【英语】2019届二轮复习考点理清(一)—谓语动词的3大关注点(时态、语态、主谓一致)（6页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习考点理清(一)—谓语动词的3大关注点(时态、语态、主谓一致)（6页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习考点理清(一)—谓语动词的3大关注点(时态、语态、主谓一致)‎ 时态问题 方法1　通过“时态定义”解决时态问题 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2019届高三·成都模拟)The graduation ceremony itself takes place at the end of May or beginning of June, which usually ___63___ (include) music awards, and a guest speaker.‎ 分析：本句表示经常做的事情，应用一般现在时，故填includes。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2019届高三·洛阳联考)It was March when my brother and his wife __66__ (expect) their second boy.‎ 分析：表示过去某一阶段持续的动作，应用过去进行时，故填were expecting。‎ 方法2　通过“标志性状语”解决时态问题 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2019届高三·济南模拟)I made my first visit to China in 2008 and last year, I__61__ (be) lucky enough to take part in an event called “Shanxi in the eyes of foreigners”．‎ 分析：句中有表示时间的标志性状语last year，判定应用一般过去时，故填was。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2019届高三·德州模拟)Its success is very encouraging in today's television world where reality shows __69__ (play) a leading part so far.‎ 分析：so far表示“迄今为止”，与其匹配的时态是现在完成时，故填have played。‎ 方法3　通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2019届高三·成都模拟)However, when the shine and excitement of the presents and the parties began to wear off, the young princess found that her handsome young husband wasn't as wonderful as she __66__(expect)．‎ 分析：主句的时态为一般过去时，expect表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故填had expected。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2019届高三·押题卷一)I can say honestly that our journey to China is an unforgettable experience that __70__ (remember) and looked back on fondly by all of us.‎ 分析：空前that指代an unforgettable experience，且与remember之间是被动关系，再结合前面is可知，应用一般将来时，故填will be remembered。‎ 方法4　通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，正确理解语境也是解决时态问题 的一条行之有效的方法。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2019届高三·六盘山模拟)A group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them __61__ (fall) into a hole.‎ 分析：根据第一个并列分句中的谓语动词were traveling可知，此处应用一般过去时表示短暂动作，故填fell。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2019届高三·六安模拟)The ass found that he __65__ (fall) into worse hands.‎ 分析：宾语从句的谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，表示“过去的过去”，故填had fallen。‎ 方法5　通过“常用句式”解决时态问题 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此要熟记一些常用句式。‎ ‎[典例1]　The hall was dark when I came in; the show was about __66__ (begin)．‎ 分析：此处考查be about to do sth.意为“马上就要做某事”，故填to begin。‎ ‎[典例2]　One day I __66__ (read) a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda's married name.‎ 分析：考查句式be doing ...when ...，再根据One day可判断应用过去进行时，故填was reading。‎ 语态问题 方法　通过“逻辑关系”解决语态问题 有时候做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注，但往往忽略了语态，因此我们可以采用“先语态、后时态”的方式。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might __62__ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.‎ 分析：情态动词后跟动词原形，但此处might后能填make吗？通过分析可知，elegant chopsticks与make之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be made。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah __63__ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.‎ 分析：此处句子的意思应为“有人告诉过Sarah，她可能是英国的一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元”，故句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。由从句的谓语动词could be可知此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填has been told/was told。‎ 主谓一致问题 方法1　通过“语法一致”原则解决主谓一致问题 ‎1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎2．在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。‎ ‎3．单个的动名词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎4．主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food __67__ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ 分析：此处句子的主语fast food是不可数名词短语，故谓语动词应用单数，再根据行文时态，可知填is。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable.‎ 分析：此处句子的主语是单个的动名词短语leaving the less important things until tomorrow，故谓语动词应用单数，再结合时态，可知填is。‎ 方法2　通过“意义一致”原则解决主谓一致问题 ‎1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。‎ ‎2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·衡水中学模拟)98% of the surface __65__ (cover) permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline.‎ 分析：本句主语为“分数＋of＋名词”，其中名词the surface为单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式，又根据句意，此处描述客观事实且表示“被覆盖”，故填is covered。‎ 方法3　通过“就近一致”原则解决主谓一致问题 由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but also ...等连接的并列主语或者在there be句型中，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·西安模拟)Not only Jasper but also his friends __62__ (be) planning to go, because they have never been there before.‎ 分析：主语由not only ...but also连接，谓语动词应与his friends保持一致，再结合本句时态，可知应填are。