通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点五非谓语动词练习含解析

通用版2021高考英语一轮复习考点五非谓语动词练习含解析

考点五　非谓语动词 限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空 ‎1．The writer has won the hearts of millions of children with the rich stories ________ (draw) from her childhood memories.‎ 答案：drawn　句意：凭借着她从她的童年记忆中获取的丰富多彩的故事，那个作家赢得了很多小孩子的心。分析句子，由于句子已经出现了谓语动词has won，故空格处只能用非谓语动词；由于stories与draw之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎2．________ (receive) your purchases in time, make sure the express company knows your address exactly.‎ 答案：To receive　句意：为了及时收到你购买的物品，要确保快递公司准确地知道你的地址。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎3．________ (complete) his overseas study, he was eventually employed by his dream company.‎ 答案：Having completed　句意：他完成海外学习之后，最后被他梦寐以求的公司雇用了。complete和其逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，且此处分词的动作明显先于谓语动词的动作发生，故用现在分词的完成式作时间状语。‎ ‎4．This course is of great interest to students, ________ (hope) to improve their writing skills.‎ 答案：hoping　句意：学生对本课程有极大的兴趣，希望能提高他们的写作能力。此处是现在分词作目的状语。‎ ‎5．The young lady, ________ (make) several attempts to fix her cell phone, decided to have another try.‎ 答案：having made　句意：这位年轻的女士试图修好她的手机，她已经尝试好几次了，决定再试一次。make和其逻辑主语“The young lady”之间是主动关系，且该动作发生在主句谓语动词decided之前，故用动词ing形式的完成式作状语。‎ ‎6．Nowadays, more and more Chinese homes have the technology and equipment ________ (need) to do online shopping.‎ 答案：needed　句意：目前，越来越多的中国家庭拥有在线购物所需的技术和设备。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填needed。‎ ‎7．Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing, going to watch them ________ (perform) live is quite another.‎ - 14 -‎ 答案：being performed　句意：在家里的电视上看篮球比赛是一回事，去看现场比赛又是另外一回事。根据句意可知，“perform”与“them”之间为动宾关系，由live “现场地”可知表动作正在进行，应用现在分词的被动式being performed，作宾语them的补足语。‎ ‎8．________ (face) with a difficult situation, Amold decided to ask his boss for advice.‎ 答案：Faced　be faced with “面对着……”；本句中应使用短语faced with ... 对句子主语Amold的情况进行说明，且在句中作原因状语。句意：面对着艰难的形势，Amold决定向老板征询建议。‎ ‎9．________ (know) basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.‎ 答案：Knowing　句意：了解基本的急救技能将有助于你快速地对紧急情况作出反应。分析句子成分可知，谓语是will help，所以will前面的部分是主语，用动名词作主语，表示一般性的事实。‎ ‎10．________ (make) naturally by the skin when exposed to sunlight, vitamin D is needed for healthy bones, teeth and muscles.‎ 答案：Made　句意：当暴露在阳光下的时候，维生素D自然就在皮肤中形成了，它是健康的骨头、牙齿和肌肉所需要的。vitamin D和make之间是被动关系，故填Made。‎ ‎11．Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semiautobiographical, ________ (mirror) the fortunes of Cao's own family.‎ 答案：mirroring　句意：《红楼梦》被认为是一部半自传性质的小说，它反映了曹雪芹自己家族的命运。“Dream of the Red Chamber”和“mirror”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填mirroring。‎ ‎12．Anyone with an eye on the employment situation knew the assessment about economic recovery ________ (be) just around the corner was correct.‎ 答案：being　句意：任何关注就业形势的人都知道，有关经济即将复苏的评估是正确的。本句中含有一个宾语从句，即knew后面的部分，从句中，应用动名词的复合结构作介词about的宾语，故填being。‎ ‎13．The problem with the current system allows anyone to commit a similar crime without ________ (punish). It needs to be fixed.‎ 答案：being punished　句意：现行制度的问题是允许任何人犯下类似的罪行而不受惩罚，因此需要对其进行修改。介词后面跟动名词作宾语，另外“anyone”和“punish”之间存在被动关系，故填being punished。‎ ‎14．The 19th Party Congress drew up a blueprint for China's development in the next three decades and more. ________ (turn) this blueprint into reality, we must - 14 -‎ ‎ be downtoearth in our approach, take one step at a time as we move forward and deliver solid outcomes.‎ 答案：To turn　句意：中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会为中国未来三十年甚至更长的时间的发展制定了蓝图。要把这一蓝图变为现实，我们必须脚踏实地，稳步前进，取得坚实的成果。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎15．The young man, ________ (catch) in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual.