高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit2TheUnitedKingdom教师用书新人教版必修5

高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit2TheUnitedKingdom教师用书新人教版必修5

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 1．consist vi. 组成；在于；一致 2．quarrel n．& vi. 争吵；争论；吵架 3．accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现 4．fold vt. 折叠；对折 5．furnish vt. 装备；(用家具等)布置(房间、公寓)；提供 →furnished adj. 配备好装备的；带家具的 6．unite vi.&vt. 联合；团结 →united adj. 团结的；联合的 →union n. 联合；联盟；结合；协会 7．convenient adj. 方便的 →convenience n. 便利；方便 8．arrange vt. 筹备；安排；整理 →arrangement n. 布置；整理 9．describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘 →description n. 描写；描述 10．possible adj. 可能的；合理的 →impossible adj. 不可能的 →possibility n. 可能(性) 11．attract vt. 吸引；引起注意 →attraction n. 吸引；吸引力 →attractive adj. 有吸引力的 12．delight n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt. 使高兴；使欣喜 →delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的 →delightful adj. 令人高兴的 13．rough adj. 粗糙的；粗鲁的 →roughly adv. 粗糙地；粗略地 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 14．enjoy vt. 享受；喜欢 →enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 15．alike adj. 相同的；类似的 16．currency n. 货币；通货 17．royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的 18．statue n. 塑像；雕像 19．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 20．sightseeing n. 观光；游览 21．plus prep. 加上；和 adj. 加的；正的；零上的 22．clarify vt. 澄清；阐明 23．splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的 24．error n. 错误；过失；谬误 高频短语——会默写 1．consist of 由……组成 2．divide...into 把……分成 3．break away(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离 4．to one's credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下 5．leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 6．break down (机器)损坏；破坏 7．refer to 谈到；说到；参考；涉及 8．take the place of 代替 9．keep one's eyes on 留心看 10．in memory of 纪念 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 1.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.(“find ＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构) 1.使我非常吃惊的是，我打开抽屉时发现我 的信被撕成碎片了。 Much to my surprise, I found my letters torn into pieces after I opened the drawer. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 2.Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.(worried about...为过去分词短 语作状语) 2.在森林中迷了路，我们不得不待在原地等 待救援。 Lost in the forest, we had to remain where we were，waiting for help. 3.It looked splendid when first built! (状语从句的省略) 3. 工人们不该对这次事故负责，因为他们只 是 按 要 求 执 行 了 计 划 。 The workers shouldn't be responsible for the accident，because they just carried out the plan as told. 4.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.(It seems/seemed strange that... (should) do...句型) 4.奇怪的是举止那么好的绅士竟然对那位老 太太无礼。 It is strange that the well behaved gentleman should be so rude to that old lady. 5.It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.(It＋be＋n. ＋that 从句，it 作形式主语) 5.遗憾的是他没有足够的钱开展这个计划。 It is a pity that he doesn't have enough money to carry out the project. 精讲 4 个考纲单词 attract vt.吸引；引起注意 [高考佳句] Any smell might attract natural enemies that would try to eat the little panda.(2016 年四川高考·语法填空)任何气味都可能吸引自然界的敌人来试图吃掉 可爱的小熊猫。 (1)attract one's attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力 attract sb.to sth. 吸引某人关注某事 (2)attraction n. 有趣的东西；吸引人之物 (3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起 注意的；引起兴趣的 ①Recently，the TV program Running Man has attracted many people's attention. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 近来，电视节目《奔跑吧，兄弟》吸引了很多人的注意力。 ②Most tourist attractions(attract) in China are littered, the worst of which is this lake.在中国，大多数旅游景点到处是垃圾，这个湖是最差的一个。 ③Mount Tai is attractive (attract) to tourists for its beautiful scenery and historical sites. 泰山的风景名胜和历史古迹对旅游者很有吸引力。 [链接写作] 句式升级 ①She was attracted by the beauty of nature． 她被大自然的美所吸引。 ②The girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. 来自伦敦的小女孩决定在农场多住两天。 ③Attracted by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.(把①②句升级，用分词作状语) convenience n．便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施 [教材原句] England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.英格兰是四个国家中最大的，为方便起见，它 大体上分成三个区。 (1)for convenience 为了方便起见 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候 (2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事 (3) inconvenience n. 不方便；不便 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 ①If you are interested，please send an application email at your earliest convenience.(2015 年陕西高考·书面表达)如果你感兴趣，请尽早发申请邮件。 ②The secretary arranged a convenient(convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview. 秘书为参加面试的求职者安排了合适的时间和地点。 ③Will it be convenient for you to chat with me on the Internet tonight? 你今晚方便和我网上聊天吗？ [名师点津] convenient 作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用 it 作形式 主语。“当你方便的时候”应用 when it is convenient for you 表示，而不是 when you are convenient。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理 [高考佳句] Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.(福建高考·书面表达)父母为孩子准备一切，不遗余 力地为他们的成功铺路。 (1)arrange sth.for sb. 为某人安排某事 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 arrange for...to do sth. 安排……做某事 arrange that... 商定……；安排…… (2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备 make arrangements for 为……安排 ①I have arranged for Tom to pick up the experts at the airport. 我已安排汤姆开车去机场接专家们。 ②If you are interested，please sign up at the office before 5：00 p．m. next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements(arrange)． 若感兴趣，请在下周四下午 5 点前到办公室签名，以便于我们做些必要的安排。 delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt.使高兴；使欣喜 [高考佳句] What delighted the fans was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.(湖北高考·完成句子) 令球迷欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。 (1)delight sb.with sth. 用某物使某人高兴 (2)take(great)delight in 以……为乐 to one's delight 使某人高兴的是 (3)delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的 be delighted at/by 为……而高兴 be delighted to do sth. 为做某事而高兴 ①To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015 年福建高考·单项填空)令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加 开幕式。 ②The professor was delighted to find(find) that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently.(2015 年湖北高考·完成句子)教授高兴 地发现学生们已独立地完成了该项目三分之二的工作。 【导学号：30892117】 [链接写作] 一句多译 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 我很高兴应邀前来贵校给大家讲述有关奥运会的历史及其意义。 ①I am delighted(delight) to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games. ②Much to my delight，I have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games. ③What delights me is that I have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games. ④What makes me delighted is that I have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games. 诠释 3 个核心短语 consist of 由……组成 [高考佳句] Listening is thus an active，not a passive，behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.(2015 年浙江高考·单项填空) 聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动的接受，它包括听、理解和记忆。 (1) be made up of be composed of 由……组成 (2)consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于 consist with 与……一致/相符 Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.(2014 年福建高考·书面表达) 成功在于经历失败而继续努力的能力。 [名师点津] 由 consist 组成的几个短语虽然都具有及物性，但是不能用于被动语态和 进行时态。 [链接写作] 一句多译 由 15 家小工厂组成的这家公司正面临着严重的财政危机。 ①The company that/which consists of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. (定语从句) ②The company that/which is made up of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. (定语从句) ③The company consisting of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. (现在分词作定语) ④The company made up of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. (过去分词作定语) take the place of 代替；取代 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 [经典例句] I think that nothing can take the place of hard work.我认为没有 什么能够取代努力工作。 (1)take place 发生；举行(不及物动词短语，无被动语态) (2)take one's place 跻身于；任某人的职务；取代某人 (3)in place of 代替；取代 (4)in place 在适当的位置 out of place 不适当的；不在适当的位置上 ①She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant took the place of her. →She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant took her place. 她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。 ②As we all know，the 31st Summer Olympics took place in Brazil in 2016.众所 周知，2016 年第 31 届夏季奥运会是在巴西举行的。 break down (机器)出故障；破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂；(身体)垮掉；划分 [一词多义] 写出下列句中 break down 的含义 ①On the way home，our car broke down，which made us very upset. 出故障 ②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. 失败，破裂 ③(2015 年湖北高考·完形填空)He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers. (身体)垮掉 ④To understand the grammar of the sentence，you must break it down into parts. 划分 break off 中断；折断 break into 闯入 break out 爆发；发生 break up 驱散；分散；打碎；分手 ⑤The room is in a mess.It must have been broken into． 房间又脏又乱，一定有人破门而入了。 突破 1 个高考句型 (教材 P14)It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London． 这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。 本句中的 should 意为“竟然”。在 It is/was/seems/seemed strange(necessary， natural，important，a pity，a shame)that...句型里，that 引导的主语从句的谓语动词 常用虚拟语气，形式为“should do/have done”，should 可以省略。 ①It is strange that the fridge we just bought should have broken down. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 真奇怪，我们刚买的冰箱竟然坏了。 ②It is a great pity/shame that the young man should miss(miss) such a golden opportunity. 真可惜，这位年轻人竟会失去这样一个绝好的机会。 [链接写作] 完成句子 我们会因不时的失败而痛苦这是事实。