2020届高考英语外研版大一轮复习课后达标检测：必修4Module4

2020届高考英语外研版大一轮复习课后达标检测：必修4Module4

‎(建议用时：30分钟)‎ 阅读理解 A ‎(2019·桂林、百色、崇左联考)By trying to tickle(使发痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.‎ It turns out that Aristotle was wrong. In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies. These signs of joy changed according to their moods. And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells. These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes a rat being tickled to lose control.‎ To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated(刺激) that area with electrical currents. The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.‎ ‎“It’s truly groundbreaking，” said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper.“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”‎ Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling. He was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure. Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals. But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing. And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said, “Let’s go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.‎ ‎“The authors have been very adventurous，” said Daniel O’Connor, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University. To him, that finding was very surprising.‎ ‎“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out？” he said.“This is the first step towards answering that question. It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor(严谨)．”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度。‎ ‎1．What contributed to humans’ being ticklish according to Aristotle?‎ A．Their special skin.‎ B．Their social pleasure.‎ C．Their nervous system.‎ D．Their willingness to touch.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“since Aristotle expected that humans, given their ‎ thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，所以正确答案为A。‎ ‎2．Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with?‎ A．The research process is full of risks.‎ B．The finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable.‎ C．The new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion.‎ D．The finding of the study actually contradicts modern science.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”可知，这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度，显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故答案为C。‎ ‎3．The underlined word “squeaked” in Paragraph 2 may be replaced by “ ”．‎ A．gave a smile B．made a noise C．burst into tears D．watched with staring eyes B　解析：词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies”可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.”可知，此处是“发出声音”的意思，故选B。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The Life of Rats B．How Rats Laugh C．A Wonderful Scientist D．A New Discovery about Rats D　解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故答案为D。‎ B ‎(2019·洛阳、许昌高三第一次质检)Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.‎ Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.‎ I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and ‎ above all the insects.‎ I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research.‎ But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self－discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self－discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。‎ ‎5．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?‎ A．Wildlife.　　　　　　　　 B．Music.‎ C．Languages. D．Literature.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。‎ ‎6．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly?‎ A．He didn’t live with them for long.‎ B．The family was extremely large.‎ C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.‎ D．He was too young when he lived with them.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。‎ ‎7．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?‎ A．Being knowledgeable.‎ B．Being self－disciplined.‎ C．Being full of ambition.‎ D．Being full of enthusiasm.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。‎ ‎8．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?‎ A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.‎ B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.‎ C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.‎ D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2019·成都第一次诊断性检测)When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a $500，000 “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didn’t buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. 1 ， she put the money in the bank and 2 writing poems.