2020届一轮复习外研版必修四Module4GreatScientists单元作业（12页

2020届一轮复习外研版必修四Module4GreatScientists单元作业（12页

‎2020届一轮复习外研版必修四 Module 4 Great Scientists 单元作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Where to enjoy a pictureperfect white Christmas?‎ Québec City, Canada When the narrow streets of Québec City are covered in snow, it feels like you've wandered into a beautiful Victorian Christmas card which has come to life.Enjoy the friendliness of this charming Canadian city with joyous outdoor concerts, holiday markets and QuébecAdabra — an evening festival of music, lights, animation (动画) and architectural projections held citywide.‎ London, England The capital is bursting with holiday cheer.Bright Christmas lights brighten up Oxford Street, Covent Garden and Carnaby Street.Skating people can go for a seasonal spin in Somerset House, Hyde Park, Canary Wharf and the Tower of London.Love holiday music? St.MartinintheFields hosts an inspiring lineup of Christmas concerts while London's most famous Christmas tree entertains visitors in Trafalgar Square.‎ Prague, Czech Republic Prague's beautiful architecture provides a dramatic setting for its Christmas activities.At the foot of the Church of Our Lady before Tyn, the Old Town Christmas market sells Christmas gifts and treats to the thousands of shoppers who visit it each December.Carol (圣诞颂歌) singers perform seasonal favourites while a welldecorated Christmas tree adds to the joyous atmosphere.‎ Rovaniemi, Finland For a storybook Christmas, Rovaniemi in Finland is hard to beat.Lapland's capital becomes a winter wonderland.The area is lit by the impressive northern lights, and they can be witnessed around the city from midAugust to early April.This magical place is also the official home of Santa Claus himself and visitors of all ages can meet everything about Christmas at Santa Claus Village right at the Arctic Circle.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个风景如画、适合过圣诞节的地方。‎ ‎1．Why does the author mention the Victorian Christmas card?‎ A．To indicate Québec City is beautiful.‎ B．To show it always snows at Christmas.‎ C．To tell us Christmas is a lively holiday.‎ D．To suggest that we buy Christmas cards.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a beautiful Victorian Christmas card”可知，作者提到维多利亚圣诞卡是为了说明魁北克市在圣诞期间非常漂亮。‎ ‎2．Where can you skate in London at Christmas?‎ A．In Oxford Street.　　　 B．In Covent Garden.‎ C．In Canary Wharf. D．In Trafalgar Square.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Skating people can go for a seasonal spin in Somerset House, Hyde Park, Canary Wharf and the Tower of London.”可知，在伦敦的Canary Wharf可以溜冰。‎ ‎3．What makes a Christmas in Prague more attractive?‎ A．The unique gifts offered to tourists.‎ B．The great architecture of Prague.‎ C．The Old Town Christmas market.‎ D．A welldecorated Christmas tree.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Prague's beautiful architecture provides a dramatic setting for its Christmas activities.”可知，捷克共和国的布拉格的建筑使它的圣诞节更有吸引力。‎ ‎4．What is special about Rovaniemi?‎ A．Its scenery attracts visitors of all ages.‎ B．It is a winter wonderland full of magic.‎ C．Its Christmas celebrations last long.‎ D．It is where Santa Claus comes from.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This magical place is also the official home of Santa Claus himself”可知，圣诞老人来自芬兰的罗瓦涅米。‎ B Eight years before his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary (讣告) in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludvig, who had recently died.‎ Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary：The merchant of death is dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer (武器制造商)．‎ This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man ‎ who profited from killing”？ It was this thought that led him to leave his money — a huge amount of it — for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest (追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives.‎ However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest (抗议) at the award of the Peace Prize when not everyone thinks that the awardwinners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers.The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy.‎ Still, for the most part the awards don't cause many complaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners — among them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr.— have made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了诺贝尔奖设立的来历。‎ ‎5.How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper?‎ A．Sad and worried. B．Shocked and upset.‎ C．Surprised and confused. D．