2019届一轮复习译林版选修五Unit3Scienceandnature单元学案设计（26页）

2019届一轮复习译林版选修五Unit3Scienceandnature单元学案设计（26页）

‎2019届一轮复习译林版选修五Unit3Science and nature单元学案设计 话题词汇 ‎1．agriculture n．农业 ‎ ‎2．farming n．耕种 ‎3．village n．乡村 ‎4．rural adj.农村的 ‎5．farmer/peasant n．农民 ‎6．beach n．沙滩 ‎ ‎7．cut down trees 砍伐树木 ‎8．supply sth.to sb./supply sb.with sth.提供某物给某人 话题佳作 高三年级举办了一次讨论会，请你将活动情况写成一篇英文报道。‎ 活动时间 上周五 活动地点 学校报告厅 讨论主题 未来会是怎样的？‎ 参与对象 高三年级学生 讨论内容 乐观派 未来随着科技的发展，交通更方便；人类会过上更高质量的生活，寿命更长。‎ 悲观派 未来自然资源更少，耕地更少；环境污染更严重；交通事故更多。‎ 学生感受 当务之急是采取措施保护自然资源，减少环境污染。‎ 参考词汇：悲观的pessimistic 佳作欣赏 Last Friday，a discussion on the theme “What will the future be like？” was held among students in Senior Three in the lecture hall of our school.Some students are quite optimistic，believing that in the future，with the development of science and technology，transportation will be more convenient and human beings，who enjoy higher quality of life，will live much longer.However，other students，who are a little pessimistic，hold that in the future as natural resources further decrease，farmland will become less.What’s worse，pollution will be more serious and more traffic accidents will happen.After the discussion，we realize we should take immediate measures to protect natural resources and reduce environmental pollution.‎ 名师点睛 本文句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。文章一开头就提出了讨论的主题What will the future be like？然后就讨论的内容作了详尽的论述，最后是讨论后的感受。文中出现的宾语从句、定语从句、现在分词作伴随状语、不定式作目的状语等高级句式，以及however，what’s worse等关联词语的运用使文章行文连贯，过渡自然。‎ Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1．exact adj.精确的，准确的 ‎2．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳 adoption n．收养，领养；采用 adopted adj.收养的，领养的 ‎3．crime n．罪，罪行 ‎4．profession n．职业，行业 professional adj.职业的，专业的；n.专业人员 ‎5．relation n．关系；亲戚 relate vt.& vi.联系，把……联系起来；叙述，讲述 related adj.相关的，有联系的 ‎6．majority n．多数，大多数 major adj.主要的；多数的；vi.主修 ‎7．summary n．总结；概括，概要 ‎8．hunger n．饥饿；饥荒 ‎9．ordinary adj.普通的，一般的 ‎10. brief adj.短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，简单的 briefly adv.短暂地；简短地 ‎11．actual adj.真实的，实际的 actually adv.实际上；事实上 ‎12．favour n．赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒 ‎13. resource n．资源 ‎14．income n．收入，收益 ‎15．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐 ‎16．profit n．利润，收益；vi.&vt.获益；对……有用 ‎17．permission n．准许，许可，批准 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎18．clone vt.克隆；n.克隆出来的动物或植物 ‎19．intention n．意图，目的；企图 intend vt.& vi.打算，计划，想要 ‎20．anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑，不安 anxious adj.焦虑的，渴望的 anxiously adv.焦虑地 ‎21．legal adj.法律许可的，合法的 ‎22．physician n．医师；内科医生 ‎23．consequence n．结果，后果 consequent adj.随之而来的；作为结果的 consequently adv.因此，所以 ‎24．transform vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态 ‎25．concept n．概念；观念 ‎26．breakthrough n．突破 ‎27．original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的 origin n．起源；出身，来历 ‎28．judgement n．判断力；看法；评价；(法律)判决 judge vt.&vi.判断 ‎29．conduct vt.实施；指挥乐队 ‎30．consideration n．仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及 consider vt.&vi.考虑；认为 considerate adj.考虑周到的，体贴的 ‎31．nutrition n．营养 ‎32．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的 rely vi.依靠，依赖 ‎33．accurate adj.准确的，精确的 accurately adv.准确地，精确地 ‎34．confirm vt.&vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信 ‎35．agriculture n．农业 agricultural adj.农业的 ‎36．catastrophe n．灾难，灾祸 语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]‎ ‎1．The professor summarized(summary) his findings in his book.‎ ‎2．We should try to reform criminals(crime) through labour rather than punish them.‎ ‎3．Originally(original)belonging to Mr.Smith，the house and surrounding farmland were seized in 1889.‎ ‎4．He declared his intention(intend) to run for office.‎ ‎5．“The dog was very thin and hungry(hunger)，” Steve Tregear said.(2015·陕西)‎ ‎6．However，a plan can bear no fruit without being actually(actual) carried out.(2016·浙江)‎ ‎7．