2020年高考真题+高考模拟题 专项版解析汇编 英语—— 04 从句(教师版)

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2020年高考真题+高考模拟题 专项版解析汇编 英语—— 04 从句(教师版)

‎2020年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编 专题04 从句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句)‎ 一、2020年高考真题 ‎1. (2020江苏高考真题)Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.‎ A. whose B. which C. when D. whom ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意:许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词是many lessons,关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语,应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。‎ ‎2. (2020江苏高考真题)It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.‎ A. whether B. why C. when D. where ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。A. whether是否;B. why为什么;C. when什么时候;D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知,此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。‎ ‎3. (2020天津高考真题)Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.‎ A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了,他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句,修饰Dr. Rowan,引导词在从句中作定语,表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”,表示“……的” ,应用关系代词whose引导该从句,故选A。‎ ‎4. (2020天津高考真题)The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.‎ A. that B. what C. when D. where ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。‎ ‎5. (2020新课标Ⅲ卷高考真题)In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.‎ ‎【答案】whose ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。‎ ‎6. (2020浙江高考真题)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.‎ ‎【答案】what ‎【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。‎ 二、2020届模拟题 ‎1.(2020届江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练)––Why does Jack Ma still work so hard __________ he has already owned so much money?‎ ‎–– Maybe he pursues more than money.‎ A. while B. as C. when D. before ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意:——为什么马云已经有这么多钱了,还那么努力工作?——也许他追求的不仅仅是金钱。A. while 当……时候,尽管;B. as 一边……一边;C. when 当……时候;D. before 在……之前。分析句子,此处划线部分应填入“当……时候”来引导时间状语从句。while虽可译为“当……时候”,但是它强调主从句动作同时发生,且都必须是持续性动词。此处不合题意。故选C项。‎ ‎2. (2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模)It is by no means clear __________ the local government will do with the buildings of poor quality.‎ A. what B. how C. whether D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:目前还不清楚当地政府将如何处理这些质量差的建筑。分析句子,在形式主语中,真正的主语部分缺“will do”的宾语。名词性从句,若从句部分缺主语。则引导词用“连接代词”。又因句意缺“什么”之意。故选A项。‎ ‎3. (2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)Optimism is the essential ingredient of top performers, __________ we assume separates the high achievers from the rest.‎ A. as B. who C. which D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:乐观是优秀表现者的基本要素,我们认为这是成功人士与其他人的区别。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the essential ingredient,且先行词在从句中作主语,指代the essential ingredient应用关系代词which,we assume为插入语。A选项中as引导非限制性定语从句时,有“正如”之意;B选项who在从句中指代人,不符合;D选项that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选C。‎ ‎4. (2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion __________ he wants their support.‎ A. since B. once C. unless D. after ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查状语从句的从属连词。句意:汤姆非常独立,除非他想得到父母的支持,否则他从不征求父母的意见。A. since 自从……以来;B. once 一旦;C. unless 除非;D. after在……之后。此处表示“除非”需要父母的支持,所以是unless引导的条件状语从句。故选C。‎ ‎5. (2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模) We have entered into an age __________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.‎ A. which B. what C. that D. when ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入了梦想最有可能实现的时代。此处age是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作时间状语,所以由when引导。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 分析定语从句关键抓住两点:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词,如本题中先行词为名词age,再分析先行词age 在定语从句中所作的成分,将先行词age带到从句中可知,只能作时间状语,故确定关系词为when。‎ ‎6. ( 2020届江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练)—How did you find your way here?‎ ‎—It was by following the travel brochure __________ the route is clearly clarified.‎ A. that B. how C. where D. which ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——你怎么找到这里的路的?