2019-2020学年新教材高中英语Unit5 On the road

2019-2020学年新教材高中英语Unit5 On the road

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing ‎ing形式作定语 动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。动词的ing形式保留着动词的若干特征，同时又具有形容词、副词、名词等特征，有时态和语态的变化形式。其时态和语态形式如下表所示。‎ 形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done ‎1.现在分词作定语 ‎(1)单个现在分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之前。表示现在分词的动作正在进行，分词和所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。‎ ‎(2)分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后。所修饰的名词是现在分词的逻辑主语，分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系。此时相当于一个定语从句。‎ ‎(3)作定语的及物动词的现在分词形式为doing和being done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being done；作定语的不及物动词的现在分词形式只有doing。‎ ‎◆He spoke in a low voice in order not to wake the sleeping child.‎ 为了不吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。‎ ‎◆Can you see the star moving in the sky?‎ 你能看见那颗在天上移动的星星吗？ ‎ ‎◆The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.‎ 正在电影院上映的那部电影很令人激动。‎ 现在分词作定语，要注意现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间。 一般说来，主要有下列两种情况：‎ ‎(1)表示正在进行的动作(变为定语从句时要用进行时态)。 ‎ ‎① Did you see the girl dancing with your brother.‎ ‎→Did you see the girl who is dancing with your brother.‎ ‎②The comrades working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.‎ ‎→The comrades who are working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.‎ - 13 -‎ ‎(2)表示经常性、习惯性动作或现在(当时)的状态(变为定语从句时多用一般现在时态或一般过去时态)。‎ ‎①We lived in a room facing the south.‎ ‎→We lived in a room which/that faced the south.‎ ‎②The factory making these pens is a small one.‎ ‎→The factory which/that makes these pens is a small one.‎ ‎2．动名词作定语 动名词作定语用于说明被修饰词的用途、功能或目的，常放在被修饰词之前。‎ ‎◆a walking stick＝a stick for walking 拐杖 ‎◆a washing machine＝a machine for washing 洗衣机 ‎◆a reading room＝a room for reading 阅览室 ‎◆She trained five times a week at her local swimming pool.‎ 她一周在当地的游泳池训练五次。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．He often carefully watches the doctors in the operating(operate) room.‎ ‎2．Here is a map showing(show) you how to get to the station.‎ ‎3．Do you remember the name of the girl sitting(sit) next to you in the old photo?‎ ‎4．With the rapid development of China，the number of foreigners learning(learn) Chinese is growing all the time.‎ ‎5．Tom received a phone call from his mother saying(say) that she would visit him this weekend.‎ ‎6．The houses being built(build) now are for the teachers.‎ ‎7．The sleeping(sleep) baby is my sister’s son.He is so lovely that we all love him.‎ ‎8．Many people were sitting on the beach in the waiting(wait) room.‎ 句型转换 ‎1．The man who is taking a walk on the playground is my English teacher.‎ ‎→________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．The girls who are mending the clothes are from the nearby villages.‎ ‎→________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．The girl who is reading a novel over there is my daughter.‎ ‎→________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4．The man who lives in the faraway village rarely sees subways.‎ ‎→________________________________________________________________________‎ - 13 -‎ ‎5．To be honest, I don’t know the boy who is giving the speech.‎ ‎→________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：‎ ‎1．The man taking a walk on the playground is my English teacher.‎ ‎2．The girls mending the clothes are from the nearby villages.‎ ‎3．The girl reading a novel over there is my daughter.‎ ‎4．The man living in the faraway village rarely sees subways.‎ ‎5．To be honest, I don’t know the boy giving the speech.‎ 明信片 文体感知 明信片有时被称为贺卡(card for congratulation)，它是一种印制好的简单的书信，多是节日到来前相互赠送的礼品，属书信的替代品。‎ 增分佳句 ‎1．I haven’t heard from you since you left.