2019届一轮复习译林版选修七Unit4Publictransport单元学案设计（38页）

2019届一轮复习译林版选修七Unit4Publictransport单元学案设计（38页）

‎2019届一轮复习译林版选修七Unit 4Public transport单元学案设计 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．*route n．　　　　　　 (常规)路线 ‎2．rail n. 铁路；栏杆，扶手；横杆 ‎3．outer adj. 远离中心的，外围的；外表的，表层的 ‎4．horsedrawn adj. 用马拉的 ‎5．tram n. 有轨电车 ‎6．cab n. 出租车，的士 ‎7．*metropolitan adj. 大城市的，大都会的 ‎8．*tunnel n. 地下通道，隧道 ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎9．section n．　　　　　　 部分；部件；部门 ‎10．interval n. 间隔，间隙 ‎11．ownership n. 所有权，产权 ‎12．architect n. 建筑师 ‎13．*prime adj. 首要的，主要的 n. 盛年；鼎盛时期 ‎14．minister n. 部长，大臣；牧师 ‎15．userfriendly adj. 方便用户的，便于使用的 ‎16．*subway n. 地铁 ‎17．platform n. 站台，月台；平台；讲台，舞台 ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎18．handful n．　　　　　 少量的人或物；一把(的量)‎ ‎19．*newsflash n. (插播的)简明新闻 ‎20．port n. 港口；(计算机)端口 ‎21．cyclist n. 骑自行车的人 ‎22．pedestrian n. 行人，步行者 adj. 行人(使用)的 ‎23．minibus n. 中巴，小型公共汽车 ‎24．*lane n. 车道；小路，小巷 ‎25．beer n. 啤酒；一杯(或一罐)啤酒 ‎26．brake n. 刹车，车闸 vt. 用车闸减速，刹车 ‎27．tyre n. 轮胎　‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎1．convey vt.　 　　　　 运送，输送；表达 ‎2．unfortunately adv. 遗憾的，不幸地，可惜地 ‎3．unbelievable adj. 非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的 ‎4．traffic_jam n. 堵车，交通堵塞 ‎5．via prep. 经由，经过(某一地方)；通过，凭借 ‎6．postpone vt. 延迟，延期 ‎7．choke vi. & vt. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞 n. 哽咽声，呛住的声音 ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎8．undertake vt. & vi.　　　 承担，从事；承诺，答应 ‎9．authority n. 权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权 ‎10．enlarge vt. & vi. 扩大，扩展，增大 ‎11．anniversary n. 周年纪念日 ‎12．growth n. 增加，增长；成长，生长 ‎13．enquiry n. 询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究　‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎14．split vi. & vt.　　　　　 分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破 ‎15．annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的 ‎16．receptionist n. 接待员 ‎17．detail n. 具体情况，详情，细节 ‎18．reservation n. 预订，预约；保留意见 ‎19．timetable n. 时间表，时刻表 ‎20．departure n. 离开，出发；背离，违反 ‎21．ferry n. 渡船；摆渡 vt. 渡运，摆渡　‎ ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎22．punctual adj.　　　　　 准时的，守时的 ‎23．arise vi. 出现，产生 ‎24．aggressive adj. 好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的 ‎25．crash n. & vi. & vt. 撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃 ‎26．fine vt. 处以罚金 ‎27．drunk adj. 喝醉的 n. 醉汉，酒鬼　‎ ‎[第八屏听写]‎ ‎28．violate vt.　　　　　　 违犯，违反；侵犯 ‎29．turning n. 拐弯处，转弯处 ‎30．load n. 负荷，负载；大量，许多 vt. 装载，装上，装入 ‎31．crossing n. 人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越 ‎32．drop_off 中途下客或卸货 ‎33．link_up 联合，连接 ‎34．at_(...)_intervals 每隔……距离或时间 ‎35．put_through 给某人接通(电话)；使经历 ‎[第九屏听写]‎ ‎36．decide_on/upon　　　　　 决定，选定 ‎37．put_off 推迟，推延；使反感 ‎38．turn_up 出现，到来；调高(音量等)‎ ‎39．fill_in 填写(表格)；消磨(时间)‎ ‎40．a_handful_of 少数的，少量的 ‎41．split_up 分组，分解；分离 ‎42．speed_up (使)加速 ‎43．arise_from 起因于，由……引起　　‎ 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 ‎(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识记单词写对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)‎ ‎1.tunnel n．　　　　地下通道，隧道 ‎2.choke vi.&vt. (使)窒息，(使)哽咽；塞满 n. 哽咽声 ‎3.prime adj. 首要的，主要的 n. 盛年；鼎盛时期_‎ ‎4.minister n. 　 部长，大臣；牧师 ‎5.newsflash n. (插播的)简明新闻 ‎ ‎6.interval n. 间隔，间隙 ‎7.pedestrian n. 行人，步行者 ‎8.crash n．&vi.&vt.‎ ‎ 撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)‎ ‎1.split vi. & vt. 分割，(使)分开；撕开 ‎2.annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的 ‎3.departure n. 离开，出发；背离，违反 ‎4.timetable n. 时间表，时刻表 ‎5.drunk adj. 喝醉的 n. 醉汉，酒鬼 ‎1.Would you please make my reservation (预定) to Chicago for tomorrow? ‎ ‎2.Please give him lots of love instead of high expectations; otherwise he will be loaded (负载) with great pressure.‎ ‎3.The project undertaken (从事) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.‎ ‎4.I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen (出现)．‎ 核心单词练通 ‎5.It rained and therefore the football match was postponed (推迟)．‎ ‎6.When the information is to be conveyed (传递) over any distance, a communication system is required.‎ ‎7.World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7 April, which marks the anniversary (周年纪念日) of WHO.‎ ‎8.The Oxford English Dictionary is the best authority (权威) on English words.‎ 拓展单词用活 ‎[记全记牢]‎ ‎1.cyclist n．骑自行车的人→cycle v．骑自行车 ‎2.unfortunately adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n．幸运，财富 ‎3.unbelievable adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的→believable adj.可信的→believe v．相信 ‎4.enlarge vt.& vi.扩大，扩展，增大→large adj.大的 ‎5.growth n．增加，增长；成长，生长→grow v．长大，生长 ‎ ‎6.enquiry n．询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究→enquire v．询问，打听 ‎ ‎7.receptionist n．接待员→reception n．接待处→receive vt.接待，招待 ‎8.punctual adj.准时的，守时的→punctually adv.准时地，守时地→punctuality n．准时，守时 ‎9.aggressive adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的→aggression n．好斗情绪，攻击性→aggressor n．侵略者，挑衅者 ‎[用准用活]‎ ‎1.She cycled too fast round the corner, lost her balance and fell off. What was worse, she ran into another cyclist.(cycle)‎ ‎2.He wanted to make a fortune in the USA, but unfortunately,_he died halfway.(fortune)‎ ‎3.Her teachers did a lot for her growth. So when she grew up, she frequently visited them on festivals.(grow)‎ ‎4.The officer involved was dismissed because he had violated strict guidelines. Now he regrets his violation of the rules.(violate)‎ ‎5.When we got to that hotel, we were well received. We would appreciate it if the hotel receptionist can call a taxi for us when we check out tomorrow. Thus we will think well of their reception.(receive)‎ ‎6.When you cross the street at a pedestrian crossing,_you can't be too careful.(cross)‎ ‎7.Believe in yourself and work harder than others. Then you can do ‎ ‎10.violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯→violation n．违反 ‎ ‎11.crossing n．人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越→cross vt.穿过 unbelievable things.(believable)‎ ‎8.Yesterday I received a present. I don't know who sent it, but I'll make careful enquiries. I'm writing to my friends to enquire about it.(enquiry)‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.探究“时间”高频词 ‎①interval n．　　间歇 ‎②break n. 间歇 ‎③moment n. 片刻 ‎④while n. (一段)时间 ‎⑤instant n．& adj. 时刻；即刻的 ‎⑥permanent adj. 永久的 ‎⑦temporary adj. 暂时的 ‎⑧punctual adj. 守时的 ‎2.“冲突，碰撞”表达种种 ‎①knock　　　敲击 ‎②collision 撞击，碰撞 ‎③impact 碰撞，冲击 ‎④dash 猛撞 ‎⑤crash 撞车；碰撞 ‎⑥clash 冲突 ‎⑦run into 撞在……上 ‎3.