2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit5学案设计（35页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit5学案设计（35页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit5学案设计 话题素材——古代文化 好词 ‎1.historian n. 历史学家 ‎2.primitive adj. 原始的 ‎3.ancient adj. 古代的 ‎4.civilizedadj. 文明的 ‎5.hardship n. 苦难 ‎6.cultural gap 文化差距 ‎7.originate from 起源于 ‎8.come into being 形成；产生；出现 ‎9.historic relics 历史遗产 ‎10.date back to/date from 追溯到 ‎11.in memory of 为了纪念 ‎12.pass down 传递；使流传 ‎13.look back at history 回顾历史 ‎14.settle in 定居；安顿下来 ‎15.ancient society 古代社会 佳句 ‎1.In the course of history, every event will exert its influence on the_past and the_present.‎ 在历史的发展演进中，每一件事都会产生对当时的影响和后世的意义。‎ ‎2.Life consists_of_not_only sunshine but_also hard times.‎ 生活包含的不仅仅是阳光，还有艰苦岁月。‎ ‎3.This is the_site_of Upper Cave man, where our ancestors once lived.‎ 这就是山顶洞人的遗址，我们祖先在远古生活的地方。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ To the southwest of Beijing lies Zhoukoudian， where Peking Man are believed to have lived. They lived in the caves， regardless of the cold. They didn't have mats， blankets or quilts. But they made fires to cook the food， scare wild beasts away and keep warm.‎ Peking Man didn't grow their own crops but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals with a spear. They used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin， onto which they rubbed an ample amount of salt to make it soft. They used a needle， which was at most three centimeters long， to make clothes made from the skins. They even wore a primitive necklace， which was made of seashells.‎ Peking Man suffered from cold， starvation and diseases. However， the discovery of the cave made by archeologists is of great significance to the study of human history.‎ 高频单词 ‎1．alternative (n.) 可能的选择 (adj.) 供选择的；其他的 ‎2．interrupt (vt.&vi.) 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止 ‎3．acute (adj.) 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的 ‎4．assume (vt.) 假定；设想；承担→assumption (n.) 假定 ‎5．significance (n.) 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant (adj.) 重要的 ‎6．somehow (adv.) 以……方式；不知怎么地 ‎7．delete (vt.) 删；删除 ‎8．applaud (vi.&vt.) 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause (n.) 鼓掌 ‎9．accelerate (vi.&vt.) 加速；促进→acceleration (n.) 加速 ‎10．arrest (vt.) 逮捕；吸引 (n.) 逮捕；拘留→arresting (adj.) 引人注意的；很有吸引力的 ‎11．starvation (n.) 挨饿；饿死→starve (vi.) 挨饿；饿死 ‎12．accuracy (n.) 精确；准确→accurate (adj.) 准确的；精确的 ‎13．messy (adj.) 凌乱的；脏的→mess (n.) 凌乱；脏 ‎14．sharpen (vi.&vt.) (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharp (adj.) 锋利的；尖锐的→sharpener (n.) 磨具；‎ 削具 ‎15．division (n.) 分割；划分；分配；分界线→divide (vt.) 划分；隔开；分割 ‎16．ripe (adj.) 成熟的→ripen (v.) 使……成熟；成熟 ‎17．receptionist (n.) 接待员；招待员→receive (v.) 收到；接待→reception (n.) 接待处；欢迎 ‎18．systematic (adj.)有系统的；有计划的；有条理的→system (n.)系统；体系 第 93 页 共 93 页 ‎19．analysis (n.) (pl.analyses)分析→analyse (vt.)分析；分解 重点短语 ‎1．regardless_of 不管；不顾 ‎2．at_most 至多；最多 ‎3．cut_up 切碎 ‎4．be_fed_up_with 受够了；饱受；厌烦 ‎5．look_ahead 向前看；为将来打算 ‎6．date_back_to 追溯到……‎ ‎7．arrest_sb._for... 因……而逮捕某人 ‎8．with_relief 欣慰地；轻松地 ‎9．be_proud_of 以……为骄傲 ‎10．turn_to_sb._for_help 向某人求助 ‎11．keep_out 阻止进入 ‎12．have_no_alternative_but_to_do... 别无选择；只好……‎ 热点句型 ‎1．It seems (to sb.) that...“(对某人来说)似乎……”‎ It_seems_that (看起来似乎) they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.(教材 P38)‎ ‎2．as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，意为“正如；正像”‎ Yes, indeed, as_the_botanical_analyses_have_shown_us (正如植物学的分析结果已经向我们展示的),‎ all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(教材 P39)‎ ‎3．if only 常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句，表示“要是……就好了”‎ If_only (要是……就好了)it could be just like last year！(教材 P43)‎ ‎4．“had＋过去分词．..when...”表示“刚刚……这时……”‎ She had_almost_reached (就要到达) her destination when(这时)a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.