‎ ‎2．I have been in Hangzhou with my parents for my holiday for three days.‎ ‎3．Could you share something interesting with me?‎ ‎4．Hope to hear from you soon.‎ ‎5．I’m looking forward to hearing from you.‎ 写作要求 英语课上，老师让学生们给父母或朋友写一张自己在北京旅游的明信片。要点如下：‎ ‎1．来之前的想法；2.到之后的见闻。‎ 审题谋篇 项目 结论 体裁 应用文 话题 在北京旅游 时态 一般现在时为主 人称 第一人称为主 词句推敲 ‎1．词汇 ‎①度假　　　　　　　　　 go__on__a__vacation - 13 -‎ ‎②有教育意义的 educational ‎③围绕 surround ‎④应得，值得 deserve ‎⑤建筑物 construction ‎⑥文化遗产 cultural__relics ‎⑦厌倦 be/feel__tired__of ‎2．句式 ‎①文化遗产具有教育意义。作为一个00后，我有时会厌倦古代中国的历史。‎ 普通表达：The cultural relics are educational. I sometimes feel tired of the past history of ancient China as one of the 00s.‎ 高级表达：Educational__as__the__cultural__relics__are,__I__sometimes__feel__tired__of__‎ the__past__history__of__ancient__China__as__one__of__the__00s.(用as引导让步状语从句改写)‎ ‎②北京被许多现代建筑物环绕。北京不愧为我们祖国的首都。‎ 普通表达：Beijing is surrounded by pretty large number of modern constructions. Beijing deserves its state as the capital city of our motherland.‎ 高级表达：Surrounded__by__pretty__large__number__of__modern__constructions,__‎ Beijing__deserves__its__state__as__the__capital__city__of__our__motherland.(用分词短语作状语改写)‎ 妙笔成篇 ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ ‎8 August，‎ Dear mom and dad，‎ I, your dear daughter, am having great fun going on a vacation in Beijing. Educational as the cultural relics are, I sometimes feel tired of the past history of ancient China as one of the 00s. However, I feel welcomed by the whole city ‎ - 13 -‎ especially when people here are as friendly as we thought before. What’s more, the weather here is much cooler, at least in summer. Moreover, the roads here are broad. Surrounded by pretty large number of modern constructions, Beijing deserves its state as the capital city of our motherland.‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．The boy wearing(wear) a sad look said“I can’t find my parents.”‎ ‎2．They set up an operating(operate) table in a small temple to save the injured soldier.‎ ‎3．Those students hoping(hope) to enter that university should work really hard.‎ ‎4．Today there are more airplanes carrying(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.‎ ‎5．People living(live) in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.‎ ‎6．The library’s study room is full of students preparing(prepare) for the coming exam.‎ ‎7．Listen! The song being__sung(sing) is very popular with the students.‎ ‎8．The flowers smelling(smell) sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.‎ ‎9．Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting(meet) room.‎ ‎10．The question being__discussed(discuss) was presented by the headmaster.‎ 阅读理解 A Have you ever thought of taking a train and having an adventure？Riding the train can be a real adventure.That is how I feel every time I take Amtrak.I often take a fourhour trip to visit my children.Every time I take this trip I never know what will happen.‎ Last week when I was on the train and over an hour into the train ride, there was a man sitting by himself in the back of the train carrying on a mobile phone conversation—in another language.It was loud and disturbed most of the people on the train.I think it was annoying.‎ - 13 -‎ Fortunately I sat next to a wonderful old lady who was taking a twoday trip by train.She said her two daughters were distraught at the thought of her driving for three days to reach her home, although she had no trouble driving.The train ride was the only choice for her.She loved to look out of the window and watch the world go by on the train.‎ She was fun to talk to and asked me when my children started being parents.That is a very good question.Both of us are old and have children.She asked that same question from time to time.