由cyclist想到的“行家”‎ ‎①artist　　　　艺术家 ‎②chemist 化学家 ‎③economist 经济学家 ‎④linguist 语言学家 ‎⑤pianist 钢琴家 ‎⑥psychologist 心理学家 ‎⑦scientist 科学家 ‎(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第一组 ‎1.drop_off　　　中途下客或卸货 ‎2.put_through 给某人接通(电话)‎ ‎3.put_off 推迟，推延；使反感 ‎4.result_in 造成 ‎5.split_up 分组，分解；分离 ‎6.arise_from 起因于，由……引起 ‎7.at_(...)_intervals 每隔……距离或时间 ‎　　I rang you several times this morning but your secretary could not ①put me through to you. I called him to tell you that if it should rain tomorrow, we would ②put_off_the athletic meeting, which will not ③result_in a loss.‎ 第二组 ‎1.fill_in　　　　　填写(表格)‎ ‎2.be_aimed_at 旨在，目的是 ‎3.decide_on/upon 决定，选定 ‎4.a_handful_of 少数的，少量的 ‎5.in_good_condition 身体健康，状况好 ‎6.in_connection_with 与……有联系 ‎　　We have many activities ①aimed_at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking. After you ②decided_on/upon which one to choose, please ③fill_in the form on the table so that we can make arrangements for you.‎ 第三组 ‎1.link_up　　　　联合，连接 ‎2.turn_up 出现，到来 ‎3.speed_up (使)加速 ‎4.in_need_of 需要 ‎5.watch_out_for 小心 ‎6.look_both_ways 左顾右盼 ‎7.step_into 步入，走进 ‎　　With the cars ①linking_up with our life closely, I believe that this will ②speed_up the development of economy and more employment chances will ③turn_up. Because of more cars, our life quality will be greatly improved. ‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“v.＋up”短语联想 ‎①split up 分组，分解，分离 ‎②set up 建立 ‎③end up 结束 ‎④pay up 付清 ‎⑤cut up 切碎 ‎⑥link up 联合，连接 ‎2.神“出”鬼“没”家族 ‎①show up　　露面，出现 ‎②come up 出现；发生 ‎ ‎③turn up 出现；发生 ‎ ‎④appear vi. 出现；显得；登场 ‎ ‎⑤disappear vi. 消失；失踪 ‎⑥die out 灭绝；消失 ‎3.“v.＋in”常用短语 ‎①take in　理解，欺骗 ‎②turn in 移交 ‎③break in 闯入 ‎④give in 屈服，让步 ‎⑤result in 导致 ‎⑥bring in 引进 ‎4.“in＋good＋n.”短语聚会 ‎①in good shape身材好 ‎②in good condition ‎　身体健康，状况好 ‎③in good mood 情绪好 ‎④in good spirits ‎　情绪好，兴高采烈 ‎(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.So, why not take a trip on the oldest underground system today？‎ 那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？ ‎ ‎“why not＋动词原形”表示“为什么不……”，常用来提出建议。‎ 既然你喜欢爬山，为什么不选择去泰山旅行呢？(2017·北京高考满分作文) ‎ Since you like climbing the mountain, why_not_choose the trip to Mount Tai？‎ ‎2.Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them. ‎ 以下是机动车如小汽车、小型巴士和货车引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司机为防止事故应采取的措施。‎ 完全倒装句：表示地点、方向的副词或介词短语置于句首，主语较长，此时常使用倒装。‎ 沿途全是大树，如果累了我们可以乘凉。(2017·6月浙江高考写作佳句) ‎ Along the road are_tall_trees,_we can relax in a cool place if we're tired.‎ ‎3.It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.‎ 靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们大家，即道路使用者。‎ It is up to sb. to do sth.意为“由某人决定做某事”。‎ 这些仅是我的建议，但是选择哪一条路线由你决定。(2017·北京高考满分作文) ‎ These are my suggestions but it_is_up_to_you_to_decide which route to choose.‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Several of my friends and I went to Dalian for holidays last week. We had made reservations for hotels ❶________ advance and we planned to go there by ‎ ‎1.①处应填介词in。‎ ‎2.②处What's worse的同义表达是 selfdriving. But on the way to Dalian, we came across a car accident. ❷What's_worse,_a load of pigs got loose, ❸________ (cause) a traffic jam lasting 10 hours on the expressway. We all wondered: if so, why not stay at home for a rest！‎ To_make_the_matter_worse。‎ ‎3.③处用所给词的适当形式填空causing。‎ ‎1. reservation n．预定，预约；保留意见 ‎(1)without reservation　　　 无保留地，无条件地 make a reservation 预定(房间、票)；预约 ‎(2)reserve n. 储备，储存；自然保护区 ‎ v. 储备，保留，预约 reserve sth. for sb./sth. 为某人/某物预约/保留某物 be reserved for 留作，(专)供……之用 a wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区 ‎[多角练透]‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①For individual travelers, hotel reservation (reserve), air tickets, travel insurance are required.‎ ‎②The selfcatering flats are_reserved (reserve) for postgraduate students.‎ 完成句子 ‎③Please allow me to speak out the truth without_reservation.‎ 请允许我直言不讳地说出事实。‎ ‎④I think I'd better call them to make_a_reservation for tonight.‎ 我想我最好给他们打电话为今天晚上作个预定。‎ ‎⑤Are you for building highways in_a_wildlife_reserve?‎ 你赞成在野生动物保护区修公路吗？‎ ‎[名师指津]　形似词preserve vt.意为“保护，保存；维护”。‎ ‎2. load n．[C]负荷，负载；大量，许多vt.装载，装上，装入 ‎(1)a load of ＝ loads of　　　　　 大量，许多 take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑 ‎(2)load ...with ... 用……装载……‎ load ... into/onto ... 把……装到……上去 load off one's mind 去除某人的精神负担 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单项填空 ‎①(2018·苏北四校高三模拟)Life is like a bus ________ with passengers, each man to his destination.‎ A．loading　　　　　　　 B．to load C．loaded D．having loaded 解析：选C　句意：人生就像一辆满载乘客的公交车，每个人都驶向自己的目的地。bus与load之间为被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。‎ 介、副词填空 ‎②They loaded themselves with food, medical supplies, and oxygen equipment.‎ ‎③The good news has taken a load off my mind. ‎ ‎④Once goods are loaded into/onto trucks, everything slows down.‎ 一句多译 果真如此， 我就放心了。‎ ‎⑤If this is really true, it'll take_a_load_off_my_mind.‎ ‎(load n．)‎ ‎⑥If this is really true, it'll load_off_my_mind.(load v．)‎ ‎3. why not ＋ 动词原形 ‎[教材原句]　So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?‎ 那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？‎ 句型why not ...主要有两层含义：‎ ‎(1)why not后跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不做……呢，做……如何”相当于Why don't you do ...?‎ ‎(2)why not可单独使用，表示同意，意为“当然可以，好啊，干嘛不”。‎ ‎①What you need is a change of surroundings. Why_not_go on a cruise? ‎ 你需要换换环境。为什么不乘船去旅行呢？ ‎ ‎②—May I go with you?‎ ‎—Why_not?‎ ‎——我可以和你一起去吗？‎ ‎——可以呀。‎ 表示“建议”的常见句型还有：‎ Let's do ...　　　　　　　 　　 让我们做……‎ Shall we do ...? 让我们做……，好吗？‎ Would you like to do ...? 你想(愿意)做……吗？‎ Will you please do ...? 请你做……，好吗？‎ What/How about doing ...? 做……怎么样？‎ I suggest that sb.(should) do ... 我建议某人做……‎ You'd better (not) do ... 你最好(不)做……‎ ‎③I suggest_that_we_(should)_hold a meeting to discuss this. ‎ 我建议我们开个会对此进行一下讨论。 ‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　People in the downtown of London used to be conveyed by horsedrawn buses, trams etc. The digging of London Underground was once ❶postponed for lack ❷________ money. In 1884, two railway stations linked up and provided underground service. In 1902, a rich American businessman undertook the job of improving the system. So now London has the oldest and most complex underground system.‎ ‎1.①处postpone的同义短语是put_off。‎ ‎2.②处应填介词of。‎ ‎4．convey vt.运送，输送；表达，传达 convey one's feelings/meanings/appreciation/affection/emotions　　‎ ‎ 表达某人的感情/意思/感谢/喜爱/情感 convey sth. to sb.　　 向某人表达/传递某物 convey sb./sth. from A to B 把某人或某物从A地运送到B地 ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①In this letter, I would like to convey_my_sincere_appreciation_to you for your assistance.‎ 对于您的帮助，我想在这封信中表达对您衷心的感谢。