall we do? [能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ④政府应该采取有效措施保护环境。 The government is__supposed__to__take__effective__measures__to protect the environment. ⑤环境已经大大地影响了人们的日常生活。 The environment has__greatly__affected people’s daily life. ⑥用非限制性定语从句合并④⑤ The__government__is__supposed__to__take__effective__measures__to__protect__the__en vironment,__which__has__greatly__affected__people’s__daily__life. (1)suppose sb./sth.(to be)．.. 认为某人/某事…… be supposed to do 应该做/本该做(而未做) I suppose so 我想是这样 I suppose not 我想不会的 I suppose(＝I think) 我认为(常用作插入语) (2)suppose/supposing(that)．.. 假使……，假定…… [名师点津] (1)当主语是第一人称＋suppose, think, believe, imagine 等接宾语从句时，其 反意疑问句要与从句保持一致。 (2)在 suppose 后可用 so 或 not 来代替 that 从句，避免重复表达过的想法。 switch　vt.转换，转变　n．开关；改变，转变 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①(全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches(switch) him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle­fed，the other is with mum—she never suspects. ②I parked the car, switched off the engine and got off. ③I switched over to CCTV5 to watch the basketball match. ④The girl often switches on her computer as soon as she gets to the office. ⑤(全国卷Ⅱ)For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. (1)switch off 　　　 把……关掉，关上 switch on 把开关打开，接通 switch(...)to... (把……)变换/转移到…… switch over 转换频道，转变 switch into 接入 (2)make a switch 进行改变 [佳句背诵] Make a switch from publishing to teaching.　由出版工作改做教学工作。 suffer　vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦或困难)，受苦；经受(损失等) [基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错 ①a. Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people suffering from hunger. b．(2019·浙江卷 6 月)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered from the greatest water shortage.删除 from ②It is hard to imagine the pain and suffering(suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months. [能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ③(普通表达)He had__never__suffered__such__a__great__loss(从未遭受过这么大的损失) before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life. ④(高级表达)Never before in his life had__he__suffered__such__a__great__loss,__so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装) ⑤(高级表达)Not having__suffered__such__a__great__loss before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life.(分词作状语) (1)suffer 作及物动词时，指遭受一般的痛苦、损害等，其宾语常为 loss，pain， punishment，defeat, hardship, disappointment 等。 (2)suffer from　　　　 受……苦；患病 (3)suffering n. 受苦；苦难　 [佳句背诵] ①Neilson considers herself lucky though she suffered injuries.　尽管受了伤， 尼尔森还是认为自己很幸运。(湖北卷) ②All day and all night it snowed, and the city began to suffer from a general traffic jam. 大雪不分昼夜地下，全城开始陷入交通大拥堵。 [词块助记] suffer from a heart attack 心脏病发作 suffer a great deal from cold and hunger 饥寒交迫 reduce　vt.减少；降低 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ① The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car to__reduce(reduce) air pollution. ②With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days. ③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour. [能力提升]——完成句子 ④减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊你的感受。 One__of__the__most__effective__ways__to__reduce__stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust. reduce...by...　　　 把……减少了…… reduce...to... 把……减少到……； 把……变为…… be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to 为介词)　 [佳句背诵] It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪)． 结果证明看绿色的、生长的东西可以减少压力，降低血压，使人们的心情变得更好。 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) [联想发散] ①reduce→decrease(同义词)； ②reduce→increase,__rise(反义词) prefer　vt.(preferred，preferred，preferring)更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他 事物) [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①I’m quite satisfied, and I prefer renting such an apartment to buying(buy) one. ② Unlike fast­food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to__stay(stay) longer and spend more time. ③(2019·天津卷)Several reasons may account for my preference(prefer) for western painting. [能力提升]——一句多译 我宁愿过简单的生活也不愿浪费有限的资源。 ④I prefer__to__live__simply__rather__than__waste the limited resources. (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.) ⑤I prefer__living__simply__to__wasting the limited resources. (prefer doing sth. to doing sth.) ⑥I would__live__simply__rather__than__waste the limited resources. (would do sth. rather than do sth.) ⑦I would__rather__live__simply__than__waste the limited resources. (would rather do sth. than do sth.) (1)prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth. 相对于……更喜欢(做)…… prefer to do sth.　　　 更喜欢做某事 prefer sb. to do sth. 希望/愿意某人做某事 (2)Error! Error! (3)preference n．　 偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物 [ 佳 句 背 诵 ] I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.　在下个月的欢迎仪式上，与中国的传统服装相比，我更喜欢校服。 (2019·江苏卷) [名师点津] (1)prefer 不用于进行时。 (2)prefer 相当于 like better，所以 prefer 不可与比较级连用。 stand　vt.忍受；经受　vi.站立；处于(某种状态)　n．看台，立场；支架 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①(2018·天津卷)Suddenly I sensed a man standing(stand) behind me. “Where do you think you are？” he asked. ②She will have to find another job, for she can’t stand working(work) overtime any more. [能力提升]——完成句子 ③(湖南卷)多萝西在我印象中很突出，她是在偏远地区活得很精彩的一个人。 