(教材 P43)‎ ‎5．only to do 表示意想不到的或令人失望的结果，意思是“结果却……”‎ Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up (结果却被……搂了起来)by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.(教材 P43)‎ 巩固训练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, ________ are interested in archaeology.‎ 答案：who ‎2．You must be aware that it's here ________ we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.‎ 答案：that ‎3．So we think it is reasonable ________ (assume) they lived in these caves, regardless ________ the cold.‎ 答案：to assume; of ‎4．They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. It must ________ (be) very uncomfortable.‎ 答案：have been ‎5．They might have kept the fire ________ (burn) all winter.‎ 答案：burning ‎6．We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep ________ the cold during the freezing winter.‎ 答案：out ‎7．We know that they moved around, ________ (follow) the herds of ‎ animals.‎ 答案：following ‎8．That's ________ they are called hunters and gatherers.‎ 答案：why ‎9．He had a large, square face, ________ strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones.‎ 答案：with ‎10．Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, ________ smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.‎ 答案：who ‎1 alternative adj.供选择的；其他的 n．可能的选择；选择对象 第 95 页 共 95 页 Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(P37)‎ 你能想到我们今天可供利用的办法吗？‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)have no alternative/choice but to_do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择 there's no alternative... ……别无选择 an alternative to... ……的替代品 ‎(2)alternativelyadv.可供选择地 语境助记 ‎①I'm afraid I have_no_alternative_but_to_report you to the police.‎ 恐怕除了向警方告发你以外，我别无选择了。‎ ‎②If you don't like the school lunch, you have_the_alternative_of_bringing your own.‎ 要是你不喜欢学校的午餐，你可以自己带饭。‎ ‎[联想] 完成下列“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式。‎ a．have no choice but to_do_sth.‎ b．can't do sth. but do_sth.‎ c．can do nothing but do_sth.‎ ‎2 interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；暂时中断或中止；打岔 I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here？(P38)‎ 对不起，打断了你的讲话，但是他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.) (因某事)打断某人/某事 ‎(2)interruptionn. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物 without interruption 连续地；不断地 语境助记 ‎①They were_interrupted by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.‎ 他们被突然而急促的敲门声打断了。‎ ‎②Let's go somewhere where we can talk without_interruption.‎ 我们去个说话不受打扰的地方吧。‎ ‎3 assume vt.假定；设想；承担 So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.(P38)‎ 所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒就住在这些洞穴里。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)assume sb./sth. to_be 假定/假设某人/某事为……‎ It is assumed that... ……被认为……‎ ‎(2)assumptionn. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that... 假定……‎ ‎(3)assuming/supposing (that)．.. 假设/假定……‎ 语境助记 ‎①We assumed_him_to_be the best writer of our time.‎ 我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。‎ ‎②Assuming/Supposing (that) it rains, what shall we do?‎ 假如下雨的话，我们该怎么办？‎ ‎③It_is generally assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.‎ 普遍认为，紧张是由于工作过多导致。‎ ‎4 significance n．意义；重要性；重要意义 His university was aware of the significance of his work. (P40)‎ 他所在的大学知道他的工作的重要性。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to... 对……(很/不/不太重要)‎ attach (great) significance to 认为……重要 ‎(2)significantadj. 重要的；明显的 be of significance＝be significant 重要；有意义 It is significant that... 很明显……‎ 常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语：‎ ‎①be of significance＝be significant ‎②be of importance＝be important ‎③be of value＝be valuable ‎④be of help＝be helpful ‎⑤be of use＝be useful 语境助记 ‎①[2016·浙江高考]There is a significant_increase of opportunities.‎ 机会有显著增加。