‎ There are always many people on the train from all walks of life，different countries，and many languages.Riding the train is a great way to increase your knowledge and take in all kinds of cultures.If you get hungry, you can buy food in the food car at any time.If you need to use the restroom, there is always one available.‎ It sure beats driving the car, which has to stop for food and restrooms.And it is better than taking the bus.‎ ‎【解题导语】　作者在本文中介绍了乘坐火车时的经历，认为乘坐火车是一次很好的文化体验。‎ ‎1．According to the passage，the purpose of the author’s train ride was ________．‎ A．to do business B．to see her children C．to visit places of interest D．to see her old friends B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“I often take a fourhour trip to visit my children.”可知，作者坐火车去看望孩子们。故选B。‎ ‎2．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “distraught” in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Disappointed.　　　　　　 B．Satisfied.‎ C．Worried. D．Pleased.‎ C　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，此处句意为：虽然老太太开车没有问题，但是两个女儿一想到她要开车三天才到家，就会感到……根据常识可知，此处意为：担心。故选C。‎ ‎3．Which of the following is TRUE about the old lady sitting next to the author?‎ A．She is too old to drive now.‎ B．She does not like to take trains.‎ - 13 -‎ C．Although she is old, she has a good memory.‎ D．Her daughters live far away from her home.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“at the thought of her driving for three days to reach her home”可知，女儿们住得很远。故选D。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for this passage?‎ A．Train Ride—A Cultural Experience B．A Painful Experience on the Train C．The History of Amtrak D．A Wonderful Lady A　解析：标题归纳题。根据全文的介绍尤其是倒数第二段第二句“Riding the train is a great way to increase your knowledge and take in all kinds of cultures.”可知，本题答案为A。‎ B Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year’s Day last year.I was having a terrible headache.I knew it was time to quit.‎ Searching for methods to quit smoking on the Internet is like searching for weight loss tips—there are thousands of different ways that are said to be the best, but not all are right for you.One approach that did draw my interest was apps.Along with cigarettes(烟), my phone was the only other thing I couldn’t leave my apartment without.‎ There are hundreds of apps for quitting smoking.I downloaded an app called “Quit It” because it was said to be good.It was free and didn’t cost much time as some others.You input the amount of cigarettes you smoke, the cost per pack and the time you decide to quit smoking.The app does the maths and then gives you information based on the information given by you.It tracks the amount of time since you decided to quit, the money you’ve saved, and the danger you’ve avoided.The app also includes a number of health goals.‎ Quitting smoking was one of the hardest things I’ve ever had to do.Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick and I felt terrible, but the most difficult part was the empty feeling I was left with.Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.If I wanted to smoke while I was on the computer, I’d immediately go to stopsmoking to read a success story, or to offer - 13 -‎ ‎ support to someone else having a harder time than me.‎ I quit smoking 1 year 2 months and 27 days ago.I did not smoke 6，771 cigarettes and saved $4，062.84.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者想要戒烟，后来利用一个手机应用软件成功地戒了烟。‎ ‎5．What did the author realize when suffering the terrible headache?‎ A．He should turn to an app.‎ B．He should go to see a doctor.‎ C．It was time to make a new plan.‎ D．It was about time that he quit smoking.