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中考英语 专题 词语运用试题含解析
专题17 词语运用 ☞解读考点 《标准》指出:基础教育阶段学生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五个方面的内容。词汇是与语法等同等重要的语言知识。然而,就服务于交际目的而言,词汇甚至比语法更重要。正如英国语言学家Wilkins所说:“没有语法人们难以很好地表达,但是没有词汇,则什么也不能表达。”就中考而言,词汇不过关,单选题题干和选项读不懂,阅读一知半解甚至不知所云,就更不用谈对词汇要求更高的书面表达了。有的省市中考试题还有直接考查词汇的单词拼写题,例如,安徽省中考英语试题第96—100题就要求根据首字母、中文及句子提示写5个单词,学生得分率相当低。可以说,没有一定的词汇功底,听、说、读、写、译,哪一步都寸步难行。因此,词汇之于英语学习的重要性不言而喻。 直击考点 词汇复习策略 作为中考之前的总复习,不能忽视词汇的“战略地位”。下面就中考词汇复习的一些做法总结如下: 1. 思想动员,不令而行 思想是行动的先导。在复习之前,对学生进行“思想”教育,帮助学生树立正确的英语学习观,充分认识到词汇积累对英语学习的重要性;充分认识到本次总复习是重新学习积累初中词汇的绝佳机会;也是让自己的英语学习上一个新台阶的绝好机会。这样,学生的思想上引起重视,后面的实际行动就“不令而行”了。如果思想上不引起重视,就虽令难从了。 2.教给方法,注重策略 毋庸置疑,词汇的积累是有科学的方法的。显然,那种一味逼学生抄单词或背单词表的方法是十分不可取的。不仅记忆效果不好,而且使得学习兴趣消失殆尽。其结果与教师的初衷背道而驰。那么,教师就应该教给学生词汇积累的科学方法,使学生在紧张的复习中既保持浓厚的兴趣,又能起到事半功倍的效果。 1)及时复习:有些学生抱怨单词难记,记得快,忘的更快,这大多是不了解大脑记忆规律所致。所以,有必要将德国心理学家艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus,1850-1909)对遗忘规律的研究“遗忘曲线”介绍给学生。并且根据此曲线要求学生在记完单词后的一天后、三天后及时回顾,每个周末对当周复习的词汇在进行浏览和复习。 2)教给学生具体的单词积累方法。主题法:新目标的英语每个单元围绕一个话题展开,把与主题相关的词汇放到一起集中复习。如,九年级unit 1How do you study English?大量与谈论英语学习方法有关的词汇。归类法:按动物、国籍、月份、星期等分类复习词汇。如,让学生先复习月份和星期的词汇,然后再要求学生默写。词类联想法:如由名词success联想到动词succeed形容词successful副词successfully。音形结合法:这是积累单词的一个主要方法,尤其是一些长单词如congratulation/environment等词汇。 3)鼓励学生创新,找出富有个性化的记单词法。如有个学生说他把coach这个词想成“‘教练’有‘口吃’”,把德国宝马轿车的缩写BMW(Bavarian Motor Works)想成“别摸我”。再如,有人把economy想成“发展‘经济’要‘依靠农民’”。我想,只要能记住词汇,用用这样的怪招又何妨?而且这样的怪招还往往令学生兴味盎然,效果极佳。 4)要求每个学生准备一个词汇本。学生自己每天记住的词汇、没记住的词汇、重要的词汇都要记录在案,虽然有点麻烦,但是,可以让词汇的复习做到有的放矢,事半功倍。 3. 加强监督,以查促记 中考总复习时各科都在热火朝天地进行,学生每天的作业多,任务重,在积累词汇方面学生难免有偷懒的时候。所以每节课我都要提前去教室监督学生积累单词,并亲自听写单词,当堂让学生交换批改。对于听写不合格的学生进行课后跟踪,直到过关合格为止。 4. 一轮课本,二轮考纲 第一轮复习以课本为纲,学生复习词汇自然按照课本的的顺序按部就班地进行。按课本顺序也容易唤起学生的曾经的记忆,提高复习的效率。考前一个月《考纲》到手,就及时将考纲上的词汇表印发给学生。考纲上的词汇表按照字母表的顺序排列,而且没有中文翻译。经过第一轮的复习后,学生应该对词汇比较熟悉了。所以第一步要求学生对词汇表进行“瘦身”——把认识的单词画上对号,不认识的单词注上中文,然后再有针对性地进行积累。尤其要提醒学生注意的是,词汇表上有而课本上没有词汇,要重点学习。 5. 读写运用,巩固提高 积累的词汇难记易忘,除了记忆方法的原因之外,主要就是缺乏运用,积累了而不运用就成了消极词汇。将积累词汇和读写运用相分离是英语教学的大忌。因此,要鼓励和引导学生在听说读写中积极运用所记词汇,将大脑中消极词汇转化成积极词汇。对单词的掌握本身包含音、形、义、用四个方面,换句话说不会用就不能算是对词汇的真正掌握。并且,不把词汇积累放到具体的语言环境中去,很有可能误解词义,混淆用法。例如,without一词意思为“无,没有”,词性是介词,e.g. We can’t go to school without breakfast, it’s bad for our health. 学生经常将此词误用作动词。我的做法是:每两天印发一篇完型填空和阅读短文(中考真题,文质兼美,难度偏易)给学生,要求除完成后面的题目外,再精读短文,找出文中的经典句子加以分析和积累。这样既给学生运用词汇搭建了平台,还培养了学生的读写能力。 英语学习是一项复杂的系统工程,然而,“万丈高楼平地起”,解决好了词汇积累的问题,就为今后的英语学习打下了坚实的基础。但是词汇的积累又非一日之功,单靠总复习时突击强化只能是治标不治本,关键还是要在平时学习中重视词汇的日积月累,在非毕业班时就稳扎稳打,夯实基础。 ☞2年中考 [2014年题组] 1. 