2021届高考英语一轮总复习Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions课时跟踪练 人教版

2021届高考英语一轮总复习Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions课时跟踪练 人教版

课时跟踪练38 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Ⅰ.阅读理解 Even though they're not the most exciting things in the world，plants have fascinated us ever since the days of early humans.They may not do any tricks or greet us when we come home at night like a dog would，but that doesn't mean they're any less interesting than animals.‎ However，just when we thought of everything about them we knew，a recent study found that plants might possess a secret ability that was unnoticed all the time.‎ According to the study by Australian biologist Monica Gagliano，published in the journal Oecologia，plants may be able to “hear”sounds.To come to this conclusion，Gagliano and her team planted pea seedlings in a pair of different Yshaped pots with two arms.The first pot's arms led to fresh water，while the other's led to either dry soil or a sealed plastic tube containing flowing water.Naturally，the first pot's seedlings grew toward the water.What's surprising，however，is that the second pot's seedlings grew toward the sealed water supply and not the soil.‎ ‎“They just knew the water was there，even if the only thing to ascertain was the sound of it flowing inside the pipe，”Gagliano told Scientific American.She believes that plants are able to use their leaves to discover sound waves，which make tiny vibrations(震动)．‎ This could explain why so many people believe that singing or playing music to their plants helps them grow.So，does this mean we should start treating our plants like pets？Not necessarily，although perhaps it does mean we should give them more respect.“I would like to see plants acknowledged more as the amazing，interesting，novel living beings，and less as a mere source of human nutrition，”Gagliano said.‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word“ascertain”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A．Smell.　　　　 B．Find.‎ C．Guess. D．Touch.‎ ‎2．How did scientist Gagliano find plants might hear?‎ A．By carrying out experiments.‎ B．By analyzing statistics.‎ C．By predicting and assuming.‎ D．By reading relative papers.‎ ‎3．What can we know about plants?‎ - 8 -‎ A．They are as interesting as animals.‎ B．They have senses like human beings.‎ C．They are just common food for people.‎ D．They may possess the ability of hearing.‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Plants have a secret skill.‎ B．Plants are wiser than animals.‎ C．Scientists have a new finding.‎ D．Singing to plants makes sense.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　最近的一项研究发现，植物可能拥有一项我们一直没注意到的能力——“听到”声音的能力。调查者由此认为，也许这意味着我们应该给予植物更多的尊重，把它们更多地看作是神奇、有趣、新奇的生物，而不是仅仅是人类营养的来源。‎ ‎1．解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，植物通过管道里水流淌的声音发现了水，具体来讲，植物用它们的叶子发现了发出微小震动的声波。故find与画线词意义相近，并与该段第二句中的discover对应。故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎2．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容可知，生物学家莫妮卡·加利亚诺通过做实验的方式发现植物也许能够“听到”声音。故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎3．解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“a recent study found that plants might possess a secret ability that was unnoticed all the time”和第三段中的“plants may be able to ‘hear’ sounds”以及第三、四段关于做实验的过程和对实验结果的分析可知，植物也许拥有“听觉能力”。