Dorothy stands__out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area. ④在中国，中国结代表友谊、爱和好运。 In China, Chinese knotting stands__for friendship, love and good luck. (1)can’t stand sth./(sb.) doing sth. 　　　　　　　　 不能忍受某事/(某人)做某事 (2)stand by　　　 袖手旁观；支持(某人) stand for 代表，象征 stand out 显眼，突出 [佳句背诵] The decision has been made and I have got to stand by it.　决定已经作出了， 我必须要遵守。 [名师点津] (1)stand 意为“忍受”时，常与 can，could 连用，用于否定句和疑问句， 其后常接名词、代词或动词­ing 形式；不能用于进行时态。 (2)表示“忍受”的词汇还有 bear, endure, put up with。 support　vt.支持；支撑；维持；供养　n．[U]支持；拥护；供养 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①(2018·天津卷)Supported(support) by you, we can surely win in the robotic competition. ②a.What moves me is that my parents always support me in what I want to do. b．Whenever I disagree with my brother, my father comes to my support. [能力提升]——完成句子 ③科学家必须提出论据以支持其理论。 A scientist must produce evidence in__support__of his theory. (1)support sb.in sth.　　　 在某方面支持某人 (2)come to one’s support 来支持某人 in support of... 支持……　 [佳句背诵] Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support. 汤姆如此独立以至于他从来都不问父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。(2019·天津 卷) design　n．设计；图案　v. 设计；计划；企图 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ① (2019· 天 津 卷 )Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially designed to__help(help) them succeed academically and personally. ②a.Designed(design) for English beginners, the dictionaries were sold out on the day when it came out. b．Designing(design) a splendid hotel, Mr. Huxley has no time for relaxation these days. ③( 上海卷)Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. [能力提升]——句式升级 (普通表达)This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn’t work out as planned. ④(高级表达)This project designed__to__help__the__students__in__need just didn’t work out as planned.(过去分词作定语) ⑤ ( 高 级 表 达 )This project which__was__designed__to__help__the__students__in__need just didn’t work out as planned.(定语从句) (1)design sth.for... 为某目的或用途而制造或计划 be designed for.../to do sth. 目的是…… (2)Error!　 故意地，蓄意地 Error! 偶然地　 [词块助记] design a car　 　　　　　　 设计汽车 specially designed software 专门设计的软件 the design for the new sports centre 新体育中心的草图 a bowl with a flower design 有花卉图案的碗 otherwise　adv.& conj.否则；另外，在其他方面 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①Work harder, otherwise/or you will fall behind others. ②I was busy then, otherwise I would__have__helped(help) you out. ③They got two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they would__not__have__been(not be) able to afford to go. [能力提升]——完成句子 ④(四川卷)在考前，我花了大量的时间做准备。否则，我不会成功地通过考试。 Before the exam, I spent a large quantity of time in preparing for it. Otherwise,__I__wouldn’ t__have__succeeded__in__passing__the__exam． and otherwise　　　 等等；及其他 or otherwise 或相反；或其他情况　 [佳句背诵] I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need. Otherwise we’ll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later. 我认为我们每一个人都应当尽力去帮助有困难的人。否则，我们迟早要为我们的自私付 出代价。 [名师点津] otherwise 根据句意要求，有时表达与事实相反的否定的含蓄条件，相当于 if 引导的否定虚拟条件句，后面的主句需用虚拟语气结构。 distance　n．距离；路程；远方 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①a.(2017·浙江卷 6 月)Soon, it ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance. b．In my opinion, the picture painted by a famous painter looks better at a distance. ②a.(2019·北京卷)Regardless of the weather or the distance(distant), Paul Wilson will make sure low­income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time. b ． (2018· 天 津 卷 )I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant(distance) campground with just enough time to get there before dark. (1)in the distance　　　 在远方，在远处 at a distance 稍远处；离一段距离 at a distance of 在距……的地方 (2)distant adj.　 遥远的；(指人) 远亲的，冷淡的 [佳句背诵] Not only can the waterfall be seen in the distance, but also its sound may be heard at a distance of two miles.　 这个瀑布不仅在远处就可以看到，而且它的声音可以在两英里外听到。 go off　(爆竹、铃等)响；爆炸；停止运转；(食物)变坏；离去　 [一词多义]——写出下列句中 go off 的含义 ①It is strange that he should go off without saying goodbye.离开 ②It is so hot that the milk has gone off.变质 ③She was watching TV when the door bell went off.(门铃)响 ④Suddenly, all the lights in the building went off. 熄灭 [能力提升]——完成句子 ⑤随着时间的推移，一切都会好起来的。 Everything will get easier as__time__goes__by． ⑥住宅价格上涨，本地人买不起那儿的房子。 The price of homes goes__up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there. go against　　　　　　 反对，违背；不利于 go ahead 开始；进行 go by 逝去；过去 go over 复习 go through 浏览；经历；仔细检查 go out 熄灭 go up (价格等)上升 [佳句背诵] ①When the bomb went off, most of the villagers were asleep. 当炸弹爆炸的时候，大多数村民在睡梦中。 ②Our teacher asked us to go over the language points before the exams come. 老师要求我们在考试之前复习一下知识点。 take up　站好位置以备……；拿起；开始从事；占据；继续；从事于；接受 [一词多义]——写出下列句中 take up 的含义 ①(安徽卷)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用 ②(陕西卷)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始从事 ③The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.