2018届北师大版一轮复习选修8Unit24　Society学案

2018届北师大版一轮复习选修8Unit24　Society学案

Unit 24　Society Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 ‎1．accumulate vt. 积累 ‎2．burden n. 重担，负担 ‎3．vacant adj. 未住人的，空置的 ‎4．diverse adj. 各种各样的 ‎5．resign vt.&vi. 辞职 ‎6．delete vt. 删除 ‎7．virtue n. 优点，长处 ‎8．undertake vt. 着手做，从事 ‎9．sentence n. 判决 ‎10．moreover adv. 再者，此外 ‎11．cast vt.& vi. 投下 ‎12．preserve v. 保存；保管 ‎→preservation n. 维护，保存 ‎13．edit vt. 编辑 ‎→edition n. 版本 ‎→editor n. 编辑，校订者 ‎14．voluntary adj. 自愿的 ‎→volunteer v. 自愿做 ‎ ‎ n. 志愿者 ‎15．abundant adj. 大量的 ‎→abundance n. 大量 ‎16．sign v. 签名 ‎ n. 招牌；迹象 ‎→signature n. 签名 ‎17．adjust v. 调整，调节 ‎→adjustment n. 调整，调节 ‎18．elect vt. 选举，推选 ‎→election n. 选举；当选；选择权 ‎19．mercy n. 仁慈，宽大的 ‎→merciful adj. 仁慈的，宽大的 ‎20．rot vt.&vi. 腐烂；腐朽 ‎ ‎ n. 腐败 ‎→rotten adj. 腐烂的 ‎21．thirst n. 口渴 ‎→thirsty adj. 口渴的 ‎22．contain v. 包装；容纳 ‎→container n. 容器 ‎23．consequence n. 结果，后果 ‎→consequently adv. 所以，因此 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 ‎24．shrink vi. (使)收缩，缩小 ‎25．abortion n. 人工流产，堕胎 ‎26．deposit vt.& vi. 存储，储蓄 ‎27．surplus n. 盈余，剩余 ‎28．paddle vt.& vi. 划水，涉水 ‎29．fragrant adj. 有香味的 ‎30．revenge n. 复仇，报复 高频短语——会默写 ‎1．come into being 形成，存在 ‎2．wind sb.up 故意惹恼某人 ‎3．show off 炫耀，夸耀 ‎4．knock into sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到 ‎5．break into 闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)‎ ‎6．on principle 原则上 ‎7．sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑 ‎8．be well/better off 过得好/过得更好 ‎9．take...seriously 认真对待……‎ ‎10．above all 最重要的是；首先 ‎11．do away with 废除；摆脱，消灭 ‎12．to start with 首先 ‎13．play an important role in... 在……中起重要作用 ‎14．contribute to 促进，有助于 ‎15．take...into account 考虑；注意；体谅 ‎16．keep an eye on 注意，留意 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 ‎1.I'd rather you didn't mention that.‎ ‎(would rather后跟从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。)‎ ‎1.我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。‎ I'd rather you hadn't told him the news that day.‎ ‎2.What if some married people have affairs?‎ ‎(what if是连词词组，意为“要是……怎么办”。)‎ ‎2.要是林书豪缺席这场篮球赛会怎么样呢？‎ What if Jeremy Lin is absent from the basketball game？‎ ‎3.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on people's movements.(“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。)‎ ‎3.成本不断上涨，生意很难做成。‎ Rising costs made it hard to carry on business. 【导学号：34802177】‎ ‎4.As a society，it's high time that we took these issues more seriously.(It's high ‎ ‎4.到了我们采取措施保护自然资源的时候了。‎ time that sb. should do/did sth.“到某人做某事的时候了”。)‎ It's high time that we should take/took measures to preserve the natural resources.‎ 精讲5个考纲单词 ‎ abundant adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的 ‎[经典例句]　We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.(牛津词典)‎ 我们有充分的证据证明他有罪。‎ ‎(1)abundance n． 丰富 an abundance of 丰富的，许多的 in abundance 大量；富裕 ‎(2)be abundant in 富有……；……很丰富 ‎①Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation.‎ 高大的植被中有着大量的鸟类。‎ ‎②If you travel in the sea，you will see an abundance of marine creatures.‎ 如果你在海上旅行的话，你会看到很多海洋生物。‎ ‎③One quality the team possessed in abundance was fighting spirit.该队的一大特点是斗志昂扬。‎ ‎ burden n．负担，重担 vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)‎ ‎[高考佳句]　The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.(2016年四川高考·阅读理解D)睡前你吸收的脂肪越多，晚上你的身体就会有更大的负担。‎ ‎(1)bear/carry/ease/reduce/share a burden ‎ 承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担 a burden on/to sb. 