‎ ‎②Your baggage will be_conveyed by helicopter from the airport to your hotel.‎ 你的行李将用直升机由机场运到旅馆。‎ ‎③Somehow I also had to convey_confidence_to my daughter, to help her get over difficulties.‎ 我还得设法把信心传递给女儿，帮她克服困难。‎ ‎5. postpone vt.延迟，延期 ‎(1)postpone sth.(to/until ...)　　 推迟某事(到……)‎ postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事 ‎(2)postponement n. 延迟，延期 ‎[题点全练]　介词填空/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①He decided to postpone the expedition until/to the following day.‎ ‎②I shall postpone making (make) a decision till I learn full particulars.‎ ‎③The postponement (postpone) was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held.‎ ‎6. undertake vt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应 undertake to do sth.　　　　　 答应/同意做某事 undertake responsibility/a task/a project ‎ 承担责任/任务/工程 undertake that ... 保证/承诺……‎ ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①We_cannot_undertake_that we shall finish the task in time. ‎ 我们无法保证按时完成这一工作。‎ ‎②She is glad to undertake_to_sweep the rooms and set them in order. ‎ 她愿意负责把那些屋子打扫干净，整理得有条不紊。‎ ‎③Williams said he was unwilling to undertake_such_a_responsibility alone.‎ 威廉姆斯说他不愿意独自承担这样一个责任。‎ ‎7．link up联合，连接；使结合；使连接 link up with　　　　　 与……联合/汇合/碰头 link ... with/to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来 be linked to/with 与……有关 ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①A new road would be needed to link_up_with the main road. ‎ 需要修一条新路与干线相连。‎ ‎②The local government plans to build a railway to link_up the two islands. ‎ 当地政府计划建一条铁路把两个岛屿连起来。‎ ‎③Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has been_linked_with/to an increased risk of heart disease.‎ 肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的几率。 ‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　❶Nowadays more and more families have cars. And this speeds up the development of economy, and meanwhile results in more traffic jams. Accidents have become more frequent and more deaths have arisen over the past years. Only when we are put through the pain can we realise the importance of safe driving. In a word, it is up to us all ❷________ (make) sure that roads are smooth.‎ ‎1.将①处画线部分升级为含定语从句的句子：‎ Nowadays_more_and_more_families_have_cars,_which_speeds_up_the_development_of_economy,_and_meanwhile_results_in_more_traffic_jams.‎ ‎2.②处用所给词的适当形式填空to_make。‎ ‎8. arise vi.出现，产生；(由……)引起；起身；起床 ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中arise的含义 ‎①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身 ‎②New problems will arise one after another in the future.出现 ‎③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床 ‎④The problem arose from lack of experience.由……引起 ‎[系统考点]‎ arise from ＝ arise out of　　　　 由……引起/产生 if/when the need arises 如果/当有需要时 ‎[练通重点]　完成句子 ‎⑤Science arose_from/out_of the practical necessity of dealing with everyday problems. ‎ 科学出自人们处理日常问题的实际需要。‎ ‎⑥Children should be disciplined when/if_the_need_arises.‎ 必要时孩子们应受到管教。‎ ‎[名师指津]　arise为不及物动词，表示“出现，发生”时，主语一般为argument，difficulty, misunderstanding, problem, quarrel, trouble等抽象名词。‎ ‎9．speed up (使)加速 at high/low/full/top speed　　　　 以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of ... 以……速度 with great/all speed 以很快的速度/全速 ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①A car passed him at_top_speed,_sounding its horn. ‎ 那辆车鸣着喇叭，全速从他身边驶过。‎ ‎②Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed_up to reach our destinations.‎ 显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。‎ ‎③The plane is flying at_a_speed_of 200 miles an hour. ‎ 飞机正以每小时二百英里的速度飞行。‎ ‎④Our car was running with_all_speed on the expressway.‎ 我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。‎ ‎[名师指津]　speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：speeded, speeded 或sped, sped；speed up的反义短语为slow down“放慢速度”。‎ ‎10．put through给某人接通(电话)；使经历；使成功；使通过；完成 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中put through的含义 ‎①I'm looking for a parttime job to help put me through school.完成 ‎②Both the boys were put through the pains they had never experienced before.使经历 ‎③They put all the students through the important exams.使通过 ‎④Can you put me through to the president office of the institute.给某人接通(电话)‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ break through　　　　　 突破；突围 cut through 抄近路穿过；影响；符合 get through 通过；接通电话；使(某人)理解 go through 通过；经历；仔细查看；查阅 look through 仔细检查；浏览 see through 看穿，识破；看透 ‎[应用领悟]‎ ‎①She decides to work hard and break through all the difficulties in English.‎ 她决定努力学习，克服英语上的所有难点。‎ ‎②You'd better look through your notes before the midterm examination.‎ 你最好在期中考试前复习一下自己的笔记。‎ ‎11．It is up to sb.to do sth. ‎ ‎[教材原句]　It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety. ‎ 靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们大家，即道路使用者。‎ It is up to sb.to do sth.为固定句式，多出现在口语中，意为“由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的职责”。‎ ‎①Life provides you with time and space. It's_up_to_you_to_fill_it. ‎ 生命只给你时间与空间。如何填满它是你自己的事。‎ ‎②It's up to her to_decide whether or not to go on with the course.‎ 是否继续上这一门课程由她决定。‎ ‎③Call in, or ring us up. It's_up_to_you.‎ 你可以亲自来访，也可以打电话，由你定。‎ ‎[巧学助记]　　巧记up to：多到达到一直到，忙于胜任做决定。‎ ‎④Don't worry. He is_up_to the job you offered him.‎ 不用担心，他能胜任你为他提供的这份工作。‎ ‎ [单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The spokesman refused to tell us all the details (细节) we want.‎ ‎2．She woke him for his medicines at intervals (间隔) throughout the night.‎ ‎3．I'm sorry to inconvenience you, but we have to postpone (推迟) our exhibition.‎ ‎4．New concerns have arisen (出现) over the emissions from the growing number of motor vehicles. ‎ ‎5．I want to convey (传递) a positive, optimistic message like sunshine and love to audience through the programme.‎ ‎6．A young man was bending low to push a heavily loaded (载重的) bike up a slope.‎ ‎7．The drivers of motor vehicles should pay greater attention to the safety of the pedestrians (行人)．‎ ‎8．I soon found I had undertaken (承担) a task of more difficulty than I had imagined. ‎ ‎9．The US business today is challenged by aggressive (挑衅的) overseas competitors. ‎ ‎10．Many African people have only the basics of survival. It's absolutely unbelievable (难以置信的)．‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎1．The driver began to ________ to make up for the lost hours he'd lost in the traffic jams.‎ A．speed up　　　　　　　　 B．keep up C．take up D．catch up 解析：选A　句意：司机开始加速以弥补在交通阻塞中失去的时间。speed up“加速”，符合语境。keep up“继续”； take up“占据，从事”； catch up“追上，赶上”。‎ ‎2．