‎ 答案：caught　句意：这个年轻人，在路上堵车了，比往常到家晚了一个小时。be caught in “陷入”，作状语时省掉be动词，此处为过去分词短语表原因。‎ ‎16．The educational reform is now under way throughout the country, ________ (grant) the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential.‎ 答案：granting　句意：全国正在进行教育改革，给了学生们更多发挥最大潜力的机会。“________ the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential”作状语，grant和其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，作结果状语。‎ ‎17．It is not necessary ________ (bargain) on this small amount.‎ 答案：to bargain　句意：没有必要为这么少的数额讨价还价。句中it作形式主语，空格处应用不定式作真正的主语，构成“It's＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构。‎ ‎18．It is a waste of time ________ (persuade) such a person to join us.‎ 答案：persuading　句意：劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。It is a waste of time doing sth.“做某事是浪费时间”。‎ ‎19．________ (dress) in her favorite skirt, she seemed to be more confident.‎ 答案：Dressed　句意：穿着她最喜欢的裙子，她看起来更自信了。be dressed in “穿着”，表示状态，本句中，过去分词短语“dressed in ...”作状语。‎ ‎20．With all my jobs ________ (do), I will go out for a picnic.‎ 答案：done　句意：所有的工作完成了，我将出去野餐。此处为with复合结构，本句中宾语my jobs和do之间存在被动关系，故填过去分词done表被动和完成。‎ ‎21．I'd like to see the plan ________ (carry) out.‎ 答案：carried　句意：我想看到这个计划被执行。plan与carry out之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。‎ ‎22．Almost all metals are good conductors, silver ________ (be) the best of all.‎ 答案：being　句意：几乎所有的金属都是良好的导体，其中银是最好的。句中的两部分由逗号分隔，无连词，逗号前面是含有谓语动词的句子；逗号后的部分有其主语silver，由此可推断，逗号后需要用独立主格形式。silver和be之间存在主动关系，故填being。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎23．Greatly ________ (encourage), agricultural researchers began to study this particular type of plant.‎ 答案：encouraged　句意：受到了极大的鼓舞，农业研究人员开始研究这种特殊的植物。agricultural researchers与encourage之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎24．She was the first woman ________ (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.‎ 答案：to win　句意：她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则用不定式作其后置定语。‎ ‎25．My friends are made ________ (laugh) by my little girl.‎ 答案：to laugh　句意：我的朋友们被我的小女儿逗笑了。使役动词(make, have, let)用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式符号to不能省略。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1．Several of us were asked to attend the meeting, as listing below.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：listing→listed　句意：我们中有几个人被要求参加这次会议，如下所列。此处表示“被列出”，所以用过去分词。‎ ‎2．Warned of danger in the street at night, the girl doesn't dare to go out without someone accompanied her.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：accompanied→accompanying　句意：她被警告晚上街上有危险，因而没有人陪同，这个女孩不敢出去。“someone”与“accompany”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作补语。‎ ‎3．Offered people food, housing and jobs is what a government should first consider after a natural disaster happens.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Offered→Offering　句意：在自然灾害发生后，给人们提供食物、住所和工作是政府应该首先考虑到的。从结构判断此处缺少主语，应该用动名词形式。‎ ‎4．After class, the teacher couldn't leave, surrounding by the students.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：surrounding→surrounded　句意：下课后，老师无法离开，因为被学生们围住了。the teacher与动词surround之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎5．As is known, only work hard leads to happiness.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：work→working　句意：众所周知，只有努力工作才能获得幸福。分析句子可知，此处作主语，表示一般性事实，故用动名词。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎6．Not received regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Not后加having　句意：由于没有接受过正规的护理培训，起初她几乎无法应付这份工作。receive与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，用v.ing形式。且receive发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，故用其完成式having received, not放在非谓语动词之前。‎ ‎7．