加给某人的重担；某人的负担 ‎(2)burden sb./oneself with sth. 加负担于某人或自己 be burdened with sth. 负重 ‎①His invalid father is gradually becoming a burden on/to him.‎ 他父亲体弱多病，对他来说渐渐成了累赘。‎ ‎②I don't want to burden you with my problems.‎ 我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。‎ ‎ resign v．辞职；放弃(权力等)；听从；顺从，甘心 ‎[教材原句]　His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned.他的老板坚持让他工作更长时间，因此他辞掉了工作。‎ ‎(1)resignation n． 辞职；辞呈 hand in/offer one's resignation 递交辞呈 ‎(2)resign one's job/post/position 辞去工作/职务 resign from... 从……辞职 resign as... 辞去……职务 resign oneself to doing... 顺从……；使自己安于(做)某事 ‎①You must resign yourselves to waiting a bit longer.你们得耐心地多等一小会儿。‎ ‎②His father will hand in his resignation (resign)．‎ 他的父亲将要递交辞呈。‎ ‎ elect vt.选举，推选；选择 ‎[高考佳句]　Besides，I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.(2015年陕西高考·书面表达)‎ 此外，我如此精通英语以至于被选为英语老师的助理。‎ elect sb.to... 选举某人进入……‎ elect sb.(as/to be)．.. 选举某人为……‎ elect to do sth. 选择做某事 ‎①She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.‎ 她成为第一个被选入参议院的黑人妇女。‎ ‎②Employees may elect to take (take) their pensions in monthly payments or as single lump sum.‎ 雇员可选择按月或一笔一次性领取的退休金。‎ ‎ undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应 ‎[教材原句]　Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。‎ undertake＋n./pron. 承担……‎ undertake to do ... 着手做……；答应做……‎ undertake that ... 答应……‎ undertake for ... 为……负责 ‎①I will undertake to feed(feed)your dogs while you are away.你不在家时我保证替你喂狗。‎ ‎②We'll undertake for your security while you are visiting our country.‎ 当你访问我们国家时，我们将保证你的安全。‎ 诠释3个核心短语 ‎ come into being形成，存在 ‎[教材原句]　If laws such as these came into being，a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions.‎ 如果产生了类似这样的法律，那么生活就要做很多调整，反响肯定是各种各样的。‎ come into existence 开始存在，建立，产生 come into effect/force 生效 come into use 开始使用 come into power 掌权 come into sight/view 看见；进入视野 come into fashion 开始流行 ‎①When did the term of “newnew people” come into existence？“新新人类”一词是什么时候出现的呢？‎ ‎②The new tax regulations came into effect/force last month.新税法是上个月生效的。‎ ‎③The newlyelected president will come into power next month.新当选的总统 下月开始执政。‎ ‎ show off炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示 ‎[教材原句]　Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value—unlike in our society.‎ 没有人有任何欲望去炫耀，而且金和银没有价值——这与我们的社会不同。‎ ‎(1)show ...out 领……出去 show ...in 带或领……进来 show up 出席；到场 show sb.around/round 领某人参观 ‎(2)on show(＝on display) 在展出 talk show 脱口秀 ‎①He went sailing and did not show up for a long time.他航行去了，而且很长一段时间没有露面。‎ ‎②She showed me around/round and introduced me to everybody.‎ 她领着我四处参观，将我介绍给每个人。‎ ‎③Quite a number of world famous paintings are on show in this exhibition.‎ 有相当数量的世界名画在本次展览会上展出。‎ ‎ knock into sb.撞上某人 ‎[教材原句]　There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road！那里每周至少有一起车祸发生，我今天就差点撞上一个正在过马路的人！‎ knock down/over 撞倒；打倒；拆除 knock at/on 敲(门、窗、墙等)‎ knock out 撞出；敲击 knock off 减价；中断，停止 ‎①Jim was knocked down by a bus，but not seriously hurt.吉姆被公共汽车撞倒了，但伤得不严重。‎ ‎②Let's knock off work early and go to watch the football game.我们早点收工去看足球赛吧。‎ ‎[名师点津]　knock into表示“撞上”时，相当于run into；表示“遇上”时，相当于come across，meet with或meet by chance。‎ ‎[链接写作]　一句多译 在街上走的时候我遇到了一位老朋友。 【导学号：34802178】‎ ‎①I knocked into an old friend when I was walking in the street.(knock)‎ ‎②I came across an old friend when I was walking in the street.(come)‎ ‎③I met with an old friend when I was walking in the street.(meet)‎ 突破2个高考句型 ‎ (教材P35)I'd rather you didn't mention that.