‎ ‎②The factory set up the year before is significant to this area's economy.‎ 前年建起的这个工厂对这个地区的经济有着重大的意义。‎ ‎③The plan to be carried out is_greatly_significant_to people's lives there.‎ ‎＝The plan to be carried out is_of_great_significance_to people's lives there.‎ 将被实施的这项计划对那里的人们的生活非常重要。‎ ‎④For a very long time, people always have been trying to find out the significance of life.‎ 很长一段时间，人们一直在试图探索生命的意义。‎ ‎5 somehow adv.以某种方式(或方法)；不知怎么地 Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black because there was no alternative means of transport. (P40)‎ 不管怎样他都会骑车去三十英里之外的布莱克博士那儿，因为没有其他可供选择的交通方式。‎ 归纳拓展 somehow 常用于陈述句、否定句，可置于句首或句尾，修饰全句。‎ 语境助记 ‎①Both commentators, somehow,_are missing the point.‎ 不知怎么地，两位评论员都跑题了。‎ ‎②[朗文高阶]Don't worry, we'll get the money back somehow.‎ 别担心，我们总会把那些钱设法拿回来的。‎ ‎③As we all know, most of us middle school students feel somehow nervous whenever we're taking an important exam.‎ 众所周知，我们大多数中学生在要参加重要考试时，都会紧张。‎ 易混辨析 anyhow ＝anyway，意为“无论如何”‎ somehow 意为“以某种方式”或“由于某种原因；不知怎么地”‎ somewhat 意为“有点；稍微”‎ ‎④用 anyhow, somehow, somewhat 填空 a．I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow,_but I had no idea how to do that.‎ b．The price was somewhat higher than I'd expected.‎ c．It may rain, but anyhow I shall go out. I don't mind the rain.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1．The river forms the ________ (divide) between the old and new parts of the city.‎ 答案：division 由空格前的 the 可知，此处应填名词形式。division 名词“分界线”。‎ ‎2．Blood samples were sent to the laboratory for ________(analyse)．‎ 答案：analysis 句意：血样已被送往实验室进行血液分析。由空格前的介词 for 可知，此处应填 名词形式。‎ ‎3．The market for consuming health products is beginning ________ (ripen)．‎ 答案：to ripen 句意：消费健康产品的市场正日益成熟。当 begin 用于进行时，其后跟 to do, begin to do...“开始做……”。‎ ‎4．You shouldn't ________ (interrupt) the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards.‎ 答案：have interrupted 句意：你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事，你本可以会后告诉我的。shouldn't have done“本不该做……(却做了)”，故填 have interrupted。‎ ‎5．How did Ebbesmeyer prove his ________ (assume)?‎ 答案：assumption 句意：Ebbesmeyer 是如何证明他的假定的？由句意及 his 均可判定，设空处 应填名词形式。‎ ‎6．The policeman ________ (arrest) Tom for breaking into an old man's house.‎ 答案：arrested 结合语境可知用一般过去时，arrest sb. for (doing) sth.“因(做)某事逮捕某人”。‎ ‎7．While working out the problem, you should pay more attention to the ________ (accurate)．‎ 答案：accuracy 句意：在解决问题的时候，你应该多注意准确性。由空格前的冠词 the 可知，‎ 此处填名词形式。‎ ‎8．Over three hundred people have died of ________ (starve) since the beginning of the year.‎ 答案：starvation 句意：从年初起，已有 300 多人死于饥饿。die of 后缺少宾语，故应填名词 starvation。‎ ‎9．Every person stood up ________ (applaud) his unforgettable act of courage.‎ 答案：to applaud 句意：所有人起立为他不可磨灭的英勇之举鼓掌。此处不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎10．They ________ (sharp) chopsticks and use them as weapons.‎ 答案：sharpen 句意：他们把筷子削尖用作武器。该句缺少谓语动词，故应填 sharpen。‎ ‎1 regardless of 不管；不顾 So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. (P38)‎ 所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)regardless of the fact that... 不管；不顾……‎ ‎(2)in spite of＝despite 不顾；虽然；尽管……‎ ‎(3)as regards＝regarding＝in/with regard to 关于；至于 ‎(4)regard...as... 把……看作……‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·天津高考]Regardless_of_ your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.‎ 无论你选择什么课程，你都会既快又有效地发展你的语言能力。‎ ‎②Our club is open to everyone regardless_of age, sex or educational ‎ background.‎ 我们的俱乐部对每一个人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。‎ ‎③We arrived at the station in_spite_of the storm.‎ 虽然有暴风雨，我们仍准时到达火车站。‎ ‎2 date back to (＝date from)追溯到……‎ All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between ‎3,000 and 5,000 years ago.(P44)‎ 所有物品都来自于三星堆遗址的同一挖掘现场，它们可追溯到 3000 至 5000 年前。‎ 归纳拓展 date back to＝date from 追溯到；始于(无进行时态，无被动语态( up to date 时髦的 out of date 过时的 语境助记 ‎①[朗文词典]The church dates_from/dates back to the 13th century.