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year’s Day last year.I was having a terrible headache.I knew it was time to quit.”可知，作者意识到是时候戒烟了。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “approach” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Method. B．Result.‎ C．Place. D．Suggestion.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Searching for methods to quit smoking”可知，这里是指一种利用app戒烟的“方法”。‎ ‎7．It’s implied in Paragraph 4 that Quit It________．‎ A．played a big role in the author’s quitting smoking B．made the author’s time much harder C．was questioned by many people D．could be used on the computer A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick...Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.”可知，这个app在作者的戒烟过程中起着很重要的作用。‎ ‎8．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To show us the harm of smoking.‎ B．To encourage readers to use an app.‎ C．To explain why he chose to quit smoking.‎ D．To tell us how he managed to quit smoking.‎ D　解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要讲述的是自己是如何成功戒烟的。‎ 语法填空 Winter in Quebec, Canada is very different from that in England. When I first - 13 -‎ ‎ arrived, I was 1.____________ (slight) worried about the winter. I couldn’t imagine 2.____________ it would be like to have 3 metres of snow and what on earth I was going to do when the weather was so bad. However, here, life goes on as usual. Trains and buses continue, and people socialise and even better. 3.____________ number of new sports take over.‎ For me, skiing means downhill skiing, in ski resorts(度假胜地), with ski lifts taking you up the mountain. Before 4.____________(arrive), I did not know there were in fact different 5.____________(type) of skiing. Imagine a sunny but cold day, and you have taken a chairlift to the top of a mountain 6.____________(cover) in snow. An hour seems like a few minutes, as you carve your way down a run to the bottom, and then do it all again. It is my new favourite sport.‎ Ice skating on a frozen(结冰的) lake is another 7.____________(excite) sport for me. Once I could hardly stand on a pair of ice skates, but now I am able to make laps(圈) of the 3 km route on the lake, 8.____________ is frozen during January and February.‎ Indeed having 3 metres of snow was a bit frightening. School 9.____________(cancel) once because of a big snowstorm, but I was 10.____________ busy enjoying all these cool sports that winter finished too soon!‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。加拿大魁北克市冬季降雪量会达到三米。不过，别担心，这儿有丰富多样的冬季户外运动。‎ ‎1．slightly　解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词worried，表示“稍微”，故填副词slightly。‎ ‎2．what　解析：考查连接词。设空表示“我无法想象降雪量达到三米是什么样的情景”，故填what。what在此引导宾语从句。‎ ‎3．A　解析：考查不定冠词。由下文的描述可知，此处表示“有许多新的运动”，故填A。a number of意为“许多，大量”。‎ ‎4．arriving　解析：考查动词ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词Before的宾语，故填arriving。‎ ‎5．types　解析：考查名词复数。设空处表示“种类”，因为type是可数名词，由其前的were和different可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填types。‎ ‎6．covered　解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处表示“被积雪覆盖的山”，cover与mountain之间是动宾关系，故填covered。‎ ‎7．exciting　解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰sport，表示“令人激动的”，故填形容词exciting。‎ ‎8．which　解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明lake，‎ - 13 -‎ 且在从句中作主语，故填which。‎ ‎9．was cancelled　解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处表示“有一次因为大暴雪学校还放了假”，school与cancel之间是被动关系，因为设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填was cancelled。‎ ‎10．so　解析：考查副词。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”。‎ 书面表达 假设你是校报英语专栏的一名小记者。今天下午你校全体师生参加了一场关于是否应该重建圆明园的问题讨论会。请你用英语为校报写一篇新闻报道，反映该讨论的结果。‎ 不应该重建 应该重建 比例 ‎60%‎ ‎40%‎ 理由 ‎1.现在的圆明园具有教育意义；‎ ‎2.重建会花费大量金钱；‎ ‎3.会导致人们忘记历史 ‎1.吸引游客；‎ ‎2.如果缺乏保护，遗迹最终会消失；‎ ‎3.