【英语】2018届人教版必修5一轮复习：Unit5　Firstaid单元学案（18页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修5一轮复习：Unit5　Firstaid单元学案（18页）

Unit 5　First aid学案 一、单词—— 写 得 准 用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎1.temporary adj.　　　　　　　暂时的；临时的 ‎2.complex adj. 复杂的 ‎3.vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的 ‎4.pour vt.&vi. 倒；灌；注；涌 ‎5.ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节 ‎6.apply vt. 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi. 申请；请求；使用；有效 ‎7.injury n．损伤；伤害→injure vt.损伤；伤害；使受伤→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 ‎8.poison n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的 ‎9.variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→various adj.各种各样的→vary v．改变；使多样化 ‎10.mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地 ‎11.tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地 ‎12.firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly adv.坚固地；稳定地 ‎13.bravery n．勇敢；勇气→brave adj ‎1.He said mildly (mild) to me that he didn't mean to upset me. ‎ ‎2.The burning plastic gave off poisonous (poison) gas, which is harmful to our health.‎ ‎3.I firmly (firm) believe that the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.‎ ‎4.The people in the flooded area fought bravely against the natural disaster. Their bravery deserved to be praised.(brave)‎ ‎5.We like to live a life full of variety and men's tastes are various.(vary)‎ ‎6.People had to treat themselves in their own way before they received the treatment sent by the government.(treat)‎ ‎7.Tom got badly injured in the car accident. The injury to his leg was really serious.(injury)‎ ‎.勇敢的；有勇气的→bravely adv.勇敢地 ‎14.treat vt.&vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待→treatment n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇 ‎⇩ ‎1.“帮助”家族 ‎①aid n．&vt.　　　　　帮助；援助 ‎②favour n. 帮助；好意 ‎③assist vt. 帮助；协助 ‎④assistance n. 帮助；协助 ‎⑤support n．&vt. 支持；帮助 ‎⑥sponsor vt. 赞助 ‎2.“ure”后缀的高频名词小结 ‎①pressure　　　　压力 ‎②pleasure 乐事；快乐 ‎③exposure 暴露；揭发 ‎④failure 失败 ‎⑤mixture 混合物 ‎⑥signature 签名 ‎3.与“急救”有关的高频词汇集锦 ‎①injury n．　　　　损伤；伤害 ‎②bleed vi.&vt. 流血 ‎③poison n．&vt. 毒药；使中毒 ‎④apply vt. 涂；敷 ‎⑤treat vt.&vi. 治疗 二、短语—— 写 得 准 用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.first_aid　　　　　(对伤患者的)急救 ‎2.fall_ill 生病 ‎3.make_a_difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 ‎4.squeeze_out 榨出；挤出 ‎5.over_and_over_again 反复；多次 ‎6.in_place 在适当的位置；适当 ‎7.prevent_...from_... 阻止……‎ ‎1.Arriving in London, she suddenly fell_ill because she couldn't bear the changeable weather. ‎ ‎2.The professor always urges us that everything should be put in_place before we leave the lab.‎ ‎3.I'm sure that our hard work can make_a_difference and everything will be OK.‎ ‎4.I've told you over_and_over_again not to ‎8.put_one's_hands_on 找到 ‎9.take_off 起飞；走红；请假；(事业)腾飞 ‎10.act_as_ 担任 ‎ do that but you won't listen.‎ ‎5.My writing career took_off_when I discovered my own style.‎ ‎6.Hannah was busy with work then but she still tried her best to squeeze_out some time from her tight schedule to visit her mother.‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“make a＋n.”短语荟萃 ‎①make a difference　　区别对待；有影响 ‎③make a point 阐述观点 ‎②make a mistake　　　弄错 ‎④make a promise 许诺 ‎2.“v.＋as”短语回顾 ‎①act as　　　担任 ‎②work as 以……身份工作 ‎③function as 起……作用 三、句式—— 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.‎ 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。‎ 状语从句的省略。‎ 在课堂上记笔记时，你最好尽可能多地理解。‎ In class, you'd better understand as much as possible while_(you're)_taking_notes.‎ ‎2.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.‎ 约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。‎ be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时……”。‎ 我们正在讨论问题，这时有人敲门。‎ We were_discussing_the_problem_when someone knocked at the door.‎ ‎3.There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.‎ 毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技巧，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。‎ There's no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”。‎ 毫无疑问，掌握这项技能非常重要。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that it is very important to master the skill.