‎ 这座教堂建于 13 世纪。‎ ‎②According to the expert, the temple has a history dating_back to the early Tang Dynasty.‎ 那位专家说这座寺庙的历史可追溯到初唐时期。‎ ‎③This is an old building dating_back_to/dating_from the 14th century.‎ 这是一座始于 14 世纪的古老建筑。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 look ahead； cut up； at most； keep...out； date back to； regardless of； fed up with； attach significance to； assume...to be； be aware of ‎1．________ what it costs, we must take every measure to save the old man's life.‎ 答案：Regardless of ‎2．You must ________ the fact that it is of great importance to learn.‎ 答案：be aware of ‎3．People are ________ all these traffic jams.‎ 答案：fed up with ‎4．There is only ten meters from here ________.‎ 答案：at most ‎5．His mother ________ the meat and salted it.‎ 答案：cut up ‎6．He's trying to ________ at what might happen and be ready to handle it.‎ 答案：look ahead ‎7．In my opinion, we should ________ both physical and mental health.‎ 答案：attach significance to ‎8．We shouldn't ________ anything ________ true.‎ 答案：assume; to be ‎9．My interest in stamp collecting ________ my school days.‎ 答案：dates back to ‎10．Please ________ the dog ________ of the room. It's too dirty and noisy.‎ 答案：keep; out ‎1 If_only it could be just like last year! (P43)‎ 要是能跟去年那样该多好啊！‎ 归纳拓展 if only“但愿……；要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。‎ ‎(1)“if only...could/would/might＋do...”表示对将来事情的愿望(不用 should)。‎ ‎(2)“if only...did...”表示对与现在事实相反的愿望。‎ ‎(3)“if only...had_done...”表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。‎ 语境助记 ‎①If_only the whole family could_be united during the Spring Festival!‎ 今年春节全家能团圆就好了！‎ ‎②If only I_had_remembered to lock the door!‎ 要是我没忘记锁门就好了！‎ ‎③If only I_had enough money to buy an iPhone!‎ 如果我有足够的钱买一部 iPhone，那该多好啊！‎ 易混辨析 if only 用来表达愿望，意为“但愿……；要是……就好了”，句中谓语动词要用 虚拟语气 only if 由副词 only 和从属连词 if 组合而成，only 仅起强调作用，意为“只要”；‎ ‎“only＋if 状语”位于句首时，引起主句部分倒装 ‎④用 if only, only if 填空 a．If_only I could speak several foreign languages.‎ b．Only_if you promise not to invite Mary will I come.‎ ‎2 Abruptly she sat down, only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing, shouting sister,‎ Luna.(P43)‎ 突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎ (1)only to do sth.“不料；结果……”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的 结果。‎ ‎(2)现在分词作结果状语多表示顺其自然的结果。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·江苏高考]She must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time,‎ only_to_disappear again without signs.‎ 她一定是那种偶尔出现的昙花，在没有征兆的情况下就会再次消失。‎ ‎②He came back in the late afternoon only_to_discover that his suitcase was gone.‎ 下午晚些时候他回来，结果却发现衣箱不见了。‎ ‎③The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden light.‎ 太阳开始升上天空，使大山沐浴在金色的阳光中。‎ ‎④He has got married and settled in Australia, thus leaving his family in Hong Kong.‎ 他结婚定居在澳洲，因此把他的家人留在了香港。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ________ (watch) anything that happened to be on.‎ 答案：to watch 考查动词不定式作状语。此处 happy to watch...作 sat 的目的状语。句意：每天 晚上老人都坐在电视机前，高兴地看要上演的任何节目。‎ ‎2．Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ (find) his plane high up ‎ in the sky.‎ 答案：to find 考查固定句式。“only＋to do”表示出乎意料或令人失望之意。此处不定式用作结 果状语。‎ ‎3．His parents died two years ago, ________ (leave) him an orphan.‎ 答案：leaving 考查现在分词作状语。现在分词作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。‎ ‎4．When he woke up, he realized that someone ________ have entered the room at night.‎ 答案：must 考查情态动词 must 用法。must have done sth.“一定做过某事”。句意：当他醒来时，‎ 他意识到晚上肯定有人进了房间。‎ ‎5．The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus ________ (cause) the delay.‎ 答案：causing 考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：公共汽车被暴风雪所阻，因而耽误了。‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 It rained heavily and caused severe flooding in the country.