‎ 我宁愿你没有提到那个。‎ would rather后跟宾语从句，其谓语用虚拟语气。‎ ‎(1)表示一个现在或将来的愿望，谓语用一般过去时；表示一个过去的愿望，谓语用过去完成时。‎ ‎(2)would rather＋动词原形，意为“宁可……，宁愿……”。‎ ‎(3)would rather do...than do...宁愿……也不愿……‎ ‎(4)rather than宁可……也不……；而不是；与其……倒不如……，用于连接两个并列成分。‎ ‎(5)prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿……‎ ‎①I'd rather you hadn't told him the news that day.‎ 我真希望你那天没把那个消息告诉他。‎ ‎②I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.‎ 我决定写信而不是打电话。‎ ‎③I prefer to stay at home rather than go (go) there alone.我宁愿呆在家里也不愿一个人去那里。‎ ‎④I would rather be (be) in prison！(2016年浙江高考·完形填空)我宁愿坐牢！‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (教材P36)What if some married people have affairs？要是有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢？‎ What if...？此处意为“要是……怎么办？”，可看作“What shall we/I do if...？”的省略形式。‎ ‎(1)what if用于提出假设，其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”)。‎ ‎(2)What if...？还可意为“即使……又有什么关系？”，此时可看作是“What does it matter if...？”的省略形式。‎ ‎(3)What if...？还可用于表示邀请或建议，意为“如果……怎么样？”或“如果……如何？”。‎ ‎①What if he disagrees to leave Thailand?‎ 要是他不同意离开泰国怎么办？‎ ‎②What if she found out that you lied to her?‎ 要是她发现你对她撒谎怎么办？‎ ‎③What if he doesn't invite me to his birthday party?‎ 即使他不邀请我去参加他的生日聚会又有什么关系？‎ ‎④What if we moved the sofa over there？Would that look better？要是我们把沙发挪到那边去会怎样？看上去会不会好一些？ 【导学号：34802179】‎ ‎[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型—————————————‎ 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He spoke so clearly as to make himself (understand)．‎ ‎2．He likes to show how well he speaks French everywhere.‎ ‎3．Yu Fang insisted that she (be) tired and was willing to stay the night but I insisted that she (go) at once.‎ ‎4．It's high time that we (get) down to work.‎ ‎5．He knocked his opponent three times in the first round.‎ ‎6．He undertook (finish) the difficult job by Friday.‎ ‎7．Don't let yourself be cast by a small failure in the experiment；try again.‎ ‎8．Increasing numbers of people elect (work) from home nowadays. ‎ ‎【导学号：34802180】‎ ‎【答案】　1.understood　2.off　3.was；(should) go　4.got/should get　5.down/over　6.to finish　7.down　8.to work Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I don't know when the Roman Empire came to being.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．New technologies have made this possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．He failed all his attempts and now he has to resign his fate.‎ ‎ 【导学号：34802181】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．We had to break in the house because we had lost the key.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．Jack has just bought another new car；he must be very good off.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　1.to→into　2.this→it　3.resign后加to　4.in→into　5.good→well 重难考点多维练 burden万花筒 ‎(1)介词填空 ‎①Too much homework is becoming a burden students.‎ ‎②Nowadays peasants are no longer burdened heavy taxation. ‎ ‎【导学号：34802182】‎ ‎③There will be many challenges ahead，but I have confidence that I'll take the burden.‎ ‎(2)句式升级 ‎④He was burdened with endless paperwork，so he didn't have time to assist you.‎ ‎→ (用过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎【答案】　①to/on　②with　③on　④Burdened with endless paperwork，he didn't have time to assist you.‎ Ⅰ.