【英语】2021届新高考英语大一轮复习能力提升北师大版：必修5Unit14　Careers作业

【英语】2021届新高考英语大一轮复习能力提升北师大版：必修5Unit14　Careers作业

Unit 14　Careers 能力提升题组训练(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读(2019高三双语报29期)‎ The search engine Google celebrated on Thursdays what would have been the 110th birthday of the first Native American woman engineer.Google honored Mary Ross with a special Google Doodle on its homepage.‎ Ross was born on August 9,1908,in the state of Oklahoma.Ross showed special ability in math and science from an early age.As a student,she developed an interest in aviation,or the practice of flying aircraft,and had many questions in her mind about it.She went on to earn a master’s degree in mathematics from the University of Northern Colorado.‎ During World War Ⅱ,Ross began working for the Lockheed Corporation as a mathematician.There,she was urged to complete work in aeronautical engineering.She earned a special certification in the field and was later chosen to join Lockheed’s top-secret Skunk Works that worked on aircraft designs.The name was referred to a group that was permitted to work independently on advanced projects.There,Ross was the only female engineer among the team’s 40 members.‎ Early on,she researched defense systems.By the late 1950s,her work centered on satellites and a series of space rockets.The rockets were ‎ extremely important in the 1960s during the Apollo moon program.Ross also helped with early design ideas for space travel between planets,including flyby space flights to study Venus and Mars.Her work is considered crucial to the early stages of space travel.‎ Ross retired from Lockheed in 1973.But she continued to give talks at high schools and colleges to encourage more women and Native Americans to study engineering.Mary Ross died in 2008,a few months before her 100th birthday.‎ On August 9,2018,many people celebrated Ross’ life on social media.The National Science Foundation wrote on Twitter Thursday,“Engineers like Mary Ross are an inspiration to women everywhere.Women and minorities should continue to face challenges and break through barriers in engineering.”‎ ‎1.What do we know about Ross as a young student?‎ A.She helped with space travel ideas. B.She was clever and easy-going.‎ C.She was talented and curious. D.She started school quite early.‎ ‎2.What did Ross probably do in 1959?‎ A.She worked as a mathematician. B.She devoted herself to space vehicles.‎ C.She researched defense systems. D.She worked on advanced projects herself.‎ ‎3.According to the National Science Foundation,women today 　　　. ‎ A.should learn from Mary Ross B.face strong social pressure C.need to keep fighting for rights D.should find their proper model ‎4.What’s the structure of the passage?‎ A.①—②③—④⑤—⑥ B.①②—③④⑤—⑥‎ C.①②—③④—⑤—⑥ D.①—②③④⑤—⑥‎ 语篇解读:本文是说明文。文章以谷歌纪念美国女工程师玛丽罗斯110年诞辰为引,介绍了这位女工程师的一生。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.C　推理判断题。根据第二段的Ross showed special ability in math and science...she developed an interest in aviation...可知,罗斯在学生时代就很有天赋,对航空很感兴趣,所以她是一个有天赋和充满好奇心的学生。‎ ‎2.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的By the late 1950s,her work centered on satellites and a series of space rockets可知,50年代末期,罗斯的工作集中在卫星和一系列太空火箭上。说明这个时间她在研制太空运载工具。‎ ‎3.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的The National Science Foundation在Twitter上发表的文字可以推断,当今的女性应该向罗斯学习,在战胜种种障碍的前提下致力于工程研究。‎ ‎4.D　篇章结构题。本文在第一段提出要介绍的人物Mary Ross, 第二、三、四、五段中作者重点介绍了罗斯的一生,最后一段回归现在,讲述了人们对她所做贡献的评价。‎ Ⅱ.七选五(2019河南八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”)‎ You’ve been charging your smartphone wrong.‎ The best way to charge your phone is a little at a time,whenever you have a chance.Just plug it in whenever you can,even if it’s for a few minutes.“Partial charges cause no harm,” according to Battery University.‎ ‎1.　　　 Battery University says that so-called deep discharges,which happen when you use your phone until only a small portion of its battery life is left,wear down batteries.Try to keep your battery’s charge level between 65% and 75%.According to Battery University,the lithium-ion(钮离子)batteries inside your smartphones will have the longest lifespan if they’re kept between 65% and 75% charged at all times.2.　　　 