2019届一轮复习北师大版必修四Unit12CultureShock单元学案设计（45页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习北师大版必修四Unit12CultureShock单元学案设计（45页word解析版）

2019 届一轮复习北师大版 Unit12Culture shock 单元学案设计 [一积词汇见多识广]　 [课内单词回扣] (一)阅读词汇写其义 1．wander vi.漫游，闲逛　　　　　　 2.tasty adj.美味的 3．foggy adj.多雾的_ 4.physician n．内科医生 5．indicate vt.表明；表示_ 6.vast adj.巨大的，广阔的 7．export vt.出口，输出 8.literature n．文学 9．unfair adj.不公平的 10.forgive vt.宽恕，饶恕 (二)表达词汇写其形 1．owe vt.欠(情、债等) 2.absorb vt.理解；掌握；吸收 3．exchange vt.兑换，交换 4.manners n．礼貌 5．request n．请求 6.attach_vt.喜欢，依恋；系 7．anyhow adv.总之，反正 8.whisper_vi.低语，耳语 9．parcel n．邮包，包裹 10.handkerchief n．手帕，纸巾 (三)拓展词汇灵活用 *1.addition n．相加；增加物→additional adj.补充的，额外的，附 加的 2.apology n．道歉，认错→apologize v．道歉，谢罪 3.expectation n．期待的事物；预期→expect vt.期待，预料；指望 →expected adj.预期的，预料的 4.majority n．大半，大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 *5.reasonable adj.合理的，正当的→reason n．理由 v.推论；劝说； 理解→reasonably adv.合理地；相当地 *6.movement n ．动作；活动→move v ．移动；感动→movable adj.可移动的→moving adj.令人感动的→moved adj.感动的 *7.curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地→curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇心 8.cautious adj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的→caution n．小心，谨慎 *9.injure vt.伤害→injury n．伤害，损害→injured adj.受伤的 *10.educator n．教育者→education n．教育→educated adj.有教养 的→educate vt.教育 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 1．His generous donation filled our need for additional funds, and in addition,_it encouraged more and more people to give a hand. 2．His explanation was not reasonable,_so all of us didn't accept his reason for being absence. He should apologize to us reasonably. 3．The boy is curiously watching what the old man is doing in the garden and he is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature. 4 ． The couple moved into the movable house and they felt much moved to see the moving movie after moving into the new house. 5．Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.The doctor said two of the injured had serious injuries. 6 ． Two thousand students were educated by the famous educator,_many of whom received further education later. [话题单词积累] 1．represent /reprɪ'zent/ v．　　　 代表 2．traditional /trə'dɪʃənl/ adj. 传统的 3．share /ʃeə(r)/ vt. 分享 4．attractive /ə'træktɪv/ adj. 有吸引力的 5．valuable /'væljuəbl/ adj. 有价值的 6．preference /'prefrəns/ n. 偏爱 7．misunderstand /ˌmɪsʌndə'stænd/ v．　误解 8．touch /tʌtʃ/ v. 触摸 9．bow /baʊ/ v. 鞠躬 10．appearance /ə'pɪərəns/ n. 仪表 11．custom /'kʌstəm/ n. 风俗 12．conversation /ˌkɒnvə'seɪʃn/ n. 谈话，交谈 13．behave /bɪ'heɪv/ vt. 守规矩，行为 14．behavior /bɪ'heɪvjə/ n. 行为，举止 15．respond /rɪ'spɒnd/ vi. 回答，回应， 作出反应 16．awkward /'ɔːkwəd/ adj. 令人尴尬的， 难应付的 17．impolite /ˌɪmpə'laɪt/ adj. 不礼貌的 18．social /'səʊʃl/ adj. 社会的， 社交的 19．punctual /'pʌŋktʃuəl/ adj. 准时的 20．heritage /'herɪtɪdʒ/ n. 遗产 21．symbol /'sɪmbl/ n. 象征 22．gesture /'dʒestʃə(r)/ n. 仪态 23．occasion /ə'keɪʒn/ n. 场合 24．extraordinary /ɪk'strɔːdnri/ adj.　 非凡的 25．vivid /'vɪvɪd/ adj. 生动的 26．casual /'kæʒuəl/ adj. 随意的 27．abstract /'æbstrækt/ adj. 抽象的；深奥的 28．rank /ræŋk/ n. 职衔，军衔 29．status /'steɪtəs/ n. 地位，身份 30．title /'taɪtl/ n. 头衔 31．celebration /ˌselɪ'breɪʃn/ n. 庆祝；庆祝会 32．feast /fiːst/ n. 盛宴，宴会 33．unique /ju'niːk/ adj. 独特的 34．decorate /'dekəreɪt/ vt. 装饰，修饰 35．reflect /rɪ'flekt/ v. 反映 [二积短语顿挫抑扬]　 [课内短语回扣] (一)根据汉语写出下列短语 *1.get_used_to 习惯于　　　　　　 *2.see_...off_ 给(某人)送行 　3.belong_to 属于 *4.give_..._a_lift_ 给……搭车，搭便 车 　5.insist_on 坚持，坚决要求 　 6.stare_at 盯着看；凝视 　7.be_attached_to 附属于 　 8.in_poor_condition 状况不好 　9.at_least 至少 *10.contrary_to 与……相反 *11.be_sensitive_to 对……敏感 *12.put/bring_an_end_to 结束 (二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 1 ． It was late at night, and there was no bus.Fortunately, a man driving a car gave me a_lift. 2．Don't worry — you'll soon get_used_to his sense of humour. 3．Contrary_to my expectation, he won the speech competition. 4 ． He also said that they were determined to put/bring_an_end_to terrorism. 5．This morning we all went to the airport to see my mother off. 6．Her reaction showed that she was_sensitive_to what he said just now. [话题短语积累] 1．have a good command of　 精通 2．be proud of 以……为荣 3．contribute to 有助于 4．take interest in 对……感兴趣 5．follow a custom 遵循习俗 6．eye contact 眼神交流 7．a facial expression 面部表情 8．face to face 面对面 9．behave well/badly 举止良好/不好 10．remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解 11．cultural exchange 文化交流 12．cultural background 文化背景 13．cross­cultural communication 跨文化交流 14．multicultural society 多元文化社会 15．cultural diversity 文化差异 [三积句式写作扮靓]　 [课内句式仿写] 1．特殊疑问词＋不定式 [例句]　Decide where to go on holiday with a friend. [仿写]　选择吃什么已经不像以前那么简单了。 Choosing what_to_eat is no longer as easy as it once was. 2．have a difficult time (in) doing sth. [例句]　When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things. [仿写]　如果你变得富有了，你会很难了解谁是你真正的朋友。 If you become rich, you will have_a_difficult_time_knowing_who_your_real_friends_are. 3．the last time 用作连词引导时间状语从句 [例句]　I had a similar experience the last time I visited China. [仿写]　我记得你上一次参观我们学校的时候给我看了一些关于 那个主题的照片。(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the_last_time_you_visited_ our_school. [话题佳句背诵] 1．Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols or social contact. 文化冲击是由于我们失去所熟悉的迹象、标志或社会交往而产生 的焦虑造成的。 2．Many traditional values are of permanent significance and should be observed in the modern and post modern eras. 许多传统的价值观具有永恒的意义，在现代与后现代都应加以恪 守。 3．