【2014年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考】 用所给词或短语的适当形式填空:(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 61—70小题 drop in; at the same time; try out; teach; behave; ever since; on one’s own; rather than; science; terrible; My uncle always _______________________ on us when he came to our city. He didn’t want to go to school by pretending to be __________________ ill. The Science Museum is a good place for children __________________ their new ideas. Children should __________________ how to respect others in their daily life. He went to France the year before last and I haven’t heard from him _______________then. He didn’t get any help and had to complete the work _________________. The naughty boy is always punished by his mother for his bad_____________. Most of the teenagers like eating junk food __________________ healthy food. They found out the truth by doing a lot of__________________ experiments. This DVD is quite useful. It can help us learn English and enjoy the beautiful sights of many places _______________________. 【答案】 dropped in terribly to try out be taught ever since on his own behaviour rather than scientific at the same time 考点:考查选词填空 2. 【2014年山东省临沂市中考】 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空,每空格限填一词。 There are (seventh) small apples in the bowl. Mona also bought an alarm clock yesterday. I compared my alarm clock with (her). Everyone knows that (library) are places for people to study. Listen. Do you hear the sound of birds outside? Thanks to your ears, you can hear it (clear). It is said that (tomorrow) sports meeting has been put off because of the bad weather. His two daughters are very (difference) from each other. The (win) of the photo competition was a 30-year-old man from Shanghai. Mr Smith and his son used to smoke, but they (like) smoking now because they think it’s unhealthy. 【答案】 seven hers libraries clearly tomorrow’s different winner dislike 考点:考查单词填空 3. 【2014年四川省乐山市中考】 根据下列句子的句意、汉语提示或英文解释,写出空白处所缺单词的正确形式;每 空一词。 Olivia likes to play the ________(钢琴) to relax herself after doing homework. The word OK is one of the most ____________(广泛地) spoken expressions in the world. Jim wants to buy a new iPhone. It will ______(花费) him more than 5000 yuan. Can you imagine a life _________(not having) phones or the Internet? Don’t believe in a ________(a person who is not familiar) or online information easily. 【答案】 piano widely cost/take without stranger 考点:考查单词填空 4. 【2014年福建省漳州市中考】 根据旬意和汉语提示,在空格中填入正确的单词。(每空填一词) Kate is a_____(高的)girl with a round face. The_______(老板)used to support poor children Walk _______(沿着)the road and turn right at the first crossing They usually have some milk and________(面包)for breakfast. Young people should_______(掌握)English and computer technology. The children were so happy that they could_______(几乎不)speak. Zheng He even_______(航行)to the east coast of Africa during the Ming dynasty 【答案】 tall boss along bread master hardly sailed 考点:词汇运用。 [2015年题组] 1.(2015年江苏苏州中考)词汇检测(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 根据下列句子及所给汉语注释或通过上下文,在答题卡上标有题号的横线上,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每空只写一词。 41.Helen (点头) with a smile when she met me. 42.Becky (明智地) decided to tell us the truth. 43.Justin lay back and enjoyed the (安宁) of the summer evening. 