继续 ④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受 take in　　 欺骗；理解；领悟；吸收 take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事 take over 掌管，控制；取代 take off 休息；起飞；突然成功；在(某段)休 假　 [词块助记] take up a new job　从事新的工作 take over the job as a manager 接任经理一职 take on a new look 呈现出崭新面貌 take off on time 正点起飞 at the moment　此刻，目前；那时　 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①But at the moment, school comes first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. ②(北京卷)—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right. I will call him later. ③They are having a meeting, so you will have to wait for a moment. ④We must get ready, for the chairman will be back in a moment. at any moment　 　 随时，马上 for the moment 目前，暂时 for a moment 一会儿 in a moment 马上，过一会儿(常用于将来时) [佳句背诵] There’s no way we can afford to buy a house at the moment. 眼下我们无论如何也买不起房子。 come up with　赶上；提出，想出或找到(答案、想法等) [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ① (2019· 全 国 卷 Ⅰ)Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low­cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. ②(2017·浙江卷)Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came up and they started to quarrel. ③I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. [能力提升]——词汇/句式升级 ④(普通表达)The project was raised at the meeting yesterday, and it attracted many people’ s attention. ( 高 级 表 达 )The project came__up/was__come__up__with at the meeting yesterday, attracting__many__people’s__attention．(分词作状语) come about　　　　　 产生；发生 come across 偶遇；偶然发现 come on 来吧；赶快；加油 come to 加起来总共；苏醒 come up 走近；上升；被提出 when it comes to... 涉及；谈到 [名师点津] come up 的主语是物，表示“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出”，为不及物动词 短语，不能用于被动语态；而 come up with 主语是人或团体组织，表示“(某人)提出”，为 及物动词短语。 the＋序数词＋n.＋to do sth. (教材 P9)I am always the first person to get to the office. 我总是第一个到达办公室的人。 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①If I have any further news, you will be the first person to__know(know)． ②As far as I know, Amy was the only person to__witness(witness) the car accident. ③The ability to__express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. ④There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to__contact(contact) you failed. [能力提升]——完成句子 ⑤(2018·浙江卷 6 月)我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。 I can speak fluent English and I am the__first__student__in__my__class__to__go__abroad for further study. (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前有 the next, the only, the last 等时，常用不定式作后置定语。 (2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有 ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief 等。　 [佳句背诵] I would really like to interview Yang Liwei because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.　我真的很想采访杨 利伟，因为他不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人，他也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。 so...that...如此……以至于…… (教材 P14)Usually, it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit.　通常地铁很拥挤，我 很难找到座位。 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there. ②a.(2018·天津卷)You have so much experience in such competitions that your participation will help us win an award. b．There is so little rain this summer here that we have to water the vegetable garden. [能力提升]——句式升级 ③(普通表达)The newly­built stadium is so big that it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) (高级表达)So__big__is__the__newly­built__stadium__that it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.(倒装) (1)so{adj./adv. adj.＋a（n）＋可数名词单数 many/much/few/little（少） ＋名词 }＋that－clause (2)such{a（n）＋adj.＋可数名词 单数 adj.＋可数名词复数 adj.＋不可数名词 }＋that－clause　 [名师点津] (1)在 so/such...that...句型中，当 so 或 such 以及它们所修饰的部分位于句首时，主句要 用部分倒装。 (2)little 既有“少”的意思，又有“小”的意思。当“少”讲时后接不可数名词，用 so 修饰；当“小”讲时后接可数名词，用 such 修饰。 the same...that...句型 (教材 P15)We don’t have the same work hours that office workers in the city have. 我们和这个城市里在办公室工作的人的上班时间不同。 [基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错 ①This is the same bike that I lost the other day. ②At the party my workmate wore the same coat as I wore, which made me annoyed. ③It is just the same pen as I lost yesterday! I have been looking for it all day.as→that ④He is such a good teacher as we all love him.as→that [能力提升]——完成句子 ⑤它是初学者很容易理解的那种英语。 It is such__easy__English__as__beginners can easily understand. 本句使用了 the same...that...句型。先行词之前有 the same 作定语时，引导定语从句的关 系词只能用 that 或 as。 (1)the same(...)that...意为“和……一样”，定语从句中 that 所指代的人或物与先行词是同 一个。 (2)the same(...)as...意为“和……一样，和……相似”，定语从句中 as 所指代的人或物与 先行词是同一类。　 [名师点津] such/so...as 意为“像/诸如……的”时，as 引导的是定语从句，指代先行词 并在从句中充当句子成分。而 such/so...that...中 that 引导的是结果状语从句，that 在从句中不 作成分。 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 1．She couldn’t stand being__waken(wake) up by the noise outside at night. 2．In my opinion, a teacher shouldn’t show any preference(prefer) for anyone of his students. 3．We are aiming to build a peaceful(peace) school.I think it is every student’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal. 4．Studying abroad can be stressful(stress), because you have to worry about adjusting to a new culture at the same time. 5．A great deal of money raised by the organisation(organise) has been donated to the school. 维度二　在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词 1．