Many people think that learning the traditional culture is not necessary, which is wrong. 很多人认为学习传统文化是没必要的，这是错误的。 4 ． A lack of awareness of cultural diversity or local customs can create problems, causing trouble. 不注意文化差异或当地习俗可能会产生问题，造成麻烦。 [四背语段语感流畅]　 As we all know, every culture has its own body language.Take greetings for example, the French are open­minded; they shake hands and kiss each other on each cheek when they meet people they know. Men from Middle East and other Muslin countries often stand close to other men to talk, but they will never touch women; they just nod at women. In general, people all over the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but the Japanese prefer to bow. None of these actions is either good or bad. However, studying it will help reduce misunderstanding between people and avoid the difficulties in communication. 众所周知，每一种文化都有自己的身势语。以问候为例，法国人 思想开放，当他们遇到认识的人时，他们会握手并相互亲吻面颊。来 自中东和穆斯林国家的男人经常站得离其他的男人很近谈话，但他们 从不接触女性，他们只是对女性点头。一般说来，来自全世界的人们 现在都通过握手来相互问候，但是日本人更喜欢鞠躬。 这些行为中没有好或者是坏。但是研究这些行为有助于减少人们 之间的误会和避免交流困难。 [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　 [师生共研词汇] 1．owe vt.欠(情、债等)；归功于 [教材原句]　I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often. 没有多给你写信我真的非常抱歉。 owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.　　欠某人某物 owe ... to ... 把……归功于；归因于 owing to 因为；由于 owe it to sb. that ... 多亏了某人 ①Owing (owe) to your help, I have made great progress. In other words, I owe my progress to you. 由于你的帮助，我取得了很大进步。换句话说，我把我的进步归 功于你。 ②I_owe_it_to_you_that I finished my work in time. 多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。 ③We owe these achievements to the strength of reform and opening­up and the persevering spirit of the Chinese nation. 我们把这些成就归功于改革开放以及中华民族不屈不挠的精神。 2．absorb vt.吸收；理解；使专心；使全神贯注；掌握 [教材原句]　I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me — I think I'm still experiencing culture shock. 我一直忙于学习，尽力了解身边的新事物——我觉得自己一直在 经历文化冲击。 (1)absorb sb.'s attention to (doing) sth. 　　　　　　　 吸引某人对(做)某事的注意力 (2)be absorbed by/into sth./sb. 被……吞并；为……所吸收 be absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神贯注于/热衷于……；一心从 事…… ①Absorbed_in_painting,_John didn't notice evening approaching.(2015·天津高考单选) 专心于画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 ②Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain. 几分钟的时间酒精就会被吸收到血流中并开始对大脑起作用。 3. request n．&vt.请求，要求 [教材原句]　to make a request to someone you don't know very well 向你(们)不大熟悉的人表达请求 (1)make a request for ...　　　　 请求，要求…… at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb. 应某人的要求 (2)request sb.(not) to do sth. 请求某人(不)做某事 request sth.from/of sb. 向某人请求某物 request (that) ... 请求…… It is/was requested that ... 据要求…… ①All class members are requested to_attend (attend) the annual meeting. 所有班级成员都被要求出席年会。 ②What's your opinion of Mr Li's request that we should_spend (spend) half an hour reading English aloud every morning? 你怎么看李老师要求我们每天早晨大声朗读半小时英语呢？ ③She bought the new computer at_the_request_of her three children. 她应三个孩子的要求购买了新电脑。 [名师点津] 　在与 request 相关的名词性从句或“It is/was requested that ...”句型中，从句谓语动词用“should＋do”表示虚拟语气，should 可以省略。 4．familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的 [教材原句]　Jin Li found the American way of life familiar soon after her arrival in the USA. 金丽到达美国后不久，她就发现美国人的生活方式对她来说很熟 悉。 sb.be familiar with sth.　　　 某人对某物很熟悉 sth.be familiar to sb.＝sth.be known to sb. 某物为某人所熟悉 ①After the foreign guests were_familiar_with the Chinese traditional festivals, they liked to live in China. 外国客人在熟悉了中国传统节日后，便喜欢在中国生活。 ②They are not familiar with charity work, which is still at an early stage in China. ＝ Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is not familiar to them. 他们不太熟悉慈善工作，这项工作在中国还处于初始阶段。 5．attach vt.系，固定；附上，贴上；喜欢，依恋 [教材原句]　At first, we didn't feel we belong here, but now we are attached to the land we live on. 起初，我们认为自己并不属于这里，但是现在我们已与我们所居 住的土地紧紧地联系在一起了。 (1)attach ... to ...　　 把……固定到/附/贴在……上 attach importance/significance/value to 认为……重要/有意义/有价值 attach oneself to sb. 与某人在一起；缠着某人 (2)attached adj. 依恋的；附加的 (be) attached to 附属于；依恋 ① Many of us teenagers attach_much_more_importance_to our phones than to our friends.(2014·重庆高考写作) 我们很多青少年认为手机要比朋友重要得多。 ②Attach a recent photograph to your application form. 申请表上请贴一张近照。 ③This hospital attached (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood. 这家附属于附近那所医学院的医院被洪水冲毁了。 6．bear vi.&vt.(bore, borne/born)容忍；忍受；承担(责任)；支撑； 承受；生育；出 生；结(果实)；携带 [教材原句]　I can't bear the way the native Australians have been treated. 我不能容忍澳大利亚土著人被对待的方式。 [一词多义]　写出句中 bear 的含义 ①It would be unjust for him to bear personally the great expenses.承 担 ②The pain was almost more than he could bear.忍受 ③The ice is too thin to bear your weight.支撑 ④Some of the new planted apple orchards have also begun to bear. 结(果实) ⑤The stress must have been enormous but she bore it well.承受 bear the blame/responsibility　　　　 受责备/承担责任 can't bear doing/to do sth. 不能忍受做某事 bear sb./sb.'s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事 bear sth.in mind 牢记某事 bear in mind that ... 牢记…… ⑥I couldn't bear to_listen/listening (listen) any longer, so I left the room. 我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。 ⑦Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children. 肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。 ⑧My mother often reminds me to bear/keep_in_mind_that failure is the mother of success.