The workers are loading the goods ________ a car, that is to say, they are loading the car ________ goods.‎ A．with; with B．into; into C．into; with D．with; into 解析：选C　句意：工人们正在把货物装到卡车里，也就是说，他们正在给卡车装货物。load ...into ...“把……装到……里”； load ...with ...“给……装满……”。‎ ‎3．I was so excited at the news that I was admitted to the university that I could hardly ________ my feelings in words.‎ A．convey B．carry C．transmit D．communicate 解析：选A　句意：听到被大学录取的消息我太兴奋了以至于我几乎无法用语言来表达我的感受。convey“表达”，符合语境。carry“携带”； transmit“传送，传播”； communicate“交流”。‎ ‎4．—Rose, shall we attend the lecture about food and its nutrition this afternoon?‎ ‎—________？ It is closely related to our health.‎ A．What if B．Why not C．How come D．What for 解析：选B　句意：“Rose，今天下午我们去听有关食物和营养的演讲好吗？”“为什么不呢？它与我们的健康密切相连。”What if“要是……又怎样呢”； Why not“为什么不呢”； How come“怎么发生的；怎样解释呢”； What for“为什么呢”。根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎5．Who do the passengers on board think it is up to ________ a final decision about such a matter?‎ A．make B．making C．to make D．to be making 解析：选C　句意：乘客认为应该由谁对这样一个重大事件作出最终的决定呢？分析句子结构可知，空处是it is up to sb.to do sth.结构，意为“由某人来决定做某事”。空处不表示正在进行的动作，故选C。‎ ‎6．Unexpected difficulties ________in the course of their experiment.‎ A．arises B．were arising C．arose D．were arisen 解析：选C　句意：在他们的实验过程中出现了不可预期的困难。根据“in the course of their experiment”可知用一般过去时。‎ ‎7．—Jack has been out of consciousness since the accident. Will he come to himself, doctor?‎ ‎—It's going to be tough but we anticipate that he will ________.‎ A．put through B．pull through C．put over D．pull over 解析：选B　句意：“杰克自从事故以后一直处于昏迷中。医生，他能苏醒吗？”“将很难，但是我们预感他能渡过难关。”pull through “渡过难关，恢复健康”，符合句意。put through“实行；完成；接通电话”；put over“成功完成；推迟”；pull over“靠边停车”。‎ ‎8．—I don't think I can go there with you as planned because something urgent has ________.‎ ‎—What a shame!‎ A．come up B．cleared up C．stayed up D．linked up 解析：选A　句意：“我想我不能按照计划和你一起去了，因为发生了一些紧急的事。”“多么遗憾啊！”come up“出现，发生”，符合句意。clear up“整理，收拾”；stay up“熬夜”；link up“连接”。‎ ‎9．(2018·扬州模拟) Though Tom was physically challenged, he did not ________ ‎ himself to his fate. ‎ A．resist B．reserve C．resign D．rescue 解析：选C　句意：尽管汤姆身体上受到挑战，但他没有向命运屈服。resign oneself to sth.“使听从于，顺从”；resist“抵制”；reserve“预备，储存”；rescue“营救”。‎ ‎10．—I'm worried about the sports meet. Do you think it ________？‎ ‎—If it should rain tomorrow, but actually the weather forecast has removed our worry.‎ A．will postpone B．was postponed C．has been postponed D．will be postponed 解析：选D　句意：“我担心这次运动会。你觉得它会延期吗？”“如果明天下雨的话(它就会延期)，但事实上天气预报打消了我们的疑虑。”根据but后答语的内容可知，if从句是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态。‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．It's_up_to_you_to_decide_whether to carry out this plan or not.‎ 由你来决定是否实施这一计划。‎ ‎2. You're looking tired. Why_not_take_a_holiday?‎ 你一脸倦容，怎么不休假呢？ ‎ ‎3．Her diligence must be_linked_to/with her success. ‎ 她的勤勉和她的成功一定有关系。‎ ‎4．Many great men have_arisen_from humble beginnings. ‎ 英雄不怕出身低。‎ ‎5．It's time you took/should_take_a_load_off_your_mind.‎ 现在是你摆脱掉你心理负担的时候了。‎ Ⅳ.课文段落大意概括 阅读本单元Reading部分，试着以约30个词概括第一段(P50，L1－10)的段落大意。‎ The London Underground is the oldest and most complex underground system in ‎ the world. In order to solve the traffic problems of rail services and traffic jams in the city, the underground system was developed.‎ ‎[高考提能训练] ‎ 检测评价A卷 Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．—Can I ask for a leave tomorrow, Mrs. Harmon?‎ ‎—________.You've missed half of your work already.‎ A．That all depends B．Forget it C．Never mind D．Don't worry 解析：选B　句意：“哈蒙夫人，我明天能请假吗？”“算了吧，你已经错过了半天的班了。”that all depends“看情况而定”；forget it“算了吧”；never mind“没关系”；don't worry“别着急”。根据句意可知B项正确。‎ ‎2．With more forest being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. ‎ A．is washing away B．is being washed away C．are washing away D．are being washed away 解析：选D　句意：随着更多的森林被破坏，每年大量的肥沃土壤被冲走。“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；动词短语 wash away与主语之间构成动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故选D项。‎ ‎3．(2018·苏锡常镇模拟)The threat of air pollution is real and we shouldn't ________ responsibility to fight it.‎ A．hand over B．shrink from C．pull over D．arise from 解析：选B　句意：空气污染的威胁是真实存在的，我们不能逃避与之斗争的责任。hand over“移交”；shrink from“逃避，躲避(令人不快或困难的事)”；pull over“靠路边停车”；arise from“由……引起”。由句意可知选B。‎ ‎4．It was Mr Zhang that helped us out of the trouble. Without his help, we ________ it so easily.‎ A．can't manage B．mustn't have managed C．couldn't have managed D．couldn't manage 解析：选C　句意：是张先生帮我们摆脱了困境。要是没有他的帮助，我们就不可能这么轻易完成。由without引导的含蓄条件虚拟语气，在此表示与过去事实相反，故选C。‎ ‎5．What's the chance of________ a general election this year?‎ A．there being B．there to be C．there be D．there going to be 解析：选A　句意：今年有换届选举的机会是吗？介词of后面接动名词，因为是there be 句型，there是逻辑主语，be 动词用动名词，选A项。‎ ‎6．Jane laughs loudly and laughs a lot, which enables us to know her coming before she ________.‎ A．turns up B．turns around C．turns back D．turns away 解析：选A　句意：简爱笑，而且声音很大，我们常常是未见其人已闻其声。turn up“出现，到来”；turn around“转身，回头”；turn back“掉头，返回”；turn away“转身离开”。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎7．(2018·苏北四市模拟) In China, the most ________ Spring Festival custom is making dumplings in the north while new year cakes in the south.‎ A．temporary B．punctual C．authentic D．stubborn 解析：选C　句意：在中国，最地道的过年习俗是北方人包饺子而南方人吃年糕。temporary“暂时的，临时的”；punctual“准时的，守时的”；authentic“真正的，真实的，可信的”；stubborn“顽固的，顽强的，难处理的”。由句意可知选C。‎ ‎8. (2018·江苏扬州高三质检)—Did you watch the final match of China Open yesterday? ‎ ‎—Sure. I ________ it so attentively that I forgot to cook supper.‎ A．watched B．had watched C．was watching D．was to watch 解析：选C　句意：“你看昨天中国公开赛的最后一场比赛吗？”“‎ 当然。我全神贯注地看着，忘了做晚饭。”根据“yesterday”可知发生在过去，根据“the final match of China Open”可知过去具体时间。在过去某个时间在做某事应使用过去进行时。故选C。‎ ‎9．Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ________ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.‎ A．sending B．to send C．having sent D．to have sent 解析：选A　此处用现在分词作伴随状语，表示与主句的谓语动词的动作是同时发生的。故选A项。‎ ‎10．(2018·南通、泰州、扬州、淮安模拟)The article in The Times gives us a real ________ into the causes of the present economic crisis.‎ A．enquiry B．admission C．insight D．division 解析：选C　句意：发表在《泰晤士报》上的那篇文章为我们透彻地分析了当前经济危机的原因。insight“洞悉，眼光”，符合句意。‎ ‎11．Who do the passengers on board think it is up to ________ a final decision about such a matter?‎ A．make B．making C．to make D．to be making 解析：选C　句意：乘客认为应该由谁对这样一个重大事件作出最终的决定呢？分析句子结构可知，空处是it is up to sb.to do sth.结构，意为“由某人来决定做某事”。空处不表示正在进行的动作，故选C。‎ ‎12．(2018·江苏常熟高三质检) All of us have the desire to visit the three main temples in Athens, especially ________ contains a gold and ivory statue of Athena. ‎ A．one B．one that C．the one D．