Remember, when you switch on the television, you are switching off your child’s mind. 2．Heavy smokers are more likely to suffer from lung cancer. 3．We knew they would stand by us no matter what we’d done. 4．The train was so crowded that we had to stand. 5．It’s a science program on the origin of the universe.I’ll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow. 维度三　易错混用(改正下列句子中的错误) 1 ． A customer phoned the manager yesterday, complained about the poor service of the hotel. complained→complaining 2．Generally speaking，she prefers staying at home to go shopping on Sundays. go→going 3．Bill won’t go to the concert with me because he hated rock’n’ roll.hated→hates 4．The bus was such crowded with so many passengers that I could hardly find a seat to sit on. such→so 5 ． The girl wept because she couldn ’ t stand finish so much work in a single day. finish→finishing 维度四　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义) 1．(2018·浙江卷 6 月)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home for dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. 忍受 2．Accustomed to the climate in the countryside，the old couple prefer not to move to the city. 更喜欢 3 ． (2019· 江 苏 卷 )Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels，and for making the right career choices at the individual level.设计 4．Having a large family to support, he took up two part­time jobs in his spare time.供养 5 ． According to the airline rules, we suggest you(should) switch off your mobile phone before boarding.关 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑 体部分用法) Tom is very busy 1.at the moment, because working for the company takes 2.up most of his time. In his opinion, life is 3.filled(fill) with challenges and chances 4.designed(design) for those hard­working people, so he prefers 5.to__work(work) in the company rather than take part in some social 6.activities(activity)． Every day, the moment his alarm clock 7.goes(go) off, he gets up immediately and starts his busy day. He is always the first one 8.to__get(get) to the office and the last to leave. Even after work, he often takes his documents home so 9.that he can deal with them. He seldom watches TV because he is tired of the TV series. In order to improve himself, he spends his spare time on the distant 10.learning(learn) on the Internet. At present, as a manager of the sales department, he often says that he couldn’t have achieved so much without the support from his parents, relatives and good friends. 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文) 1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇) ①过去汤姆放学回家，总是把电视打开。 Tom used__to__switch__on__TV after he returned home from school. ②看电视花去了他大部分的业余时间，这使他患了近视。 Watching TV took__up__most__of__his__spare__time and that made__him__suffer__from short­sightedness. ③意识到这个问题之后，他决心半年不看电视，这对他来说是个挑战。 After he recognized this problem, he decided not to watch TV for half a year, which__was__a__challenge__for__him． ④在家人的支持下，他的诺言变成了现实。 With__his__family’s__support,__his promise came true. ⑤看到他的进步，他的父母心中充满了自豪。 Seeing his progress, his parents were__filled__with__pride． 2．升级平淡句 ⑥用非限制性定语从句升级句② Watching__TV__took__up__most__of__his__spare__time,__which__made__him__suffer_ _from__short­sightedness. ⑦用现在分词作状语升级句③ Recognizing__this__problem,__he__decided__not__to__watch__TV__for__half__a__year,_ _which__was__a__challenge__for__him. 3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： Tom used to switch on TV after he returned home from school. Watching TV took up most of his spare time, which made him suffer from short­sightedness. Recognizing this problem, he decided not to watch TV for half a year, which was a challenge for him. However, with his family’ s support, his promise came true. Seeing his progress, his parents were filled with pride. 课时练 1　2 篇阅读＋1 篇完形 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2020·合肥高三调研) Rich as a King WilliamⅠ， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet( 抽水马桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower(割草机). How did he get__by? History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn’t buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw. Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you’d think I’d be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, and famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howard’s new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors. There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You’d think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too. Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today’s standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms that my wife and I can keep clean. Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers’ fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I can’t keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait. 【解题导语】　本文主要通过同富有的古人对比启迪读者：生活没有必要攀比，要知足 常乐。 1．What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean? A．Succeed as a king. B．Deal with complaints. C．Live in a satisfactory way. D．Get some extra money. C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you’d think I’d be content.”