However,at least you know what’s ideal! ‎ ‎3.　　　 That’s probably a lot more realistic for most people on a day-to-day basis.But you do have some wiggle room(活动空间).If you typically keep your phone’s charge level between 25% and 75%,you likely won’t cause too much long-term damage. ‎ Never fully charge your battery — and particularly not from a low charge level.‎ Charging your phone’s battery from a low 25% charge to 100% will reduce its capacity and shorten its lifespan.4.　　　 According to Battery University,lithium-ion batteries do not need to be fully charged,nor is it desirable to do so.In fact,it is better not to fully charge,because a high ‎ voltage stresses the battery and wears it out in the long run. ‎ ‎★Don’t charge your phone overnight.‎ I’ve seen a lot of debate about the effects of charging your smartphone overnight.But if charging to 100% causes the most damage,you should probably cut it out.5.　　 ‎ A.Never charge your phone for too much time.‎ B.Therefore,unplug your phone once it reaches 100%.‎ C.The best way to charge your phone is to maintain those levels.‎ D.The second best charge range for batteries is between 45% and 75%.‎ E.Don’t fully discharge your phone before plugging it in.‎ F.In fact,charging from pretty much any amount to 100% is a bad idea.‎ G.It’s clearly impractical to always keep your phone charge between those levels.‎ 答案:1-5 EGDFB Ⅲ.完形填空 George Springer helped his team Houston Astros win the World Series in 2017.He was awarded the Most Valuable Player,　1　 his struggle is mostly hidden.His difficulty is not in trying to hit a fastball,but in 　2　 it.He stutters(口吃). ‎ Growing up in Connecticut,Springer was the kid who would never raise his hand in school,the kid 　3　 every time he opened his mouth. ‎ ‎“I was the guy who didn’t talk,” he said.“I would 　4　 speaking at all costs.” ‎ He was often 　5　.Sometimes he was bullied(欺侮).The phone was suffering to him.Restaurants were worse.If he wanted a dish that he knew would be tough to say,he would 　6　.If he was with his family,his sister Nicole would 　7　 for him. ‎ He remembers a couple of attempts at speech therapy(语言治疗),but he said he was blessed with encouraging parents,an ability to 　8　 himself in sports,and a small group of friends who 　9　. ‎ ‎“If therapy works for you,　10　.But for me,I also developed my own 　11　 to handle it,”he said.“Besides,when I was around all my friends,it didn’t really seem to 　12　 them.If I did it,they would 　13　 until I was done,then finish the conversation.” ‎ To help other kids 　14　 the same issue,Springer frequently appeared in interviews and even agreed to wear a microphone on field during the 2017 All-Star Game.He then added “I can’t let anything in life I can’t 　15　 slow me down or stop me from being who I want to be.”These 22 words proved it. ‎ ‎1.A.so B.yet C.and D.since ‎2.A.talking about B.dealing with C.thinking about D.playing with ‎3.A.in delight B.in fear C.in relief D.in trouble ‎4.A.forbid B.prefer C.regret D.avoid ‎5.A.deserted B.scared C.teased D.attacked ‎6.A.gesture B.weep C.signal D.beg ‎7.A.take B.pay C.order D.cook ‎8.A.refresh B.relax C.enjoy D.express ‎9.A.cared B.forgave C.understood D.approved ‎10.A.interesting B.great C.unique D.strange ‎11.A.ways B.interest C.habits D.taste ‎12.A.amaze B.hurt C.aid D.bother ‎13.A.laugh B.press C.wait D.panic ‎14.A.raising B.facing C.confusing D.settling ‎15.A.grasp B.possess C.control D.defend 语篇解读:本文是一篇人物故事。文章介绍了George Springer是美国著名的棒球运动员,他从小口吃,然而在父母的鼓励之下,他成为美国最著名的棒球运动员之一。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.B　so所以;yet然而;and和;since自从。根据上下文可知,这里表示转折。句意:然而,他的努力大多数是被隐藏的。故选B。‎ ‎2.A　talking about谈论;dealing with处理;thinking about思考;playing with和……一起玩。根据He stutters(口吃)和下文的内容可知,他的困难是跟别人交谈。故选A。‎ ‎3.B　in delight高兴地;in fear害怕;in relief欣慰;in trouble在困难中。根据上下文可知,此处意为:孩子每次开口就害怕。故选B。‎ ‎4.D　forbid禁止;prefer喜欢;regret遗憾;avoid避免。根据上下文可知,他避免说话。故选D。‎ ‎5.C　deserted遗弃;scared害怕;teased取笑;attacked攻击。根据后句Sometimes he was bullied(欺侮).可知,他经常被取笑。故选C。‎ ‎6.A　gesture手势;weep哭泣;signal信号;beg乞讨。