但是，重要的是我们不应该失去继续尝试的热情。 (2014 年福建高考·书面表达) It is true that we may suffer from failure from time to time. However，it is important that we should not lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying． [多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型———————————— 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The witness has given the police a very detailed (describe) of the robber. 2．Thousands of foreigners (attract) to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened. 3． (divide) into three groups, the students began to discuss the topic left over last time. 4．I think this was perhaps the most (enjoy) occasion we have ever had at the White House. 【导学号：30892118】 5．It is necessary that we (keep) the young generation informed of the current affairs. 【答案】 1.description 2.were attracted 3.Divided 4.enjoyable 5.(should) keep Ⅱ.单句改错 1．Keep your eyes opened if you want to find the boy in red sweater. 2．You'd better get your eyes examine as soon as possible. 3．I cannot tell you how delighting I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me. 4．Computers can not take place of human brains, and nor can other machines. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 5．When first was introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 【 答 案 】 1.opened→open 2.examine→examined 3.delighting→delighted 4.place 前加 the 5.去掉 was 重难考点多维练 1．convenient 多维练 (1)单句语法填空 ①I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions at your earliest (convenient)． ②I'm convinced that it will be more convenient people to do shopping online in the future. ③In the past several weeks, many cities in Northern China have been suffering from heavy fogs, causing great (convenient) to people. (2)完成句子 ④(2014·湖南高考·满分作文)总之，如果我们能有这么一块有魔力的手表，我们的生 活将会更加方便。 In a word，if we had such a magic watch，our life ． ⑤(全国卷Ⅰ·满分作文)如果方便的话，你可以在上午 11 点半到机场去接他吗？ ，can you pick him up at the airport at 11：30 a．m.? 【导学号：30892119】 【 答 案 】 ①convenience ②for ③inconvenience ④would become more convenient ⑤If it is convenient for you 2．arrange 全接触 (1)单句语法填空 ①(2015·湖北高考·完成句子)Whatever she says will not make any difference to our (arrange)． ②The manager arranged for someone (drive) him home. ③The company will arrange a taxi to meet you at the airport. ④—Would you like to go to the football game tonight? —Oh, sorry. I have arranged (see) a film with Mary. 【导学号：30892120】 (2)完成句子 ⑤(2015·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)我非常高兴地告诉你，我和我的同学已安排好去参观敬 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 老院。 I'm pleased to tell you that my classmates and I have ． 【答案】 ①arrangements ②to drive ③for ④to see ⑤arranged a visit to a nursing home Ⅰ.课文语法填空 根据 P9－10 课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The United Kingdom 1. (consist) of England，Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England is the largest and for 2. (convenient) it is divided roughly into three zones. London is the centre of national government and its administration, with its fine museums, art collections 3. the oldest port. Why did only Northern Ireland join England? In the early twentieth century the English government tried to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland 4. (connect) without conflict. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away 5. (form) its own government.To their credit, the countries do work together in the currency， international relations and so on, but they still have very different 6. (institution)． It is 7. pity that in England the 8. (industry) cities do not attract visitors. People can go to the older but smaller towns 9. (build) by the Romans for historical architecture and to the countryside 10. great scenery as well. 【导学号：30892121】 【 答 案 】 1.consists 2.convenience 3.and 4.connected 5.to form 6.institutions 7.a 8.industrial 9.built 10.for Ⅱ.高考话题微写作 根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文。 1．没有其他博物馆能够取代大英博物馆，一个全世界游客神往的地方。(take the place of；attraction) 2．大英博物馆包括九个展厅，其中一个就是中国展厅。(consist of) 3．你可能会觉得奇怪，英国居然可以从中国拿去那么多珍贵的东西。(it may seem 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 strange that...) 4．浏览大英博物馆，你最好列一张单子，以免错过有价值的东西。(make a list of； leave out) 【参考范文】 No other museums can take the place of the British Museum, which is an attraction for tourists from all over the world. The British Museum consists of nine showrooms, one of which is the showroom of China. When you look around the showroom, it may seem strange that Britain should have taken so many valuable things from China. When visiting the British Museum, you had better make a list of the things you want to see if you don't want to leave out anything valuable.