the one that 解析：选D　句意：我们所有人都渴望参观雅典的三座主要庙宇，尤其是那座金子和象牙做的雅典娜雕像。the one代替the temple(那座庙宇)，用定冠词the表特指；the one后接关系代词that引导的定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语，不能省略。故选D。‎ ‎13．—In no case ________ you are a senior school student.‎ ‎—My teacher has told me thousand times. Anything fresh?‎ A．you should forget B．forget you C．should you forget D．shouldn't you forget 解析：选C　句意：“你决不应该忘记你是一名高三的学生。”“我的老师对我说过几千次了。有什么新鲜的吗？”in no case意为“决不”，是否定结构的短语，当其位于句首时，句子的主谓结构要倒装。‎ ‎14．—Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.‎ ‎—Lack of selfconfidence is his ________， I am afraid.‎ A．Achilles' heel B．child's play C．green fingers D．last straw 解析：选A　句意：“杰克仍然忍不住为他的面试感到担忧。”“恐怕缺乏自信心是他致命的弱点。”A项意为“致命的弱点”；B项意为“轻而易举的事情”；C项意为“园艺能手”；D项意为“导致失败的最后一击”。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎15．—It's a long time since I saw my sister.‎ ‎—________ her this weekend?‎ A．Why not visit B．Why not to visit C．Why not visiting D．Why don't visit 解析：选A　句意：“我很久没见我的姐姐了。”“为什么这个周末不去看看她呢？”Why not do ...？“为什么不……？”为常用句型。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 For thousands of years we humans have been using things from the Earth to support our lifestyles. Some of the activities have __1__ the air, land and water of our planet. The result is that the resources of the Earth are being __2__. We have now begun to realize that those activities that are destroying the resources of the Earth are not sustainable (可持续), that is, they cannot __3__. Those activities, __4__， that allow the resources to renew themselves are sustainable.‎ ‎__5__， for example, is sustainable if the land remains rich and if there is enough __6__ year after year. If the land is overused or the water is polluted, farming becomes __7__. Fishing is sustainable if oceans and rivers are not overfished. Forestry can ‎ continue if forests are used __8__ and new trees are allowed to grow. All of these industries also depend on transport to carry their products to the __9__ — and transport requires __10__. ‎ Many modern industries depend on resources which will __11__ one day. This is __12__ of some important types of energy. __13__ industries depend on motor transport, they need oil and petrol. These are nonrenewable (不可再生) resources. After some time petrol will be used up and no more will become __14__. __15__ types of energy will be necessary. ‎ Motor transport is vital for many of the things we do. Trucks and other vehicles __16__ supplies to shops. Consumers often need cars to go shopping at supermarkets. Many people have to drive cars, trucks for their __17__ or to get to work. Parents may need cars to take their children to __18__ or a childcare centre every day. Modern cities are designed for using motor vehicles and life in the country is also car __19__. When there is little petrol，life will be very __20__ for people unless our dependence on petrol can change.‎ 语篇解读：现代社会对不可再生能源相当依赖。如果某天能源消耗殆尽，我们的生活将陷入困境。‎ ‎1．A.affected　　　　　　　　　 B．improved C．supplied D．wasted 解析：选A　有些人类活动对空气、土地和水已经产生了“影响(affected)”。‎ ‎2．A.taken up B．used up C．made up D．broken up 解析：选B　人类活动的结果是地球资源正在被耗尽(used up)。‎ ‎3．A.remain B．stop C．live D．continue 解析：选D　句意：现在我们认识到破坏自然资源，造成这些自然资源不能持续，不可持久发展。由下文的“Forestry can continue”可知选D。‎ ‎4．A.however B．meanwhile C．therefore D．besides 解析：选A　句意：“然而(however)”，如果那些活动能让自然资源恢复的话，那就可以持续发展了。‎ ‎5．A.Fishing B．Farming C．Tourism D．Industry 解析：选B　句意：例如，如果让土地保持肥沃和有足够的“水(water)”，“农垦(farming)”就可持续下去。‎ ‎6．A.air B．water C．food D．money 解析：选B　参见上题解析。水与农垦最关联，且根据后一句中water可知选B项。‎ ‎7．A.necessary B．possible C．unnecessary D．impossible 解析：选D　句意：如果土地过度使用或者水被污染，农垦就“不可能(impossible)”行了。‎ ‎8．A.roughly B．carefully C．approximately D．completely 解析：选B　句意：如果树林砍伐“适度(carefully)”，让新的树木长起来，树林就会被保存下来。‎ ‎9．A.market B．house C．company D．factory 解析：选A　句意：所有这些行业均依赖交通，由交通工具把这些产品送往“市场(market)”，当然这些交通工具需要消耗“能量(energy)”。‎ ‎10．A.time B．money C．energy D．service 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎11．A.let out B．run out C．put out D．come out 解析：选B　由本段后面内容可知很多现代工业依赖不可再生能源总有一天会被用尽。run out意为“用尽，用完”。‎ ‎12．A.typical B．suitable C．true D．likely 解析：选C　句意：有些重要能源也是这样，是不可再生的。be true of意为 ‎“对……适用”。‎ ‎13．A.Although B．If C．Unless D．Once 解析：选B　句意：“如果(If)”工业都依靠汽车运输，它们需要石油和汽油。‎ ‎14．A.valid B．possible C．proper D．available 解析：选D　句意：一段时间后石油将会耗尽，不再有可利用的(available)了，需要找到“新的(new)”能源。‎ ‎15．A.Previous B．New C．Various D．Specific 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎16．A.load B．deliver C．offer D．post 解析：选B　句意：卡车和其他的机车给商店“递送(deliver)”供给品。‎ ‎17．A.dreams B．entertainment C．jobs D．luck 解析：选C　由对应部分“上班”可知是“找工作”。很多人需驾车找“工作(jobs)”或者上班。‎ ‎18．A.school B．hospital C．cinema D．workshop 解析：选A　由对应部分“送孩子上托儿所”可知是去“学校(school)”。‎ ‎19．A.available B．challenging C．potential D．dependent 解析：选D　句意：现在城市设计依赖机动车，现代农村也是这样，也“依赖(dependent)”机动车。‎ ‎20．A.convenient B．normal C．tough D．easy 解析：选C　句意：如果不改变对汽油的依赖，没了汽油，我们的生活将会是“艰难的(tough)”。‎ Ⅲ.任务型阅读 Feet of Clay In 604 BC, the second year of his reign, Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar had a dream which left his spirit no rest and robbed him of his sleep. So he ordered that wise men of Babylon be called to interpret the dream for him.‎ They answered the king, “O king, live forever, tell your servants your dream, and we will declare the interpretation. ” The king said, “The thing is gone out of my mind. Unless you tell me the dream, and the meaning of it, you shall be put to death. But if you tell the dream, and the meaning of it, you shall receive from me rewards, and gifts, and great honour.”‎ Unluckily no one could fulfill the task. Hearing this, the king was in great anger, and commanded all the wise men of Babylon be put to death.‎ When Arioch, to whom the king had given orders to destroy the wise men of Babylon, told the matter to the Prophet (先知) Daniel, he immediately went in to the king and begged for the time to resolve the question.‎ After some mysterious praying, Daniel went to Arioch and said, “Destroy not the wise men of Babylon, bring me in before the king, and I will tell the solution to the king.”‎ The king said to Daniel, “Can you really tell me the dream that I saw, and the interpretation of it？” Daniel replied, “The secret that the king desires to know, none of the wise men, or the philosophers, can declare to the king. But there is a God in heaven that reveals mysteries, and He wants you to know what is going to happen.” “To me also，” Daniel added, “this secret is revealed, so I can reveal your dream.”