(2014·福建高考书面表达) 妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。 [自主练通词汇] 1．exchange vt.&n.兑换，交换 单句语法填空 ①I am going to travel abroad, so I go to exchange some RMB for dollars in the bank. ②I've offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week's holiday. ③They exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge. 2．majority n．大半，大多数 单句语法填空/单句改错 ①Only a minority of people in that city don't have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority. ②I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored (majority) in information management. ③The majority of the damage are easy to repair. are→is [词汇过关练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Although the dragon is quite familiar to most Chinese, nobody has ever seen a real one. 2．A young man attached himself (he) to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him. 3．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are (be) against it. 4．The old man owes his good health to his regular lifestyle. 5．No wonder his wife complains about him.No one can bear him staying (stay) at home, doing nothing day after day. 6 ． The workers requested that their working conditions (should)_be_improved (improve) further. 7．This kind of cream is easily absorbed into skin, which is a good seller this year. 8．I will make the best of the opportunity to exchange ideas with them. Ⅱ.单句改错 1 ． We request that the sports meeting put off because of bad weather.put 前加 be 2 ．Since Beijing is familiar with me, I can show visitors around the places of interest in Beijing.with→to 3 ． A majority of the water we use every day are groundwater.are→is 4．She has always been very much attached on her work.on→to 5．I owe to you that I made such rapid progress in my spoken English. owe 后加 it 6 ． Absorbing in his work ， Tom simply forgot food and sleep.Absorbing→Absorbed Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子) 1．我所有的同学都认为背诵英语课文很重要。 All my classmates attach_great_importance_to learning English texts by heart. 2．由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。 Owing_to_the_bad_weather,_the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 3．校长要求学生不要旷课。 The headmaster requested_the_students_not_to_be absent from class. 4．从书店借来书之后，他便沉浸在这些书中。 He was_absorbed_in the books after borrowing them from a bookshop. 5．我对她的脸很熟悉，但我想不起她是谁。 I was_familiar_with_her_face,_but I couldn't quite place her. [第二板块　短语、句式突破]　 1．get used to 习惯于 [ 教材原句] 　You're going to have to get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over here, Aunt Mei! 梅姨，你必须得适应这里腌肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早餐！ (1)be/become/grow/get used to (doing) sth. ＝be/become/grow/get accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 (2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 (3)used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(暗示现在已经不做了) ①The foreign student could not get used to eating (eat) the strange food. 那个外国学生不习惯吃这种奇怪的食物。 ②Computers are used to_do (do) many things for people now. 现在计算机被人们用来做很多事情。 ③We_used_to_sit in the yard every evening and listen to my grandpa tell a story. 我们过去常常每天晚上坐在院子里，听爷爷讲故事。 2．see ... off 给(某人)送行 [教材原句]　He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off. 他坚持陪我走到车站给我送行。 see through　　　　　 看透，识破；把……做完 see to 照料；注意；处理 see to it that ... 确保/保证…… seeing that ... 因为，由于；鉴于 ①We must see to it that all jobs are finished before 5 o'clock. 我们必须确保所有的工作在 5 点前完成。 ②I'm so glad you've come here to see_to_this_matter in person. 我很高兴你亲自来这里处理这个问题。 ③Seeing_that you're already at the door, I suppose I must invite you inside. 鉴于你已到了门口，我想我必须邀请你入内。 3．bring an end to 结束，制止 [教材原句]　The arrival of white people gradually brought an end to the traditional Aboriginal way of life. 白人的到来逐渐结束了传统土著人的生活方式。 come to an end　　　　 结束，告终 Error! 使……结束；终结…… at the end of ... 在……结束时；最终 ①I hope we'll bring our quarrel to_an_end as soon as possible. 我希望我们尽快结束这场争吵。 ②The meeting came_to_an_end and he set down many key points. 会议结束了，他记录了很多要点。 4．Decide where_to_go_on_holiday with a friend. 定好和朋友到哪儿去度假。 句中 where to go on holiday ...为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构， 在句中作宾语。 (1)wh­疑问词后跟动词不定式构成的短语，可以在句子中作主语、 宾语、表语，还可以作定语。(注意：why 后不能直接跟动词不定式) (2)在“特殊疑问代词＋不定式”结构中，不定式往往与前面的疑 问代词之间构成动宾关系，但不定式结构用主动语态。 ①It is said that when and where to have a meeting has_been_decided (decide)．(作主语) 据说何时何地举行会议已经确定。 ②There were so many toys that he didn't know which one to_choose (choose)．(作宾语) 有太多的玩具可供选择以至于他不知道该选哪一个了。 ③Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how_to_survive_without_friends.(作表语) 也许最艰难的挑战就是没有朋友的话应该怎样生存。 5．I had a similar experience the_last_time I visited China. 上次我到中国参观时也有同样的经历。 　(1)表示时间的名词词组 the last time 用作连词，引导时间状语 从句。名词短语可以充当时间状语从句的连词还有： the first/second/third time ...　　　 第一/二/三次…… the moment/minute/instant ... 一……就…… every/each time 每次，每当 next time 下次 ①Every/Each_time she came to see me, she always rode her electric bike. 每次她来看我，她总是骑着电动车。 ②The_moment he got out of the airport，the pop star was surrounded by his fans. 这位著名歌星一出飞机场，就被歌迷围了起来。 (2)有些副词或介词短语也可以充当时间状语从句的连词。 immediately/directly/instantly ...　　　一……就…… by the time ... 到……时 ③I came to see you instantly (instant) I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息，马上就来看你了。 ④By_the_time_I_got_to_the_airport,_the plane she was in had just taken off. 当我到达机场时，她乘坐的飞机已经起飞了。 [短语、句式过关练] Ⅰ.用 see 短语填空(see ... off/see through/see to) 1．