课文语法填空 请根据Lesson 1课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Many of us in developed societies 1. (trap) in a spending circle.We work hard so that we can earn more money.When we have more money，we spend more and because we spend more，we have to work even harder.But 2. (strange) enough，3. more money we earn，the less often we see it.Instead，we start putting our signatures on credit cards and 4. (spend) money we don't even have.Besides，we're all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those 5. govern us.Thus，the circle goes round and round and 6. (get) more and more complicated.‎ In this spending circle，7. the one hand，we accumulate possessions but never feel like we have enough.On the other hand，we work towards the ownership of bigger and 8. (good) houses and cars and never have time to enjoy them.Instead，they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn 9. (pay) for them.And the result of all this is obvious.Not increased happiness，10. stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.‎ ‎【答案】　1.are trapped　2.strangely　3.the　4.spending　5.who　6.gets　7.on　8.better　9.to pay　10.but Ⅱ.课文短文改错 请根据Lesson 3的课文内容，对下面的材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ Every year thousand of tourists flock to China with latest edition of China's “Lonely Planet” guidebook in their hands.They came to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City but often it is the hutongs which leave the strongest impression，as they offer travellers a rare view into China's past.Hutongs—the many little alleys that connects the rectangular courtyards of traditional houses—are a feature of ancient Chinese architecture and are still found in ‎ the old quarters of a few of Chinese cities.Beijing's hutongs are particular famous，however，as there are thousands of them.Nowadays，the word “hutong” has come to meaning more than just the alleys that connect the courtyards.It also refers for the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live here.‎ ‎【答案】　Every year of tourists flock to China with latest edition of China's “Lonely Planet” guidebook in their hands.They to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City but often it is the hutongs leave the strongest impression，as they offer travellers a rare view into China's past.Hutongs—the many little alleys that the rectangular courtyards of traditional houses—are a feature of ancient Chinese architecture and are still found in the old quarters of a few Chinese cities.‎ Beijing's hutongs are famous，however，as there are thousands of them.Nowadays，the word “hutong” has come to more than just the alleys that connect the courtyards.It also refers the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live .‎ Ⅲ.高考话题微写作 请根据提示运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。‎ ‎1．李华被指控闯入一家超市，据说他在那儿偷了很多珠宝，最终被判处三年监禁。(be charged with，break into，abundant，jewelry，be sentenced to)‎ ‎2．李华以前是个好孩子，曾被选为班里的班长。(used to，elect)‎ ‎3．但后来他在网吧迷上了电脑游戏，染上了很多恶习。(diverse)‎ ‎4．是电脑游戏导致了这场悲剧。(it was...that)‎ ‎5．因此政府是时候取缔这样的坏网吧了。(It's high time that...，ban)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Li Hua was charged with breaking into a supermarket，where it is reported that he stole abundant jewelry.Finally，he was sentenced to three years in prison.He used to be a good boy and was elected monitor in his class.But later he was addicted to computer games in the net bar and picked up diverse bad habits.It was the computer games that led to the tragedy.So it is high time that the government banned such bad net bars.‎