2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit2Cloning单元学案（20页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit2Cloning单元学案（20页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修 8Unit 2 Cloning单元学案 ‎【一】单元基础词汇语法梳理 ‎ ‎
核心单词 ‎1. differ ‎ v. 不同；相异；使……相异 常用结构：‎ A differs from B in ...A与B在……方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over... A与B就……意见相左 Their house differs from mine in having no garage. ‎ 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们的没有车库。‎ The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay.双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。 ‎ 联想拓展 difference n. 不同之处 different adj. 不同的 make a difference to 对……产生变化；对什么有 ‎ 影响 different from 与……不同，不同于高手过 ‎ 招 高手过招 用适当的介词填空 ‎①The two squares differ colour but not size. ‎ ‎②The husband differs the wife who is to take charge of the money.‎ ‎③It doesn’t make a difference me whether you are going to stay.‎ ‎④This is a different car the one I drove yesterday.‎ 答案：1. ①in; in ②with; on/about/over ③to ④from ‎2. undertake ‎ vt.（undertook;undertaken）着手;从事;承担；保证，答应 常用结构：‎ undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事 undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事 undertake that ...保证……‎ The scientist undertakes the experiment. ‎ 这位科学家从事这项实验。‎ I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.‎ 我愿意承担这些变革的责任。‎ The lawyer undertook a new case.‎ 那个律师接了一个新的案子。‎ He undertook to finish the job by Friday.‎ 他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎①他下个月要去西部旅行。‎ He will undertake a journey to the west next month. ‎ ‎②我不能保证按时做完它。‎ I can’t undertake that I’ll finish it on time.‎ ‎3. objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议 常用结构：‎ have an objection to ... 反对……‎ raise/voice an objection 提出异议 联想拓展 object v. 反对，不赞成 ‎ n. 物体;目标 object to sb./sth. 不赞成某人/某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 ‎ object that ... 反对……‎ No one objected to the plan.没有人反对这项计划。‎ We object to being treated like this.‎ 我们反对受到这样的待遇。‎ Why do some people object to human cloning? ‎ 为什么一些人反对克隆人类呢？‎ Mother objected that Jimmy was too weak to take up the job. ‎ 母亲反对说，吉米身体太虚弱，不能承担那份工作。‎ The building is the main object of his interest. ‎ 他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 We to punishing a whole group for one persons fault.‎ Complain B. object C. oppose D. resist 解析：选B。句意为：我们反对因为一个人的错误而惩罚整体。object to doing sth.反对做某事。 ‎ ‎4. obtain ‎ vt. 获得；赢得 易混辨析 obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve obtain意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味，用于正式语体中。‎ acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于表示对财物等的获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。‎ gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。‎ earn意为“挣得，赢得”，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。‎ achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。‎ He failed to obtain a scholarship.‎ 他没有获得奖学金。‎ I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.‎ 我终于设法弄到了这个报告的副本。‎ We should try to acquire good habits.‎ 我们应该努力养成好习惯。‎ He found it easy to earn extra money.‎ 他发现赚点额外收入很容易。‎ But we can only achieve it together.‎ 然而，只有共同奋斗才能实现它。‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎ ‎①The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts.‎ 那位新闻记者立即着手获取这些重要的事实。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②Knowledge can be obtained through study.‎ ‎ ‎ 知识可通过学习获得。 ‎ ‎5. forbid ‎ vt. (forbade/forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止；妨碍 常用结构：‎ forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事）‎ forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers. ‎ 法律禁止使用化学肥料。‎ I forbid you to tell anyone. ‎ 我不准你告诉任何人。‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎ ‎①飞机上禁止吸烟。‎ Smoking is forbidden on the plane. ‎ ‎②他爸爸不准他和她交谈。‎ His father forbade him to talk to her.‎ ‎③要禁止小孩不玩电脑游戏很难。‎ It is hard to forbid children to play computer games. ‎ ‎6. owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；应该把……归功于……；感激，感恩 常用结构：‎ owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠(某人)债 owe sth. to sb./sth.