You were very clever to see_through him.He had deceived the rest of us. 2．Will you see_to the arrangements for the next meeting? 3．I will go to the railway station to see my brother off tomorrow. Ⅱ.选词填空 come to an end， at the end of， bring an end to 1 ． Only through political solution could we bring_an_end_to the violence. 2．All bad things come_to_an_end,_so you needn't feel depressed. 3．The cold weather at last broke at_the_end_of March. Ⅲ.句型转换/补全句子 1．As soon as the result came out, she told us. ①The moment/second/minute/instant the result came out, she told us. ②Immediately/Directly/Instantly the result came out, she told us. 2．我最后一次见到凯特时，她正在研究野生动物。 The_last_time I saw Kate, she was doing research on wild animals. 3．如何应付上涨的生活成本成了日常谈论的话题。 What_to_do_with_the_rising_cost_of_living becomes a daily discussion topic. 4．这所寄宿学校的孩子现在习惯了每日早起。 Children in the boarding school now get_used_to_getting_up_early every day. [课堂双线提能]　　　　　　　课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 unforgettable， owing to， have difficulty in doing， give sb. a lift， communicate with， exchange 1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语) ①去美国时我有一次难忘的经历。 I_had_an_unforgettable_experience when I went to America. ②由于我英语不好，我不知道如何乘出租车。 Owing_to my poor English, I had_difficulty_in_taking a taxi. ③有一位热心的女士让我搭了个便车。 A warm­hearted woman gave_me_a_lift. ④她告诉我如何乘车、如何问路。 She told me how_I_should_take_a_taxi_and_how_I_should_ask_for_ways. ⑤我很感激她的帮助，意识到学好英语可以帮助我们跟外国人沟 通和交流思想。 I really appreciated her help and realized it's of great help to learn English well and it can help us communicate_with_foreigners_and_exchange_ideas. 2．升级平淡句 (1)用 the last time 升级句① I_had_an_unforgettable_experience_the_last_time_I_went_to_Ameri ca. (2)用“疑问词＋不定式”升级句④ She_told_me_how_to_take_a_taxi_and_how_to_ask_for_ways. (3)用 which 引导的非限制性定语从句升级句⑤ I_really_appreciated_her_help_and_realized_it's_of_great_help_to_l earn_English_well,_which_can_help_us_communicate_with_foreigners_a nd_exchange_ideas. 3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：luckily, besides) I had an unforgettable experience the last time I went to America.Owing to my poor English, I had difficulty in taking a taxi.Luckily, a warm­hearted woman gave me a lift.Besides, she told me how to take a taxi and how to ask for ways.I really appreciated her help and realized it's of great help to learn English well, which can help us communicate with foreigners and exchange ideas. 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——be doing sth. when ..., when 作并列连词] 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝 试翻译 课文 长难 句 I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us. 这 是 一 个 并 列 句 ， I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table 是第一个分 句，I noticed people staring at us 是第二个分句。 真题 I was driving down 这是一个并列句 I was driving 我正开 车去伦 敦，这时 突然发 现自己 走错路 了。 长难 句 to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017· 天津高 考) down to London 是第一个分 句，I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road 是第二个分 句。 “文化影响”是“文化风俗”下的子话题。文化潜移默化地影响 着人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。文化能够塑造人，能够培 养健全的人格。关于这个话题的语篇在高考中涉及很多，如阅读理解、 完形填空，甚至是写作，因此应引起高度重视。 一、话题与语篇 [考题示例]　　　　　　　　　(2016·天津高考) The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful. Cathy suffered some terrible __16__ in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she __17__ became healthy. Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head — to be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to __18__ our local swim team. She practiced hard and finally __19__ it. The team practice, __20__， was a rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly __21__ her first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to __22__ her from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit __23__ to go! I told her she shouldn't swim after a whole night's coughing, but she refused to __24__ and insisted she go. From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn't __25__ a single practice. She had a __26__ intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten­year­old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this __27__ human being with a passion and a mission. There were moments of __28__ of course：often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It was difficult for Cathy to accept that she wasn't a __29__ — ever. But that didn't stop her from trying. Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to __30__ her friends and praise their accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach __31__， “The highest honor goes to Cathy！” Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her __32__ and enthusiasm. __33__ skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset (财富) one can hold is the heart.” It was the greatest __34__ of my daughter's life. With all she had been __35__ in her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph (成功)． 16．A.failure　　　　　　　　 B．pressure C．loss D．illness 17．A.usually B．finally C．firstly D．frequently 18．A.improve B．train C．join D．contact 19．A.increased B．found C．created D．made 20．A.however B．therefore C．otherwise D．instead 21．A.use B．survive C．save D．waste 22．A.pull B．tell C．hide D．fire 23．A.afraid B．nervous C．ready D．free 24．A.take off B．set off C．give up D．show up 25．A.attend B．miss C．ban D．start 26．