44.The bank is (在…对面) the supermarket, on the other side of the road. 45.My cousin used to be very interested in (收集) postcards. 46.Edison is one of the greatest (发明家) in the world. 47.Mr. Green often (惩罚) his children by not letting them play games. 48.— Thanks for lending me the book Black Beauty. — Don’t it. 49.— What’s the of the elephant? — About two tons. 50.— Have you drunk all the milk? — Yes. Look, the bottle is now. 【答案】 41.nodded 42.wisely 43.peace 44.opposite 45.collecting 46.inventors 47.punishes 48.mention 49.weight 50.empty 【考点定位】:考查单词拼写。 2.(2015浙江杭州模拟) 第一节 单词拼写(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分) 根据下列句子及所给的首字母,在答题纸上按题号写出各单词的正确、完全形式(每空填一词)。 71. Good morning, boys and g . Let’s begin our class. 72. I’m a of snakes because I think they are dangerous. 73. I’m going to Tom’s birthday p next Monday. 74. A rose(玫瑰) is a f that has a good smell. 75. Mother w me up at 6 o’clock yesterday morning and told me it was time to get up. 71. Fifty and fifty is one h . 72. The telephone was i by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, that is, he was the first person to make the telephone. 73. All the students are studying at school e Tom, who is ill at home. 74. —W bag is this? —It’s mine. 75. Dr. Naismith d the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play basketball. 【答案】 71.girls 72.afraid 73.party 74.flower 75.woke 76.hundred 77.invented 78.except 79.Whose 80.divided 【考点定位】单词拼写 3.(2015年四川宜宾模拟) 单词描写。根据句意及首字母或汉语提示拼写韵语。(每空一词,每小题1分,共5分) 68. Tony likes sports, __________________(尤其是)football. 69. After some exercise, she looks much __________________(瘦的)than before. 70. May is the f_________ month of a year. 71. I often help my parents do h_________ on weekends, such as dong some cleaning. 72. Now more and more young teachers v__________________ to teach in the countryside. 【答案】 68. especially; 69. thinner; 70. fifth; 71. housework; 72. volunteer 【考点定位】单词拼写。 ☞考点归纳 中考对词汇的考查主要集中在单词拼写、词形变化及语法知识和固定搭配等几个方面。这就要求考生在平时一定要熟记大纲所规定的考查单词及相关短语搭配,明辨近义词的不同用法,更重要的是要做到对单词的词形变化及语法知识的活学活用。预计2015年河北中考对词汇的考查重点仍放在实词的拼写及同义词辨析上。 Ⅰ.单词拼写解题应注意的事项: 1. 要根据上下文之意,熟练运用所学词汇。 【例1】 It is important for us to learn English ________(好). 【解析】good, well都意为“好”,因learn为动词,须用well副词修饰动词。故填well。 【例2】 It?s cold outside. Please put on your w________ winter coat. 【解析】cold outside意为“外面冷”,故须穿上暖和的冬衣。以w开头的单词有warm意为“暖和的”。 2.要理解全句,填准词,因为有时英汉并非一一对应。 【例3】 The boy ________(穿着) a jacket is my brother. 【解析】根据中文提示此处可填wears。但句中已有谓语动词is,故只能用介词in表穿着。 3.要分析所填单词充当的句子成分,判断所填单词的词性。 【例4】 After (完成) his homework, Jim went to play basketball with his friends. 【解析】After为介词,须用finish的动名词形式作介词的宾语。故填finishing。 4.要注意英汉语言之间的区别。对于有多个相同意思的单词,要选择最符合英语习惯的那个。 【例5】 They ________(到达) at a small village at last. 【解析】get, arrive, reach都可意为“到达”。与at搭配的动词为arrive。故填arrived。 5.要规范、工整地拼写出单词,不要因书写而丢分。 【例6】用方框中所给词汇的适当形式填空(每词限用一次)。 already, dictionary, help ,hundred ,tall 1. What a nice girl Sally is! She often ________ to do housework. 