‎ In 2011, she finally 3 what to do with it. That year, Heather’s godson and his wife 4 their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled.“I saw how people’s 5 can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a 6 situation，” says Heather.‎ She 7 there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically(慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather 8 a nonprofit organization offering a sevenday vacation, with all 9 paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years.‎ Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation. When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a 10 vacation, she couldn’t 11 it; disbelief even 12 her concern about leaving her two kids.‎ Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the 13 things.“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，” says Tricia. She was afraid the 14 would return when the 15 was over, but to her surprise, it hasn’t been back since.‎ Heather says Tricia’s 16 resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year.“Before the vacation they are so 17 ，but the 18 is so amazing. They reflect and relax. It feels 19 like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another 20 ，” she adds.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十万美元奖金建立非营利组织，为照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员提供免费休假，让他们到新的环境中，从不一样的角度来看待他们的人生。‎ ‎1．A.However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Besides C　解析：根据空处前一句中的“she didn’t buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris”可知，在获得了五十万美元的奖金后，她并没有购买汽车或去旅游；结合该句中的“she put the money ‎ in the bank”可知，反而，她将这些钱存入银行。C项意为“而是，反而”，符合语境；however“然而”；therefore“因此”；besides“此外”。‎ ‎2．A.continued B．quitted C．practiced D．started A　解析：根据前一句中的“a poet”，结合该句中的“she put the money in the bank and writing poems”可知，她(这位诗人)获奖后，将奖金存进银行，继续(continued)写诗。quit“停止”；practice“实践，训练”。‎ ‎3．A.thought over B．wondered C．talked about D．decided D　解析：根据下文中的“Heather a nonprofit organization offering a sevenday vacation”可知，此处表示在2011年，她终于决定如何使用这笔钱。think over“仔细考虑”；wonder“想知道，好奇”；talk about“谈到，谈论”；decide“决定”符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.held B．welcomed C．lost D．saved B　解析：Heather的教子和他的妻子迎来了他们的第一个孩子，那是一个漂亮的女婴，但是有严重的残疾。hold意为“握着，举行”；lose意为“失去”；save意为“拯救，节约”；welcome“迎接”符合语境。‎ ‎5．A.feelings B．future C．lives D．routine C　解析：根据语境，并结合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾的女婴可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之间发生改变的。routine“惯例，常规”。‎ ‎6．A.different B．similar C．worse D．better B　解析：根据上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾女婴并且Heather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之间发生改变的可知，Heather开始关注那些有相似(similar)境遇的人。‎ ‎7．A.discovered B．claimed C．admitted D．felt A　解析：她发现有数百万照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员。claim“宣称；断言”；admit“承认”；discover“发现”。‎ ‎8．A.donated B．found C．visited D．formed D　解析：因此Heather在2012年建立了一个非营利组织，‎ 为那些成为护理员至少十年的人提供七天免费休假。form“建立，组成”符合语境。donate“捐赠”；find“发现”；visit“参观”。‎ ‎9．A.taxes B．salary C．expenses D．rent C　解析：参见上题解析。tax“税”；salary“薪水”；rent“租金”；expense“花费”符合语境。‎ ‎10．A.free B．caring C．short D．long A　解析：由前文可知，这个休假是对护理员免费的。free“免费的”。‎ ‎11．A.believe B．take C．refuse D．enjoy A　解析：根据空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她获得了一个免费休假这件事。A项意为“相信”，符合语境。‎ ‎12．A.woke B．defeated C．showed D．moved B　解析：根据下一段中的“Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy”可知，Tricia接受了免费休假这件事情，由此可知，她对免费休假的怀疑(和向往)打败(defeated)了对于留下孩子们的担忧。wake“醒来”；show“展示”；move“移动”。‎ ‎13．A.wonderful B．delicious C．peaceful D．simple D　解析：根据空后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，Tricia在度假时所做的事情都是很普通、很简单的(simple)事情。wonderful“精彩的，极棒的”；delicious“美味的”；peaceful“平静的，和平的”。‎ ‎14．A.heaviness B．pain C．sadness D．disbelief A　解析：她担心度假结束后，自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷，但出乎她意料的是后来的生活并没有回到从前。根据上文可知，Tricia是一个护理员，平时的工作都是照顾病人，生活少有放松的时候，故heaviness“沉闷”符合语境。pain“伤痛”；sadness“伤心，悲伤”；disbelief“怀疑，不信任”。‎ ‎15．A.entertainment B．dream C．vacation D．freedom C　解析：根据第四段第一句“Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation.”可知选C。‎ ‎16．A.comment B．story C．surprise D．fortune B　解析：上文讲述的是Tricia享受免费休假的故事，故B项story“故事”符合语境。‎ ‎17．A.worried B．confused C．unexpected D．stressed D　解析：根据上文提到的Tricia担心度假结束后自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷可知，D项“stressed”符合语境。‎ ‎18．A.award B．change C．scenery D．accommodation B　解析：根据上文可知，其他看护人员和Tricia一样，在度假前他们的生活较为沉闷；结合后一句“They reflect and relax.”可知，在度假之后，他们变得很放松。据此可知，这样的改变令人惊讶。change意为“改变”，符合语境，故B项正确。award“奖”；scenery“风景”；accommodation“住宿”。‎ ‎19．A.slightly B．interestingly C．magically D．mostly C　解析：这神奇地(magically)像是另外一个世界，并且给了他们一个从另一个角度(angle)看待他们的生活的机会。slightly“轻微地”；interestingly“有趣地”；mostly“大多地”；magically“魔法般地”符合语境。‎ ‎20．A.place B．situation C．height D．angle D　解析：参见上题解析。‎