‎ 语境认识词汇 There is no doubt that it is vital to know some knowledge of first aid as danger lies everywhere and accidents happen from time to time. For example， we can get cut by a variety of things. When your hand bleeds， treat it in time. If the cut is not serious， press it firmly and soon it will stop bleeding. If the cut is deep， first tie a bandage around it and then ask a doctor to apply some medicine to it.‎ ‎1．vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的 be vital for/to sth.　　　　　　　　 对……极为重要 It is vital that ...(should) do sth. ……是十分重要的 It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 ‎①Enough sleep is vital for/to the students' wellbeing and health.‎ 充足的睡眠对学生的身心健康是非常重要的。‎ ‎②If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that we_(should)_begin (begin) with small things.(2014·湖北高考短文写作)‎ 如果我们要想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。‎ ‎2．aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助 ‎(1)give sb. first aid　　　　 对某人进行急救 with the aid of 在……的帮助下 come/go to one's aid/help 帮助某人 ‎(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面帮助某人 aid sb.with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人 aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎①I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.‎ 我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。‎ ‎②The moment he saw the poor little boy on TV, he determined to aid_him_in_continuing his study.‎ 在电视上一看到这个可怜的小男孩，他就决定要帮助他完成学业。‎ ‎3．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待 ‎(1)treat sb. as ...　　　　 把某人当……看待 treat sth. seriously 认真对待某事/物 treat sb./oneself to 用……款待某人/自己 ‎(2)It's my treat. 我请客。‎ ‎①Drink driving should be_treated_as a crime whether the driver causes a crash or not.‎ 酒后驾驶应该被以犯罪对待，不管司机是否发生碰撞。‎ ‎②The origin of value is a problem that should not be neglected but treated_seriously. ‎ 价值来源是一个需要严肃对待和不容忽视的问题。 ‎ ‎③I'll treat you to lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.‎ 我将请你在我们学校前面的餐馆吃午饭。‎ ‎4．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效 ‎(1)apply ... to ...　　　　　　 把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上 apply to ... 适应……；适用于……‎ apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请……‎ apply oneself to 集中精力于 ‎(2)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请；申请书；适用 ‎①I'm Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3. I'm writing to_apply_for the position as a student volunteer.(2015·陕西高考书面表达)‎ 我是李华，三年级二班的一名学生，我写信申请学生志愿者的职位。‎ ‎②You must be aware that this rule cannot be_applied_to every case.‎ 你必须明白这项规则不是所有情况都适用。‎ ‎③You will pass your exams only if you really apply yourself (you) to your study.‎ 你只有专心学习，考试才能及格。‎ 语境认识词汇One day， Tom was driving his car to his company when he saw a girl injured in a traffic accident. To make things worse， the girl was bleeding. Jumping out of the car， Tom gave her first aid and then put her in place and waited for the ambulance. As a result， his knowledge of first aid made a great difference to the girl.‎ ‎5．in place在适当的位置；适当 ‎ ‎(1)out of place　　　　　　　 不在适当位置；不合适 in place of 代替；取代 in the first place 首先；第一点 ‎(2)take place 发生 take one's place 就座；代替 take the place of 代替；取代 ‎①Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in_place.(2013·陕西高考书面表达)‎ 首先，我把散落在屋子里的所有书、报纸和其他东西收拾起来，并把它们放在适当的位置。‎ ‎②In_the_first_place,_with my experience in teaching for more than ten years, I'm qualified for the job.‎ 首先，凭借十多年的教学经验，我能胜任这项工作。‎ ‎③The manager will be away on business and I'll take his place (＝take_the_place_of_him) during his absence.‎ 经理将要出差，他不在时我将代替他。‎ ‎6．make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 ‎(1)make a difference to　 对……有作用/有影响 make some/no/little difference (to ...)‎ ‎ (对……)有些/没作用或影响 ‎(2)tell the difference (between ... and ...)‎ ‎ 辨别/区分(……与……)‎ ‎①Only when we match our words with actions can we make_a_difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.(2013·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 只有我们言行一致才能对所要做的事情有所贡献。‎ ‎②It makes_no_difference_to me whether he comes here or not.‎ 他来不来这里对我来说关系不大。‎ ‎③The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell_the_difference between them.‎ 这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨出来。‎ ‎7．be doing ...when ...‎ John was_studying in his room when he heard screaming.‎ 约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。‎ be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时突然……”，when 为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and at this/that time。