In my judgement(judge)，we should accept their apology.‎ ‎8．An important quality in a neighbor is consideration(consider) for others.(2014·湖南)‎ ‎1．on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……‎ ‎2．toy with戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏 ‎3．push ahead with义无反顾地进行，努力推进 ‎4．for sale供出售，待销售 ‎5．be/get burnt out耗尽体力，累垮 ‎6．up to取决于；到达(某数量、程度等)‎ ‎7．follow in one’s footsteps效仿某人 ‎8．take...into consideration认真考虑 ‎9．in favour of赞同，支持 语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]‎ Nowadays more and more scientists have the intention of cloning cows，goats and other animals.A physician even 1.follows in Ian Wilmut’s footsteps(效仿) to 2.push ahead with(努力推进) research in order to produce a cloned human body.Some people are 3.in favour of(赞同) it while others are against it.4.On the one hand(一方面)，they think if people 5.toy with(戏弄) nature in this way，it might result in catastrophes.6.On the other hand(另一方面)，this experiment will make a breakthrough in producing human organs and tissues，which profits humans’ health.‎ ‎1．as well as In China，scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals，as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment.‎ 在中国，科学家们除了致力于用于医疗方面的器官的克隆之外还致力于动物的克隆。‎ 仿写　一个政府的成功应该以人民的幸福和经济的发展这两个方面来衡量。‎ The success of a government should be measured in terms of the happiness of the people as well as the development of economy.‎ ‎2．more...than...‎ The boy was more frightened than hurt.‎ 这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。‎ 仿写　与其说他是医生还不如说他是作家．‎ He is more a writer than a doctor.‎ ‎3．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified(GM) food.‎ 转基因食品就是最好的例子。‎ 仿写　我以前从没听过比这更好的故事。‎ I have never heard a better story before.‎ ‎ consequence n．后果；结果 ‎(1)All around the world，we can see the consequences of this throwaway lifestyle.‎ 在全世界，我们都能看到这种一次性的生活方式所带来的后果。(2015·安徽)‎ ‎(2)We must take the consequences of our own deed.‎ 我们必须为自己的行为承担后果。‎ ‎(1)as a consequence＝in consequence＝as a result结果，因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of＝as a result of由于 take/suffer/face the consequences of承担……的结果/后果 ‎(be) of no/little consequence无足轻重；不重要 ‎(2)consequently adv.因此；必然地 基础知识训练——[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)该工厂被迫关门，结果800人失业。‎ The factory was forced to close；in consequence/as a consequence,800 people lost their jobs.‎ ‎(2)由于一场大火，该屋全毁。‎ As a/In consequence of a great fire the house was completely destroyed.‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(3)It rained yesterday.As a result the match was canceled.‎ ‎①It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was canceled.‎ ‎②It rained yesterday and as a consequence the match was canceled.‎ ‎ brief adj.短时间的；短暂的；简洁的；简单的 n．简要；摘要 ‎(1)I had a brief look at her report before the meeting.‎ 在会议之前我简短地看了一下她的报告。(剑桥词典)‎ ‎(2)To be brief，she was happy with that result.‎ 简而言之，她对那个结果感到满意。‎ ‎(1)in brief简单地说 to be brief简言之 ‎(2)briefly speaking简言之 briefly speaking等由“副词＋speaking”构成的短语可看成固定搭配，不再考虑其逻辑主语及和句子主语之间的关系。‎ ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Briefly(brief) speaking，I’m in support of your idea.‎ ‎(2)Here again are today’s headlines in brief.‎ ‎ confirm v．确认；证实；证明；使确信 ‎(1)The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.‎ 美国最后一只被证实的野生旅鸽于1900年在俄亥俄州派克县被一个男孩枪杀。(2014·新课标全国I)‎ ‎(2)The president confirmed him as secretary of state.‎ 总统任命他为国务卿。‎ confirm sb.as...批准某人担任……‎ It is/has been confirmed that...已经证实/确定……‎ ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)It has already been confirmed that the meeting will be held next week.‎ ‎(2)He was confirmed (confirm) as captain for the rest of the season yesterday.‎ ‎ favour n．帮助；偏爱，偏袒；恩惠；赞同；支持 v．喜爱；偏袒 ‎(1)I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I’d been given decades earlier. ‎ 我认为这是另一个报答别人恩惠的机会，这个恩惠早在数十年前就给予我了。‎ ‎(2)Paul，can I ask you a favour?