A.rich B．weak C．firm D．kind 27．A.trusted B．determined C．experienced D．embarrassed 28．A.frustration B．delight C．excitement D．surprise 29．A.beginner B．learner C．partner D．winner 30．A.cheer on B．compete with C．respond to D．run after 31．A.admitting B．explaining C．announcing D．whispering 32．A.humor B．will C．honesty D．wisdom 33．A.Although B．Since C．Once D．Because 34．A.discovery B．choice C．influence D．moment 35．A.through B．under C．across D．around [策略指导]　 (一)这样读文 1．抓首句、明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏 由首句 The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful.和 Cathy suffered ..., Two year ago ...可知，本 文是一篇记叙文。 2．抓关键词(话题词、行为动词)，巧串联，理顺文脉明主旨 由文中的关键词“suffered, swim team, practised”等可知此文是一篇 关于遭受疾病困扰的女孩坚持练习游泳的故事。 本文的行文脉络如下： (二)这样做题 [名师解题] 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者十岁的女儿凯西 在游泳训练的过程中所表现出的坚强的意志和热情以及给他人带来的 鼓舞。 16．选 D　联系下文的关键词“treatment”及“became healthy”可知， 作者的女儿凯西曾得过严重的疾病(illness)。 17．选 B　联系前文的“After years of regular treatment”及后文的 “became healthy”可知，凯西最终(finally)得以恢复健康。 18．选 C　联系前文的“a dream came into her sweet little head — to be a swimmer”可知，凯西想加入(join)我们当地的游泳队。 19．选 D　联系前后文可知，凯西通过刻苦训练，最终加入了游 泳队(made it)。make it 为固定搭配，意为“获得成功”。 20．选 A　由空格前的 made it 及后文的 a rough start 可知，虽然 凯西最终加入了游泳队，但(however)训练却异常艰辛。前后文在语意 上是转折关系，故填 however。 21．选 B　由空格前的“she coughed and choked”可以看出，凯西 一开始进行游泳训练遭遇了咳嗽、呛水等一系列困难，前几个星期几 乎挺不下去(hardly survive her first few weeks)。 22．选 A　一天晚上，作者听到女儿咳嗽得非常厉害，决定让女 儿完全放弃这项运动(pull her from it all)。文中的 pull her from it 意为 “把她从这项运动中拉(pull)出来”，即让女儿放弃这项运动。 23．选 C　联系空前的“wearing her swimsuit”可知，凯西已经为去 参加游泳训练做好了准备(ready)。 24．选 C　联系空前的 but，refused 及空格后的“insisted she go”可 知，当作者因为女儿晚上咳嗽而劝说她放弃游泳的时候，女儿拒绝放 弃(give up)，选择坚持。 25．选 B　联系空前的“kept swimming”可以看出凯西刻苦训练的 决心。再结合空后的“a single practice”可推知，凯西一次训练也没有落 下(miss)。 26．选 C　由该段后文可以看出，凯西心中一直充满坚定的(firm) 信念，即使遇到困难也不放弃，不退缩。 27．选 B　联系下文的“she would be the last swimmer”及“But that didn't stop her from trying” 可 以 看 出 ， 凯 西 是 一 个 意 志 坚 定 的 (determined)人。 28．选 A　联系后文的“often she would be the last swimmer in the race”可知，凯西也遭遇过一些令她沮丧的时刻(moments of frustration)。 29．选 D　联系前文的“often she would be the last swimmer in the race”以及后文“But that didn't stop her from trying.”可以看出，凯西遇到 很多挫折，但对于凯西来说，她不愿意接受自己不是赢家(winner)这件 事。 30．选 A　由空格后的“praise their accomplishments”可知，凯西 参加颁奖典礼是为了称赞朋友们所取得的成绩。由“and praise”可知， 凯西为朋友们喝彩(cheer on)。 31．选 C　联系空后引用的话可知，总教练在宣布(announce)比赛 结果。 32．选 B　联系倒数第三段对于意志坚定的凯西的描述及倒数第 二段最后一句话中的“the most valuable asset one can hold is the heart”可 以看出，凯西用她坚强的意志(will)和对游泳运动的热情鼓舞着她周围 的人。 33．选 A　“skills and talents bring great success”(技能和天赋给我 们 带 来 巨 大 的 成 功 ) 和 “the most valuable asset one can hold is the heart”(一个人所拥有的最有价值的财富是内心)之间是让步关系，所以 选 although 引导让步状语从句。 34 ． 选 D 　 联 系 该 段 最 后 一 句 中 的 “this was the hour of true triumph”可知，这是作者女儿生命中最重要的时刻(moment)。 35．选 A　联系空后的“in her ten years”可知，此处表示“在她经 历(through)的十年人生里”。 [完形填空系列技法 3]　利用固定搭配解题 英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空中不 少选项都涉及词语搭配关系。因此，做题时，在分析语境、逻辑、理 清空白处含义的基础上，利用对词汇前后搭配的分析可以快速、准确 地推断完形填空的未知信息。常见的搭配形式包括动词习惯搭配、名 词习惯搭配、介词习惯搭配、逻辑搭配(过渡词、指示代词等)、语义 搭配(辨别同义词、近义词、反义词等)、结构搭配(名词、动词、形容 词等在句中或文中和其他词的搭配)、固定句式和习惯表达方式以及语 境中的词语辨析等。解答此类题目时，考生需要有扎实的词汇功底， 否则就可能导致误选。如：19 题，前面说她想要参加，所以这里说她 刻苦的练习，终于成功了。make it “成功”，是固定搭配。选 D。22 题，我想让女儿从游泳队中退出，也就是不想让她参加，pull sb. from/out of sth.“从……退出”，是词语搭配。符合语境。选 A。 (三)这样积累 1．treatment n．　　　　　　　　　 治疗 2．intention n. 目的，意图 3．survive v. 幸存 4．passion n. 热心，热情 5．accomplishment n. 成就，技能 6．influence n. 影响 7．awards ceremony 颁奖仪式 8．inspire sb. with sth. 激发某人的某种情感 二、话题与写作 [考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·全国卷Ⅰ) 假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节 日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下： 1．栏目介绍； 2．稿件内容； 3．稿件长度：约 400 词； 4．交稿日期：6 月 28 日前。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头语已为你写好。 Dear Peter， I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school's English newspaper. [写作规范]　 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 1．栏目　　　　　　　　 column 2．旨在；瞄准 aim 3．机会 opportunity 4．涉及 involve 5．呈交 submit 6．与……共享 share_..._with_... 7．大约；上下 or_so 8．向……投稿 contribute_to_... 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 1．在我们学校的报纸上有一个叫“外国文化”的栏目。 In_the_newspaper_of_our_school_there_is_a_column_called_“Forei gn_Cultures”． 2．它旨在介绍美国的风俗和高中生的生活。 It_aims_to_introduce_American_customs_and_the_life_of_high_sch ool_students. 3．我认为对你来说这是一次与我们一起分享你的经历的好机会。 I_believe_this_is_a_wonderful_opportunity_for_you_to_share_your_ own_experience_with_us. 4．你在六月二十八日前交上你的文章是很重要的。(用主语从句) That_you_should_submit_your_article_before_28th,_June_is_import ant. 5．如果你想向我们的报纸投稿，请在截止日期之前发给我你的文 章。 If_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please_send_me_yo ur_article_before_the_deadline. 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 1．用现在分词作后置定语连接练习 1、2 In_the_newspaper_of_our_school_there_is_a_column_called_“Forei gn_Cultures” ， _aiming_to_introduce_American_customs_and_the_life_of_high_school_ students. 2．用 it 作形式主语提升练习 4 It_is_important_that_you_should_submit_your_article_before_28th,_ June. 