‎ ‎①Last Monday, I was_walking (walk) in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. ‎ 上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。‎ be about to do ...when ... 正要做……这时(突然)……‎ be on the point of doing ...when ...‎ ‎ 正要做……这时(突然)……‎ had just done ...when ... 刚做完……这时(突然)……‎ ‎②I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.(2014·福建高考书面表达)‎ ‎→I was_on_the_point_of_giving_up_when my best friend encouraged me to go on.‎ 我正要放弃这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。‎ ‎③I_had_just_finished my exam paper when the bell rang.‎ 我刚做完试卷，下课铃就响了。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is vital that these application forms (should)_be_sent (send) back as early as possible.‎ ‎2．The new technology, if applied (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.‎ ‎3．With the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully.‎ ‎4．Men and women must be_treated (treat) equally in education and employment.‎ ‎5．We were_watching (watch) TV when there was a power failure.‎ ‎6．You'd better put things back in place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.‎ ‎7．There's no denying that the attack did a severe injury (injure) to his reputation.‎ ‎8．These men made themselves famous for their courage and bravery (brave)．‎ ‎9．There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.‎ ‎10．When he got up from the ground, he found his knee bleeding (bleed)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Under the aid of our English teacher, we have made great progress this term.Under→With ‎2．Whether he could get support from his parents made great difference to the plan.made后加a ‎3．It is clearly stated that these regulations apply for everyone in the community, without exception.for→to ‎4．Little Tom, who got burned while he was setting off fireworks, is treated in hospital now.is后加being ‎5．It's vital that a successful movie pays much attention to its theme and the figures' characters.pays→pay ‎6．There is no doubt whether global warming is a security threat to us all.whether→that Ⅲ.根据提示词或结构补全句子 ‎1．(2015·江苏高考书面表达)更糟糕的是，一些司机、骑车人、步行者认为遵守交通规则不重要。(vital)‎ What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think_it_vital_to_obey_traffic_rules.‎ ‎2．(2015·重庆高考写作)得知您正在组织一项在全世界范围内分享图书的活动，我写信想申请它因为我热爱读书，同时我拥有大量图书。(apply)‎ Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am_writing_to_apply_for_it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books. ‎ ‎3．她希望被当作一个普通的女孩子来对待。 (treat)‎ She wishes to_be_treated_as_nothing more than a common girl.‎ ‎4．(2014·湖北高考短文写作)我去书店的路上，在一个十字路口等绿灯，这时一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆驶过的车撞倒了。(be doing ... when ...)‎ I was on my way to the bookstore and was_waiting_for_the_green_light_at_a_crossing_when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car.‎ ‎5．(2014·湖北高考短文写作)一个人立刻冲向那位姑娘给予急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入这一行列。(aid)‎ A man immediately rushed to the girl_to_give_her_first_aid and I joined in without hesitation.‎ Ⅳ.一句多译/句型转换 ‎1．(2014·福建高考书面表达)重要的是我们应从失败中吸取教训。正如谚语所说，“失败乃成功之母”。‎ ‎①What's_vital_is_that_we should learn something from failure. Just as the saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.”(主语从句)‎ ‎②It's_vital_that_we_should_learn_something from failure. Just as the saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.”(it作形式主语)‎ ‎2．If he was treated in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.‎ ‎①If_treated_in_a_proper_way,_he was likely to be saved.(改为省略句)‎ ‎②Treated_in_a_proper_way,_he was likely to be saved.(用过去分词作状语改写)‎ ‎3．I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.(用if从句改写)‎ ‎→I_want_you_to_keep_working_if_I_don't_tell_you_to_stop.‎ ‎4．If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it. ‎ ‎(用现在分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎→Applying_yourself_to_the_job_in_hand,_you'll_soon_finish_it.‎ ‎[课下练熟高考]‎ 阅读理解·组块专练——练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2016·烟台3月诊断)Donating blood is a simple thing to do, but it can make a big difference in the lives of others. The donation process from the time you arrive until the time you leave takes about an hour. The donation itself is only about 8－10 minutes on average. The steps in the process are：‎ Step 1: Registration ‎1．Our staff and volunteers will sign you in and go over basic eligibility (资格) and donation information.