重庆中考英语短文填空解题技巧

重庆中考英语短文填空解题技巧

‎ 短文填空解题技巧 一、解题基本步骤 ‎（一）跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意。‎ 注意：重视首尾句；记叙文抓故事性文章的时间、地点、人物、事物。 ‎ ‎（二） 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。‎ 先易后难 ‎ 易：固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构 ‎ 难：名词、动词、形容词、副词，注意 联系上下文 ‎（三）三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。‎ 内容：上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章。‎ 语法：语法结构是否正确无误。‎ 二、 具体解题技巧 ‎（一）考虑该空填什么词性 ‎1、名词：单复数形式, 所有格的用法 表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。‎ 强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。‎ ‎1）可数名词如何变“复数形式”：‎ a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 。‎ b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 。‎ c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries。‎ d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves。‎ e．以“o”结尾的词，一般直接加s，mango除外：mango-mangoes。‎ f．不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2） 不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice 2、 形容词、副词：比较等级的用法 形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：‎ ‎（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r。如：late - later ‎（2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter ‎（3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier ‎（4）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, ‎ careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting （5） 有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…‎ One of the 84 differences between Chinese restaurants and western ones is that……‎ I thought I was the ___78____ unlucky person in the world.‎ ‎3、代词：单复数、人称代词、反身代词、指示代词、 关系代词、 不定代词等的用法 关系代词 which 、that、who、whom 、what、when、while、how 反身代词 myself、yourself, themselves、ourselves ‎ 指示代词 this、that、those、these ‎ 不定代词 some，any，all ，none，both，either，neither，each， every，other，another，much，many，few，little，one ‎……about 350 million Chinese smoke. Among 79 , 50 million are teenagers. ‎ Whenever I got angry or sad, he would help ___82___ to cool down.‎ Here are some ideas about 77 to eat healthily. ‎ In a western restaurant，each person usually asks for their 82 food or dishes and eats 83 they ask for．‎ Most American parents let their sons or daughters make friends by 85 .‎ American like to spend 79 than they have.‎ I believe you can find 86 other ways besides these.‎ ‎4、连词：并列与从属连词的用法 ‎1）从属连词：引导从句。随着从句作用不同，它们又可分为几类：‎ 时间从句 when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever ‎ 条件从句 if, unless, supposing, provided(ing), suppose, ‎ 目的从句 in order that, so that, that, so, lest, ‎ 结果从句 so…that, such…that, so that, so ‎ 原因从句 because, as, since ‎ 让步从句 although, though, even though(if), while ‎ 方式从句 as, like, the way, as if, as though ‎ 地点从句 where, wherever ‎ 比较从句 than, as ‎ I was so angry __79__ I hit him in the face. ‎ It’s better for you to 81 a glass of warm milk 82 going to bed.‎ ‎2）并列连词：连接两个互不依从的次、短语或分句：‎ Slow but sure. 要慢而稳。（连接单词）‎ She’ll be back either this week or next week. 她将在这周或下周回来。（连接短语）‎ I went and she went also. 我去了，她也去了。（连接分句）‎ 并列连词有下面几类：‎ 表示意思转折的连词 but ,yet, however, nevertheless, ‎ 表示因果关系的连词 for, so, therefore, hence, ‎ 其他并列连词 and, or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, both…and, as well as. ‎ Yao Ming was Tang’s favorite star, 77 his words meant a lot to him.‎ Don’t eat too much chocolate 84 ice-cream.‎ Keep this space, which may be a desk 82 just a corner of your room.‎ Don't shout to the waiters， 86 people may think that you are rude (粗鲁的). 　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5、介词短语及其它固定搭配 He started smoking 76 the age of 14.‎ He decided to 78 up smoking.‎ It’s very important 82 parents to help their children stop smoking.‎ My classmates didn’t want to talk ___77____ me.‎ My parents don’t shout at me ___85____ more.‎ That means eating lots of different 83 of food.‎ Try to eat healthy food as much as 86.‎ she has found many differences 78 Chinese and American.‎ Most Chinese kids always 81 their parents for money．‎ Chinese parents usually enjoy knowing more about their children’s friends 86 many different ways.