‎ 第 103 页 共 103 页 ‎→It rained heavily, ________________.‎ 答案：causing severe flooding in the country Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ____________.‎ 看看，我陷入麻烦了！要是我听了你的建议就好了。‎ 答案：had followed your advice ‎2．“You can't judge a book by its cover，” ____________.‎ 正如古训所说“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量”。‎ 答案：as the old saying goes 复习动词时态：现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在或离现在不远的时间，其动作是否持续 下去，则由上下文决定。‎ ‎(1)叙述某一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，仍在继续之中或刚刚停止。常与 for, since, all morning/day/week 等状语连用。‎ The telephone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn't someone answer it?‎ ‎(2)表示重复的动作。有时现在完成进行时表示的动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续 的重复。‎ ‎—We've spent too much money recently.‎ ‎—Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives have been coming around all the time.‎ ‎(3)表示“刚才、近来”发生的动作，一般不再继续，此时一般通过上下文语境来判断。‎ She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired.‎ ‎(4)带有浓重的感情色彩，强调持续了“那么久”或做得“那么辛苦”。‎ Oh, you've come at last! I have been waiting for you for two long hours.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1．[2016·北京高考]We ________ (wait) here for more than two hours.‎ 答案：have been waiting 考查现在完成进行时。句意：我们已经在这里等了两个多小时。‎ ‎2．Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.‎ 答案：have been trying 考查现在完成进行时。句意：自从人类开始园艺劳动以来，我们一直在 设法使我们的环境变得更加美丽。由句意可知，应用现在完成进行时。since the time humankind started gardening 也是提示。‎ ‎3．—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.‎ ‎—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ (write) his essay there ever since.‎ 答案：has been writing 考查现在完成进行时。由时间状语 ever since 可知，write 这一动作从过 去某一时刻一直持续到现在，故用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎4．The girl has a great interest in sport and ________ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.‎ 答案：has been taking 考查现在完成进行时。句意：那个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的三年 中，她每周参加两次羽毛球课程。当时间状语为“in/during/over the past/last＋一段时间”时，谓语动词 应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。‎ ‎5．Marty ________ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.‎ 答案：has been working 考查现在完成进行时。句意：马蒂一直在努力写他的书，他想他在周五 前会完成它。根据句中的 by Friday 可判断出，work 这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，并将继续下去，‎ 故用现在完成进行时。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时 16′)‎ A ‎[2016·四川高考]In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups ofindigenous (土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has ‎ been a colony (殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. IntheoryP1， they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignoredW1 or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.‎ The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.‎ ‎“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there onandoffP2 for almost ten years，” says Gin. “I've been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain accessW2 to their living environment. I don't see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”‎ ‎“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilizedW3 life，” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”‎ His black－and－white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they ‎ were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self－supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayalW4 and even suicideW5‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，题材为社会生活类。在远离法国本土的圭亚那的热带雨林深处还 有一些法属土著居民。由于居住地偏远，他们过着一种未开化的生活，但同时也受到了现代法国生活 方式的影响。‎ ‎1．Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?‎ A．They seldom follow the French law.‎ B．They often ignore the Guianese law.‎ C．They are separated from the modern world.‎ D．They are both Guianese and French citizens.