，并结合对第一段第二句的理解：没有现代 这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得称心如意呢？由此可推知，画线短语 表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活”，故选 C。 2．How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present? A．3.　　　　　　　　　 B．4. C．5. D．6. B　解析：细节理解题。根据对第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活对比中作者列举 了四个历史人物，他们分别是：William Ⅰ， Croesus, Alexander the Great 和 Czar Nicholas。 3．According to the passage, the author intends to ________． A．tell us to be content with life B．warn us to live in a simple way C．teach us to learn lessons from life D．encourage us to struggle for wealth A　解析：写作意图题。根据文章的标题 Rich as a King，并结合对全文的整体理解可 推知，作者通过古今生活对比，告诉我们要知足常乐。 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards life? A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Uncaring. D．Cautious. B　解析：观点态度题。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段最后两句“I can’t keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.”可推知，作者对生活持乐观的态度。 B (2020 · 滁 州 高 三 质 检 )As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energy ­ consuming brains? The dominant hypothesis( 假设) suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生态)． Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems? While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems. To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出现的情况) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see today—if there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life. Bigger isn’t necessarily better. But many animals face hard ecological problems. Why don’t they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human­sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others’ suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a human­sized brain. Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文 化知识积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社交 活动。 5．In most people’s view, what makes human evolve large brains? A．Social challenges. B．Social and ecological challenges. C．Ecological challenges. D．Competition with other large animals. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force.”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的 社交活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故 A 项正确。 6．What’s the problem of the common approach? A．Its model is not reliable enough. B．It doesn’t tell the cause and effect clearly. C．Its hypothesis cannot be proved effectively. D．It doesn’t find brain size is connected with problems. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和 影响，故 B 项正确。 7．Why don’t many animals have large brains? A．They don’t learn from each other. B．They don’t face hard ecological problems. C．They don’t need to cooperate with each other. D．They don’t keep learning tough skills as they grow. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why don’t they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to human­sized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow.”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时， 生态环境才会影响人类特定大小的大脑。据此可推知，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰 难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故 D 项正确。 8．Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising? A．Animals don’t have large brains. B．Social challenges decrease brain size. C．Ecological challenges increase brain size. D．It’s unclear whether human brains will expand further. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size.”可知，与主流 观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大 脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故 B 项正确。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2020·合肥第一次质检)Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship. But just before junior year, Greenberg’s __1__ changed. One day his vision “__2__ up” and later he was diagnosed( 诊 断 ) with glaucoma( 青 光 眼 ). Then doctors operated on Greenberg’s eyes. __3__， the surgery didn’t work. Greenberg was going blind. He was so __4__ that he refused to see anyone. As Greenberg’s best friend, Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia University and __5__ to be his “reader”. Arthur read __6__ to him every day, taking time out from his own study, and Greenberg __7__ scoring straight A’s. Still, he was __8__ about getting alone and relied on his friend. Then, one afternoon, Greenberg and Arthur went to Midtown Manhattan. When it was time to go back to campus, Arthur said he couldn’t __9__ him because of an appointment. Greenberg __10__. They argued, and Arthur walked off, __11__ Greenberg alone in Grand Central Terminal. Greenberg, who was completely __12__， stumbled(蹒跚而行) through the rush­hour crowd. He took a shuttle train west to Times Square, and then transferred to an uptown train. Four miles later, he __13__ at the Columbia University stop. At the gate of the university, someone __14__ him. “Oops, excuse me, sir. ” Greenberg __15__ the voice. It was Arthur’s. Greenberg’s first reaction was __16__， but in the next second, he realized what he had just __17__ and realized, too, who had made it possible. __18__， Arthur had been with him the whole day, using one of the most __19__ strategies. Blindness doesn’t make Greenberg fail to appreciate the __20__ of life. He always says he is the luckiest man in the world. 