‎ Then Daniel began, “You, O king, saw a great statue: this statue, which was great and high, stood before you, and the look was terrible. The head of this statue was of fine gold, but the breast and the arms of silver, and the belly and the thighs of brass (黄铜). And the legs of iron, the feet part of iron and part of clay. Then suddenly you saw a stone was cut out of a mountain without hands, and it struck the statue upon the feet that were of iron and of clay, and broke them in pieces. Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold broken to pieces together, and they were carried away by the wind. There was no place found for them, but the stone that struck the statue became a great mountain and filled the whole earth.”‎ ‎“This is the dream. We will also tell the interpretation to you.” He continued, “You are a king of kings, and the God of heaven has given you a kingdom. But as ‎ you dreamt, the toes of the feet were part of iron, and part of clay, the kingdom shall be partly strong, and partly broken. That means you will not rule forever. The other parts of the statue represent other kings that will come after you. The big rock stands for the kingdom God will set up. It will destroy all other kingdoms and it will last forever！”‎ Then king Nebuchadnezzar fell on his face, and worshipped Daniel, and commanded that wise men of Babylon be pardoned from death. And the king made Daniel governor over all the provinces of Babylon, a much higher position than his former one.‎ Feet of Clay Story Outline The beginning The king had a dream which made his spirit in the state of (1) ________.‎ The conflict To explain the dream, wise men of Babylon asked for the content of it but the king disagreed. Unable to solve the problem, all the wise men were facing the death (2) ________.‎ The (3)______‎ ‎•(4) ________his hearing the matter, Daniel came to help. ‎ ‎•First he prayed to his (5)______， and then he got the solution.‎ The climax Daniel miraculously told and interpreted the king's dream：‎ ‎*He dreamt of a great statue made of hard metals falling into pieces.‎ ‎*The statue's halfironhalfclay feet, the (6) ________ parts of it, were the first to be destroyed by the stone from nowhere.‎ ‎*Interpretation of the dream: the Babylonian kingdom would break into small kingdoms, which would be (7) ________ by a longlasting one set by the God.‎ Story Outline The ending All the wise men were saved and Daniel was ‎ (8)________ to governor of all provinces as well.‎ Additional Elements The (9)______‎ In 604 BC, in the ancient kingdom of Babylon The original source The Bible One influence ‎“Feet of clay” becomes an (10)______ meaning a failing or weakness in a strong person's character.‎ 答案：1.restlessness　2.penalty/sentence　3.development ‎4．Upon/On　5.God/god　6.weakest　7.destroyed ‎8．promoted　9.setting/background　10.idiom 检测评价B卷 阅读理解 A Open Plans — Fixing the Great Mistake ‎6：00 pm, Center for Architecture, Tafel Hall 536 LaGuardia Place, Manhattan Advocating for livable streets and alternative transportation, Mark Gorton explores the history of transportation in New York City.‎ Admission: ＄10‎ For more information, please call 9173889080 or visit www. ftgm. eventbrite. com.‎ River to River Festival — Extraordinary Moves：‎ STREB Human Fountain ‎6：00 pm, 200 Vesey Street, Manhattan Human Fountain involves performers leaping from as high as 30 feet from a threestory, open honeycomb structure in order to create cascades (小瀑布) of airborne liquid muscle. The outcome is a mixture of slam dancing, amazing human flight, and wild action sport, which captures kids, adults and the general public's hearts, minds and bodies.‎ FREE For more information, please call 2129450505 or visit www. streb. org.‎ Scandinavia House — Nordic Summer Jam ‎6：30 pm, 58 Park Avenue, Manhattan Contemporary singer and songwriter Anders Holst's music shows roots in jazz, soul and European pop music.‎ Admission: ＄10‎ For more information, please call 2128479740 or visit www. scandinaviahouse. org.‎ Hot Festival — Tickets to Manhood ‎7：30 pm, Dixon Place, ‎161A Chrystie Street, Manhattan What makes a man today? How do boys grow into men? Through humorous, poignant (令人心酸的) stories a glimpse is offered into the events that turn boys into men. Performed by Douglas Allen, Maximiliano Balduzzi, Spencer Scott Barros, Gerard Joseph and James Scruggs.‎ Admission: ＄‎15 in advance; ＄18 at door.‎ For more information, please call 2122190736 or visit www. hotfestival. org.‎ 语篇解读：本文对即将在曼哈顿举办的四项活动进行了介绍和宣传。‎ ‎1．If Jesse wants to know more about an activity without admission charge, he can ________.‎ A．visit www. ftgm. eventbrite. com B．visit www. scandinaviahouse. org C．call 2122190736‎ D．call 2129450505‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二项活动中的FREE可知，该活动是免费的。其电话是2129450505，网址是www. streb. org。‎ ‎2．Two 18yearolds who have booked in advance to learn the events that turn boys into men should pay ________.‎ A．＄20　　　　　　　　 B．＄30‎ C．＄33 D．＄36‎ 解析：选B　数字计算题。最后一项活动中讲到了“the events that turn boys into men”。根据该部分中的“＄‎15 in advance”可知，若提前订票，两人的票价为30美元。‎ B ‎(2018·苏州质检)Tuesday's Amtrak derailment (脱轨) in Philadelphia, which ‎ claimed eight lives and injured more than 200 others has turned the country's attention to railroad safety. But for those commuters (每日往返上班者) questioning whether or not to board the next train, statistics may offer some reassurance.‎ According to the scientific journal Bandolier, the lifetime odds of dying on a passenger train in the US are about one in 1,871,241. So trains are still one of the safest modes of transport; in 2013, 891 US fatalities were linked to rail travel, while 32,700 people were killed in highway accidents.‎ ‎ “Train accidents are rare，” Dr. Zarembski, director of the railroad safety program, told The Huffington Post. “Accident rate in 2014 was 2.2 accidents per million train miles, this number has been declining steadily.” But if you are still concerned about safety — or if you're just curious about which part of the train is the safest place to sit science has an answer for that too.‎ The front car of a train is the most dangerous place in the event of a headon collision, while the last car is less safe if the train is rearended (追尾). In fact, trains are nine times more likely to derail than to hit another train or car headon or to get hit from behind, according to the Federal Railroad Administration. The administration found that there were about 13,200 derailments from 2005 to 2014, compared with about 1,450 collisions.