将某事物归因或归功于某人/事 He owes his father ￡50. = He owes ￡50 to his father. ‎ 他欠他父亲50英镑。‎ We owe this discovery to Newton. ‎ 我们把这一发现归功于牛顿。‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词填空 ‎ ‎①How much do I owe you the groceries?‎ ‎②He owes his success more luck than ability.‎ ‎③I owe a lot my wife and children. ‎ ‎ 答案：①for②to; to③ to ‎ ‎7. resist vt.抵抗；对抗 常用结构：‎ resist sth. 抵制；阻挡某事 resist doing sth. 反对做某事 can’t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 The nation was unable to resist the invasion. ‎ 该国无力抵抗侵略。‎ A healthy body resists disease. ‎ 健康的身体能抵御疾病。‎ I could hardly resist laughing. ‎ 我忍不住笑了。‎ resistance n. 抵抗，反抗；抵抗力 resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的 be resistant to sb./sth.对某人/某事有抵抗力 resister n. 抵制者；抗拒者；电阻器 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎ ‎①He resisted being carried off.‎ 他阻挡别人把他带走。 ‎ ‎②She can not resist the temptation of chocolate.‎ 她无法抗拒巧克力的诱惑 。‎ 重点短语 ‎8. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动语态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇；(对……进行)报复；收买(某人)‎ At last, his hard work paid off. ‎ 最后，他的努力得到了回报。‎ Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗?‎ 联想拓展 pay for付……的钱；为……而付出代价 pay back sth./pay sb. back sth. 偿还某物/偿还某人某物 pay sb. ...for sth. 因某事而付给某人……‎ pay sb. ...to do sth. 付给某人……去做某事 pay sb. back for sth. 向……报复 ‎ 高手过招 ‎（1）单项填空 If you go for a long ride in a friends car, its the custom to offer to some of the expenses. ‎ A. pay B. pay off C. pay for D. pay back ‎（2）用pay的相关短语填空 ‎①After ten years of hard working she finally ‎ ‎ her debt.‎ ‎②Our efforts are sure to .‎ ‎③Have you the milkman this week?‎ ‎④Have you the money the bank yet?‎ ‎⑤I will you next week.‎ 答案：(1)解析：选C。根据句意可知，这里表示 为……偿付一部分费用 ，故选C。pay for 为……而付钱；为……付出代价。‎ ‎(2)① paid off②pay off③paid④paid; to⑤pay; back ‎9. in favour of ‎ 赞成;支持；有利于；主张 I am in favour of stopping work now. 我赞成现在停止工作。‎ in sb.’s favour 对某人有利 do sb. a favour /do a favour for sb. 帮某人忙 do sb. the favour to do sth./do sb. a favour by doing sth.帮助某人做某事 favour vt. 赞同；支持 The child favours his father with his brown eyes. ‎ 这个孩子棕色的眼睛像他的父亲。 ‎ 温馨提示 表示 支持，赞同某人/某事 除了用in favour of之外；还可以用：be for ‎ sb./sth.; stand on one’s side等。‎ be against sb./sth.表示 不支持，不赞同某人/某事 。 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 I don’t like to ask people for help as a rule but I wonder if you could me a favour. ‎ A. make B. do C. find D. get ‎(2)用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 ‎ in case of/in consequence of/in favour of/in possession of ‎①All his family are his decision to work in western area after graduation.‎ ‎②While reading, coming across new words, you¡¯d better guess their meanings rather than refer to the dictionary.‎ ‎③Mary told me that she was some lovely jewels.‎ ‎④They had to move to another city the typhoon. ‎ 答案：(1)解析：选B。句意为：通常我不喜欢向别人寻求帮助，但我希望你能帮我的忙。do sb. a favour 帮某人忙。‎ ‎(2)①in favour of ②in case of ‎ ‎10. (be) bound to do ...‎ 一定或注定(做)……‎ The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. ‎ 明天天气一定会变好的。 ‎ You’ve done so much work that you’re bound to pass the exam.你下了这么大功夫, 一定能通过考试。 ‎ 联想拓展 ‎ bound v. 跳跃;限制;形成……的界限 n. 跳跃;界限;范围 adj.必然的,一定的 be bound to sth. 受……限制；被……所束缚 ‎ be bound for 准备到……去；开往；去……地方 be bound up with 与……有密切关系 ‎ 高手过招 用括号内所给词语的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①These problems were almost bound (arise). ‎ ‎②When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes (bound) happen. ‎ 答案： ① to arise ②are bound to ‎ ‎11. be in good/poor condition 状况很好（坏）;情况很好（坏）‎ 联想拓展 out of condition 状况欠佳 working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境 on condition (that)... 在……条件下；‎ 倘若¡¡ ‎ on no condition 一点也不; 决不 in excellent condition 处于极佳的状况 The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航。‎ The car is still in excellent condition. 这辆汽车状况极佳。 ‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词填空 ‎ ‎①The car has been well maintained and is excellent condition. ‎ ‎②He¡¯s excellent condition a man of his age. ‎ ‎③I had no exercise for ages; I’m really of condition. ‎ ‎④You can go out condition that you wear an overcoat.‎ 答案：① in ②in; for ③out ④on ‎ 重点句型 ‎12. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. ‎ 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。‎ 当时间副词now, then位于句首，谓语是come, appear等表示 出现 一类的动词时，主句用全倒装语序。‎ Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 In the dark forests , some large enough to hold several English towns. ‎ A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand 解析：选B。考查词语辨析及倒装语序。当地点状语位于句首时，主句用全部倒装，表示某物存在于某处，应用动词lie。 ‎ 单元阅读理解专题训练 阅读理解（共5小题；共10.0分）‎ ‎ AIDS-related illnesses have killed more than 30 million people since 1981. That's half as many deaths as in World War II. And it's not over. An estimated 1.1 million Americans are among the 33 million people worldwide who are now living with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.‎ ‎ Between 1884 and 1924, somewhere near modern-day Kinshasa in West Central Africa, a hunter kills a chimpanzee. Some of the animal's blood enters the hunter's body, possibly through an open wound. The blood carries a virus harmless to the chimp but deadly to humans: HIV.‎ ‎ In June, 1981, the CDC publishes a report from Los Angeles of five young homosexual men with fatal or life-threatening PCP pneumonia.‎ ‎ First cases recognized. In 1985, Rock Hudson dies of AIDS. Larry Kramer's AIDS play, "The Normal Heart." shocks New York audiences.‎ ‎ In 1986, for the first time, President Reagan publicly utters the word "AIDS." In 1987, Princess Diana is photographed hugging people with AIDS. Reagan makes his first speech on AIDS. Liberace dies of AIDS. Three years later, Photographer Robert Mapplethorpe dies of AIDS.‎ ‎ In 1988, the first World AIDS DAY is held on Dec. 1. During 1991-1992, the red ribbon is introduced as a symbol of AIDS solidarity(团结一致). But AIDS becomes the leading cause of death in U.S. men aged 25-44 and ten years later, AIDS becomes the leading cause of death worldwide for people aged 15 to 59.‎ ‎ In 2008, for the first time, global AIDS deaths decline. UNAIDS calculates that the global spread of AIDS peaked in 1996 at 3.5 million new infections. Deaths peaked in 2004, at 2.2 million. Yet AIDS Day 2009 brings surprising figures: 2.7 million new HIV infections and 2 million AIDS deaths in the previous year.‎ ‎ Researchers have discovered more than a dozen antibodies that target the HIV virus. They hope that these discoveries will lead to a vaccine that offers long-term protection against AIDS. One antibody in particular, PGT 128, is considered among the most potent and promising—preventing about 70% of viruses from infecting cells in laboratory tests.‎ ‎12. Why does the author mention the year 1981 in the first paragraph?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Because there is no recorder before 1981.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Because the author thinks 1981 is the first year of a decade.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Because in 1981, the first case of AIDS was confirmed.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Because there was fewer AIDS before 1981, even none.‎ ‎13. What is the second paragraph mainly about?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ HIV: from monkeys to humans.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ A hunter's killing caused HIV.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ HIV is harmless to the chimpanzee.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ HIV is deadly to humans.‎ ‎14. How many famous people died of AIDS mentioned in the passage between 1985 and 1991?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ 2.‎ B.‎ ‎ 3.‎ C.‎ ‎ 4.‎ D.‎ ‎ 5.‎ ‎15. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ The red ribbon and the World AIDS Day are both the symbols of AIDS solidarity.