2. Can you imagine what life will be like one ________ years from now? 3. It is not a right way to use a ________ every time you come to a new word while reading. 4. Although he is only ten, the child has ________ learned three languages. 5. To my surprise, Amy has changed a lot. She is much ________ than me now. 【答案】 1. helps; 2. hundred; 3. dictionary; 4. already;5. taller Ⅱ.选词填空解题应注意事项: 1.先对备选的词汇的词性作简单标记,如:名词n.,动词v.,形容词a.,副词ad. 等。同时对词义作初步的理解。 2.根据题意或通读全文,猜测空格中所缺的信息,注意发现固定搭配关系,根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。 3. 在填词过程中要注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义,又要保证句式结构的正确。为了方便记忆,试着记住下面的顺口溜:空前空后要注意,“名词”单复数要牢记,还有“?s”不能弃,“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意要用三种级,要填“数词”请留意,千万别忘 “基” 和“序”,填入“代词”需慎重,五格变化要谨记。 4. 完成填词后,应通读全文,复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误,以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时,切勿错位。 Ⅲ.近几年中考题常见词汇题型有 : 根据句意(短文)及首字母提示完成单词; 根据句意 ( 短文 ) 及汉语提示完成单词 ; 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 ; 从方框中选择恰当的词 (并用其适当形式)完成句子(短文)。 只要掌握一些方法技巧结合自己对基础知识的掌握和理解能力还是不 难攻破的。 词汇运用题旨在考察学生词汇、语法、句法及综合理解能力。这也就是要求我们在复 习基础知识和基本技能这一阶段,考生应该把所学的单词、短语、过去式、过去分词(不规 则)等,过一遍筛子,从而达到查缺补漏的目的,同时也为词语运用和单词适当形式变化拼 写奠定坚实的基础。 词语运用题只要考生能在阅读短文的同时,根据文意,将词语填入文中,使短文意思 完整,就完成了一大步。 这就要求同学们在总复习时做到: 1.要加强基础知识和基本技能的学习训练,掌握大量的单词和固定短语搭配。 2.要重视语言的上下文理解,把语言放到真实的语境中。 3.要了解英语语言的背景知识和文化知识,尽可能用英语去理解英语。这样才能在解 答此题时,得心应手。 但是大家都知道它不仅仅是单纯地测试单词,而是把单词放在句子中和句子有机地结 合起来,旨在考查单词的运用技 巧。 因此在复习和考试中,解此题应注意以下几个方面: a 如果所填的词是名词,则要注意是可数名词还是不可数名词,如果是可数名词,则要 注意它的单、复数形式。 b 如果要考查的词是形容词、副词,则要注意其等级变化,特别要注意的是那些特殊的 形式, 像: bad,badly,ill 所共用的比较级、 最高级形式 worse,worst;像 little 的比较级、 最高级 less,least 等,更应该引起考生的注意。 c 如果是动词,则要注意其单数第三人称的形式,还有过去式,过去分词等变化,以及 其非谓语动词的运用。 d 如果是人称代词,则要注意使用的是主格还是宾格。 e 如果是物主代词, 则要注意是名词性物主代词还是形容词性物主代词的形式。 以及反 身代词等的用法。 f 注意固定词组固定句型及时态语态 选词填空解题注意事项及技巧 根据上下文→选定单词→根据语境、语法、句法和构词法填写词语 1.先对备选词汇的词性作简单标记,如名词 n.,动词 v.,形容词 adj.,副词 adv.等。 同时对词义做初步的理解。 2.根据题意或通读全文,猜测空格中所缺的信息,注意发现固定搭配关系,根据需要 去备选词汇中寻找匹配的 ☞解题技能 1. 跳过空格,通读短文,了解大意。 2. 复读短文,确定语义,判断词形。 A.) 利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的意义. 首字母和汉语既是提示又是限制。必须注意词形的变化,包括名词的单复数、动词的时态、形容词和副词的比较级(最高级)等。 B.)再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填的词的正确形式。 词汇运用试题目的主要是考查学生对单词的拼写能力,以及词形变化和语法知识运用和词组辨别能力等。试题通常以语篇或对话的形式出现,测试内容以实词为主,虚词很少。测试题型为单词拼写、选词填空、根据首字母填空等。 一、解题步骤: 1、快速浏览,了解大意。对于简单有把握的空,可以先填出来; 2、上下求索,填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系,填出正确的词以及正确的形式; 3、通读全文,检查确认。特别要注意,根据文章意思,有些空是否要加入否定前缀。 二、解题思路: 1、有提示词 这类题和咱们以前用所给词的正确形式填空做题方法基本一致,首先需要我们根据上下文,分析句子成分,确定空格所需要的词性,再根据前后文确定词形。 (1)如果要填入动词,我们需要判断到底是谓语动词和非谓语动词。 如果缺谓语动词,就要考虑到时态和语态的变化。 若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,那么我们应该填入非谓语动词,这时我们需要确定到底是to do, doing还是done的形式。 ☞1年模拟 1.(湖北黄冈模拟试题) 根据括号内的汉语提示,完成句子。(每空一词) 78. My aunt has a nice pet cat.______(它的)name is Mimi. 79. English is __________(广泛地)spoken all over the world now. 80. The delicious dishes are used for ________(招待)the guests.You mustn’t eat them before they come. 81.There are two malls here.It’s very __________(方便的)to go shopping. 