‎ Studies suggest that broken rails or welds are the leading cause of derailment, and these problems more often cause derailments near the front of the train. Therefore, choosing a car located in the middle, or one or two back from the middle of the train may be the safest bet, Ross Capon, president of the National Association of Railroad Passengers, told CBS New York.‎ If you can't get a seat near the midpoint of a train, there's another potential safety factor you might want to consider — namely, which way your seat is facing. “I prefer rear facing so that in most cases you are pushed back into the seat in the event of an emergency braking application，” Zarembski said.‎ In general, aisle (过道) seats are safer than window seats, where a passenger is more likely to come in contact with broken glass or be thrown out of the train, Capon told CBS New York. Of course, in the very rare event of a catastrophic crash like Tuesday's, there's no guarantee that sitting in a certain place or facing a certain way means you'll escape being injured.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。尽管会发生事故，但相对于公路而言，铁路出行更加安全。出行时最好坐火车中间靠近过道的座位，这样安全性更高。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “fatalities” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?‎ A．Deaths. B．Rates.‎ C．Accidents. D．Carriages.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。本句对比铁路事故死亡的人数和公路交通事故死亡的人数。根据从句“while 32,700 people were killed in highway accidents”可知。‎ ‎4．In the first three paragraphs, the author is trying to ________.‎ A．describe objectively the serious consequences a derailment may bring about B．urge people to consider carefully whether to board a train in the future C．impress on people the poor management of American railway lines D．persuade people with statistics that it is still safer to travel by train 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段第二句以及第三段第一句可知。‎ ‎5．After reading the passage, we can infer that it might be the safest to sit ________.‎ A．front facing on a window seat in the front cars B．front facing on an aisle seat in the last few cars C．rear facing on an aisle seat in the middle cars D．rear facing on a window seat one car behind the middle 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段第二句和倒数第二段第二句中的“I prefer rear facing”以及最后一段第一句可知。‎ C Coffee lovers and green tea enthusiasts, unite! A new study out of Japan shows that people who drink both beverages every day have a lower risk of stroke than those who drink just one or the other (or neither). ‎ Researchers have been touting (宣称) the antioxidant (抗氧化剂) properties of green tea for years, and recent studies show that your daily coffee fix boosts more than just your energy levels. But putting the two drinks together — not in the same cup, of course — may help you reap the health benefits of both.‎ Researchers looked at the coffee and tea consumption habits of almost 82,369‎ ‎ Japanese adults over 13 years and found that people who had a cup of coffee every day were 20 percent less likely to have a stroke (compared to those who didn't drink coffee at all). But that's not to say that coffee is better for you than tea. In fact, the study noted that people who drank four or more cups of green tea a day were also about 20 percent less likely to have a stroke. Since the two drinks help prevent strokes in different ways, drinking both can lower your risk of stroke more than just drinking one or the other, the study authors explained.‎ ‎“This is the first largescale study to examine the combined effects of both green tea and coffee on stroke risks，” the study's lead author, Dr. Yoshihiro Kokubo of Japan's National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, said in a statement. “You may make a small but positive lifestyle change to help lower the risk of stroke by adding daily green tea to your diet.”‎ The study was published this week in the American Heart Association's journal, Stroke. The results took into account differences in participants' age, gender, smoking, alcohol, weight, diet, and exercise habits.‎ According to the National Stroke Association, a stroke occurs when a blood clot (血块) blocks an artery in the brain, or when a blood vessel breaks, causing an interruption of blood flow to the brain. Brain cells begin to die, damaging the brain and affecting the actions — usually speech, movement, and memory — controlled by the part of the brain where the stroke has occurred.‎ ‎“The regular action of drinking tea and coffee largely benefits cardiovascular (心血管的) health because it partly keeps blood clots from forming，” Kokubo explained.‎ Green tea can have an antiinflammatory effect on the body. It also contains compounds known as catechins, which can help regulate blood pressure and improve blood flow, Kokubo told National Public Radio. And coffee has more to it than just caffeine — it also contains quinides, compounds that can help control blood sugar, which cuts your risk of stroke by reducing your risk of Type 2 diabetes. The researchers wrote that the “combination of higher green tea and coffee consumptions contributed to the reduced risk of stroke as an interaction effect for each other，” The Daily Mail reported.‎ Given that tea and coffee are consumed regularly in many countries, the results of ‎ the study could apply to people around the world, the researchers wrote. Americans may already be drinking enough coffee and tea to get the benefits: A typical cup of coffee or tea in Japan is just 6 ounces, while a grand coffee at Starbucks is 16 ounces.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了喝茶和咖啡对人体健康的积极影响。‎ ‎6．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．If you like, you may mix green tea and coffee together and drink it.‎ B．Coffee is better than green tea in reducing the risk of having a stroke.‎ C．Green tea and coffee are probably the best treatment for stroke.‎ D．Drinking tea and coffee regularly can do good to cardiovascular health.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，选项D正确。‎ ‎7．Which of the following is the new finding of the recent research?‎ A．Tea and coffee function differently for people's health.‎ B．Americans drink more coffee and tea daily than Japanese.‎ C．Green tea contains antioxidant which is good for preventing strokes.‎ D．Coffee contains caffeine and catechins which can help control blood sugar.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句的内容可知，选项A正确。‎ ‎8．The underlined word “boosts” in the second paragraph probably means “________”．