【解题导语】　Greenberg 是哥伦比亚大学的一名优秀学生，他因患青光眼而失明，因 此不愿见任何人。幸运的是，在好朋友 Arthur 的帮助下，他克服了困难，重新找到了生活 的美好。 1．A.faith　　　　　　　　 B．attitude C．fortune D．reputation C　解析：根据空前一句“Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship.”和空后一句中的“he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，此处 表示 Greenberg 的命运(fortune)发生了变化。故正确答案为 C。 2．A.lit B．steamed C．cleared D．cheered B　解析：根据空后的“and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知， 一天，他的视力变得模糊。故正确答案为 B。 3．A.Otherwise B．Moreover C．Therefore D．However D　解析：根据空前一句“Then doctors operated on Greenberg’s eyes.”和空后的“the surgery didn’t work”可知，前后句是转折关系。However “但是，然而”符合语境。故正确 答案为 D。otherwise“否则”；moreover“而且，此外”；therefore “因此，所以”。 4．A.shy B．desperate C．selfish D．nervous B　解析：根据空前一句“Greenberg was going blind.”可知，他是如此绝望(desperate)以 至于拒绝见任何人。故正确答案为 B。 5．A.offered B．pretended C．happened D．learned A　解析：根据下文中的“Arthur read ______ to him every day, taking time out from his own study”可知，Arthur 说服 Greenberg 回到哥伦比亚大学，并主动提出(offered)成为他的“阅读 器”。故正确答案为 A。 6．A.letters B．newspapers C．textbooks D．magazines C　解析：根据下文中的“Greenberg ______ scoring straight A’s”并结合语境可推知， Arthur 应该是给 Greenberg 读课本(textbooks)。故正确答案为 C。 7．A.ended up B．carried on C．imagined D．considered A　解析：根据语境可知，在 Arthur 的帮助下，Greenberg 最终取得了全优的成绩。end up “最后处于” 符合语境。故正确答案为 A。 8．A.curious B．confident C．excited D．tentative D　解析：根据本句中的“Still”以及空后的“relied on his friend”可推知，他对独处感到犹 豫。tentative “犹豫的”符合语境，故正确答案为 D。 9．A.abandon B．rescue C．comfort D．accompany D　解析：根据空后的“because of an appointment”可知，Arthur 因为有约会而无法陪同 (accompany)他。故正确答案为 D。abandon “抛弃，丢弃”；rescue “营救”；comfort “安 慰”。 10．A.compromised B．panicked C．explained D．apologized B　解析：根据语境可知，Greenberg 还没有做好独处的准备，当 Arthur 无法陪同他时， 他感到惊慌失措。故正确答案为 B。compromise “妥协”；explain “解释”；apologize “道 歉”。 11．A.leaving B．finding C．consulting D．serving A　解析：根据空前的“Arthur walked off”可知，Arthur 把 Greenberg 独自留在(leaving) 纽约中央车站。故正确答案为 A。 12．A.tired B．amused C．confused D．satisfied C　解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，对 Arthur 将他独自留下，他感到很困惑。confused “困惑的，糊涂的”符合语境。故正确答案为 C。 13．A.got off B．pulled over C．looked around D．ran away A　解析：根据空后的“at the Columbia University stop”可推知，Greenberg 在哥伦比亚大 学站下了车。故正确答案为 A。 14．A.turned to B．shouted at C．knocked into D．quarreled with C 　 解 析 ： 根 据 下 文 中 的 “Oops, excuse me, sir. ” 可 推 知 ， 有 人 撞 到 了 (knocked into)Greenberg。故正确答案为 C。 15．A.raised B．lost C．controlled D．recognized D　解析：根据下文“It was Arthur’s.”可知，Greenberg 认出了(recognized)Arthur 的声 音。故正确答案为 D。 16．A.anger B．pleasure C．relief D．sorrow A　解析：根据语境可知，Arthur 之前将他独自留下，现在又撞到了他，Greenberg 第 一反应应是愤怒(anger)。故正确答案为 A。 17．A.missed B．questioned C．ignored D．achieved D　解析：根据空后的“and realized, too, who had made it possible”可知，Greenberg 意识 到他这次能独自回到学校而不用依靠 Arthur，这是之前他一直犹豫而没敢去做的事情。故正 确答案为 D。 18．A.Gradually B．Finally C．Obviously D．Strangely C　解析：根据空后的“Arthur had been with him the whole day, using one of the most ______ strategies”可推知，很明显(Obviously)，Arthur 一整天都和他在一起，用一种最巧妙 的(brilliant)计策。故正确答案为 C。 19．A.brilliant B．familiar C．defensive D．complex A　解析：参见上题解析。familiar “熟悉的”； defensive “防御的”；complex “复杂 的”。 20．A.magic B．beauty C．wisdom D．truth B　解析：根据全文以及空后一句“He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.”可知， 失明也未能阻止 Greenberg 欣赏生活的美好(beauty)。故正确答案为 B。 课时练 2　2 篇阅读＋1 篇七选五 ＋1 篇语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2020 ·平顶山名校模拟)When I was three years old, I couldn ’t speak. It was a strange reality that none of the doctors I visited could understand. One day, I was shadowing( 尾随) my mother. She found herself looking in a mirror, and through it our eyes met. She began to speak to me through the reflection, and I slowly began to mimic(模仿) her mouth’s movements until I formed a word. It turned out that I’m deaf in my left ear, and have a slight problem in my right. Being hard of hearing has been difficult, but I’ve never lived in a state of self­hating sorrow. Imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side. That’s my reality when I sleep on my “good ear” ， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes. People call my deaf side my “bad ear”， but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don’t. In cinemas, for example, with one click of a button I can enjoy a whole film as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors. Owning a hearing aid hasn’t always felt good, however. On the first day I got my aid, when I was eight, I took it to school for show and tell. As I explained how it worked to my classmates, a boy yelled out, “Aren’t those for old men？” At that moment, I felt different. It took a long time for me to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers. But it ’ s not just schoolkids who can make us deaf and hard­of­hearing people feel like burdens. Every video on social media that lacks subtitles( 字 幕 ), for example, means an entire community of deaf people is unable to enjoy it. Completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too, as subtitles in cinemas are almost impossible to find. And with hearing aids costing around $2，500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to things that others take for granted. As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations—I’m lucky. I’m deaf, but I can still hear everything. I’ve been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human. And when it comes to sleeping, I’m even superhuman. 