2019届一轮复习外研版选修八Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse单元学案（23页）

2019届一轮复习外研版选修八Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse单元学案（23页）

‎ 2019届一轮复习外研版选修八Module5The Conquest of the Universe单元学案 基础知识默写篇　‎ 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.　　　adj.共同的;联合的 ‎ ‎2.　　　v.目击;亲眼看见;亲身经历 ‎ ‎3.　　　n.行星　　　　　　　4.　　　n.十年 ‎ ‎5.　　　n.权威;权力 6.　　　v.指责 ‎ ‎7.　　　n.悲伤;悲痛 8.　　　adj.抽象的 ‎ ‎9.　　　n.宗教信仰 10.　　　adj.稳定的;安定的 ‎ ‎11.　　　n.影响;作用 12.　　　adv.故意地;蓄意地 ‎ ‎13.　　　v.承认;认为 ‎ 阅读词汇 ‎1.leap n.　　  2.accustomed adj.　　 ‎ ‎3.deed n.　　  4.destiny n.　　 ‎ ‎5.broad adj.　　  6.sympathy n.　　 ‎ ‎7.commitment n.　　  8.consistent adj.　　 ‎ ‎9.dignity n.　　  10.underway adj.　　 ‎ 拓展词汇 ‎1.　　　v.前进→　　　adj.高级的;先进的 ‎ ‎2.　　　v.依靠;相信→　　　adj.依赖的→　　　n.依赖;信赖→　　　adj.独立的;自主的→　　　n.独立;自主 ‎ ‎3.　　　adj.随意的;随机的→　　　adv.随意地;任意地 ‎ ‎4.　　　adv.向前;提前地→　　　adv.向后地;倒退地→　　　adv.向上→　　　adv.向下 ‎ ‎5.　　　adj.紧张的;拉紧的→　　　n.紧张关系;紧张 ‎ ‎6.　　　v.发誓;诅咒→　　　(过去式)→　　　(过去分词) ‎ ‎7.　　　n.& adj.(两个人或物中的)后一个;第二个;后者的→　　　adj.前者的 ‎ ‎8.　　　v.分开;划分为→　　　n.部分;部门 ‎ ‎9.　　　v.预知;预见→　　　(过去式)→　　　(过去分词) ‎ ‎10.　　　v.以为;认为;假定→　　　n.假定;假设 ‎ 二、高频短语 ‎1.　　　习惯于 ‎ ‎2.　　　意识到;知道 ‎ ‎3.　　　成功;及时赶到 ‎ ‎4.　　　实现梦想 ‎ ‎5.　　　accuse sb. of doing sth. ‎ ‎6.　　　be consistent with ‎ ‎7.　　　in panic ‎ ‎8.　　　in spite of ‎ 三、经典句型 ‎1.The world was in shock—maybe they assumed this space flight would be　　　(不比……危险)getting on an aeroplane. ‎ ‎2....　　　(他一点都不知道)what impact he was going to make. ‎ ‎3.　　　(尽管可能看起来不可思议),both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption... ‎ 基础知识运用篇　‎ 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇情景拼写(注意单词短语适当形式变化)‎ ‎1. 　　　(习惯)to climbing the steep mountain,he had no difficulty reaching the top. ‎ ‎2.It is widely　　　(认可)Yi Jianlian is one of the best basketball players in China at present. ‎ ‎3.He was　　　(指责) of cheating in the exam. ‎ ‎4.It is reported that the husband killed his wife　　　(故意地),which surprised his neighbors. ‎ ‎5.The past 30 years　　　(见证) the greatest changes taking place in China. ‎ ‎6.In the past three　　　(十年),a significant advance has been made in the modern agriculture. ‎ ‎7.The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market s　　　. ‎ ‎8.Close the door of fear behind you, and you will see the door of 　　　 (信念)open before you. ‎ ‎9.To some people, “spiritual health” is a very 　　　(抽象的) concept, containing many unexplainable elements. ‎ ‎10.In the last three years, you had shared my joys and s　　　, making my school life unforgettable. ‎ ‎(二)词形变化填空 (注意单词短语适当形式变化)‎ ‎1.The theory is based on a series of wrong　　　(assume),so it can’t be put into practice. ‎ ‎2.Because natural disasters occur at　　　(randomly),it is difficult to warn people in advance. ‎ ‎3.Unless children believe they can succeed,they will never become totally　　　(depend). ‎ ‎4.As many students will graduate from colleges,there is a　　　(tense) for unemployment to rise in the summer. ‎ ‎5.While the crisis was not a man-made disaster,it could have　　　(foresee) and prevented. ‎ ‎6.In spite of the　　　(advance) medical technology,many Americans have no access to health care. ‎ ‎7.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for 　　　 (意识不到) what’s happening around them. ‎ ‎8.Sarah 　　　(成功到达) to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. ‎ ‎9.The traveler phoned the police 　　　(惊慌地), crying that she’d lost her baby. ‎ ‎10.The boss was 　　　 (指责) having a prejudice against his female employees. ‎ 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.简直是个奇迹!在一周之内他们竟然完成了多达任务的40%。(no+比较级+than)‎ What a wonder! They’ve finished　　　40% of the task within one week. ‎ ‎2.Rose不太关心自己的安全,尽管她身处巨大的危险之中。(little位于句首引导部分倒装句)‎ ‎　　　about her own safety,though she was in great danger herself. ‎ ‎3.尽管他对报酬感到不满意,但是为了获得一些工作经验他还是接受了这份工作。