‎ ‎[特别提醒]‎ 特殊动词特殊对待 有些动词(短语)的用法特殊，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。对此熟练掌握是准确解题的前提。‎ ‎[典例1]　The festival __64__ (date) back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC－AD 220)．‎ 分析：date back to意为“追溯到”，没有被动语态，且常与一般现在时连用，故填dates。‎ ‎[典例2]　It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write __64__ (belong) to all people.‎ 分析：主句为It is about taking action to show the world，that引导宾语从句，其中主语是the right to read and write，belong to为从句的谓语，它不用于进行时和被动语态，故填belongs。‎ ‎[即时强化训练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·泉州模拟)They looked at more than 200 studies of the content and associated_ (associate) health gains of organic and nonorganic food.‎ ‎2．(2019届高三·贵阳监测)It was believed that after the Nian ate (eat) the food they prepared, it wouldn't attack people any more.‎ ‎3．(2018·六安模拟)In terms of the “new four great inventions”， Charlie Dai, principal analyst of American market research company Forrester, said, “So far these products and services have_improved (improve) customer experience, promoting national and global economy at the same time.”‎ ‎4．(2019届高三·太原阶段性测评)Furthermore, the amount of sleep has_changed (change) greatly over the past 15 years.‎ ‎5．(2018·广州模拟)Even today, classic poems are_appreciated (appreciate) by a lot of people. ‎ ‎6．(2018·柳州模拟)When the publisher introduced the The Legend of the Condor Heroes, it _was_referred (refer) to as a Chinese version of Game of Thrones (《权力的游戏》). ‎ ‎7．(2018·南宁模拟)The word was_created (create) about 50 years ago by former Vogue editor Diana Vreeland, who used it to describe young people's impact on fashion and music.‎ ‎8．(2019届高三·临沂模拟)Nonaka grew up in a large family and_succeeded (succeed) his parents running the inn.‎ ‎9．(2019届高三·贵阳监测)The festival traditionally begins (begin) on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and ends with Lantern Festival which/that is on the 15th day.‎ ‎10．(2018·成都模拟)This sport became (become) more popular in the 1990s when many films were made on it.‎ ‎11．(2019届高三·福州四校联考)It always lifts (lift) my spirits, but now I know that it is an ‎ act of gratitude (感激) to the musicians and the music.‎ ‎12．(2018·玉溪模拟)At the end of December, the library's old and classic books will_be_put (put) online too, making the total number of books available and bringing borrowers a lot of convenience.‎ ‎13．(2018·内江三模)The same belief in the value of cultural exchanges is_shared/has been_shared (share) by the two festivals.‎ ‎14．(2018·重庆三模)From now on, instead of seeing the usual black rubbish cans all over the school, you will_see (see) three different colors of rubbish cans.‎ ‎15．(2018·郑州质检)In general, preparing for new debate topics usually includes (include) brainstorming arguments, researching a resolution (解决), and doing debate practice.‎ ‎16．(2018·遵义模拟)The word“renaissance”_comes (come) from Latin and means “to be born again”．‎ ‎17．(2018·宣城二模)The humble (谦逊的) man refused (refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should.‎ ‎18．(2018·重庆模拟)In many ancient cultures, 12 was_considered (consider) to be a perfect number.‎ ‎19．(2019届高三·烟台模拟)Part of the reason why releasing balloons is_permitted (permit) in so many places is that some balloons do break down eventually.‎ ‎20．(2018· 南昌模拟)Facial recognition technology_has_been_extended (extend) into many areas of school life so far.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·南宁模拟)Jack lives in a small town in England. He usually stayed in his own country during the holidays.stayed→stays ‎2．(2018·遵义模拟)Last summer, I went hiking in the Yellow Mountain with my friends. Everything goes well at first but something terrible happened later.goes→went ‎3．(2018·南阳模拟)When my English teacher told me that I had chosen as a competitor, I devoted myself to the preparation.had后加been ‎4．(2018·大庆模拟)We can chat a lot online or face to face, which really worked.worked→works ‎5．(2019届高三·黄冈模拟)It was at the Red Store that I found a broken rocking chair and put it in the back of my truck. The seat is split into two, from front to back.is→was ‎6．(2018·沙市模拟)This morning, I, together with my parents, go to the secondhand book market near my home.go→went ‎7．(2018·南昌模拟)Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We had brought to our classroom wornout clothes, pieces of cardboard, and turned those into dolls,‎ ‎ handbags, tissue boxes and small vases.去掉had ‎8．(2018·新余模拟)Many of the students feel strongly against the rule, arguing that the mobile had become a necessary part of our life._had→has ‎9．(2019届高三·赤峰模拟)My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed”. It mean that true friends always come to you when you are in trouble.mean→means ‎10．(2018·成都模拟)How can I persuade them to accept the fact that I had grown up？had→have