‎ ‎2．You will read information about donating blood, and will be asked to show a donor card, driver's license, or other form(s) of ID.‎ Step 2: Health History & MiniPhysical ‎1．You will answer some questions during a private and confidential interview about your health history and places you have traveled.‎ ‎2．We will check your temperature, pulse, blood pressure and hemoglobin (血红蛋白) level present in a sample of blood.‎ Step 3: The Donation ‎1．We will clean an area on your arm and insert a brand new clean needle for the blood draw. This feels like a quick pain and is over in seconds.‎ ‎2．The actual donation takes about 8－10 minutes, during which you will be seated comfortably. Certain donation types, such as platelets (血小板) or red cells can take up to 2 hours.‎ ‎3．When approximately a pint of blood has been collected, the donation is complete and a ‎ staff person will place a bandage on your arm.‎ Step 4: Refreshments ‎1．After donating, you should have a snack and something to drink in the refreshments area. You can leave the site after 10－15 minutes and continue with your normal daily activities.‎ ‎2．Enjoy the feeling of accomplishment knowing that you have helped save lives.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍献血的四个步骤：登记、询问和检查健康情况、献血及献血之后的恢复。‎ ‎1. Which of the following can be a proper title for the passage?‎ A．The process of blood donation B．The benefits of blood donation C．The importance of blood donation D．The preparations for blood donation 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文中心句为第一段最后一句“The steps in the process are：”；且由下文四个步骤可知，本文主要介绍献血的四个步骤。故选A。‎ ‎2．During the Registration, a blood donor will be asked to ________.‎ A．go over his basic donation information B．show something to prove his identity C．answer some questions about his health history D．have his temperature and blood pressure checked 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Step 1: Registration部分第二点可知，在登记的时候，献血者会被要求出示相关证件来证明自己的身份。故选B。‎ ‎3．What is the right order of the events in Step 3?‎ a．clean an area on the donor's arm b．let the donor sit comfortably c．place a bandage on the donor's arm d．draw the blood e．insert a needle A．a, b, d, e, c　　　 B．b, a, c, e, d C．c, b, a, e, d D．b, a, e, d, c 解析：选D　事件排序题。根据Step 3: The Donation部分的内容可知，献血的顺序为：让献血者坐下→清洁献血者胳膊上某个地方→插入干净的针头→进行抽血→抽血之后用绷带包扎献血者的胳膊。故选D。‎ B Whether it's to help their dogs or themselves, about half of all Americans surveyed in a recent poll (民意测验) say they exercise regularly. According to the poll, most people walk for exercise a few times a week. About a third say they walk every day.‎ But are they kidding themselves to think a walk is really helping them? Should we all be running or jogging if we want to count that activity as good for us? Dr. Tim Church, who studies the effects of physical activity at Louisiana State University's Pennington Biomedical Research Center, made a study about that.‎ Church headed a study with 464 postmenopausal (绝经后的) women who, for six months, came into the lab to walk a treadmill (跑步机) while researchers watched.‎ The first group walked for 73 minutes a week, the second 136 minutes a week and the third 190 minutes weekly. These women were walking slowly, and could easily carry on a conversation.‎ ‎“Surprisingly, the group that was only walking for 73 minutes a week slowly benefited a lot，” Church says. They say they've gotten more physically active from walking. They haven't necessarily lost weight, but their pants fit differently. It's because they have less belly fat, he says, which is a very good thing. This document from the American Heart Association lists dozens of studies showing similar benefits from walking.‎ And in Church's study, participants gained more than physical benefits. They also gained benefits like less anxiety and fewer symptoms of depression. They also discovered something many of us long for: more energy.‎ ‎“It wasn't a doseresponse (剂量效应) — as in, ‘the more exercise you did, the more your energy increased，’”Church says. “Actually, all three exercise groups increased their levels of energy the same.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章通过研究证明散步有益健康，并且运动量和强度与受益程度不成正比。‎ ‎4．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．If people should walk the dog.‎ B．