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ In 2008, AIDS caused most deaths since 1981 and the death ‎ began to go down.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ In 1986, President Reagan used the word "AIDS" and made a speech on it.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ During 2001-2002, AIDS is the leading cause of death in the world aged 15 to 59.‎ ‎16. What attitude does the author have towards the treatment to AIDS in the future?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Pessimistic.‎ B.‎ ‎ Optimistic.‎ C.‎ ‎ Objective.‎ D.‎ ‎ Uncertain.‎ 四、完形填空（共20小题；共30.0分）‎ ‎ Steven Ward of Brunel University, London, wrote to say that "The Historical Origin of the Middle Finger Gesture (MFG) is a bit confused, you need the middle 17   and index finger to fire a bow. The MFG is known in the UK, but we 18   the 'victory' sign made popular by Churchill, in a similar way." 19   struck me that the French might well consider it sufficient to 20   just the middle finger.‎ ‎ But what is really needed here is the time machine historian with a video camera to nail down the 21  . Before the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the French, anticipating(预期) victory over the 22  , proposed to 23   the middle finger of all ‎ ‎24   English soldiers. Without the middle finger, it would be 25   to draw the well-known English longbow and therefore be incapable of fighting 26  .‎ ‎ This famous 27   was made of the native English Yew tree and the act of 28   the longbow was known as "plucking the yew". Much to the 29   of the French, the English won a major upset and began mocking(嘲弄) the French by 30   their middle fingers at the 31   French, saying, "See, we can still pluck(拉) yew! PLUCK YEW!"‎ ‎ Over the years, some "folk etymologies(词源学)" have grown up around this symbolic 32  . Since "pluck yew" is rather 33   to say (like "pleasant mother, pheasant plucker", which is who you had to go to for the feathers used on the arrows for the longbow), the difficult consonant(辅音的) group at the beginning has gradually changed to an "F", and thus the 34   often used in conjunction with the one-finger-salute are 35   thought to have something to do with an intimate encounter. It is also because of the pheasant feathers on the 36   that the symbolic gesture is known as "giving the bird".‎ ‎17.‎ A.‎ ‎ hand B.‎ ‎ foot C.‎ ‎ head D.‎ ‎ finger ‎ use ‎ make ‎ create ‎ take ‎18.‎ A.‎ B.‎ C.‎ D.‎ ‎19.‎ A.‎ ‎ What B.‎ ‎ It C.‎ ‎ That D.‎ ‎ Which ‎20.‎ A.‎ ‎ have B.‎ ‎ move C.‎ ‎ remove D.‎ ‎ shake ‎21.‎ A.‎ ‎ history B.‎ ‎ story C.‎ ‎ experience D.‎ ‎ truth ‎22.‎ A.‎ ‎ Japanese B.‎ ‎ Spanish C.‎ ‎ English D.‎ ‎ Swiss ‎23.‎ A.‎ ‎ cut off B.‎ ‎ put on C.‎ ‎ take off D.‎ ‎ hold on ‎24.‎ A.‎ ‎ lost B.‎ ‎ killed C.‎ ‎ blamed D.‎ ‎ captured ‎25.‎ A.‎ ‎ necessary B.‎ ‎ impossible C.‎ ‎ possible D.‎ ‎ compulsory ‎26.‎ A.‎ ‎ in the past B.‎ ‎ at present C.‎ ‎ in the future D.‎ ‎ nowadays ‎27.‎ A.‎ ‎ weapon B.‎ ‎ battle C.‎ ‎ prediction D.‎ ‎ story ‎28.‎ A.‎ ‎ pulling B.‎ ‎ pushing C.‎ ‎ painting D.‎ ‎ drawing ‎ joy ‎ surprise ‎ delight ‎29.‎ A.‎ B.‎ ‎ amusement C.‎ D.‎ ‎30.‎ A.‎ ‎ waving B.‎ ‎ playing C.‎ ‎ winding D.‎ ‎ drawing ‎31.‎ A.‎ ‎ delighted B.‎ ‎ defeated C.‎ ‎ confused D.‎ ‎ puzzled ‎32.‎ A.‎ ‎ word B.‎ ‎ sentence C.‎ ‎ event D.‎ ‎ gesture ‎33.‎ A.‎ ‎ easy B.‎ ‎ difficult C.‎ ‎ convenient D.‎ ‎ different ‎34.‎ A.‎ ‎ consonant B.‎ ‎ yew C.‎ ‎ words D.‎ ‎ people ‎35.‎ A.‎ ‎ mistakenly B.‎ ‎ suddenly C.‎ ‎ eventually D.‎ ‎ usually ‎36.‎ A.‎ ‎ longbows B.‎ ‎ pronunciations ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ fingers D.‎ ‎ arrows 答案 三、阅读理解 ‎12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D ‎ ‎16. B ‎ 四、完形填空 ‎17. D 18 (暂无答案) 19. B 20. C ‎ ‎21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B ‎ ‎26 (暂无答案) 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A ‎ ‎31. B 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A ‎ ‎36. D ‎