根据前句If he wanted a dish that he knew would be tough to say可推知,他应该是用手势。故选A。‎ ‎7.C　take带走;pay付钱;order命令;订;cook做饭。根据前句If he was with his family可知,他的姐姐Nicole会为他点餐。故选C。‎ ‎8.D　refresh提醒;relax放松;enjoy喜欢;express表达。George Springer 从小口吃,尝试了许多语言疗法,由此可知,他能够在运动中表达自己。故选D。‎ ‎9.C　cared关心;forgave原谅;understood理解;approved同意。根据上下文可知,他有一群理解自己的朋友。故选C。‎ ‎10.B　interesting有趣的;great伟大的;unique独特的;strange陌生的。根据后句But for me,I also developed my own 　11　 to handle it可以推测出答案。句意:如果治疗对你有效,太棒了。故选B。 ‎ ‎11.A　ways方法;interest兴趣;habits习惯;taste尝。句意:我也养成了我自己的方法对付它。故选A。‎ ‎12.D　amaze惊讶;hurt伤害;aid帮助;bother打扰。根据后句If I did ‎ it,they would 　13　 until I was done,then finish the conversation.可知,这里指打扰朋友。故选D。 ‎ ‎13.C　laugh笑;press压;wait等待;panic惊慌。根据后句then finish the conversation.可知朋友在等他。故选C。‎ ‎14.B　raising提高;facing面对;confusing困惑;settling解决。根据后句Springer frequently appeared in interviews and even agreed to wear a microphone on field during the 2017 All-Star Game.可知,Springer帮助其他的面临同样问题的孩子。故选B。‎ ‎15.C　grasp抓住;possess拥有;control控制;defend防御。根据上下文可知,这里指生活中不能控制的任何事。故选C。‎ 能力提升题组训练(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读 A Sweetest Day is celebrated on the third Saturday in October as a day to make someone happy.It is an occasion which offers all of us an opportunity to remember not only the sick,the aged,and children who have lost their parents,but also friends,workmates,relatives and neighbours whose helpfulness and kindness we have enjoyed.‎ Over 60 years ago,when a Cleveland man noticed that some people,such as children who lost their parents and patients who lay in bed,too often felt forgotten and neglected,he developed in his mind the idea of showing them that they were remembered.He did this by giving ‎ them small gifts.With the help of his friends and neighbours,he gave those people small gifts on a Saturday in October.During the years that followed,other Clevelanders began to take part in the celebration,which came to be called “Sweetest Day”.Over time,the Sweetest Day idea of spreading cheer to the poor,the sick and children who had lost their parents was broadened to include everyone,and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small gift.Soon the idea spread to other cities all over the USA.‎ Sweetest Day is not based on any single group’s religious beliefs or on a family relationship.It is a reminder that a thoughtful word or deed enriches life and gives it meaning.‎ Because for many people remembering takes the form of gift giving,Sweetest Day offers us the opportunity to show others that we care,in a positive way.‎ ‎1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?‎ A.Sweetest Day is a day to make others happy.‎ B.Sweetest Day is just an occasion to care about disabled people.‎ C.Sweetest Day is an occasion for lovers to express love.‎ D.Sweetest Day is celebrated on the third Sunday in October.‎ ‎2.Which of the following has little relationship with Sweetest Day?‎ A.Visiting sick people of the hospital. B.Visiting children who have lost their parents.‎ C.Giving friends small gifts. D.Giving flowers to sweethearts.‎ ‎3.What is Cleveland?‎ A.An island. B.A country.‎ C.A village in England. D.A city in America.‎ 语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国甜蜜日的由来及意义。在这一天,一份小小的礼物就能帮助我们传达对病人、老年人和失去父母的孩子的关爱以及对朋友、亲人等无私关爱的感激。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.A　细节理解题。由文章第一段第一句Sweetest Day is celebrated on the third Saturday in October as a day to make someone happy.可知A项正确。‎ ‎2.D　细节理解题。由第一段第二句和第二段倒数第二句可知,此节日没提到送情人鲜花,故选D项。‎ ‎3.D　推理判断题。文章第二段提到了a Cleveland man与other Clevelanders,在第二段最后又提到Soon the idea spread to other cities all over the USA.,由此可推知Cleveland是美国的一个城市。‎ B ‎(2019山东济南历城二中高三模拟)‎ I just got back from a trip to the Arctic North of Norway,and I am left feeling alarmed.I knew before I went that the Arctic was the centre of ‎ global warming,but seeing the changes firsthand is haunting.‎ There is one scene I will never forget.It came just a few days into the trip.I was on board with 100 politicians,scientists,businessmen,religious and labor leaders to see the impacts of global warming with our own eyes.