——通过遵循旅行手册,其中明确的路线。分析句子结构可知,此处是所填空引导的定语从句,先行词为the travel brochure,从句中不缺少主宾表,缺少地点状语,所以用where。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 分析定语从句关键抓住两点:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词,本题中先行词为名词the travel brochure,再分析先行词the travel brochure在定语从句中所作的成分,将先行词the travel brochure带到从句中可知,只能作地点状语,故确定关系词where。‎ ‎7. (2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)— The designers are over the moon. What’s up?‎ ‎—They’ve reached an agreement on __________ the bonuses are to be divided later.‎ A. why B. how C. where D. when ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:——这些设计者们兴高采烈的。怎么了?——他们刚刚就奖金怎么分配达成了一致。分析句子可知,空白处与其后句子一起作介词on的宾语,属于宾语从句,空白处需要引导词,其中句子成分完整,结合句意考虑用连接副词how作方式状语,表示“如何”。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 宾语从句连接词的判断是一个重要考点,一般分为三种类型:1.由that引导,that在句中无实意,只起连接作用,其后接一般的陈述句;2.由whether,if引导,在句中表示“是否”,其后句子可以还原成一般疑问句;3.由wh-系列的连接副词和连接代词引导,这些词在句中都要担任一定的成分,连接代词担任主、宾、表等成分,连接副词则担任状语。在具体题目中进行选择时,首先判断宾语从句中是否缺少成分,该小题中就可以看到不缺主、宾、表等成分,结合选项是缺少状语,这时就可以结合句意进行排除选择,从而得出正确答案。‎ ‎8. (2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)Unfortunately, __________ we should expect gratitude, we often find the opposite.‎ A. what B. that C. how D. where ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意:不幸的是,在我们应该期待感激的地方,我们经常发现的是相反的东西。设空所在句子“____________ we should expect gratitude”描述的是主句“we often find the opposite”发生的地点,所以是地点状语从句;地点状语从句的引导词为where。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】地点状语从句容易和定语从句混淆,要区别好两种从句一定要结合定义去理解。Where引导的定语从句前面有表示地点的先行词,而where引导的地点状语从句前面并没有表示地点的先行词。如A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert.这个句子就是定语从句,因为有先行词place在从句中充当地点状语;A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert.这个句子则是地点状语从句,句子中不存在先行词。‎ ‎9. ( 2020届江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练) The setting of the film Zootopia may be limited in the city full of kinds of animals, but __________ it exposes about human nature is quite broad.‎ A. which B. that C. what D. whether ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:电影《疯狂动物城》的背景可能局限于动物种类繁多的城市,但它所揭示的人性却相当宽泛。分析句子结构可知,__________it exposes about human nature是主语从句,引导词在从句中作expose的宾语。故用what。故选C项。‎ ‎11. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模) In the years to come, everyone will be able to take pride in __________ we responded to this challenge.‎ A. what B. when C. that D. how ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查名词性从句的宾语从句。句意:在未来的岁月里,每个人都会为我们如何应对挑战的方式感到自豪。分析句子,本句为复合句。其中短语take pride in对……感到自豪,介词in 后的全部内容做介词的宾语。宾语从句we responded to this challenge.我们回应这个挑战,缺少方式状语,副词how表示方式,意为“怎样,如何”,符合句意。故选D项。‎ ‎12. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)The student is grateful to his English teacher, without __________ encouragement he wouldn’t have pulled through.‎ A. what B. whose C. whom D. which ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这个学生很感激他的英语老师,没有老师的鼓励,他不会康复。分析句子可知,without________encouragement he wouldn’t have pulled through是定语从句,先行词是his English teacher,从句中作定语,修饰encouragement,故用关系代词whose。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 定语从句中whose的用法whose引导的定语从句是语法重点,要学好whose引导的定语从句的用法,应注意以下六个方面。‎ 一、whose为who的所有格,作“某(些)人的……”解,它所指代的先行词必须是人,其引导的定语从句修饰它的先行词,同时它本身在从句中作定语。‎ This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。 ‎ 二、whose也可作which的所有格,作“某(些)物的……”解,它所指代的先行词必须是物,其语法功能同上。‎ The company whose name was Notco was in Australia.那个名叫诺特可的公司设在澳大利亚。‎ 三、由于whose具有兼作who和 which的所有格的双重功能,故在指人时可用of whom代替whose,指物时可用of which代替whose。‎ ‎13. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)It was in the Lake District, a tourist attraction in England __________ they met each other and became fast friends.‎ A. where B. which C. when D. that ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查强调句。句意:就是在湖区——英格兰一处旅游胜地——他们遇到了彼此并成为了朋友。分析句子结构可知,这里并非England或Lake District作先行词的定语从句,而是符合it is/was…that/who结构的强调句。强调的是介词短语。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 强调句与状语从句、定语从句等其他句型是比较容易混淆的,这里有一个重要的区分方法:区别强调句式与其他句子的关键是看去掉It is/was … that/who…后是否影响句子的结构与意义。如果去掉该结构不影响句子的完整性就是强调句。该小题中如果去掉It was…that后句子就变为They met each other and became fast friends in the Lake District ‎(省略插入语),显然结构与意义都是完整的,确实为强调句。