(as引导让步状语从句)‎ ‎　　　with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience. ‎ 模块知识链接高考题型 ‎1 课文与语法填空 ‎ 阅读所学课文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July,1969,people have become 1. 　___　　(accustom)to the idea of space travel.There were several more journeys into space over the next few years but the single spaceships were 2. 　___ expensive that people were no longer enthusiastic about a space travel programme which was so costly.Things didn’t change until the 3. 　___ (arrive)of the space shuttle.The first shuttle flight into space was the Columbia,4. 　___ aim was to test the new shuttle system,to go safely up into orbit and to return to the Earth for a safe landing.5. 　___ the time the Challenger took off in 1986,the world seemed to 6. 　___ (lose)its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.This was going to be a very special space flight and so many people tuned in 7. 　___ (witness)the take-off on TV.Sadly the Challenger exploded a minute later,8. 　___ (kill)all the astronauts on board,including Christa McAuliffe,who was going to give two fifteen-minute lessons from space.It was 9. 　___ worst space accident ever.Maybe many people wrongly assumed this space flight would be no 10. 　___　　　(dangerous)than getting on an aeroplane.But in fact,the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space. ‎ ‎2 课文与短文改错 ‎　　根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ In 1898,an English writer H.G.Wells wrote that is the most important novel in the history of science fiction The War of the Worlds.It is a dramatically story about an invasion of the Earth by aliens from Mars.The subject fascinated science fiction writers and film-makers ever since.But when,in 1938,the American actor and director,Orson Welles set a radio drama of them in the real life New Jersey town of Grover’s Mill,little do he know what impact he was going to make.When people turned on their radios and heard of the broadcast,it was so realistic which they believed every word.Hundreds of people left their homes in panic,caused traffic jams all over the state and that the town became the centre of the universe.‎ ‎3 话题知识与写作 ‎　　根据下面的素材,用本模块所学词汇和句式结构完成句子。‎ ‎1.人们普遍认为互联网和智能手机对我们的现代生活方式产生了极大的影响。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2.获得我们想要的信息就如点击一下鼠标或触一下屏幕一样简单。‎ ‎ ___________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3.尽管它们在我们的生活中有用,它们却在阻止我们进行面对面的交流。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4.无论你走到哪里,你都会亲眼看到如此众多的沉迷于智能手机或平板电脑的人。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5.所有的人,不论是年老还是年少,都习惯了每天被太多信息包围的生活。‎ ‎ ___________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【联句成篇】把以上句子联成短文,要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案精解精析 ‎ ‎1 课文与语法填空 ‎1.accustomed　考查固定搭配:be/become accustomed to意为:习惯了……。‎ ‎2.so　考查固定句式:be so+adj.+that...如此……以至于……。‎ ‎3.arrival　根据语境和设空前的定冠词the可知此处要用其名词形式:arrival。‎ ‎4.whose　考查非限制性定语从句,根据句意可知要用关系代词whose。‎ ‎5.By　考查固定搭配:by the time到……的时候。‎ ‎6.have lost　表达过去动作对现在的影响,要用现在完成时。‎ ‎7.to witness　考查不定式作状语,表示目的。‎ ‎8.killing　考查v.-ing形式作状语,表示结果。‎ ‎9.the　根据设空后是形容词的最高级worst可知此处考查:the+形容词最高级。‎ ‎10.more dangerous　根据设空后的than可知此处应用形容词比较级形式。‎ ‎2 课文与短文改错 ‎1.第一句:an→the　此处考查定冠词the表示特指意思。‎ ‎2.第一句:that→what　考查宾语从句,该从句中缺少主语,所以要用what引导。‎ ‎3.第二句:dramatically→dramatic　此处应用形容词修饰名词。‎ ‎4.第三句:fascinated前加has　根据句子中的时间状语ever since可知此处应该用现在完成时。‎ ‎5.第四句:them→it　代词it指代前文出现的同类且同物的The War of the Worlds。‎ ‎6.第四句:do→did　本文动词时态均为一般过去时。‎ ‎7.第五句:去掉heard后面的of　此处表达:打开收音机人们听到了……,应该用hear,而hear of意为:知道;获悉。‎ ‎8.第五句:which→that　考查固定句式:so+adj.+that...如此……以至于……。‎ ‎9.第六句:caused→causing　考查v.-ing形式作状语,表示结果。‎ ‎10.第六句:去掉that　并列连词and连接两个并列分句,and后面的句子主语是the town,不能由that引导。‎ ‎3 话题知识与写作 ‎1.It is universally acknowledged that the Internet and smart phones have a great impact on our modern lifestyle.