‎ One afternoon,we had the unforgettable experience of watching polar bears play on the ice.We tend to think of the Arctic as an expanse of white,but it isn’t.The sea is dark.The pack ice comes in deep blues.Polar bears are yellowish.And all of these colors pop against a grey sky.‎ On one ice sheet,we saw two polar bears.Their furs covered with red from a just completed dinner.One was moving in and out of the water;the other was busy eating the seal.Off to the side,a smaller bear peaked over the ice with its black snout(鼻子),waiting for the big ones to get off the kill so it could go over to the remains.All three bears seemed powerful and vibrant.‎ But later,we sailed past an island where a polar bear sat on the shore,stranded(搁浅) because the sea ice had moved so far from shore.This bear will not eat until next winter—it simply cannot hunt without the ice.‎ I have read enough climate reports to know that with summer sea ice disappearing at alarming rates,the bear I saw stranded that day is one of many.Now I have a permanent (永久的) memory of what a ‎ hungry,stranded bear looks like.‎ ‎4.What does the underlined word “haunting” most probably mean?‎ A.Interesting. B.Exciting. C.Fascinating. D.Unforgettable.‎ ‎5.From the second paragraph we can infer that the people on the journey 　　　. ‎ A.were experts in global warming B.came from all walks of life C.had been to the Arctic before D.were mostly adventurers ‎6.What did the two bears they saw look like?‎ A.Their furs were red in colour. B.There was blood on their furs.‎ C.They were very hungry. D.They seemed black all over.‎ ‎7.What did the smaller bear wait to do?‎ A.To play with the bigger ones. B.To move into the water.‎ C.To get the seal onto the ice. D.To eat what was left of the seal.‎ 语篇解读:本文是记叙文。作者一行在挪威境内的北极,见证了全球变暖对北极的影响,作者所见到的情景令人难忘。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎4.D　词义猜测题。根据第二段的第一句“There is one scene I will never forget.”可知,该词的意思是“难忘的”,所以选D项。‎ ‎5.B　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“I was onboard with 100 politicians,scientists,businessmen,religious and labor leaders to see the impacts of global warming with our own eyes.”可知,船上的人有政治家、科学家、商人、宗教领袖和工会领袖等。由此可知B项为正确答案。‎ ‎6.B　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Their furs covered with red from a just completed dinner.”可知,这两只北极熊刚饱餐一顿,所以身上应该染的是海豹的血,所以选B项。‎ ‎7.D　细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句中“...waiting for the big ones to get off the kill so it could go over to the remains.”可知,小一点的北极熊等着吃两个大点的吃剩下的海豹,所以选D项。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空(2019山东聊城南湖行知高三上模拟)‎ Praise can change a person.It is true that 1.　　　　 (encourage) words can turn our lives around.Praise is really 2.　　　　(magic).Perhaps many of us have such experiences.Take myself 3.　　　　 an example.I was very naughty in the primary school.Most of the teachers and even my parents were 4.　　　　 (disappoint) in me.But it 5.　　　　 (happen) that I once got a very high mark in 6.　　　　 examination and the head teacher 7.　　　　(report) this to my parents.My parents praised me and told neighbors about it.I felt really happy 8.　　　　 became polite to others.Every time I heard others talk to me about my examination result,I thought to 9.　　　　 (I) that I would work even 10.　　　　(hard) and make greater progress.Just as Shakespeare said,“Our praises are our wages.” ‎ 语篇解读:本文是记叙文。作者上小学的时候非常调皮,父母和老师都对他很失望。后来父母的一次表扬激励了他。他努力学习,取得很大的进步。‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.encouraging　考查形容词。所填词作定语修饰名词words,故填形容词encouraging“令人鼓舞的”。‎ ‎2.magical　考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语,magic作形容词时一般只作定语修饰名词,基本不用来作表语,故用magical。‎ ‎3.as　考查固定搭配。take...as an example意为“以……为例”。‎ ‎4.disappointed　考查固定搭配。be disappointed in sb.意为 “对某人失望”,是固定搭配。‎ ‎5.happened　考查时态。根据语境及that从句中的语境可知,此处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎6.an　考查冠词。此处泛指“一次考试”,且examination以元音音素开头,故填an。‎ ‎7.reported　考查时态。and连接两个并列句,且时态需一致,故用一般过去时。‎ ‎8.and　考查连词。“felt really happy”与“became polite to others”是并列关系,故用and连接。‎ ‎9.myself　考查反身代词。think to oneself意为“暗自想”,是固定短语,故填I的反身代词myself。‎ ‎10.harder　考查副词的比较级。根据even与greater可知,此处应用hard的比较级,故填harder。‎