【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者积极应对自己听力障碍的励志故事。 1．How does the author view his hearing difficulty? A．It’s a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble. B．It gave him a chance to experience something special. C．It made him feel embarrassed in front of his classmates. D．It helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted. B　解析：推理判断题。根据对第三段的整体理解，尤其是最后一句“That’s my reality when I sleep on my ‘good ear’， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.”可推知， 听力障碍让作者有了与众不同的体验，与最后一段倒数第二句“I’ve been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”呼应，故选 B。 2．What can be inferred from the passage about the author? A．He was born deaf. B．He is optimistic and helpful. C．His family and classmates have supported him a lot. D．The hearing aid brings much convenience to his daily life. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“People call my deaf side my ‘bad ear’， but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people don’ t.”和对本段的整体理解可推知，助听器给作者的生活带来了诸多便利，故选 D。 3．What is the author’s attitude towards his life? A．Grateful.　　　　　　　　 B．Anxious. C．Excited. D．Disappointed. A　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句“As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations—I’m lucky.” 和第四句“I’ve been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”可推知，作者对自己的生活充满感激之情，故选 A。 4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To give advice on life to disabled people. B．To show how difficult life is for disabled people. C．To share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude. D．To show the convenience a hearing aid could bring. C　解析：写作意图题。根据对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述了作者积极应对听 力障碍的励志故事，故选 C。 B (2020· 信 阳 高 三 调 研 )You try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye. But in fact, humans blink about 15 times per minute on average. Have you ever missed anything because you blinked? Probably not. Why is that? According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink. It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption. In order to understand how this works, a group of scientists at the German Primate Center and the University Center Gottingen in Germany conducted an experiment. In the study, the participants were asked to look at patterns on a screen whose direction could be interpreted in different ways, such as horizontally(水平地) or vertically(垂直地). When one pattern was about to disappear and the next one was about to come, the participants had to indicate the direction that the next pattern would appear. The researchers found that when the directions of two patterns didn’t match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction. “The medial prefrontal cortex(额叶皮层) adjusts current visual information with previously obtained information, and thus enables us to perceive the world with more stability, even when we briefly close our eyes to blink，” Caspar Schwiedrzik explained in Science Daily. He is the first author of the study and also a scientist at the German Primate Center. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，眨眼并不会错过细节并解释了其原因。 5．We don’t miss anything when blinking because our brain can ________． A．deal with the missing image B．remember all that we see C．imagine what our eyes miss D．put our pieces of memory together A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September, our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.” 可知，根据九月份发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项新研究，我们的大 脑有能力跳过我们眨眼时形成的暂时黑暗。据此可推知，由于我们的大脑能处理丢失的图像， 所以眨眼不会让我们错过任何东西，故 A 项正确。 6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Our brain.　　　　　　　 B．Visual information. C．Current Biology. D．The temporary darkness. B　解析：代词指代题。根据第二段第二句“It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form an image without interruption.”可知，大脑可以在短时间 内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像，故可推知，it 指代上文中的“visual information”，故 B 项正确。 7．What do we know about the experiment? A．The two patterns appear at the same time. B．Visual memory can be more activated by similarity. C．Participants can interpret patterns differently. D．The different directions activated visual memory. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when the directions of two patterns didn’t match, the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated. This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.”可知，当两个模式的方向不 一致时，掌握视觉记忆的大脑区域则被激活；当两种模式在同一方向时，这个区域则显示出 较少的活动。据此可知，不同的方向能激活视觉记忆，故 D 项正确。 8．What would be the best title for this passage? A．The Brain’s Structure B．The Brain’s Activated Patterns C．The Brain’s Special Skill D．The Brain’s Orientation C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项科学研究。