Seating at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Seating→Seated　句意：在房间的后面坐着一个害羞的女孩，这个女孩长着两只大眼睛。本句是一个倒装句，seated为过去分词转化来的形容词作表语。‎ ‎8．Circumstances permit, he would not have cancelled the trip he had been longing for.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：permit→permitting　句意：如果情况允许的话，他就不会取消他一直渴望的旅行了。这里用“名词＋现在分词”构成独立主格结构，相当于If circumstances permit。‎ ‎9．The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laying for a meal to be cooked.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：laying→laid　with复合结构的构成是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，由于lay与table之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。‎ ‎10．In order to make herself be noticed, she put on a red hat. ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉be　句意：为了让自己被注意到，她戴了一顶红色的帽子。make sb. done “使某人被……”。‎ ‎11．The examinee who is caught cheated in the College Entrance Examination will get zero in this subject.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：cheated→cheating　句意：在高考中，被抓到作弊的考生，所考科目将会得零分。这里是catch sb. doing结构的被动形式，所以应把cheated改为cheating。‎ ‎12．When Mrs Clarke was making tea, she heard the sound of the door be pushed open.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：be→being　句意：当克拉克夫人正在泡茶的时候，她听到门正在被推开的声音。the door being done 为动名词复合结构在此作介词of的宾语。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎13．Imagine getting better grades after improve your study habits.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：improve→improving　介词after后应用动名词形式improving作宾语。‎ ‎14．He came in suddenly without permitted.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：permitted前加being　句意：没有经过允许，他就突然进来了。句子主语he和permit之间存在被动关系，且without后接动名词，因此应用动名词的被动形式being permitted。‎ ‎15．Comparing with Jim's house, mine is big.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Comparing→Compared　mine (my house)与compare之间存在被动关系，因此用过去分词compared作状语。‎ 非谓语动词(一)‎ 一、非谓语动词的各种形式 非谓语动词 形式 不定式 一般式：to do/to be done 进行式：to be doing 完成式：to have done/to have been done 否定式：not/never to do v.ing形式 一般式：doing/being done 完成式：having done/having been done 否定式：not doing v.ed形式 否定式：not done He is said to_be_studying abroad now.‎ He is said to_have_studied abroad for 3 years.‎ The students went out of the classroom, laughing_and_talking.‎ Having_finished my homework, I went to bed.‎ 二、非谓语动词作主语 ‎1．不定式作主语：往往表示一次性的、具体的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎2．动名词作主语：往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，有时也可用it作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型。‎ It is a great honor to_be_invited_to_speak_here.‎ Playing_the_piano is my hobby.‎ 注意：it作形式主语代替动名词，常出现在It is no use/good doing ..., It is useful doing ..., It is a waste of time doing ... 等句型里。‎ 三、非谓语动词作宾语 动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作宾语，但是不定式一般不作介词的宾语，如果作介词宾语，不定式符号to前面往往有疑问词。‎ ‎1．只跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)‎ afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, refuse, manage, hope, plan, want, fail, wish, ask, pretend, promise, happen, would like, set out等。‎ I can't afford_to_take_a_holiday this summer because of the project.‎ He determined_to_return_home early.‎ ‎2．只跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)‎ advise, admit, advocate, allow, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, delay, deny, consider, miss, fancy, finish, forbid, practise, imagine, suggest, escape, resist, risk, mind, feel like, insist on, set about等。‎ It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped_being_killed in a traffic accident.‎ Do you feel_like_going_out for a walk?‎ ‎3．跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，且意义差别不大的动词 like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start, intend等动词后面接动词不定式多指具体的动作；接动名词多指一般或习惯性行为。