‎ A．keeps B．changes C．improves D．influences 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据常识和本句句意“每天喝几杯咖啡能使我们精力充沛”可知。boost“促进”。故选C项。‎ ‎9．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．Coffee and tea can help prevent a stroke.‎ B．Coffee and tea can reduce Type 2 diabetes.‎ C．Coffee and tea have a lot to do with a stroke.‎ D．Coffee and tea keep blood clots from forming.‎ 解析：选A　主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句的内容以及下文的阐述可知。选项A正确。‎ D ‎(2018·南通调研)When American soldiers return home from war with disabilities, they often suffer twice — first from their combat injuries, next from the humiliation (羞辱) of government dependency.‎ Wounded veterans (老兵) learn they have two basic choices: They can receive almost ＄‎3,000 a month in disability benefits along with medical care and access to other various welfare programs, or they can try to find a job. Especially in this economy, it's no wonder that many find that first option hard to turn down.‎ Mark Duggan, an economics professor at Stanford University, reports that enrollment in U．S. veterans' disability programs rose from 2.3 million in 2001 to 3.9 million in 2014. The percentage of veterans receiving benefits doubled, from 8.9% in 2001 to 18% in 2014, Disability services for veterans now consume ＄59 billion.‎ In the 1980s and 1990s, male veterans were more likely to be in the labor force than nonveterans. But since 2000, that has changed dramatically. Now there is a 4% gap between veteran and nonveteran labor participation, with veteran participation lower.‎ Navy SEAL Eric Greitens, founder of The Mission Continues, explains how soldiers who served their country are transformed into welfare receivers who live off their country.‎ ‎“When veterans come home from war they are going through a tremendous change in identity, ” he says. “Then the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, and others, encourage them to view themselves as disabled.” By the time they come to Greitens' nonprofit organization, “We meet a number of veterans who see themselves as charity cases and are not sure anymore what they have to contribute.”‎ There are also more practical factors driving the disability boom. One is the expansion of qualification criteria. In 2000, for instance, type 2 diabetes was added as a disability because of evidence linking exposure to Agent Orange with the onset of the disease. Heart disease has also been added to the list.‎ Another possible factor is that younger veterans seem less against welfare than their parents' generation. Veterans who have served since the 1990s are much more likely to sign up for disability than their older counterparts; ‎1 in 4 younger veterans is on disability versus just ‎1 in 7 of those over age 54.‎ We shouldn't go back to the bad old days when veterans were afraid to admit ‎ weakness. But Lt. Gol. Daniel Gade is one of many veterans who think our disability system is harmful, psychologically, to former soldiers. Gade lost his leg in combat in 2005 and now teaches at West Point. He recently gave a talk to disabled veterans at Ft. Carson, in which he urged them to rejoin the workforce.‎ ‎“People who stay home because they are getting paid enough to get by on disability are worse off，” he warned. “They are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol. They are more likely to live alone.”‎ What a waste of human potential, especially since most veterans on disability still have their prime working years ahead of them when they're discharged.‎ We could solve this problem by changing the way we view — and label — veterans with disabilities. As Gade noted in a recent article, “Veterans should be viewed as resources, not as damaged goods.”He recommended that “efforts to help veterans should begin by recognizing their abilities rather than focusing only on their disabilities, and should serve the ultimate aim of moving wounded soldiers to real selfsufficiency.”‎ On a more practical note, the United States Department of Veterans Affairs could reallocate resources to spend more on job training and less on disability. Current placement programs are sadly inadequate.‎ We are good at sending soldiers off to war. Yet when these young men and women return home, they are essentially told, “We'll give you enough for a reasonably comfortable life, but we won't help you find a job.”‎ It is unreasonable that we are condemning thousands of young veterans who served their country to life on the dole (救济金) rather than enabling them to reenter the workforce with the necessary accommodations.‎ 语篇解读：现在越来越多的美国伤残退伍军人倾向于领取伤残救济金，而不愿到职场去找工作，而且，伤残认定标准也更为宽泛。‎ ‎10．What do more and more disabled veterans appear to do nowadays?‎ A．Depend on the government for a living.‎ B．Be treated badly in most workplaces.‎ C．Ask the government for more dole.‎ D．Spend more time on job hunting.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段，尤其是该段最后一句话，以及第三段的内容可知，越来越多的伤残退伍军人选择依靠政府生活。‎ ‎11．How does Mark Duggan prove his opinion in the passage?‎ A．By listing figures.‎ B．By giving examples.‎ C．By performing experiments.‎ D．By analyzing cause and effect.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中列出的众多数字可知应选A项。‎ ‎12．What did veterans use to do in the 1980s and 1990s?‎ A．Refuse to find jobs.‎ B．Be a main labor resource.‎ C．Have much trouble finding jobs.‎ D．Receive many disability benefits.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知答案。‎ ‎13．One of the factors why there are more disabled veterans is that ________.‎ A．damage from the war is greater than ever B．the scale of disabilities has been broadened C．veterans have suffered much more than ever D．older veterans aren't afraid to admit their disability 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第七段“There are also more practical ... been added to the list.”可知，伤残认定标准比以往更为宽泛是原因之一。‎ ‎14．In Gade's opinion, the veterans who receive welfare from the government tend to ________.‎ A．save more trouble for the government B．lead a miserable and unhappy life C．increasingly depend on the government D．suffer the humiliation of their combat injuries 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第十段的内容可知答案。‎ ‎15．What is the author's attitude toward current placement programs?‎ A．Reasonable.　　　　　 B．Positive.‎ C．Neutral. D．Critical.‎ 解析：选D　观点态度题。根据最后三段，尤其是倒数第三段最后一句“Current placement programs are sadly inadequate.”和最后一段中的“It is unreasonable that ...”可以看出作者对现行的政策是持批评的态度的。‎