‎ 保罗，能帮我一下吗？‎ ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.求某人帮一个忙 do a favour for sb.＝do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙 in favour of赞成，支持，主张 in one’s favour对某人有利 若favour之后跟有表示其具体内容的不定式或of doing sth.，则其前面必须用定冠词the。‎ 基础知识训练——[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)目前汇率对我们有利。‎ The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment.‎ ‎(2)他们中大多数人支持我的看法，然而大卫却反对。‎ Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)劳驾，请把窗户打开。‎ ‎①Do me the favour to open the window.‎ ‎②Do me the favour of opening the window.‎ ‎ push ahead with义无反顾地进行，努力推进 ‎(1)After careful consideration they decided to push ahead with the deal.‎ 经过仔细考虑后，他们决定坚决推动这笔交易的实现。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)We had to push our way through the crowd.‎ 我们必须从人群中挤过去。‎ push aside把……搁置一边，不考虑；不去想；推开……‎ push (one’s way) through挤过去；使(计划、方法等)获得通过 push over推翻，推倒 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Schools should push ahead with education for allround development.‎ ‎(2)You must push these negative thoughts aside to better cooperate with your team members.‎ ‎(3)The big tree was pushed over by the wind.‎ ‎ be/get burnt out耗尽体力；累垮 ‎(1)He was almost burnt out by the time he was 21.‎ 他21岁的时候就差不多已经江郎才尽了。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)Rumor has it that the factory was burned down.‎ 谣传那家工厂被大火烧毁了。‎ burn oneself/sb.out耗尽体力；累垮 burn...to the ground把……烧成平地 burn down把……烧毁；渐渐烧完 be burning to do sth.热切盼望做某事 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)You’ll burn yourself out if you work so hard.‎ ‎(2)She felt colder as the fire burned down.‎ ‎(3)The house was burnt to the ground.‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(4)He is eager to tell us his great success.(用burn短语改写)‎ He is burning to tell us his great success.‎ ‎ up to取决于；到达(某数量、程度等)‎ ‎(1)—What shall we do tonight then?‎ ‎—It’s up to you—whatever you want.‎ ‎——那么，我们今晚做什么呢？‎ ‎——你说了算——你想做什么都行。‎ ‎(2)You can play up to 30 games at one time.‎ 你可以一次进行多达30个游戏。‎ be up to (doing) sth.胜任(做)某事；适于(做)某事；正在忙于(做)某事 be up to sb.由某人决定 up to now到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)There is the only one of the oldest customs that has been kept(keep) in this district up to now.‎ ‎(2)I can take up to four people in my car.‎ ‎(3)He’s not really up to seeing(see) any visitors.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)他太小不能胜任这项工作。‎ ‎①He is so young that he can’t be up to the job.(up to)‎ ‎②He is so young that he can’t be qualified for the job.(qualify)‎ ‎③He is so young that he can’t be equal to the job.(equal)‎ ‎④He is so young that he can’t be fit for the job.(fit)‎ ‎ take...into consideration认真考虑；把……考虑在内 ‎(1)Your teachers will take your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams.‎ 你的几位老师在给你的考试评分时，会考虑到你最近生病这一情况的。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.‎ Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。‎ ‎(1)consideration n．仔细考虑；体谅，顾及；必须考虑的因素 under consideration在考虑中 ‎(2)considerate adj.考虑周到的；为(他人)着想的；体谅的，体贴的 ‎(3)consider v．认为；考虑 ‎(4)considering prep.考虑到；鉴于 ‎[用consider的正确形式填空]‎ ‎(1)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience，he might have done better.‎ ‎(2)I’ve always understood one should try to be considerate of other people.‎ ‎(3)The proposals are currently under consideration.‎ ‎(4)Everything taken into consideration，it’s practical.‎ ‎ exact adj.精确的；准确的 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)—So you gave her your phone?‎ ‎—Not exactly(exact)，she said she’d return it to me when she could afford her own.‎ ‎(2)He is exact in his result.‎ 名师点拨 ‎(1)be exact in在某方面精确 ‎(2)not exactly不完全；不全对；未必 ‎ adopt vt.收养；领养；采用；采纳 ‎[用adopt，adapt的正确形式填空]‎ ‎(1)The young couple had no children of their own and adopted a child.After a few months，the child came to adapt to his new life.