The effect of running or jogging.‎ C．If people need to exercise hard to benefit.‎ D．The importance of doing exercise regularly.‎ 解析：选C　代词指代题。由第二段开头的“But are they kidding themselves ... as good for us？”及下文的研究可推断，画线词指代人们是否必须做高强度的运动才能受益。‎ ‎5．The three groups in Church's study ________.‎ A．were of different ages B．were required to walk slowly C．were in different physical condition D．were required to do different exercises 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第四段末的“These women were walking slowly, and could easily carry on a conversation.”可知。‎ ‎6．At the end of Church's study, women in the first group ________.‎ A．lost weight　　　　　 B．lost belly fat C．benefited little D．benefited the most 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第五段中的“... their pants fit differently. It's because they have less belly fat ...”可知。‎ ‎7．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?‎ A．Walking may make people feel anxious.‎ B．People should do as much exercise as possible.‎ C．Walking benefits people physically and mentally.‎ D．People should do exercise when they feel energetic.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由最后两段可知，研究的参与者通过步行不仅减掉了腹部脂肪，而且精神更健康，精力更充沛。故C项正确。‎ C Recently, my teenage son gave me a great insight into my writing career. He plays the online multiplayer game Minecraft, in which players build vast structures while battling the occasional zombie at night.‎ ‎“How do you win the game？” I asked him.‎ He rolled his eyes, the way only teens can.‎ ‎“There is no winning the game, mom，” he said. “It's about the experience. It's all about the journey.”‎ Well said, Evan. I so often forget this truth.‎ In writing, there is no arriving. There's always the drive to write a better article, blog post, poem, or novel, next time. There is no “done”．‎ What sights do you want to see on your journey? Where do you want to be sure to go? These are the questions I'm asking myself as I consider my plans for next year.‎ If we've written well, what we leave behind will be part of our legacy, hopefully helping others long after we're gone. I find that thought comforting.‎ You could make your way to new signatures in magazines, or even to new places on the map. I have a friend who was flown to Denmark to meet with Lego because they liked his writing. I recently read about a woman whose writing got her a position in Singapore from CocaCola.‎ So here's a writing journey for all of us that's full of breathtaking sights, unexpected turns, wonderful friends, and opportunities to grow and improve our craft.‎ As we enter the new year, I'm going to try to remember my writingcareer focus — the places I want to be sure to visit on my way. Most of all, I'm going to work on letting go of my ‎ feelings of “falling behind” or not being “there” yet, and try to enjoy every moment of my wonderful writer's life.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了写作重要的不是结果，而是过程，我们应享受写作过程中的每一刻。‎ ‎8．What got the author thinking about her writing career?‎ A．Her son's playing games online.‎ B．Her son's words.‎ C．Her experience of a journey.‎ D．Her son's winning the game.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第四段两句可推知，作者儿子的话使她重新思考自己的写作生涯。故答案选B。‎ ‎9．The author mentioned Lego and CocaCola to show that ________.‎ A．writings should appeal to companies B．there are great writers in wellknown companies C．writers should go to new places on the map D．great writers can make a difference 解析：选D　推理判断题。第一个例子是指，作者的朋友飞到丹麦去见乐高公司的员工，因为他们喜欢他的作品；第二个例子是指，一位妇女的写作作品使得她在新加坡的可口可乐公司获得了一席之地；由此并结合倒数第二段可推知，作者提到Lego和CocaCola旨在说明伟大的作家能够产生重要影响。故答案选D。‎ ‎10．What is the author's most important plan for next year?‎ A．To treasure every moment in the course of writing.‎ B．To remember her writingcareer focus.‎ C．To visit some places to promote her writing.‎ D．Not to fall behind others.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者明年最重要的计划是珍惜和享受写作过程中的每一刻。故答案选A。‎ ‎11．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．My Smart Son B．My Writing Career C．The Writing Journey Matters D．My Son Teaches Me Much 解析：选C　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，儿子的话使作者领悟到写作过程才是最重要的，并且她打算今后要珍惜写作过程中的每一刻。C项“写作过程很重要”概括了文章大意，适合做标题。故答案选C。‎ Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's emails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.