‎ ‎2.Getting the information we need is no more difficult than clicking the mouse or touching the screen.‎ ‎3.Useful as they are in our life,they are preventing us from communicating with each other face to face.‎ ‎4.Wherever you go,you witness so many people who are addicted to their smart phones or tablets.‎ ‎5.All the people,whether young or old,have got accustomed to the life with too much information every day.‎ One possible version:‎ It is universally acknowledged that the Internet and smart phones have a great impact on our modern lifestyle.Getting the information we need is no more difficult than clicking the mouse or touching the screen.Useful as they are in our life,they are preventing us from communicating with each other face to face.Wherever you go,you witness so many people who are addicted to their smart phones or tablets.All the people,whether young or old,have got accustomed to the life with too much information every day.‎ 单元知识能力测试 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎　　阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。‎ A One day when I was 12,my mother gave me an order:I was to walk to the public library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read.‎ In the library,I found my way into the“Children’s Room”.I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle,the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer,but one morning,he was gone,given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.‎ There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的)to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title,Amos,the Beagle with a Plan.Unknowingly,I had read the title.Without opening the book,I borrowed it from the library for the summer.‎ Under the shade of a bush,I started to read about Amos.I read very,very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly,I got the main idea of the story about a dog who,like mine,had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That ‎ dog was my dog,and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story,my mind continued the final scene of reunion,on and on,until my own lost dog and I were,in my mind,running together.‎ My mother’s call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something:I had read a book,and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.‎ I never told my mother about my“miraculous(奇迹般的)”experience that summer,but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later,she was proud that her son had read thousands of books,was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.‎ ‎1.The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to　　　. ‎ A.encourage him to do more walking B.let him spend a meaningful summer C.help cure him of his reading problem D.make him learn more about weapons ‎2.The book caught the author’s eye because　　　. ‎ A.it contained pretty pictures of animals B.it reminded him of his own dog C.he found its title easy to understand D.he liked children’s stories very much ‎3.Why could the author manage to read the book through?‎ A.He was forced by his mother to read it.‎ B.He identified with the story in the book.‎ C.The book told the story of his pet dog.‎ D.The happy ending of the story attracted him.‎ ‎4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A.The author has become a successful writer.‎ B.The author’s mother read the same book.‎ C.The author’s mother rewarded him with books.‎ D.The author has had happy summers ever since.‎ ‎5.Which one could be the best title of the passage?