故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎4．解析：主旨大意题。文章开头引出植物的话题，并在第二段通过“a recent study found that plants might possess a secret ability”提出最近的一项研究发现有关植物的一种神秘的能力，通过后文对实验过程的介绍和对实验结果的分析可知，这一能力为“听觉能力”。文章围绕这一主题而展开。故选A项。‎ 答案：A Ⅱ.完形填空 A beautiful September evening，my 11yearold grandson，Josh，and his team were warming up for their first football game of the season.‎ At six，the 1 called the captains forward，said something and 2 his whistle.The two teams 3 separately.I was 4 ．The other team was， 5 ，ten inches taller than our - 8 -‎ ‎ players.It didn't take long for their 6 advantage to show.They took a 7—0 lead very 7 ．At the half，the score stood at 34 to 6.Josh 8 minimal play time，but in the second half，they used Josh more often.The score climbed to 40 to 6.‎ Once again，the other team began their 9 down the field.Their quarterback threw the ball.The receiver caught it and 10 the goal.There was only one man in his 11 —Josh.Josh dove and 12 that boy's legs with all his strength.The receiver dragged Josh a couple of yards and 13 fell down.‎ On the next play，their quarterback shot through an opening and rushed to the goal，but there was Josh again.Josh took him off his feet and 14 another goal.They scored on the last play，but it wasn't Josh's 15 ．The game ended with a score of 48 to 6.‎ On the way home，I wanted to 16 Josh，but he turned to me with a 17 smile.“Grandpa，that was a 18 game.”‎ ‎“But you lost.48 to 6 ！”‎ ‎“I know，but I did well.”‎ The boy understood the 19 better than I did.They didn't win，but he did his best.I was proud of him.More 20 ，he was proud of himself.‎ ‎1．A.player B．referee C．coach D．receiver ‎2．A.waved B．raised C．threw D．blew ‎3．A.gathered B．practised C．celebrated D．wandered ‎4．A.inspired B．embarrassed ‎ C．shocked D．delighted ‎5．A.in total B．on average C．at length D．for example ‎6．A.speed B．strength C．age D．size ‎7．A.often B．soon C．regularly D．rarely ‎8．A.saw B．lost C．expected D．wasted ‎9．A.break B．search - 8 -‎ C．charge D．debate ‎10．A.let in B．fought for C．went in D．headed for ‎11．A.way B．position C．sight D．mind ‎12．A.made room for B．looked up at C．took hold of D．kept away from ‎13．A.accidentally B．finally C．deliberately D．gradually ‎14．A.saved B．gained C．tried D．kicked ‎15．A.turn B．honour C．fault D．option ‎16．A.trick B．scold C．praise D．comfort ‎17．A.sad B．wide C．bitter D．polite ‎18．A.great B．close C．silly D．vital ‎19．A.team B．play C．game D．field ‎20．A.seriously B．fortunately C．specifically D．importantly ‎【语篇解读】　作者11岁的孙子乔希参加了一场实力悬殊的足球比赛，虽然最后比赛以失败告终，但乔希仍然很高兴，因为他觉得自己已尽力了。‎ ‎1．解析：根据上文中的“their first football game”和下文中的“his whistle”可知，乔希他们正在为比赛热身，裁判召集队长上前讲了一些东西并吹哨，比赛开始了。referee意为“裁判”，符合语境。player意为“运动员”；coach意为“教练”；receiver意为“接管人”。‎ 答案：B ‎2．解析：根据空后的“his whistle”和常识可知，裁判吹响哨子表示比赛的开始；blow意为“吹”，符合语境。wave意为“挥动”；raise意为“举起；抬起”；throw意为“扔；掷”。‎ 答案：D - 8 -‎ ‎3．解析：根据上文语境及常识可知，哨声吹响后比赛正式开始，参赛的两个球队应该是分别集合；gather意为“集合”，符合语境。practice意为“训练；练习”；celebrate意为“庆祝”；wander意为“闲逛”。‎ 答案：A ‎4．解析：根据下文中的“ten inches taller than our players”可知，另一队的选手比作者孙子这队的选手高出10英寸，作者对此感到很震惊；shocked意为“震惊的”，符合语境。inspired意为“激动人心的”；embarrassed意为“尴尬的”；delighted意为“高兴的”。‎ 答案：C ‎5．解析：根据设空处前的“The other team was”和设空处后的“ten inches taller than our players”可知，此处是对两个球队进行比较。再结合选项可推知此处的ten inches taller应为平均值；on average意为“平均来看”，符合语境。