‎ ‎[用adopt的正确形式填空]‎ ‎(2)Having adopted a new method，they worked more efficiently.‎ ‎(3)They treated their adopted son as their own son.‎ 名师点拨 adopt和adapt，一个字母之差，可以这样记：adopt中间字母为o，表示一张圆脸，一个可爱的孩子等待“收养”；adapt中间字母为a，表示“一”、“首先；起初”，一个人第一次到达陌生的地方必须学会“适应”。‎ ‎ transform vt.&vi.转化；转换；改造；变换 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)In the past 20 years the country has been transformed(transform) into an advanced industrial power.‎ ‎(2)She was transformed from a commonlooking adolescent into a pretty young woman.‎ ‎(3)Having been transformed(transform) into a powerful one，the firm decided to extend business to Europe.‎ ‎ profession n．职业，行业 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Would you consider a profession outside of acting?‎ ‎(2)She planned to become a professional(profession) athlete.‎ 名师点拨 professional adj.职业的；专业的；专门的 ‎ majority n．大部分；大多数 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)The majority was/were(be) in favor of the proposal.‎ ‎(2)The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were(be) students.‎ ‎(3)The majority of the damage is(be) easy to repair.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)我在大学里主修英语。‎ ‎①I’m an English major at university.‎ ‎②My major is English at university.‎ ‎③I major in English at university.‎ 名师点拨 ‎(1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。‎ ‎(2)“the/a majority of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。‎ ‎ The boy was more frightened than hurt.‎ 这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。‎ ‎(1)She was more sad than angry when her son lied again.‎ 当她的儿子再次说谎时，她的悲伤胜于愤怒。(英汉多功能词典)‎ ‎(2)This story is not more interesting than that one.‎ ‎＝This story is not so/as interesting as that one.‎ 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。‎ more...than...与其说……，倒不如说……‎ more than多于；不仅仅；非常；岂止 not more than不多于 no more than仅仅 no more...than＝neither...nor前者和后者都不……(两者的否定) not more...than＝not so/as...as不如；不及 基础知识训练——[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)Now the Ans’ corporation makes more than(超过) 20 million each year.(2015·安徽)‎ ‎(2)Generally，it contains no more than(仅仅) 75,000 entries，making it handy to carry to class and efficient to use.‎ ‎(3)The child was more frightened than hurt(与其说受伤了倒不如说被吓着了)．‎ ‎(4)We need more than(不仅仅) material wealth to build our country.‎ ‎(5)There are not more than 20(不超过20个) guests present.‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(6)He is very happy at the good news.(用more than改写)‎ He is more than happy at the good news.‎ ‎(7)Neither he nor you are diligent.(用no more...than...改写)‎ He is no more diligent than you.‎ ‎ Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM)food.‎ 转基因食品就是最好的例子。‎ ‎(1)There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.‎ 再没有什么比未能获得成功更令人疲倦的了。(2016·天津)‎ ‎(2)Autumn is better for reading than any other season.‎ 秋天比任何季节都适合读书。‎ ‎(3)—Do you think our basketball players played very well yesterday?‎ ‎—They couldn’t have done better.‎ ‎——你认为我们的篮球队员昨天打得很好吗？‎ ‎——他们打得再好不过了。‎ ‎(1)Nowhere...truer...意为“没有比这更好的了(这是最好的)”。此处是否定词和比较级连用表达最高级的意义。‎ ‎(2)最高级意义的多种表达法：‎ ‎①比较级＋than＋ ‎②否定词＋so/as＋形容词(副词)原级＋as ‎③否定词＋形容词(副词)比较级(＋than)‎ ‎④The＋形容词(副词)最高级 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)I never heard a better(good) voice.‎ ‎(2)No other building is as/so grand as the new hotel.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。‎ ‎①Tom is more intelligent than any other student in his class.‎ ‎②Tom is more intelligent than any of the other students in his class.‎ ‎③Tom is more intelligent than all the other students in his class.‎ ‎④Tom is more intelligent than anyone else in his class.‎ ‎⑤No one is as intelligent as Tom in his class.‎ ‎⑥No one is more intelligent than Tom in his class.‎ ‎⑦Tom is the most intelligent student in his class.‎ Ⅰ.教材与语法填空 With Dolly 1.cloned(clone) successfully from an adult cell，some other animals already 2.have been created(create)．