‎ In 77 , anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.‎ Look around the house 81 a good study place.‎ Sometimes it is all right to 80 a table for yourself The man said that he was a friend of her dhisaughter’s. So the woman let him in and talked. To her surprise__, the man knew nothing about her daughter. The woman didn’t know whether his words were true or not.‎ ‎ such as 例如 hand in 交(作业) be full of take place not only...but also Ex.5 I almost have no free time for my hobbies, _such____ as playing volleyball and ping-pong. The worst thing is that I even have homework on weekends and holidays. I understand that it is important to do my homework and __hand____ it in on time. (2012年中考） ‎ 固定句式 So...that too...to not enough to...‎ Spend...on pay...for it takes/took...to do It is time for sb to do sth It is + adj for sb to do sth There be He did so well in the final exam that his parents gave him 100 yuan.‎ I got so angry that I hit him in the face.‎ He can speak not only Chinese but French 6、 动词：时态、语态的变化 ‎（二）联系上下文 ‎1.重复出现原则 ‎2.语境 ‎ School：lecture，paper，exam，grades，playground，teacher.‎ ‎ Restaurant：menu，soup，drink，order，bill. ‎ ‎ Airport/Station ：train，time table，take off，passenger，economy class,business class,flight. ‎ ‎ Post office：parcel，package，stamp，postage. ‎ ‎ Hospital：cold，fever，pain，cough，trouble，temperature. ‎ ‎ Hotel: Check in,,check out,,luggage,book a room,double room. ‎ Teenagers can get cigarettes 80 , especially when their parents smoke or shops 81 cigarettes to them. ‎ But now I can’t see my best friend because he is seriously ___86___ and is staying in hospital.‎ 3、 逻辑判断 常见的人物关系： ‎ Husband——wife ‎ Teacher——student ‎ Boss——employee ‎ Waiter——customer ‎ Doctor——patient ‎ Parents——kid/children ‎ Classmates，roommates ‎ Shop assistant——customer ‎ ‎ ‎ There he saw a girl in a wheel chair. He noticed that the girl___moved the wheel with her hands.‎ 练习 ‎1 September 10th is T____________Day.‎ ‎2. The f ______ day of the week is Sunday.‎ ‎3. A good b _______ makes a good ending.‎ ‎4.When you laugh ,you will o____ your mouth and your teeth.‎ ‎5. Last Sunday，we played h______ in the park, though we were very tired. ‎ ‎6.He was very a ＿＿ with the man upstairs and began to shout，“Stop singing！”‎ ‎7.This book belongs to Mary. It is h_____.‎ ‎8 .Mrs Green said to the twins,“Help y___________ to some fish please. ”‎ ‎9.For years,we played other people’s songs, b_____ now we play mostly our own songs.‎ ‎10.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen l_______．‎ ‎11.When you laugh ,you will o___ your mouth and your teeth.‎ ‎12. Last Sunday，we played h______ in the park, though we were very tired.‎ ‎13.Summer is the hottest season of the year. ‎ ‎14.This book belongs to Mary. It is hers.‎ ‎15. She didn’t go to school yesterday ，because she was ill. ‎ 4. 态度：积极还是消极，肯定还是否定 ‎1.Many American students think that B is a girl while many Chinese students think that B is too 84 ．‎ ‎2.Living in such a good family helped Li say 84 to cigarettes.‎ ‎3.A good breakfast is very important to children. It’s necessary to have it in the 78 . But some children often go to school 79 breakfast，just because they want to sleep a little longer. ‎ ‎4.Many American parents think there is 82 need to send their children t0 an expensive university．It’s different in China．Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive universities……‎ ‎5.If you can use your time well, you may improve your study 78 much work. Here’s how.‎ （三） 生活常识、文化背景 技巧2. 单词 根据上下文原词提示(context)（有样学样）‎ Ex.2 I have had a lot of __homework_______day since I became a Grade 9 student. I have no choice but to do it. I often stay up late to finish it and then feel tired the next day. Athough I understand that it is important to do my homework.‎ 句意完整时，考虑副词 Never, hardly, really, almost, nearly, always, often, else, also, easily 练习 Your mother can do everything for you.‎ He talks to others because he is too shy.‎ Children can buy milk because they are sold everywhere.‎ 技巧1. 根据图画或上下文提示（火眼金睛） 常见提示内容：日期、星期、时钟、天气等 ‎ Ex1: His 15th birthday is coming on_____ 3rd ‎ ‎