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Peter， I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school's English newspaper. In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. I believe this is a wonderful opportunity for you to share your own experience with us. The article can involve western festivals and customs, such as Independence Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas. You can also write about students' daily life. The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so. It is important that you should submit your article before 28th, June. If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline. Looking forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua [单元检测·高考提能] 单元检测 A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 [语言基础扎根练] Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The black furnishings provide an interesting contrast (对比) to the white walls. 2．He thought his marketing plan was perfect, but on the contrary (相 反), it was not and it failed. 3．They received hundreds of requests (请求) for more information. 4．Client offers to exchange (交换) his gold ring for a leather bag. 5 ． I am going to take the parcel ( 包 裹 ) to the post office this afternoon. 6．Mary is attached (依恋) to her mother, so if she goes abroad, she may feel homesick. 7．We should like to offer our apologies (道歉) for the delay to your flight today. 8．We had an informal (非正式的) party at a hotel, and people just flooded in. 9．There are more than 42 countries where the majority (大多数) of the people speak English. 10．Many people are not familiar (熟悉) with the taxation laws. 11．Parents owe their children privacy and respect for their personal belongings (belong)． 12 ． The hotel he recommended fell far short of our expectations (expect)． 13．We went to the restaurant to taste (tasty) the Chinese traditional food. 14．You get an interesting meal for a reasonable (reason) price. 15．In high school, I became curious (curiously) about the computer, and built my first website. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．We must see to that all people are equal before the law.to 后加 it 2．Absorbing in watching TV, he did not notice me come into the room. Absorbing→Absorbed 3 ． He soon got used to live in a dormitory after he entered university.live→living 4．In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads — the majority of auto accidents is caused by human error — and fewer traffic jams.is→are 5．Where can I exchange my American money with foreign money？ with→for 6．We should attach importance for the use of the verbs when we learn a foreign language.for→to 7 ． All the workers belonged to the factory must obey the rule.belonged→belonging 8 ． Adding to what we have already saved, it gives us $550. Adding→Added 9．He requested us not smoke in the restaurant.not 后加 to 10．He is always willing to help others, so everyone here is familiar to him.第二个 to→with Ⅲ.补全句子 1．我们的老师要求我们对考试做好充分的准备。 Our teacher made a request that we (should)_be_well_prepared_for_the_exam. 2．当被问及他成功的秘诀时，他常把他的成功和幸福归功于他的 学生。 When asked about the secret of his success, he often owes_his_success_and_happiness_to his students. 3．上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。 The_last_time_we_talked,_he said he needed another two days. 4．他如此专心致志地工作，以至于他的大多数学生都非常喜欢他。 He is so_absorbed_in_his_work that the majority of his students love him very much. 5．向你父母解释这件事你也许有困难。 You may_have_a_difficult_time_in_explaining that to your parents. 6．北师大附中是一所全国知名的中学。 The middle school attached_to_Beijing_Normal_University is well­known across the country. 7．很多学生为之困惑的问题是怎样学好英语。 The question many students are puzzled about is how_to_learn_English_well. 8．我们学生应该经常和父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，而且最重 要的是，在这个世界上他们是最爱我们的人。 We students should often exchange_ideas_with_our_parents,_who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world. [阅读理解提速练] A Tour operators have seasonal deals on holidays to Canada, Australia and other countries in a new year. Austravel Holidaymakers can save up to 30% on a trip to Australia with the Austravel sale, which runs for about a month. It also includes a fortnight­long trip to Perth and a west coast self­drive trip from ￡ 795pp including flights in May or July. •austravel. com Canadian Affair The leading UK tour operator to Canada will be offering savings of up to ￡140pp during its winter sale. This includes a three­night city break to Toronto, including return flights, for just ￡399, if you book before 24 December. Other deals continue until 31 December. •canadianaffair. com Thomson and First Choice Some deals are being launched this week by Thomson and First Choice, with early booking offers including free places for kids, lower deposits and up to ￡300 off per couple on a lot of destinations. •thomson. co. uk, firstchoice. co. uk Eurocamp The camping company is offering thousands of Easter and May half­term holidays for under ￡350, such as an Easter break at La Baume on the French Riviera for just ￡ 25 a night, based on a stay in a two­bedroom holiday home. Early bookers can save up to 25% and secure a holiday with a deposit of just ￡99. •eurocamp. co. uk Kuoni Running from Christmas Eve, the Kuoni sale includes a wide range of offers. These offers include ten nights full board in the Maldives from ￡1,599 and seven nights in Phuket, Thailand from ￡999 per person — both including flights and transfers (换乘)． •kuoni. co. uk 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个旅游公司提供的优惠活动。 1．How long may you stay in Perth with Austravel? A．One month.　　　　　 B．Two weeks. C．One week. D．Four nights. 