‎ ‎14. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)Under the regulation, restaurants and hotels shall stop offering throwaway items __________ customers request them.‎ A. since B. once C. unless D. until ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查状语从句的连接词。句意:根据规定,餐馆和酒店应停止提供一次性物品,除非顾客要求。since作为连词,表示“自从”,引导时间状语从句,表示“因为”,引导原因状语从句; once 用作连词,既可以表示“条件”(= if, as long as),也可以表示“时间”(=as soon as); unless意为“除非,如果不”,常用来引导条件状语从句;until作为连词,意为“直到......”引导时间状语从句。分析句子可知,如果顾客不要求的话,根据规定,餐馆和酒店应停止提供一次性物品。状语从句表示条件,结合选项看,选项C符合题意。故选C项。‎ ‎15. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)It was in the Lake District, a tourist attraction in England __________ they met each other and became fast friends.‎ A. where B. which C. when D. that ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查强调句。句意:就是在湖区——英格兰一处旅游胜地——他们遇到了彼此并成为了朋友。分析句子结构可知,这里并非England或Lake District作先行词的定语从句,而是符合it is/was…that/who结构的强调句。强调的是介词短语。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 强调句与状语从句、定语从句等其他句型是比较容易混淆的,这里有一个重要的区分方法:区别强调句式与其他句子的关键是看去掉It is/was … that/who…后是否影响句子的结构与意义。如果去掉该结构不影响句子的完整性就是强调句。该小题中如果去掉It was…that后句子就变为They met each other and became fast friends in the Lake District(省略插入语),显然结构与意义都是完整的,确实为强调句。‎ ‎16. (2020届天津市河北区高三一模) —What do you think made the 92nd Academy Awards so special?‎ ‎—__________ Parasite from South Korea won a total of four Oscars.‎ A. Because B. What C. That D. Whether ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查主语从句。句意:——你认为是什么让第92届奥斯卡金像奖如此特别?——那个来自韩国的《寄生虫》一共赢得了四项奥斯卡奖。根据语境,回答的内容应该是what的内容。what在句中作主语,所以答语应该能在这个句子中作主语,答语中没有疑问的意思也不缺少成分,此处应该用that。故选C项。‎ ‎17. (2020届天津市河北区高三一模)—How are things going, Mr. White?‎ ‎—Well, they have set out to deal with the present situation __________ they think deserves their immediate attention.‎ A. what B. where ‎ C. When D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——事情进展的怎么样,珍妮?——他们已经开始着手处理目前的现状,他们认为这值得引起他们的注意,下文中先行词the present situation为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语,指物,故引导词用which,故选D。‎ ‎18. (2020届天津市河北区高三一模) __________ I say Tom is a smart boy, he still needs to work hard to achieve his goal.‎ A. Because B. When C. As D. While ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查连词。句意:虽然我说了Tom是个聪明的孩子,但他还是需要努力学习才能完成目标。分析句意可知,前后句逻辑上呈现的是转折关系,其中只有while可以表示转折关系。故选D项。‎ ‎19. (2020届天津市河东区高三学习检测) The retiring teacher made a speech __________ she thanked the class for the cooperation.‎ A. which B. of which C. in which D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查介词+which引导的定语从句。句意:这位即将退休的老师做了一场演讲,在演讲中她感谢全班同学的合作。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句修饰先行词speech,把先行词代入到从句中可得到she thanked the class for the cooperation in the speech, 因此从句中缺地点状语,因此应用in which或where引导定语从句。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ ‎“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型,介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,把介词置于关系代词前,即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如:‎ The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher.=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.‎ 关系代词前介词选择三原则:一先,二动,三意义 ‎1.一先,即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。例如:‎ I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)‎ ‎2.二动,即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。例如:‎ This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.) 3.三意义,即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。例如:‎ This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.‎ 在本题中,句意:这位即将退休的老师做了一场演讲,在演讲中她感谢全班同学的合作。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句修饰先行词speech,把先行词代入到从句中可得到she thanked the class for the cooperation in the speech, 因此从句中缺地点状语,因此应用in which或where引导定语从句。故选C。‎ ‎20. (2020届天津市河东区高三学习检测)I’ll cancel my visit to the exhibition __________ you can come with me.‎ A. what B. because C. if D. unless ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意:我将取消去展览会参观,除非你和我一起去。根据句意可知,本句是条件状语从句,选项中A选项what只能引导名词性从句;B选项 because引导原因状语从句,与句意不符;C选项 if意为“如果”,与句意不符;D选项unless意为“除非”,符合句意。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎
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