‎ She started_playing/to_play the violin when she was four.‎ ‎4．跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词 在以物为主语的句子中，且作“需要”讲时，need, want, require后接v.ing形式和不定式形式所表示的意义相同，但是v.ing形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。‎ Your Tshirt needs_washing/to_be_washed.‎ My bicycle wants_repairing/to_be_repaired.‎ ‎5．跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，但是意义不同的动词 try　　mean forget/remember regret go on stop - 14 -‎ can't help 限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空 ‎1．(2020·湖北省孝感市第一中学高三年级月考)Eating soil can produce more effective results ________ (compare) to eating slimming pills, claimed researchers from an Australian university.‎ 答案：compared　句意：澳大利亚的一个研究团队声称，吃土可能比吃减肥药的效果更好。“compare”与其逻辑主语“eating soil”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式compared作状语。‎ ‎2．(2020·广东省实验中学高三上学期英语第一次段考)Alibaba improved six places from 2014, ________ (rank) second among business students.‎ 答案：ranking　rank和Alibaba是主动关系所以用现在分词作伴随状语，故填ranking。‎ ‎3．(2019·北京高考)Earth Day, ________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.‎ 答案：marked　本句是主系表结构，已有谓语is，空格处填非谓语动词形式。mark在这里是“庆祝，纪念(重要事件)”之意，是及物动词，Earth Day与之是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。‎ ‎4．(2019·天津高考)________ (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.‎ 答案：Learning　空格处在主句中作主语，应该用动名词形式，因此填Learning。‎ ‎5．(2019·天津高考)Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.‎ 答案：designed　a course与design是被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎6．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don't have to run fast or for long ________ (see) the benefit.‎ 答案：to see　句意：为了证实跑步的好处，你不必跑得太快或者太久。用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎7．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running. ‎ 答案：dying　作介词of的宾语，使用动名词，故填dying。‎ ‎8．(2018·天津高考)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take)．‎ - 14 -‎ 答案：taken　have sth. done “让……被做”，photograph与take之间为被动关系，故用taken。‎ ‎9．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ________ (challenge)．‎ 答案：looking; challenged　avoid后接动名词作宾语，avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。feel为系动词，后接形容词，此处表“被挑战的”，修饰人，故用challenged。‎ ‎10．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He was just saying：“I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder！” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch.‎ 答案：to stay　此处allow sb. to do sth.是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填to stay。‎ ‎11．(2018·浙江高考)I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.‎ 答案：visiting　此处作remember的宾语，表示“记得做过某事”，后面应该使用visiting。‎ ‎12．(2019·长春实验中学期末)Don't get ________ (depress) by a big, longterm goal—see what steps you can take to achieve it. ‎ 答案：depressed　句意：不要对宏伟长期的目标感到压抑——看看你能采取什么措施实现这个目标。根据前面的get可知，此处是“get＋过去分词”的结构，故使用depressed。‎ ‎13．(2019·福建百所重点学校高三联考) ________ (use) a different mental approach might help explain why people with math anxiety struggle more with complex problems. ‎ 答案：Using　根据空格和整个句子的结构可知，此处缺少主语，故使用动名词using和后面的a different mental approach构成短语一起作主语，表示一种概念、习惯和经验。‎ ‎14．(2018·浙江高考)While regularly eating out seems to ________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.‎ 答案：have become　此处seem to后面跟动词原形，但是从后面的“in recent years”可知填不定式的完成式，故填have become。‎ ‎15．(2018·北京高考)________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.‎ 答案：Travel(l)ing　句意：沿着丝绸之路旅游是一个有趣又有回报的经历。分析句子的结构，句子中缺少主语，故填Travel(l)ing。‎ ‎16．(2018·北京高考)During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather - 14 -‎ ‎ together ________ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.‎ 答案：to share　句意：在中秋节期间，家人们经常聚集在一起来吃饭、赏月和吃月饼。