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据 Austravel 部分中的“It also includes a fortnight­long trip to Perth”可知，Austravel 提供给游客为期 14 天的 Perth 之游。fortnight 意为“两周，十四天”。 2．What does the author say about Thomson and First Choice? A．It requires no deposit. B．It offers cheap return flights. C．It is suitable for family travel. D．It can save up to ￡300 per person. 解析：选 C　推理判断题。根据 Thomson and First Choice 部分中 的“including free places for kids, lower deposits and up to ￡300 off per couple”可知，Thomson and First Choice 提供对孩子免费的地方，以 及针对夫妇的折扣。所以它对家庭出游来说很合适。 3．What do Eurocamp and Kuoni have in common? A．Both have various offers. B．Both include flights. C．Both offer a discount for early booking. D．Both need a deposit to secure a holiday. 解析：选 A　推理判断题。根据 Eurocamp 部分中的“The camping company is offering thousands of Easter and May half­term holidays”可 知，Eurocamp 提供数千种假日出游选择；根据 Kuoni 部分中的“the Kuoni sale includes a wide range of offers”可知，Kuoni 也为游客提供各 种各样的出游选择。所以选 A。 B (2018·烟台质检)When I was in college, I spent a semester studying abroad at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland. In my brief time there, I came to love Scotland for its local culture, food and scenery. You might think, “Scotland isn't so different from the US; they still speak English there ！” But when I stepped off the plane, I was greeted by a gruff­voiced (声音粗哑的) lady at customs. “You'll be coming from America, then？” She asked me, and I nodded. “But all of our guys are leaving Glasgow for the States ！” Her thick Scottish English and sense of humor were obvious right away. I was not in the US any more, where customs agents never joke around. As I settled in at the university, I could feel myself getting used to hearing — and even speaking — the Scottish English of my customs agent. In classroom discussions, people would say “em” when they couldn't think of what to say instead of “um”， which was great fun. After the first few weeks, I stopped chuckling about this. Strathclyde students stayed up late into the night, running around campus and shouting, “Go! Lat's go, lat's go, lat's go (curse word) Glasgow！” Pretty soon, I was no longer saying “thanks” at the supermarket — instead, I said “cheers”． My Scottish friends drank whiskey and ate haggis (羊杂碎布丁). I drank plenty of whiskey but I was ashamed to admit that I wasn't brave enough to try haggis. Scottish bakeries usually sell bridies (肉馅饼). Add a cup of tea — though I usually Americanized it by choosing coffee instead — and a bridie makes for a delicious breakfast. Every time I took a train anywhere in Scotland, I'd gaze out at the rolling hills and wonder if grass was greener than anywhere else in the world. Then I'd reflect that there's a reason this country was the birthplace of golf. 语篇解读：本文介绍了“我”在苏格兰学习期间的体验：居民友 好，食物独特，景色优美，苏格兰英语与美式英语有区别。 4．What did the author think of the lady at customs? A．Impolite. B．Friendly. C．Serious. D．Calm. 解析：选 B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Her thick Scottish English and sense of humor were obvious right away. I was not in the US any more, where customs agents never joke around”可知，作者认为她的 苏格兰英语和幽默用得恰到好处，而美国的海关工作人员却从来不跟 人开玩笑；据此可推断，作者认为这位在海关工作的女士是友好的， 故 B 项正确。 5 ． Which of the following can replace the underlined word “chuckling” in Paragraph 3? A．Talking loudly. B．Comparing. C．Laughing quietly. D．Hearing. 解析：选 C　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“In classroom discussions, people would say ... was great fun. After the first few weeks, I stopped chuckling about this”并结合“Pretty soon, I ... said ‘cheers’ ”可推知， 在教室讨论时，“我”发现他们的发音很有趣，几周后，“我”适应 了他们的发音，所以不再偷笑。故画线词意为“偷笑”，C 项正确。 6．What is the author's purpose of writing the text? A．To explain why Scotland is famous for golf. B．To promote the development of Scottish catering trade. C．To introduce different pronunciations of “em”and “um”． D．To share his experiences in Scotland as an exchange student. 解析：选 D　写作目的题。通读全文并结合第一段中的“In my brief time there, I came to love Scotland for its local culture, food and scenery” 可知，本文旨在和读者分享“我”在苏格兰做交换生期间所感受到的 苏格兰文化、美食和美景，故 D 项正确。 单元检测 B——完形填空精准练＋失分题型强化练 [完形填空精准练] (2018·辽宁省铁岭市协作体联考)A person may have a number of abilities and talents, but he could fail. __1__ the person is aware of his abilities and has the determination to __2__ them, he is going to be a failure. Great people __3__ their abilities, made the best use of at least one of their talents and finally succeeded. Great men don't wait for the right opportunity to turn up on their doorstep; __4__， they create the opportunity in order to __5__ on their way to achievements. These are the people who make things __6__. Michael Dell said, “Don't spend so much time trying to choose the perfect opportunity, or you may __7__ the right opportunity.” There is no better time than right now to __8__ doing what you have been thinking about doing. The __9__ is to listen to your heart and let it carry you in the direction of your __10__. Just open your mind to different possibilities, different ways of __11__ a challenge, and it can provide you with many fresh __12__. Another key point is to act upon the seized opportunity. Many of us get the right opportunity but __13__ to make use of it. This is because our __14__ are tied up with things that will give __15__ happiness. The basic tendency of human minds is to look for quick results __16__ rather than long­term satisfaction at a later stage. We should __17__ focus our efforts on vital and precious activities that will take us forward in our path of __18__. With the ability to recognize the right opportunity, determination to __19__ work on it and sincerity to make the best use of it, making __20__ things happen is an absolute possibility. 