- 2021-04-27 发布 |
- 37.5 KB |
- 8页
申明敬告: 本站不保证该用户上传的文档完整性,不预览、不比对内容而直接下载产生的反悔问题本站不予受理。
文档介绍
英语高中专题高考英语大一轮复习语法专题讲析专题二 冠词
专题二 冠词 考点一 不定冠词 ①[2016·浙江]The prize for the winner of the competition is a two-week holiday in Paris. 这次比赛获胜者的奖项是巴黎两周游。 ②[2015·重庆]I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask. 我刚听说Dora工作的那家银行遭到了一名戴面具的持枪人的抢劫。 ③[2017·安徽六校高三检测]—Excuse me,is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood?There is a parcel for him. —Sorry,but there is no such person here. ——劳驾,这个居民区住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗?这里有他的包裹。 ——对不起,这儿没有这么一个人。 考点总结 不定冠词a/an的用法 1.单数可数名词前用不定冠词a/an表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。 2.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。 3.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间;用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。 4.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。 5.表示单位时间内的频度,含有“每”的概念。 考点二 定冠词 ①[2015·陕西]The more learned a man is,the more modest he usually becomes. 一个人学识越渊博,他通常就会越谦逊。 ②—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday? —Yes,as you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere. ——你昨天玩得开心吗? ——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。 ③[2017·山东临沂一中检测]I don't know who invented the iPhone,but I think it is a useful invention. 我不知道是谁发明了iPhone,但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。 考点总结 定冠词the的用法 1.用在名词前表示特指。 2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。 3.用在序数词和最高级前。 4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。 5.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour,by the dozen等,但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词,如by weight,by height等。 6.用于表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。如:in the 1980s。 7.用于表示方位、西洋乐器等名词前。 8.用于固定搭配中。 考点三 零冠词 ①He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. 他下班回家,会问他的孩子们是否刷了牙。 ②A year can be divided into four seasons—spring,summer,autumn and winter. 一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。 ③Clever boy as he is,he can't solve such a difficult problem. 尽管他是个聪明的孩子,但无法解决这么难的问题。 ④Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there's no such thing as a free lunch. 想一下那条最著名的经济规则:天下没有免费的午餐。 ⑤It's generally acknowledged that music can bring people pleasure. 普遍认为音乐能给人们带来乐趣。 零冠词的用法 1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。 2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。 3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。 4.as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置于句首,名词前不用冠词。 5.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。 6.高考中常见的纯不可数名词,不能与不定冠词连用。这些词有baggage,luggage,furniture,health,weather,fun,space(太空),advice,word(=news),progress,information,luck,wealth(财产)等。 考点总结 ◆冠词与语法填空 冠词是位于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词,它不能离开名词而单独存在。语法填空中,重点考查冠词的基本用法。另外冠词活用及习惯搭配是考查难点。 [典题试做1] 在空白处填入适当的冠词 1.[2016·全国Ⅰ]The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,________other is with mum—she never suspects. 2.[2016·全国Ⅱ]Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for________while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy. 3.[2015·全国Ⅱ]The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers. 4.[2015·广东]He owned ________ farm,which looked almost abandoned. 答案:1.the 2.a 3.the 4.a [应对策略1] 在名词或“形容词+名词”前缺少限定词时,要考虑冠词。不定冠词a/an表示泛指,可译作“一个/本/座/……”等;定冠词the表示特指,相当于“ 这,这些,那,那些”。另外要注意:特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中知道的人或事物用the;在序数词、最高级、独一无二的事物名词之前用the。 ◆冠词与短文改错 在短文改错中对于冠词的考查常涉及漏掉冠词、冠词错用与冠词多余这三种情况。 [典题试做2] 单句改错(每小题1处错误) 1.[2016·全国Ⅰ]My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.________ 2.[2016·全国Ⅱ]But in that case,we will learn little about world.________ 3.[2016·全国Ⅲ]At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.________ 4.[2016·四川]I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.________ 答案:1.the→a 2.world前加the 3.去掉the 4.kitchen前加the [应对策略2] 判断冠词的方法: (1)根据泛指和特指。若泛指“一个”,再根据单词的第一个音素来判定用a还是an;若特指,用the。 (2)根据固定搭配。注意固定搭配中不能多用或少用冠词。 ◆书面表达中冠词易错点聚焦 由于受到汉语的干扰,疏漏冠词是我们中国学生在写作中的常见错误类型之一。存在误区有以下几种: 1.对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误。 (误)The Christmas evening party was success. (正)The Christmas evening party was a_success. 2.冠词在一些固定结构中的误用。 (误)Mrs. Taylor has an eight-year-old daughter who has the gift for painting—she has won two national prizes. (正)Mrs.Taylor has an eight-year-old daughter who has a gift for painting—she has won two national prizes. (误)Our teacher is kind to us and he often has words with us. (正)Our teacher is kind to us and he often has a_word with us. 3.冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点。 (误)In many places in China,a bicycle is still the popular means of transportation. (正)In many places in China,the bicycle is still the popular means of transportation. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.[2017·江西红色七校一联]As he approached the bridge,the sound got louder and then he saw________pitiful sight. 2.[2017·山东下学期综合测试Ⅱ]Recently when he took________look at his collection of books,he discovered the old book borrowed 61 years ago. 3.[2017·山东烟台3月诊断]But a parent of another child came up with________even better idea—getting the whole class to learn sign language along with Zejd. 4.[2017·安徽芜湖、马鞍山一检]Most seriously,relying on smartphones to make friends does not give us________same advantage as making new friends in the real world. 5.[2017·江西师大附中、鹰潭一中4月联考]For your generation to live in________better world,there is so much more our generation can do. 答案:1.a 解析:句意:他快到那座桥时,声音变得更大了。然后他看到了一片凄惨的景象。设空处后的名词sight作“景象,情景”讲时,为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故与不定冠词连用。 2.a 解析:句意:最近,当他查看他的藏书时,他发现了那本61年前借的旧书。“take a look(at...)”为固定短语,意为“看一看”。 3.an 解析:句意:但是,另外一位孩子的家长想出了一个甚至更好的主意——让全班的学生和Zejd一起学习手语。设空处后的idea为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故设空处用不定冠词;设空处后even以元音音素开头,故答案为an。 4.the 解析: 句意:最严重的是,依赖智能手机交友并不能给我们带来与在现实世界交友同样的益处。the same...as...意为“与/和……一样的……”。 5.a 解析:句意:为了让你们这一代生活在更好的世界里,我们这一代有很多事情可以做:“a+比较级+名词”意为“更……的……”。 Ⅱ.单句改错 1.[2017·福建南平3月质检]Twice a day,someone is scheduled to take him out for walk.________ 2.[2017·河北邯郸一模]In the Spring Festival,my family and I went to Beijing and had different holiday.________ 3.[2017·湖北黄冈3月质检]I was walking to school this morning when I caught a sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.________ 4.[2017·福建十三中高三期中]How are you?Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you.________ 5.[2017·四川成都外国语学校月考]I told him I could not go to the college because I did not want to study anymore.________ 答案:1.walk前加a 2.different前加a 3.去掉sight前的a 4.去掉a 5.去掉the Ⅲ.语法填空 A(冠词专练) When I walked down 1.________Third Avenue,as 2.________rule,I used to look into the windows of 3.________old shop that sold old and beautiful things.Since I often took my walk after the closing time,I cupped my hands against 4.________windows to get 5.________small look at the treasures inside. Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for 6.________long time,but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface.I even thought they were 7.________most beautiful that I had ever seen.That was how I felt about old people,too.I knew their value,and it hurt me when others missed it.I was raised by my grandmother and given 8.________deep sense of the value of experience.Taught to behave well,my sister and I respected other people,regardless of their age or color.My grandmother was loved by all 9.________people around her.She was known to be 10.________wise and kind woman,who was able to do things well even in her last years. Old people should be treated as fine gold.They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽) by age,but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities. 答案:1.the 2.a 3.an 4.the 5.a 6.a 7.the 8.a 9.the 10.a B [2017·江西南昌二中高三三考] As an exchange student,Wei Hua studied in a British high school for one year.She was happy 1.________the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3:30 p.m. On the first day,all the new students 2.________(attend) an assembly in the school hall. Wei Hua sat next to a girl 3.________ name was Diana.During the assembly,the headmaster told the students that the best way to earn respect was to devote themselves 4.________study and achieve high 5.________(grade).As there were different students in some classes,6.________was a struggle for Wei Hua to remember all the faces and names.Although the homework was not as heavy as 7.________she used to get in her old school,it was a bit 8.________(challenge) for her at first because all the homework was in English.Luckily,all her teachers gave her much 9.________(encourage).To improve her English,Wei Hua used English every day and spent an hour each day 10.________(read) English books in the library. In a word,studying in Britain was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for Wei Hua. 答案:1.with 解析:be happy with为固定短语,意为“对……很满意”。 2.attended 解析:分析句子结构可知,句中缺少谓语,由on the first day可知需要用一般过去时。 3.whose 解析:whose引导了一个定语从句,修饰先行词a girl并在定语从句中作定语。 4.to 解析:devote oneself to为固定搭配,意为“投身于,致力于”。 5.grades 解析:grade为可数名词,其名词复数为grades。 6.it 解析:本题考查句型It is+n.+for sb. to do sth.,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式短语。 7.what 解析:分析空格后面的句子成分可知,此处为从句,需要用连接词。结合上下文句意可知用what引导并在句中作及物动词get的宾语。 8.challenging 解析:a bit修饰形容词,故此处用challenging意为“具有挑战性的”。 9.encouragement 解析:much修饰不可数名词,encourage的名词为encouragement。 10.reading 解析:spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”,为固定搭配。查看更多