Amused and puzzled.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，当Alfred ‎ Nobel看到报纸上的这则讣告的时候，非常吃惊。根据第二段第一句可知，他不只是吃惊，而且还很生气，故选B。‎ ‎6．What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary?‎ A．Seek excellence in the sciences.‎ B．Donate all his money to the charity.‎ C．Stop producing any killing weapons.‎ D．Set up the Nobel prizes with his money.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It was this thought that led him to leave his money — a huge amount of it — for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.”可知，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔看到这则讣告之后，想了很多，最终决定把他大笔的钱用于设立著名的诺贝尔奖，故选D。‎ ‎7．Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust?‎ A．To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes.‎ B．To give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners.‎ C．To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes.‎ D．To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers.”(即便是诺贝尔文学奖有时候也会受到批评，因为奖项委员会经常会忽视重要的作家。)可知，作者以这两个人为例，是为了说明有时诺贝尔奖是存在争议的。‎ ‎8．What does the author think of the Nobel prizes?‎ A．There should be more female winners.‎ B．There are too many controversial winners.‎ C．They have honored many worthy winners.‎ D．The committee should be more selective.‎ 解析：选C　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“few would disagree that most of the prizewinners ...deserve to be honored and remembered”可知，作者认为诺贝尔奖奖励了很多值得赞赏的人，故选C。 ‎ C When a mathematics student was examined in the hospital, Dr.John Lorber discovered that he had almost no brain at all.Normally, the condition is quite severe in the first months of babyhood.Even when someone survives he or she is usually seriously disabled.Somehow, though, the student had lived a perfectly normal life and went on to gain a degree in mathematics.This case is by no means as rare as it seems.‎ Lorber has identified (确认) several hundred people who have very small brains but who appear to be normally intelligent people.He describes some of them as having “no detectable brain”， yet they have scored up to 120 in IQ tests.‎ No one knows how people with “no detectable brain” are able to function at all, let alone graduate in mathematics.One suggestion is the old idea that we only use a small percentage of our brains anyway — perhaps as little as 10 per cent.But more recent research shows this idea is a misunderstanding dating from research in the 1930s in which the functions of large areas of the brain could not be determined and were named “silent”， while in fact they are linked with important functions like speech and abstract thinking.‎ The other interesting thing about Lorber's findings is that they remind us of the secret of memory.At first it was thought that there is a part in the brain for memory, like the memory chips in a PC.But further research of the brain has turned up the surprising fact that memory does not depend on any particular area in the brain.As one scientist put it, “Memory is everywhere in the brain and nowhere.”‎ But if the brain is not a place for classifying and storing experiences and analyzing them to enable us to live our lives, then what on earth is the brain for？And where is the seat of human intelligence? Where is the mind?‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。作者从一个“无脑人”案例入手，分析了人类大脑的功能问题。‎ ‎9．What will usually happen to a very young baby without brain?‎ A．It will die.　　　　 B．It will survive.‎ C．It will be intelligent. D．It will become disabled.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的第二句和第三句可知，通常情况下，在出生的前几个月里，(无脑)这种情况是非常严重的，有人即使存活下来，通常也会有严重的残疾。由此可知，这种情况的死亡率很高，故选A项。‎ ‎10．What is the new finding of the functions of the brain?‎ A．Much of the brain is useful.‎ B．The brain is in fact of no use.‎ C．The brain determines one's IQ.‎ D．Only a small part of the brain is used.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的第二句可知，旧的观点是我们仅仅用了大脑很小的一部分；但下文对这一观点进行了否定。“But more recent research shows this idea is a misunderstanding ...abstract thinking.”，即这种旧观点是一种误解。由此可知，我们并非只使用大脑中很小的一部分，而是大脑的大部分区域都跟重要的功能相关联，都是有用的，故选A项。‎ ‎11．What do we know about the existence of memory?‎ A．We use all of our brain.‎ B．We have memory chips.‎ C．We are fully aware of it.‎ D．We are still confused about it.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词memory 定位到最后两段。作者在指出关于人类记忆的两种截然不同的观点之后，连续提出了三个疑问，因此可知我们对于记忆的存在依然是很困惑的，故选D项。‎ D By trying to tickle (使发痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.‎ It turns out that Aristotle was wrong.In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies.These signs of joy changed according to their moods.And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells.These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes a rat being tickled to lose control.