语篇解读：本文是议论文。有才能的人也需要创造机遇，并充分 利用它，这样才能取得成功。 1．A.Unless　　　　　　　 B．Because C．When D．If 解析：选 A　根据本空后的 aware 和 failure 可知，除非他能意识 到自己的能力，并决心利用它，否则他仍将失败。 2．A.achieve B．use C．value D．consider 解析：选 B　参见上题解析。 3．A.developed B．admired C．knew D．acquired 解析：选 C　根据上句中的“aware of”可知，伟人都很清楚自己的 能力并善于充分利用至少其中之一。 4．A.besides B．therefore C．otherwise D．instead 解析：选 D　根据上一句可知，他们不会等着机会上门，而是会 主动创造机遇。 5．A.fight back B．settle down C．move ahead D．cheer up 解析：选 C　根据本空后的 way 可知，他们主动创造机遇，以便 能在成功的道路上继续前进。 6．A.happen B．matter C．improve D．stop 解析：选 A　根据上句中的 create 可知，他们是主动让事情发生 的一类人。 7．A.expect B．miss C．dislike D．refuse 解析：选 B　根据本空前“spend so much time”可知，不能耗费时 光去等待机遇，那样你就会错失机遇。 8．A.start B．admit C．enjoy D．practise 解析：选 A　现在就是开始做你长久以来一直想做的事的最佳时 机。 9．A.challenge B．key C．intention D．goal 解析：选 B　根据下一段第一句中的“Another key point”可知，此 处是说关键之一是要听从你的内心，并且让它带你前行。 10．A.adventures B．memories C．dreams D．studies 解析：选 C　根据上句中的“what you have been thinking about doing” 可知，它能带你去追逐梦想。 11．A.creating B．discovering C．accepting D．examining 解 析 ： 选 D 　 根 据 本 空 前 的 “Just open your mind to different possibilities”可知，要从不同方面审视挑战。 12．A.wishes B．tastes C．ideas D．excuses 解析：选 C　根据“open your mind”及两个 different 可知，这样它 就能给你提供许多新想法。 13．A.pretend B．try C．forget D．fail 解析：选 D　根据本空前的“Many of us get the right opportunity” 和 but 可知，很多人没有利用这个机会。 14．A.minds B．characters C．natures D．lives 解析：选 A　根据下一句中的“The basic tendency of human minds” 可知，那是因为我们的思想被追求立竿见影的幸福的欲望所束缚。 15．A.lasting B．true C．future D．quick 解析：选 D　根据下一句中的“look for quick results”可知，我们的 思想被追求立竿见影的幸福的欲望所束缚。 16．A.at present B．by chance C．in person D．in common 解析：选 A　根据该空后的“rather than long­term satisfaction at a later stage”可知，思维的定势就是要追求现在立竿见影的效果。 17．A.immediately B．constantly C．eventually D．normally 解析：选 B　根据本空后的“take us forward”可知，我们应该持续 不断地把注意力放在那些重要的活动上。 18．A.exploration B．revolution C．freedom D．success 解析：选 D　根据第二段中的“on their way to achievements”可知， 坚持努力，就能成功。 19．A.quietly B．freely C．honestly D．openly 解 析 ： 选 C 　 根 据 本 空 前 后 的 “ability to recognize the right opportunity”和“sincerity to make the best use of it”可知，要有踏实工作 的决心。 20．A.real B．great C．reasonable D．lucky 解析：选 B　根据本空前的努力可知，有了这些，你就一定能干 一番大事业。 [失分题型强化练] Ⅰ.语法填空 (2018·天津市十二重点中学联考)In human history, many ancient and splendid civilizations were born and died. China is the only country __1__ uninterrupted human civilization. Chinese civilization was born on the shores of the Yellow River. And the rich land __2__ Chinese civilization began is in Henan Province. The Yellow River goes across __3__ (center) Henan. It is China's main north­to­south and east­to­west artery (干线). China's most ancient tribal __4__ (lead), the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor, were born here. Even today, Chinese people all over the world still __5__ (proud) call themselves the descendants (后裔) of these two emperors. The river holds __6__ unshakable position in the heart of every Chinese, __7__ (respect) by every generation and called “the Mother River”. With intelligence, hard work and determination, Chinese descendants pursue co­existence and common prosperity on this land. The 5,464­km­long Yellow River breaks the last barrier and flows into the broad plain, __8__ (form) the cradle (摇篮) of Chinese civilization. Till now, the Yellow River __9__ (raise) 13 dynasties' capital Luoyang, 8 dynasties' capital Kaifeng and the biggest economic center in __10__ (it) area — Zhengzhou. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黄河对早期黄河流域 人类文明产生的深远影响。 1．with　考查介词。中国是唯一一个拥有不间断的人类文明的国 家。此处表示“有”，故填介词 with。 2．where　考查关系副词。这片孕育了中华文明的肥沃土地就位 于河南省。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中 作地点状语，故填 where。 3．central　考查形容词。空处位于专有名词 Henan 前面，应填一 个形容词作定语，表示“中心的”。故填 central。 4．leaders　考查名词。中国最早的部落首领炎黄二帝诞生于此。 根据句意可知，此处应填复数名词 leaders“首领，领袖”。 5．proudly　考查副词。空处修饰动词 call，故用副词 proudly。 6．an　考查冠词。黄河在每一个中国人心中的地位都是不可动摇 的。position“位置”，是可数名词，此处表泛指，故填不定冠词；且 空处位于发音以元音音素开头的单词前，应用 an。 7．respected　考查非谓语动词。黄河受每代人的尊敬，被称为“母 亲河”。分析句子结构可知，respect 与 The river 之间为逻辑上的动宾 关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填 respected。 8．forming　考查非谓语动词。5 464 公里长的黄河冲破了最后的 壁垒，流入广袤的平原之中，形成了中华文明的摇篮。分析句子结构 可知，form 与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作结 果状语。 9．has raised　考查动词的时态。黄河孕育了 13 朝古都洛阳，8 朝古都开封以及其流域内最大的经济中心——郑州。由句中的时间状 语可知，此处应用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响。 10．its　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修 饰 area，故填 its。 Ⅱ.短文改错 This morning, I was walking on the streets when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looked puzzled. It seemed that they were lost. I went up and asked what I could help them. They told me they are looking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to nearest bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, who could take them there directly. They were appreciated my help greatly. Short after that, the bus came and we waved goodbye each other. Seeing them on the bus, we felt a kind of satisfaction. 答案：第一句：streets→street; looked→looking 第三句：what→how/if/whether 第四句：are→were 第五句：nearest 前加 the; who→which 第六句：去掉 were 第七句：Short→Shortly; goodbye 后加 to 第八句：we→I