‎ ‎“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”‎ Researchers analyzing wordofmouth communication — emails, Web posts and reviews, facetoface conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative (消极的), but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most emailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.‎ Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative ‎ feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused (激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在晚间广播或者早报上，不好的新闻有卖点，流血的新闻占头条。但是研究表明，在电子邮件或者网络新闻中，人们更喜欢有积极意义或者有趣的新闻。‎ ‎12．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?‎ A．News reports.　　　　 B．Research papers.‎ C．Private emails. D．Daily conversations.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。从第一段中的“Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.”可知，这样的情况出现在新闻报道中。‎ ‎13．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?‎ A．They're socially inactive.‎ B．They're good at telling stories.‎ C．They're inconsiderate of others.‎ D．They're careful with their words.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，与朋友分享故事时你更加注意他们的反应，不想让他们觉得你是Debbie Downer那样的人。因此Debbie Downer是不考虑他人感受的人。‎ ‎14．Which tended to be the most emailed according to Dr. Berger's research?‎ A．Sports news. B．Science articles.‎ C．Personal accounts. D．Financial reviews.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“... was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles.”可知，科学类文章是读者转发推荐最多的。‎ ‎15．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B．Online News Attracts More People C．Reading Habits Change with the Times D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 解析：选D　标题归纳题。全文讲述了好消息在社交网络媒体中传播得更快更深远的现实，这打破了传统媒体中坏消息传播得又快又广的惯例，正面的新闻更容易被分享。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2017·石家庄高三第一次模拟考试)‎ How to Avoid an Internet Addiction While it may seem like everyone surfs the web these days, there is a fine line between casually checking your social media pages and having a fullblown Internet addiction. If you fear that you may lose interest in other aspects of your life because you prefer to be on the Internet, you may be on your way to an Internet addiction. __1__‎ Admit you are at risk of an addiction.‎ More and more people in the world are becoming addicted to the Internet. You are not the only one with this problem, and it is becoming more and more common and more and more wellknown. __2__‎ Set aside limited time for computer use.‎ Make sure not to turn it on too many times a week. If you have a laptop, make sure to put it somewhere that you can remember but not somewhere that you see every day. Try keeping the lid closed when you are not using it. __3__ If you have a desktop PC, try not to go near it or put something over it like a sheet.‎ Call people instead of sending instant messages or texts.‎ If you are free on weekends, call friends and ask them to go outside. This will distract you from the computer. __4__‎ Use an alarm clock or timer. ‎ Before using your computer, decide on a time limit such as 30 minutes. Set the clock or timer ‎ and make sure that you get off the computer when the time is up. Alternatively create a shutdown timer on your desktop. __5__‎ A．Make a small list of what you want to do within that time.‎ B．When the computer is not looking at you, you are less likely to use it.‎ C．This can be programmed to shut down your computer after the set time.‎ D．Luckily, there are ways to avoid living your life in front of the computer.‎ E．This will stop you from using the Internet so often or going on to another page.‎ F．If you have a problem on weekdays, phone your friends or ask for help in person.‎ G．Do not be embarrassed; find others with the same problem and help each other beat it.‎ 语篇解读：网瘾会给人们的生活带来很大的影响，本文就如何避免网瘾提出了建议。‎ ‎1．选D　上文谈到网瘾会导致你对生活的其他方面失去兴趣，下文的几条建议则是有关如何避免网瘾的，D项对全文起着承上启下的作用。‎ ‎2．选G　本段的主旨是“Admit you are at risk of an addiction”，再结合本段讲述的“越来越多的人有网瘾，这是一个普遍现象”可知，选G项“不要觉得不好意思，找到和你一样有网瘾的人，互相帮助去战胜网瘾”。‎ ‎3．选B　根据空前的“Try keeping the lid closed when you are not using it.”可知，作者建议你不用电脑时，把它合上，故选B项“看不到电脑时，你用它的可能性就小”。‎ ‎4．选F　本段的主题是“给朋友打电话而不是在网上发信息”，上文的“call friends and ask them to go outside”与F项中的“phone your friends or ask for help in person”，还有上文的“on weekends”与F项中的“on weekdays”前后呼应。‎ ‎5．选C　本段的主题是“Use an alarm clock or timer”，作者建议使用闹钟或定时器来限制上网的时间，空前的“shutdown timer”与C项中的“shut down your computer after the set time”相对应。