Some scientists even have 3.the intention to clone humans and they are pushing ahead with research now,4.although/though it is not legal in many countries.China has succeeded in 5.producing(produce) clones of cows and goats.‎ Just 6.as the saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.” On the one hand，cloning can produce valuable human tissues and organs 7.to be used(use) in medical treatment.On the other hand，human cloning causes much 8.anxiety(anxious)．Some people say if we toy 9.with nature，we will have to deal with the 10.consequences(consequence)．‎ Ⅱ.教材与短文改错 After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources，many developed countries are now concerning about saving nature rather than developing or destroying them.Therefore，many poorer countries must focused on meeting the everyday needs of their people.In doing so，they are using up natural resources with a fast pace.Often they do not realize what the choices they make are bad to the environment.The developed and developing countries of the world need work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives，without the environment around them suffer.It should not be a question of humans winning but nature losing.Humans can only really win by protecting nature.‎ 答案 After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources，many developed countries are now about saving nature rather than developing or destroying .，many poorer countries must on meeting the everyday needs of their people.In doing so，they are using up natural resources a fast pace.Often they do not realize 或what the choices they make are bad the environment.The developed and developing countries of the world need work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives，without the environment around them .It should not be a question of humans winning nature losing.Humans can only really win by protecting nature.‎ Ⅲ.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于科学)‎ ‎1．科学家已在遗传学方面取得突破。‎ ‎2．他们已获得准确可靠的科学数据，这对人类是有益处的。‎ ‎3．医师们希望在不久的将来人们能活得更久更快乐。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，请使用which引导的非限制性定语从句。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ Scientists have made a breakthrough in genetics.They have gained accurate and reliable scientific data，which are beneficial to human beings.Physicians hope that in the near future people can live longer and happier.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．She toyed with her pen while she talked to me.‎ ‎2．Shopkeepers would carve into stone，clay，or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.‎ ‎3．Our teachers always tell us to believe in_what_we do and who we are if we want to succeed.‎ ‎4．In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.(2015·重庆)‎ ‎5．The bear behaved abnormally，probably because of hunger(hungry)．(2014·北京)‎ ‎6．Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration(consider) and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.(2015·陕西)‎ ‎7．The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have_been_adopted(adopt) by adult scientists.(2016·浙江)‎ ‎8．The majority(major) of them take an online language test before starting their programme.(2016·天津)‎ ‎9．I am the first one to_hear(bear) the news.‎ ‎10．He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 ‎(2017·四川双流中学月考)‎ A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly.The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new hightech integrated systems.Designed to do what a fly does naturally，the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.‎ ‎“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件)，” said Robert Wood，the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade.A few years ago，his team got the goahead to start piecing together the components.