通过重建的圆明园了解中国文化 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ This afternoon all the teachers and students in our school had a discussion about whether Yuanmingyuan Park should be reconstructed and opinions are divided on the question.‎ ‎60% of the students are against the idea of reconstructing Yuanmingyuan Park. They believe what it is like now can serve as the best material to educate people. Rebuilding it would not only cost a large amount of money, but also probably lead to people forgetting its history.‎ - 13 -‎ On the other hand, 40% think that Yuanmingyuan Park should be reconstructed because it will become more attractive after being rebuilt，and many relics will break down and even disappear for lack of protection. Besides, they think people can learn more about Chinese culture by visiting the new Yuanmingyuan Park.‎ ‎《我的生活》是海伦·凯勒的处女作。作品一发表，立即在美国引起了轰动，被称为“世界文学史上无与伦比的杰作”。本书由海伦·凯勒的《我的生活》《走出黑暗》《老师》三本书以及发表在美国《大西洋月刊》上的著名散文《假如给我三天光明》编译而成，完整、系统地介绍了海伦·凯勒丰富、生动、真实而伟大的一生。‎ ‎[词句积累]‎ ‎1．classify/'klæsIfaI/vt.分类；分等 ‎2．fancy/'fænsi/n.幻想 ‎3．vividly/'vIvIdli/adv.‎ 生动地 ‎4．coincidence/kəʊ'InsId(ə)ns/‎ n．巧合 ‎5．purchase/'pɜːtʃəs/vt.‎ 购买 The Story of My Life(excerpt)‎ It is with a kind of fear that I begin to write the history of my life. I have, as it were, a superstitious hesitation in lifting the veil that clings about my childhood like a golden mist. The task of writing an autobiography is a difficult one. When I try to classify my earliest impressions, I find that fact and fancy look alike across the years that link the past with the present. The woman paints the child’s experiences in her own fantasy. A few impressions stand out vividly from the first years of my life; but “the shadows of the prisonhouse are on the rest”. Besides, many of the joys and sorrows of childhood have lost their poignancy; and many incidents of vital importance in my early education have been forgotten in the excitement of great discoveries. In order, therefore, not to be tedious I shall try to present in a series of sketches only the episodes that seem to me to be the most interesting and important. ‎ I was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, a little town of northern Alabama.‎ The family on my father’s side is descended from Caspar Keller, a native of - 13 -‎ ‎ Switzerland, who settled in Maryland. One of my Swiss ancestors was the first teacher of the deaf in Zurich and wrote a book on the subject of their education—rather a singular coincidence; though it is true that there is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his.‎ My grandfather, Caspar Keller’s son，“entered” large tracts of land in Alabama and finally settled there. I have been told that once a year he went from Tuscumbia to Philadelphia on horseback to purchase supplies for the plantation, and my aunt has in her possession many of the letters to his family, which give charming and vivid accounts of these trips.‎ ‎《我的生活》(节选)‎ 我是怀着惴惴不安的心情书写我生活的历史的。在我整个童年时代，生活犹如笼罩在我身边的一团金色雾霭。冥冥之中，我是懵懂而迟疑地揭开生活的面纱的。书写自传是个难差事。每当我试图分辨孩童时期记忆的时候，我就会发现，往昔的时光美好而真实，它如同一条纽带，同此时此刻的我紧紧相连。女人们通常会以富于想象力的方式来描述自己的童年经历。虽然，那些鲜活而生动的记忆来自我生命的最初时光，但是，“牢房一般的阴暗将伴随着我的余生”。此外，童年时代的欢乐和悲伤大都成为往事前尘，它们已然失去了当时的锋芒；在我接受早期教育过程中的那些重大事件，已经随着更加激动人心的伟大发现而被淡忘。因此，为了避免单调乏味，我会努力将那些只发生在我生活中的最有趣且至关重要的章节做一个全盘性的勾勒。‎ 我于1880年6月27日出生在亚拉巴马州北部的一个叫作图斯康比亚的小镇。‎ 我父亲家的先人是来自瑞士的卡斯帕·凯勒家族，他们最初定居在马里兰州。在我的瑞士祖先中，有一个人曾是苏黎世聋哑学校的首位教师，他曾写过一本有关教学生涯的书——这似乎具有某种一脉相承的偶然性；尽管在他的祖先中没有出现过豢养奴隶的王者，但在早期先民之中，也没有出现过曾隶属于王者的奴隶。‎ 我的祖父——卡斯帕·凯勒家族之子——“进入”了亚拉巴马州这片广袤的土地并最终在此定居。我后来得知，祖父每年都骑马从图斯康比亚前往费城一次，为的是给种植园添置一些耕作用具。我姑妈那里有许多他(祖父)写的家信，信中祖父对这些旅行有着生动而清晰的描述。‎ 四大核心素养养成档案 核心素养 具体能力 模块效果评价 问题原因分析 语言能力 词汇的识记能力、语言的运用能力 文化品格 对中外文化的理解与鉴赏能力 思维品质 - 13 -‎ 用英语进行分析、概括与推断的能力 学习能力 自我选用学习策略、方法和评价的能力 - 13 -‎