82. We all know that ________(知识)is power. 83. Yesterday he ________(建议)that we should have an English evening party here. 【答案】 78.Its 79.widely 80.treating 81.convenient 82.knowledge 83.suggested 考点:词汇填空。 2.(福建泉州模拟) (A) 词汇运用(10分) ◆选择括号内恰当的单词或词组填入空白处,使句意完整、正确。 77. —Is Mr. Brown going there by air? —I’m not sure. He (may/ must) go by train. 78. —How much water is there in the bottle? —Only (little/ a little). 79. —These flowers (smell/ taste) sweet. Do you know their names? —They are roses. 80. —Are your parents (angry/ pleased) with you this time? —Of course. I passed all the exams. 【答案】 77.may 78.a little 79.smell 80.pleased 考点:考查词汇运用。 3.(江苏无锡)词汇运用(本大题共8分,每小题1分) (A) 根据句意和汉语注释,在答题卡标有题号的横线上,写出单词的正确形式。 38. If you step into this field, you will find many interesting (发明) 39.Please check that all the personal information have been (正确地) entered. 40. We were all unhappy to learn that the picnic was (取消) . 41. In fact, the film is based on (古代的) history. 【答案】 38.inventions 39.correctly 40.cancelled/canceled 41.ancient 考点:单词适当形式填空。 (B)根据句意,在答题卡标有题号的横线上,写出括号内所给单词的适当形式。 42. My grandfather still grows flowers in his (ninety). 43.Since Alibaba appeared on the market, Jack Ma has become the (wealth) man in Asia. 44. All the students (success) in passing the exams at last. 45.More and more (Europe) come to China for a visit every year. 【答案】 42.nineties 43.wealthiest 44.succeeded 45.Europeans 【解析】 试题分析: 42.nineties句意:爷爷90多岁仍然种花。“in one’s+数词复数”表示在某人多少岁的时候。 43.wealthiest句意:自从阿里巴巴出现在集市上,Jack Ma就成为亚洲最富有的人。根据地域范围in Asia可知要用形容词最高级,故填wealthiest. 44.succeeded句意:所有学生最后都成功通过了考试。根据句意可知用过去时,故填过去式succeeded. 45.Europeans句意:越来越多的欧洲人每年到中国来参观。根据句意可知要用名词的复数形式,故填Europeans. 考点:考查单词的适当形式填空。 4.(江苏南京)填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) A) 根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词,使句子意思完整正确,并将答案填写在答卷纸标号为41-45的相应位置上。 41. Police often find (猎人) in Africa kill animals for their fur to make money. 42. After Tom left high school, he (选择) to work to support his family. 43. The soldiers are continuing searching for missing people at the (冒险) of losing their own in the earthquake areas. 44. The actress is in her forties. I thought she was much (年轻的). 45. The Lion King is such an interesting cartoon film that it is worth (看) a second time. 【答案】 41.hunters 42.chose 43.risk 44.younger 45.seeing 考点:词汇填空。 B)根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空,并将答案填写在答卷纸标号为46-50的相应位置上。 46. The story happened about two (century) ago. 47. Besides the funny actors in the film, the story (it) is really interesting. 48. In China, the number “eight” is thought to be a (luck) number by many people. 49. We can make a big difference to the earth by (do) small changes. 50. The elephant is seriously ill. It is (die). 【答案】 46.centuries 47.itself 48.lucky 49.doing 50.dying 考点:词汇填空。查看更多