句子的谓语是gather，空格处用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎17．(2018·北京高考)Ordinary soap, ________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.‎ 答案：used　句意：普通肥皂，如果正确地使用，能够有效地对付细菌。空格处的动词use与前面的soap构成动宾关系，指肥皂被使用，故填used作状语。‎ ‎18．(2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not ________ (know) where she was heading.‎ 答案：knowing　句意：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道要去哪里。know与其逻辑主语Jane之间是主动关系，且know表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，因此用现在分词knowing，表伴随。‎ ‎19．(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated.‎ 答案：allowing　句意：这家医院近期获得了新的医疗设备，这让更多的病人可以接受治疗。allow与其逻辑主语The hospital之间是主动关系，所以要用v.ing形式作结果状语。‎ ‎20．(2017·江苏高考)Many Chinese brands, ________ (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ 答案：having developed　句意：很多中国的品牌，历经几个世纪树立了良好声誉，正在面临来自现代市场的新挑战。develop的逻辑主语是Many Chinese brands，两者之间为主动关系，同时后面有时间状语over centuries，因此用现在分词的完成式，即having done的形式。‎ ‎21．(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ (range) from butterflies to elephants.‎ 答案：ranging　句意：国家公园里有一大批的野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据语境可知，此处用现在分词形式作定语，表示“包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物”。‎ ‎22．(2019·江苏高考) ________ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.‎ 答案：To enjoy　句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎23．(2018·天津高考)I didn't mean ________ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help ________ (try) it.‎ 答案：to eat; trying　句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但是这冰激凌看起来如此好以至于我忍不住吃了它。固定短语mean to do “打算做”， couldn't help doing “忍不住做”。‎ - 14 -‎ ‎24．(2018·江苏高考)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, ________ (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.‎ 答案：exceeding　句意：在这期间，新增就业岗位约13,500个，超过市场分析师认为的预期数量12,000。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来的自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填exceeding。‎ ‎25．(2019·江苏高考)China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.‎ 答案：recognizing　句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。more countries与recognize 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作with复合结构中的宾语补足语。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1．(2019·昆明市高三摸底)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night avoid human beings, a new study finds.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：avoid前加to　句意：一项新的研究发现，狮子、老虎以及其他的动物在夜间保持清醒旨在避开人类。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故avoid前加to。‎ ‎2．(2019·惠州高三第一次调研)After purchase seedlings, we chose a place where the seedlings could get proper water and sunshine.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：purchase→purchasing　介词after后应跟动词ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎3．(2018·北京高考)In my first P．E. class, the teacher required us run laps and then hit a softball.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：run前加to　require sb. to do sth. “要求某人做某事”，此处使用不定式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎4．(2018·江苏高考)With a new farm bill debating in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：debating→to be debated　此处为“with＋名词＋不定式”的复合结构。分析句意，指法案将在国会进行辩论，bill与debate之间存在着被动关系，且表动作还未发生，故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎5．(2018·浙江高考)Move into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ - 14 -‎ 答案：Move→Moving　此处用动名词作主语，表示一般性的概念或经验，故将Move改为Moving。‎ ‎6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：wait→waiting　主语Everyone与wait之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，因此将wait改成waiting。‎ ‎7．(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期英语摸底考试)The old saying is worth to follow.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：to follow→following　worth doing sth. “值得做某事”，为固定用法。