研究表明，眨 眼不会错过细节并解释了其原因，即大脑有能力在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在 一起形成不中断的图像信息。故 C 项最适合作本文的标题。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2020·重庆质量抽测) Ways to Get Your Kids into Nature Being in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your children’s lives, even if you live in the city. Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parent ’ s excitement can be spread to the children, and when you show respect for nature, your children follow suit. 1.________. “I don’t know! Let’s find out together.” is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling. Be open to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children. 2．________. If you have to carpool(拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window. The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds. After all, even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial. Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in your children’s health and well­being. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more likely to engage in it. 3.________， nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents. Look at the stars. Visit your local observatory, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing( 天体观察) with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe. 4.________． Plant a small garden. 5.________. Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth. A．Limit electronic devices while driving B．Encourage questions you don’t know the answers to C．If you want to raise your healthy and well­balanced children D．If you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetables E．It will teach teamwork, pride in the community, and family togetherness F．If your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the community G．Allow yourself to think about it, and talk to your children about that wonder 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。 1．B　解析：根据下文中的“‘I don’t know! Let’s find out together.’ is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling.”，并与上文中的“Inspire curiosity”呼应可推知，此处表示鼓励孩子一起 探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起孩子的好奇心，故选 B 项。 2．A　解析：根据空后一句“If you have to carpool (拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window.”可推知，开车时关掉电 子设备，多看看窗外也是一种与自然接触的方式，故选 A 项。 3．C　解析：承接上文“Time in nature is an essential inves­tment in your children’s health and well­being.”和空后的“nurturing creativity...as parents”可推知，如果想要培养出健康、明 智的孩子，培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任，故选 C 项。 4．G　解析：根据上文“Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe.”可推知，和孩子一起观察星空能够加深孩子对自然界的理解，与 G 项呼应，故选 G 项。 5．D　解析：承接上文“Plant a small garden.”，并与下文“Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.”呼 应可推知，此处作者建议父母开辟一个小菜园，帮孩子种些蔬菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹， 故选 D 项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2020·合肥重点高中摸底)I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how 1.____________(terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed on me. I had no choice but 2.____________(prepare) for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, 3.____________ was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part 4.____________(lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for it 5.__________(forbid) to read from the paper. The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs 6.____________(tremble) and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found 7.____________ back, delivering my speech without difficulty. After 8.____________ seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made it! From then on, my fear of talking before the audience disappeared. Actually with my 9.____________(confident) built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the 10.____________(great) difficulty on my way to success is my fear. Overcome it and I will be able to achieve my goals. 【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者通过一次演讲克服了自己的恐惧心理，增强了自信。 1．terribly　解析：考查副词。修饰形容词一般用副词，故用副词 terribly 修饰形容词 shy，在句中作状语。 2．to prepare　解析：考查非谓语动词。have no choice but to do sth.为固定用法，意为“除 了做某事，别无选择”，符合语境，故此处用不定式形式。 3．which　解析：考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，并 在从句中作主语，指代“to draft the speech”，故填 which。 4．lay　解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“was”可知，文中描述的事情发生在过 去，故此处用动词的过去式，故填 lay。 5．was forbidden　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。forbid 和句子的形式主语 it 之间是 被动关系，且事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 6．trembling　解析：考查 with 复合结构。“with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋宾补”为独立 主格结构。此处 my legs 和 tremble 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。 7．myself　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我发现我自己恢复原状”，应 为“found myself back”，故填反身代词 myself。 8．what　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语， 表示“……的东西”，故用 what 引导该宾语从句。 9．confidence　解析：考查词性转换。由空前的形容词性物主代词 my 可知，此处用名 词形式，故填 confidence。 10．greatest　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据语境和空前的定冠词 the 以及空后的名词 difficulty 可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，故填 greatest。