“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own，” he said.‎ They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly.“The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of ‎ interdependencies on the individual components，each of which individually has to perform well，but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to，” said Wood.The flight device was built into a set of power，computation，sensing and control systems.Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.‎ While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small，offboard power source，the goal is eventually to equip it with a builtin power source，so that it might someday perform datagathering work at rescue sites，in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield.“Basically it should be able to take off，land and fly around，” he said.‎ Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insectscale.Yet，the power，sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions，you know，to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals，but using these robots instead，” he said.“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”‎ 语篇解读　本文属于说明文。文章主要讲述的是哈佛大学的工程师们从自然界的昆虫那里得到了灵感，设计开发了第一款机器苍蝇，同时介绍了该项研究存在的困难、研究将要发展的方向和该研究会带来的好处。‎ ‎11．The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that ________.‎ A．they had no model in their mind B．they did not have enough time C．they had no readymade components D．they could not assemble the components 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own”可知，困难就是没有现成的组成部件，故选C。‎ ‎12．It can be inferred from Paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly ________.‎ A．consists of a flight device and a control system B．can just fly in limited areas at the present time C．can collect information from many sources D．has been put into wide application 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“While the first robotic flyer is linked to a small，offboard power source...‘Basically it should be able to take off，land and fly around’”可知，目前由于电池等的限制，只能在有限的区域飞行。故选B。‎ ‎13．Which of the following can be learned from the passage?‎ A．The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.‎ B．Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.‎ C．There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.‎ D．Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“you know，to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals，but using these robots instead”可知，有些试验用动物的话会很困难，但是可以用机器人来替代，故选D。‎ ‎14．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?‎ A．Father of Robotic Fly B．Inspiration from Engineering Science C．Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D．Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章的重要观点在第一段，主要讲述的是哈佛大学的工程师们从自然界的昆虫那里得到了灵感，设计开发了第一款机器苍蝇。Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect是合适的标题。故选C。‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2016·黑龙江佳木斯二中期中)‎ A group of graduates got together to visit their old university professor.The conversation soon turned into complaints about __15__ in work and life.To offer his __16__ coffee，the professor went to the kitchen and __17__ with a large pot of coffee and a __18__ of cups—porcelain，plastic，glass，crystal，some plainlooking，some expensive，some beautiful—telling them to __19__ themselves to the coffee.‎ When all the students had a cup of coffee in hand，the professor said，“If you have __20__，all the nicelooking expensive cups have been taken up，__21__ the plain and cheap ones.While it is __22__ for you to want only the best for yourselves，that is the __23___of your problems and stress.”‎ ‎“Be assured that the cup itself __24__ no quality to the coffee.__25__ it is just more expensive and in some cases __26__ hides what we drink.” “___27__ all of you really want is the coffee，not the cup，__28__ you consciously went for the best cups...And then you began __29__ each other’s cups.”