‎ ‎　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 ‎ A.The Charm of a Book B.Mum’s Strict Order C.Reunion with My Beagle D.My Passion for Reading B ‎(2017安徽马鞍山模拟,D)‎ The poaching, or the illegal killing, of rhinos (犀牛) in South Africa is growing worse each year. The government recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2014, a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before.‎ The World Wildlife Fund, or WWF, says about 20,000 rhinos live in South Africa. They make up more than 80 percent of the rhinos in the world. Edna Molewa, South Africa’s Environment Minister, says, “During 2014, we are sad to say that, 1,215 rhinos were killed. This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1,004 in 2013 and indeed very worrying.”‎ The animals are hunted for their horns. Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power, which drives poachers, at all costs, mad for more horns. But there is no scientific evidence for this belief. The horn is made of keratin. That is the same thing as human hair, fingernails and toenails.‎ Ms. Molewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year, an increase from the year before. But rhino protection workers say ‎ poachers often go unpunished after arrest. South Africa’s legal system is ineffective. Ms. Molewa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos. The efforts include moving some of the animals to secret places in neighboring countries. “Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboring states in the SADC region during 2014 and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year,” Molewa said.‎ Jo Shaw, the rhino program manager at the WWF, said, “We’re talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month, or more than three a day. We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally.” She says officials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them. Government officials are to meet in Botswana in March at the Inter-governmental Conference on Illegal Wildlife Trade.‎ ‎6.What do we know about rhinos?‎ A.Half of rhinos live in South Africa.‎ B.Less than 1,000 rhinos were killed in 2013. ‎ C.The killing reached the highest point in 2014. ‎ D.There are only 20,000 rhinos left in the world.‎ ‎7.What is the main reason for people to hunt rhinos?‎ ‎ A.To get more keratin. ‎ B.To protect the farmland.‎ ‎ C.To use them for decoration. ‎ D.To make money from horns.‎ ‎8.Jo Shaw thinks that 　　　.  ‎ ‎ A.many criminal groups are well-organized ‎ B.new laws are needed to punish the killers ‎ C.rhino protection needs international cooperation ‎ D.conferences about protecting rhinos are to be held every year ‎9.What can we infer from the text?‎ ‎ A.Rhino protection has a long way to go.‎ ‎ B.No one would like to buy horns in the future.‎ ‎ C.The illegal killing of rhinos will soon disappear.‎ ‎ D.Rhinos living in South Africa will move to other countries.‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎(2017山西实验中学3月联考)‎ It was the first time that I 　1　 (take) a trip to Shanghai with my family this summer holiday. ‎ ‎　　The views in Shanghai left a deep impression 　2　me. The soaring Oriental Pearl Tower, the bustling Nanjing Road, and the antique Chenghuang Temple are all features of a complex and diverse Shanghai. When night shut in, the city became 　3　 charming paradise. I remember standing on the deck of the yacht(快艇) as the fresh wind quietly embraced us. 　4　 (stand) against the rail, I saw sprays of the glittering Huangpu River fly along the side of 　5　 (we) yacht. The colorful lights on the banks were twinkling while the moonlight was dripping through the clouds. Shadows of the modern buildings were reflected on the water. 　