‎ ‎8．(2020·河南省八市重点中学高三领军考试)Despite botanically to be a fruit, it's generally eaten and prepared like a vegetable.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：to be→being　despite为介词，后面应跟动名词，故将to be改为being。‎ ‎9．(2020·广东省实验中学高三段考)Most restaurants have a policy against give away food waste.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：give→giving　against是介词，后接动名词作宾语。‎ ‎10．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When being combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”．‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉being　因为combine与其逻辑主语frozen bananas之间是被动关系，用过去分词combined，故being多余。‎ ‎11．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ改编)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations are expensive performing consistently over a large area.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：performing→to perform　此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表被动含义。‎ ‎12．(2019·江苏高考)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflects man's intelligence and creativity.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：‎ - 14 -‎ reflects→reflecting　句意：城市是人类双手和思想的产物，反映了人类的智慧和创造力。句子已有谓语is，且无连词，再次出现动词需用非谓语形式。reflect与其逻辑主语A city之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎13．(2020·河南省八市重点中学高三领军考试)It is not appropriate heating tomatoes at high temperatures for a long time.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：heating→to heat　appropriate to do sth. “适合做某事”为固定用法。‎ ‎14．(2020·天一大联考皖豫连盟体高三上学期第一次考试)Kiwis are a national symbol of New Zealand, with the name kiwi associating with many things in New Zealand.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：associating→associated　此处是“with＋名词＋分词”结构，由于kiwi与动词短语associate with之间是被动关系，因此应该用associate的过去分词形式associated。‎ ‎15．(2020·山西省祁县中高三月考)Why are we not treated sometimes as expecting?‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：expecting→expected　as expected意为“正如所想的那样”，是状语从句的省略，补充完整为“as it is expected”。句意：为什么我们有时得不到预期的待遇？故将expecting改为expected。‎ 非谓语动词(二)‎ 四、非谓语动词作表语 ‎1．不定式：表示某一特定行为，尤其是将来的或有待实现的行为。‎ ‎2．动名词：具有动作性特征的名词，具有动词的某些变化形式，用法及功能与名词类同。‎ ‎3．现在分词：表示主语具有的特征。‎ ‎4．过去分词：表示主语的感受或所处的状态。‎ My wish is to_be a scientist.‎ The reason he gave was very convincing.‎ He is shocked at what happened to his son.‎ 五、非谓语动词作补足语 ‎1．不定式：表示动作的全过程或经常性、反复性。‎ ‎2．现在分词：表示一个主动、正在进行的动作。‎ ‎3．过去分词：表示一个被动或完成的动作。‎ The mother urged the little boy to_go_to_bed.‎ I caught him reading_my_private_letters.‎ He went home happily with his homework finished.‎ 表示“看”(look at, notice, observe, see, watch)，“听”(listen to, hear)，“感觉”(feel)意义的动词(短语)和使役动词(make, have,‎ - 14 -‎ ‎ let)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to。‎ 六、非谓语动词作定语 ‎1．不定式：一般位于被修饰词之后，表示发生在谓语动词之后的动作。‎ ‎2．动名词：一般位于被修饰词之前，说明被修饰词的用途。‎ ‎3．现在分词：表示主动、正在进行的意义。‎ ‎4．过去分词：表示被动、完成的意义。‎ Are you going to attend the meeting to_be_held_in_the_hall?‎ Ladies and gentlemen, please go and wait in the_meeting_room.‎ There is much that can be done about the problem arising_from_carelessness.‎ Most of the people invited_to_the_party were famous scientists.‎ 七、非谓语动词作状语 不定式作结果状语常表示“出乎意料”的结果，而现在分词作结果状语常表示“自然而然”的结果。此外，不定式还可作目的、原因状语等；现在分词还可表示时间、原因、伴随等情况；过去分词还可表示时间、原因、方式、条件等。‎ To_pass_the_College_Entrance_Exam,_we must work hard.‎ The plane crashed, killing_all_the_people_on_board.‎ Encouraged_by_his_teacher,_he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.‎ 八、独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，若不一致，则非谓语动词需带有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。‎ The_students_seating_themselves,_the professor began his lecture.‎ Her_glasses_broken,_she couldn't see the road clearly.‎ - 14 -‎