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The lemon looks dry to me, but you may be able to squeeze (挤) out a few drops.‎ ‎2．The soldier was faced with the dilemma (困境) of whether or not to return to his country.‎ ‎3．Catharine discussed the idea with some of her colleagues (同事)．‎ ‎4．People working for big organizations like the police and the postal service all wear uniforms (制服)．‎ ‎5．Expanding (扩大) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.‎ ‎6．The number of people suffering from heart disease will be greatly reduced (减少) if they are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.‎ ‎7．Stepping into the gate of the school always reminds (提醒) me of the responsibility I carry as a student.‎ ‎8．We were busy decorating (装饰) the house for Christmas last week.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Don't eat the food that has gone bad, or you will_fall (fall) ill.‎ ‎2._As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.‎ ‎3．Don't take anything away. Mother likes everything to be in place.‎ ‎4．I waited patiently hoping that someone would come to my assistance (assist)．‎ ‎5．Inspired_(inspire) by the speech, the little girl made up her mind to work even harder.‎ ‎6．I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have_taken(take) place in the school over the past three years.‎ ‎7．No one could exactly_(exact) tell what was going to happen.‎ ‎8．There is no doubt_that children there are badly in need of care and help. ‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．The doctor advised her to eat more bean products in the place of meat which might be harmful to her heart.去掉place前的the ‎2．Under no condition will the Chinese allow Taiwan to break away China.away后加from ‎3．The children were playing football on the playground while it began to rain.while→when ‎4．They have earned lots of money, so I firm believe that the business is a success.firm→firmly ‎5．The speech delivering by the headmaster at the meeting yesterday left a deep impression on his students.delivering→delivered ‎6．I intended to catch the early train, but I didn't get up in time.intended前加had ‎7．Have you ever dreamed of there is such a good chance for further education abroad？is→being ‎8．Researchers in this field have made some important new discovery in the past few years.discovery→discoveries Ⅳ.选词填空 ‎1．I knew I wanted to_make_a_difference in the world somehow，but I had no idea how to do that.‎ ‎2．Peter will take_up the management of the finance department.‎ ‎3．In addition, the climate here is_similar_to that in the USA, so there is no need for you to worry about it.‎ ‎4．You may depend_on it that Tom will help you with your English.‎ ‎5．You should get_rid_of the bad habits that might damage your health.‎ ‎6．We drove to the airport the next morning to pick_up Susan.‎ ‎7．Usually it's very hard to get_along_with_the man who has a bad temper.‎ ‎8．Tommy likes all his classes, but he likes chemistry class_in_particular.‎ Ⅴ.补全句子 ‎1．他想去巴黎，但我更喜欢去伦敦，那就是我们的分歧所在。‎ He wants to go to Paris, but I want to go to London; that's where_we_differ. ‎ ‎2．我从山东大学毕业后就从事教学工作。‎ I have_taken_up_teaching_since I graduated from Shandong University. ‎ ‎3．从某种角度而言，成为学习机器不再有用了。生活的内容不只是卷子上的分数。‎ At some point, being a study machine is no longer effective. Life is about more_than_a_score on a paper.‎ ‎4．那场大火持续了近一周，没有剩下什么值钱的东西。‎ The fire lasted nearly a week, leaving_nothing_valuable.‎ ‎5．毫无疑问近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country. ‎ Ⅵ.根据提示翻译句子 ‎1．在这样的情形下，牢记我们所学习的东西是至关重要的。(vital)‎ In_such_situations,_it_is_vital_to_understand_what_we_have_learned._‎ ‎2．我再也不到那家快餐店吃东西了，我对那里的服务不满意。(部分倒装)‎ Never_again_will_I_eat_in_the_fast_food_restaurant,_whose_service_I_am_not_satisfied_with._‎ ‎3．我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不是同意全部内容。(部分否定)‎ I_agree_with_most_of_what_you_said,_but_I_don't_agree_with_everything.‎ ‎4．我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。(the first time)‎ I_was_very_nervous_the_first_time_I_gave_a_speech_in_the_meeting_hall._‎ ‎5．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在空闲时间，我将继续进行有规律的锻炼，比如游泳、跑步和各种球类运动。(be to do)‎ In_my_free_time,_I_am_to_continue_to_take_regular_exercise,_such_as_swimming,_running_and_various_ball_games. ‎