‎ To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated (刺激) that area with electrical currents.The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.‎ ‎“It's truly groundbreaking，”said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper.“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”‎ Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling.He was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats ‎ made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure.Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals.But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing.And so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said，“Let's go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled.‎ ‎“The authors have been very adventurous，” said Daniel O'Connor, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University.To him, that finding was very surprising.‎ ‎“Why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out？” he said.“This is the first step towards answering that question.It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor (严谨)．”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个全新的高度。‎ ‎12．What contributed to humans' being ticklish according to Aristotle?‎ A．Their special skin.　　 B．Their social pleasure.‎ C．Their nervous system. D．Their willingness to touch.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，故选A项。‎ ‎13．Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with?‎ A．The research process is full of risks.‎ B．The finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable.‎ C．The new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion.‎ D．The finding of the study actually contradicts modern science.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”可知，这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个全新的高度，显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故选C项。‎ ‎14．The underlined word “squeaked” in Paragraph 2 may be replaced by “________”．‎ A．gave a smile　　　　　 B．made a noise C．burst into tears D．watched with staring eyes 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies”可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.”可知，此处是“发出声音”，故选B项。‎ ‎15．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The Life of Rats ‎ B．How Rats Laugh C．A Wonderful Scientist D．A New Discovery about Rats 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故选D项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Amanda is a good student whose favourite subject is math, but she's facing another kind of problem: cancer.She was diagnosed (诊断) when she was 11.__1__ “The doctor was great regretful about telling me what the disease was and what to expect，” she says.“The only thing that ‎ really got to me was when she said I'd lose my hair.”‎ Sure enough, after the treatment to kill the cancer cells, Amanda's long hair began to fall out.Because she has very little hair, Amanda notices that strangers often stare at her.__2__ “I still play with my friends，” she says, “but we have to be more careful now because of the risk of infection (感染)．And we mostly play in my house.”‎ While she's being treated, Amanda can't go to some of her favourite places or do some of her favourite things, __3__ She can't swim.She's also not allowed to lie in the sun.‎ For Amanda, the hardest part about having cancer is not being able to be as social as she would like to be.__4__ Instead, she's taught privately (个人地) at home.‎ Right now, she's making the most of her time at home.She's optimistic (乐观的) about the future and looks forward to feeling better.Meanwhile, Amanda says it's important to let others know that she's the same person she's always been.“After all，” she says, “you just lose something.__5__”‎ A．It doesn't mean you lose everything.‎ B．But her friends are used to her new look.‎ C．Amanda was brave when she heard the news.‎ D．She can't go to the mall or go to dancing lessons.‎ E．Then she saw how upset her parents were and she was afraid.‎ F．Before she started feeling sick, she was just like all her friends.‎ G．Because she might get sick from the other children, Amanda can't attend school.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了勇敢的女孩阿曼达，她身患癌症却依然坚强面对。‎ ‎1．选C　根据后面她说的话可知当医生告诉她病情的时候，她并没有感到非常害怕，只是提到要失去头发这件事情时，她才感到伤心，可推知她非常勇敢。故选C项。‎ ‎2．选B　前面提到陌生人因为她头发少而注视她，而后面提到朋友仍然和她一起玩，可知朋友们已经习惯了她的状况。故选B项。‎ ‎3．选D　前面一句说她不能去一些最喜欢的地方，也不能做一些最喜欢做的事情。空格后的一句话是在说她不能做的事情，故此处填她不能去的地方，故选D项。‎ ‎4．选G　上一句说到她不能进行正常的社交活动，下文就要解释为什么不能进行社交活动，故选G，解释原因。‎ ‎5．选A　根据前一句“你失去了一些东西”，可知接下来要说，“但是你没有失去一切”。‎