‎ Now consider this: __30__ is the coffee; the jobs，money and position in society are the cups.They are just tools to hold and __31__ life，and the type of cup we have does not define，nor change the __32__ of life we live.Sometimes，by concentrating only on the cup，we __33__ to enjoy the coffee.Value the coffee，not the cups! Don’t let the cups __34__ you...enjoy the coffee instead.‎ 语篇解读　教授用杯子与咖啡来解释生活的意义和价值，我们很多人在生活中往往忽视了生活的价值，而去追求一些没有意义的事情，只会给自己带来巨大的压力。‎ ‎15．A.stress B．dream C．sorrow D．truth 答案　A 解析　根据第二段最后一句中的“of your problems and stress”可知这些人谈论的是工作以及生活中的压力，故选A项。stress压力；dream梦想；sorrow悲伤；truth真相。‎ ‎16．A.friends B．customers C．fellows D．guests 答案　D 解析　根据文章第一句“A group of graduates got together to visit their old university professor.”‎ 可知是一群毕业生来看望老师，对于老师来说他们都是自己的客人，故选D项。friend朋友；customer顾客；fellow伙伴；guest客人。‎ ‎17．A.carried B．returned C．arrived D．reached 答案　B 解析　教授走进了厨房，返回的时候手里拿着一大壶咖啡和很多杯子。故选B项。‎ ‎18．A.kind B．variety C．sort D．number 答案　B 解析　根据下文每个学生手里都有杯子可知老师拿出了很多杯子让学生喝咖啡，再根据破折号后的内容知选B项。a variety of各种各样的，符合语境。‎ ‎19．A.devote B．expose C．help D．absorb 答案　C 解析　本句是指老师让学生自己去喝咖啡，help oneself to...自行取用，故选C项。devote oneself to致力于，献身于；expose oneself to暴露于；absorb oneself to全神贯注于。‎ ‎20．A.searched B．witnessed C．noticed D．discovered 答案　C 解析　老师说：如果你们注意到所有的看起来昂贵的杯子都被拿走，剩下的只有一些看起来很普通很便宜的杯子，故选C项。search搜查；witness目击；notice注意；discover发现。‎ ‎21．A.leaving behind B．leaving over C．falling about D．falling behind 答案　A 解析　参考上题解析可知，只有A项符合语境。leave behind留下；leave over剩下(通常用于被动语态)；fall about捧腹大笑；fall behind落在后面。‎ ‎22．A.strange B．normal C．wonderful D．important 答案　B 解析　生活中追求最好的东西是很正常的，但这就是你压力的来源，故选B项。strange奇怪的；normal正常的；wonderful精彩的；important重要的。‎ ‎23．A.purpose B．answer C．source D．result 答案　C 解析　见上题解析，故选C项。purpose目的；answer答案；source来源；result结果。‎ ‎24．A.takes B．links C．passes D．adds 答案　D 解析　可以肯定的是，杯子本身不会增加咖啡的品质，即咖啡的品质不是由容器决定的，故选D项。add加，增加，符合语境。‎ ‎25．A.At no time B．At all times C．In no case D．In most cases 答案　D 解析　大部分情况下杯子只会让咖啡更加昂贵，有时候甚至(even)会掩盖杯子里的真正内容，人们只会注意杯子，不注意杯子的内容，故选D项。at no time决不；at all times一直；in no case决不；in most cases在大多情况下。‎ ‎26．A.ever B．even C．never D．hardly 答案　B 解析　参考上题解析。‎ ‎27．A.What B．That C．Which D．Whether 答案　A 解析　本句是一个主语从句，what引导这个主语从句，并在句中作宾语。你们真正想要的是咖啡，故选A项。‎ ‎28．A.but B．so C．and D．for 答案　A 解析　你们真正想要的是咖啡，但是你们有意去拿了最好的杯子。这会让你们真正所想的东西失去了意义，故选A项。‎ ‎29．A.suspecting B．liking C．praising D．eyeing 答案　D 解析　‎ 你们拿到了自己的杯子以后，甚至开始看别人的杯子，在进行比较。这更加让你们的生活有了压力，故选D项。suspect怀疑；like喜欢；praise表扬；eye注视。‎ ‎30．A.Love B．Life C．Future D．Failure 答案　B 解析　在本文中教授把咖啡比喻成生活，其他的工作、金钱、地位等是杯子。故选B项。‎ ‎31．A.contain B．create C．support D．own 答案　A 解析　contain包括；create 创造；support支持；own拥有。句意为：它们只是承载生活的工具，我们的杯子类型不会定义我们的生活，也不会改变生活的品质，故选A项。‎ ‎32．A.quantity B．style C．quality D．standard 答案　C 解析　参考上题解析。‎ ‎33．A.have B．manage C．plan D．fail 答案　D 解析　根据上下文可知我们把注意力集中到杯子上，就不能享受生活。fail to do sth.未能做某事，故选D项。‎ ‎34．A.envy B．drive C．force D．assess 答案　B 解析　不要成为杯子的奴隶，要好好品味杯中的咖啡。drive迫使，逼迫，故选B项。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 假设你是高三学生李华。你所在学校的英语协会将于十月三十号举办一场英语演讲比赛，请根据以下要点写一则英文通知，呼吁大家踊跃报名参加。‎ 要点如下：‎ ‎1．参加群体：高三年级全体学生；‎ ‎2．报名截止日期：十月十八号；‎ ‎3．比赛奖励：前三名由学校颁发荣誉证书；‎ ‎4．举办目的：激发大家学习英语的兴趣。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：荣誉证书certificate of honor 参考范文 NOTICE Dear students，are you eager to speak in public and be surrounded by applause？If your answer is yes，the English Association will help you realize your dream.With the aim of boosting our passion for English learning，an English speech contest is going to be held on October 30th.All Senior Three students are welcome to participate，and should sign ‎ up for it at the English Association office.The deadline is October 18th.The top three students in the contest will be presented with certificates of honor from the school.The contest is guaranteed to be enjoyable and rewarding for all its participants.Please join us!‎ The English Association