in total意为“总共”；at length意为“最后”；for example意为“例如”。‎ 答案：B ‎6．解析：根据上文中的“The other team was...ten inches taller than our players.”可知，对方球队具有较大的身高优势，所以比赛开始后其身高优势很快就显现出来了；size意为“大小；尺寸”，符合语境。speed意为“速度”；strength意为“力量”；age意为“年龄”。‎ 答案：D ‎7．解析：根据上文中的“It didn't take long for their...advantage to show.”可知，对方的优势很快就显现出来了，所以很快就以7∶0的比分处于领先地位；soon意为“很快”，符合语境，与上文中的“didn't take long”相呼应。often意为“经常”；regularly意为“定期地；经常”；rarely意为“罕见地；很少”。‎ 答案：B ‎8．解析：根据下文中的“but in the second half，they used Josh more often”可推知，上半场乔希参赛时间较少；see在此为引申意义“经历；见证”，符合语境。lose意为“迷失；丢失”；expect意为“期待”；waste意为“浪费”。‎ 答案：A ‎9．解析：根据上下文语境可知，下半场另一支球队又开始发起进攻。charge意为“猛冲；猛攻”，符合语境。break意为“休息；破裂”；search意为“寻找；搜查”；debate意为“辩论”。‎ 答案：C ‎10．解析：根据上文中的“Their quarterback threw the ball.The receiver caught it...”及常识可知四分卫(指挥进攻的)的球员将球扔出去，接球者抢到球应直奔球门；head for意为“朝……前进”，符合语境。let in意为“容许；让……进入”；fight for意为 - 8 -‎ ‎“为……斗争”；go in意为“进去”。‎ 答案：D ‎11．解析：根据下文中的“Josh dove...with all his strength.The receiver dragged Josh a couple of yards and...fell down.”可知，在接球者直奔球门的路上，只有乔希一个人挡着他的路；in one's way为固定搭配，意为“挡着某人的路”，符合语境。position意为“职位；地位”；sight意为“视力；看见”；mind意为“头脑；思想”。故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎12．解析：根据下文中的“The receiver dragged Josh a couple of yards and 13 fell down.”可知，乔希匍匐着身子，用尽全力抓住那个男孩的腿；take hold of意为“控制住；抓住”，符合语境。make room for意为“为……腾空间”；look up at意为“抬头看，往上看”；keep away from意为“远离”。‎ 答案：C ‎13．解析：根据上文语境可知，接球员把乔希拖出一段距离，最终摔倒了；finally意为“最后”，符合语境。accidentally意为“意外地”；deliberately意为“故意地”；gradually意为“渐渐地”。‎ 答案：B ‎14．解析：根据设空处前的“Josh took him off his feet”可知，乔希的防守使对方的四分卫球员摔倒了，因此他挽救了一个球；save意为“挽救”，符合语境。gain意为“收获”；try意为“尝试”；kick意为“踢”。‎ 答案：A ‎15．解析：根据上文语境可知，乔希在极力防守，由此可知，虽然对方的球队最后还是得分了，但这并不是乔希的失误；fault意为“错误；失误”，符合语境。turn意为“机会”；honour意为“荣誉”；option意为“选择”。‎ 答案：C ‎16．解析：根据上文中的“The game ended with a score of 48 to 6.”可知，乔希的球队输掉了比赛，因此作者想安慰他；comfort意为“安慰”，符合语境。trick意为“哄骗”；scold意为“责骂”；praise意为“表扬”。‎ 答案：D ‎17．解析：根据设空处前的“but he turned to me with”及设空处后的“smile”可知，作者以为乔希难过，想安慰他，但乔希并没有难过，而是给了作者一个灿烂的笑容。wide意为“广泛的；宽阔的”，wide smile表示“灿烂的笑容”，符合语境。sad意为“悲伤的”；bitter意为“苦的；痛苦的”；polite意为“礼貌的”。‎ 答案：B ‎18．解析：由上文中的“smile”和下文中的“but I did well”‎ - 8 -‎ 可知，乔希虽然输了比赛，但乔希认为比赛本身很棒，很有意义；great意为“极好的；棒的”，符合语境。close意为“亲密的”；silly意为“傻的”；vital意为“至关重要的”。‎ 答案：A ‎19．解析：根据上文中乔希的反应可知，作者认为这个男孩比自己更懂得比赛(的意义)；game意为“比赛”，符合语境。team意为“团队”；play意为“玩耍”；field意为“田野；领域”。‎ 答案：C ‎20．解析：根据上文中的“I was proud of him.”和下文中的“he was proud of himself”可知，此处表示递进，指作者为乔希感到骄傲，更重要的是，乔希也为自己感到骄傲。importantly意为“重要地”，符合语境。seriously意为“严肃地”；fortunately意为“幸运地”；specifically意为“特别地”。‎ 答案：D Ⅲ.应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校即将举行的读书节的情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1．时间、地点；‎ ‎2．具体活动；‎ ‎3．邀请参加。‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ ‎[参考范文]‎ Dear Peter，‎ Having received your letter asking me about our approaching Reading Festival，I'm writing to offer you some relevant information.‎ Scheduled at 10：00 am next Friday at the lecture hall，the activity will - 8 -‎ ‎ approximately last for 6 hours.Aiming to ignite students' interest in reading and raise their literature awareness，the festival will start with a recitation，which is followed by various activities ranging from appreciation of classics to exhibitions of famous essays.So I sincerely invite you to participate and this will surely leave you a good impression.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua - 8 -‎