6　 (passenger) on the deck were deeply absorbed in the beauty of the night. ‎ Not only the views, 　7　 also the residents, touched me. I once found my cell phone 　8　 (miss) during my stay in the city. After searching through every corner of my room and my pockets, I almost gave up hope. Unexpectedly, an hour 　9　 (late) my mother picked up a phone call from a policeman who 　10　(say) a taxi driver had returned the phone. The policeman then returned my phone very soon. ‎ ‎1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　 ‎ ‎‎ 答案精解精析 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。12岁时,作者的妈妈为了解决作者不能阅读的问题,要求作者那年夏天去图书馆至少借一本书。但就是这次图书馆之行改变了作者,之后作者读书越来越多,成绩越来越好,多年后取得了让妈妈感到骄傲的成就。‎ ‎1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,作者的妈妈让作者去图书馆至少借一本书,这是她解决作者阅读问题的武器,故C项正确。‎ ‎2.B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知,图书封面上的小猎兔狗吸引了作者,这让他想起了自己曾经养过的一只小猎兔狗,他们亲密无间,作者把自己的秘密与它分享,但后来这只小猎兔狗被送给了他人,作者一直挂念着它。‎ ‎3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知,作者读了这本书,因为他认为书中讲到的故事和自己的经历相似,他认为书中的小猎兔狗就是他自己养过的那只小猎兔狗,想象着和它重逢的场面。由此可判断出作者能把这本书看完,就是因为他和书中的故事产生了共鸣。‎ ‎4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“...was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.”可知,作者被授予文学博士学位,写了很多自己的书、文章、诗歌以及小说,故A项“他成为了一名成功的作家”正确。‎ ‎5.A　主旨大意题。通过作者的经历可以得知,一本封面上有小猎兔狗的书改变了他的一生,故A项“一本书的魅力”符合文章大意。‎ B ‎[语篇解读]　本文讲述了犀牛被猎杀的现状、原因及相关的应对策略。‎ ‎6.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句The government recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2014, a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before.可知,2014年被非法猎杀的犀牛的数量是有史以来最多的,故C项正确。‎ ‎7.D　细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知,人们猎杀犀牛的主要原因是为了得到犀牛角,故D项正确。‎ ‎8.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally.可知,Jo Shaw认为犀牛保护需要国际合作,故C项正确。‎ ‎9.A　推理判断题。根据第四段的第二、三句以及最后一段的内容可推知,保护犀牛还有很长的路要走,故A项正确。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎[语篇解读]　本文讲述了一个老外游览上海的所见所闻,既有美丽的风景也有助人为乐的出租车司机。‎ ‎1.had taken　考查动词时态。根据It was the first time that可知,此处考查特殊句式中的动词时态。根据规定如果是was的话,谓语动词就要用过去完成时。如果是is的话就要用现在完成时。所以答案为had taken。‎ ‎2.on　考查固定搭配。leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象。‎ ‎3.a　考查冠词用法。句意:当夜幕降临,上海就成了一个魅力天堂。考查不定冠词与可数名词单数连用,表示泛指意思。‎ ‎4.Standing　考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词作状语,设空处动作与主句的主语I之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式。‎ ‎5.our　考查代词用法。根据设空处后面的名词yacht可知要用形容词性物主代词our。‎ ‎6.Passengers　考查名词复数。设空处的可数名词passenger是句子的主语,谓语动词were是复数形式,所以答案为passengers。‎ ‎7.but　考查连词用法。句意:让我感动的不但是风景而且还有这里的居民。not only...but also...不但……而且……。‎ ‎8.missing　考查形容词。missing意为“找不到的;丢失的”,find my cell phone missing发现我的手机丢了。‎ ‎9.later　考查固定搭配。an hour later一个小时后。‎ ‎10.said　考查动词时态。设空处是who引导的定语从句的谓语动词,根据语境应该用一般过去时。‎ ‎‎ 答案精解精析 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.joint　2.witness　3.planet　4.decade　5.authority　6.accuse　7.sorrow 8.abstract　9.faith　10.stable　11.impact　12.deliberately　13.acknowledge 阅读词汇 ‎1.跳跃;飞跃　2.习惯的　3.行为　4.命运;天命　5.丰富的;广泛的　6.同情;同情心　7.忠诚;奉献　8.一致的;吻合的　9.尊贵;尊严　10.在进行中的 拓展词汇 ‎1.advance;advanced　2.depend;dependent;dependence;independent;independence　3.random;randomly　4.forwards;backwards;upwards;downwards　5.tense;tension　6.swear;swore;sworn　7.latter;former　8.divide;division　9.foresee;foresaw;foreseen　10.assume;assumption 二、高频短语 ‎1.be/become accustomed to　2.be aware of　3.make it　4.achieve one’s dream　5.指控/指责某人做某事　6.与……一致/吻合　7.惊慌地　8.尽管;不管 三、经典句型 ‎1.no more dangerous than　2.little did he know　3.Incredible as it may seem 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇情景拼写 ‎1.Accustomed　2.acknowledged　3.accused　4.deliberately　5.has witnessed　6.decades　7.stable　8.faith　9.abstract　10.sorrows ‎(二)词形变化填空 ‎ ‎1.assumptions　2.random　3.independent　4.tension　5.been foreseen 6.advanced　7.being unaware of　8.made it　9.in panic　10.accused of 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.no less than　2.Little did Rose care　3.Unsatisfied as he was