‎ 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.(让人惊讶的是，这些人主要按照他们自己的法律和社会习俗生活。)”可知，‎ 他们很少遵守法国法律。故答案为 A 项。‎ ‎2．Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as________.‎ A．a tour guide B．a geographer C．a film director D．a photographer 答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“a photographic record”可知，Gin 是以一个摄 影师的身份来向人们介绍这些土著居民的。故答案为 D 项。A 项，一个导游；B 项，一个地理学家；‎ C 项，一位电影导演。‎ ‎3．What is Gin's attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?‎ A．Cautious. B．Doubtful.‎ C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.‎ 答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句的描述“我看到的不是一个目无法律的世界，而是 一片自由的乐土。”可推断出，摄影师 Gin 很欣赏他们的生活方式。所以答案为 D 项。cautious“小心 的；谨慎的”；doubtful“怀疑的；不确定的”；uninterested“不感兴趣的”；appreciative“欣赏的；感激的”。‎ ‎4．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ 第 106 页 共 106 页 A．The modern French lifestyle.‎ B．The self－supporting hunting.‎ C．The uncivilized world.‎ D．The French Republic.‎ 答案：A 词义猜测题。画线部分所在从句的意思是：伴随着这种生活方式，随之而来的不仅有 必要的国家福利，还有酗酒、背叛甚至是自杀。由此推断出 it 指的是现代的法国生活方式。所以答案 为 A 项。B 项，自给自足的狩猎方式；C 项，未开化的世界；D 项，法兰西共和国。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．ignore vt. 忽视 2.access n. 途径；方法 ‎3．uncivilized adj. 未开化的；远离文明的 ‎4．betrayal n. 背叛 ‎5．suicide n. 自杀 P重点短语 ‎1．in theory 理论上；按理说 ‎2．on and off 不时地；断断续续地 B In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been followinghisleadP1， with more tactics (策略)．‎ One tactic involves where to displayW1 the goods. For example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food ‎ first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food later in their trip. In department stores, the women's shoe section is generally next to the women's cosmetics (化妆品) section: while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are likely to wanderW2 over cosmetics they might want to try later.Besides, businesses seekW3 to appealtoP2 customers' senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up.When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewardingW4 tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few seconds upon walking in the door, and turn it into a businessopportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instantW5 view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。你知道现在的商家是如何吸引顾客的吗？他们效仿古埃及店主的 做法，通过对购物环境做一些改变及其他更多策略来吸引顾客。‎ ‎5．Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?‎ A．To save customers times.‎ B．To show they are high quality foods.‎ C．To help sell junk food.‎ D．To sell them at discount prices.‎ 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy some more junk food later in their trip.”可知，此举目的是为了能够在 稍后卖出那些垃圾食品。故选 C 项。‎ ‎6．According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?‎ A．Opening the store early in the morning.‎ B．Displaying British wines next to French ones.‎ C．Inviting customers to play music.‎ D．Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.‎ 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encouragesshopping, so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day.‎ ‎”可知，烤面包的味道能促进顾客购物，因此他们让面包味充满着整个商店。故选 D 项。‎ ‎7．What is the California builder's story intended to prove?‎ A．The house structure is a key factor customers consider.‎ B．The more costly the house is, the better it sells.‎ C．An ocean view is much to the customers' taste.‎ D．A good first impression increases sales.‎ 答案：D 推理判断题。最后一段中的 a California builder 这个故事是个例子，用来说明前面的内 容。该段主要是说顾客在进门的头几秒钟就会做出是否购买的决定，由此可推知，良好的第一印象会 有助于增加销量。故选 D 项。‎ ‎8．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.‎ B．To introduces how businesses have grown from the past.‎ C．To report researches on customer behavior.‎ D．To show dishonest business practices.‎ 答案：A 推理判断题。文章的第一段就点明了主题。本文主要介绍的是商家是通过哪些手段把 人们变成顾客的。故选 A 项。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．display vt. 展示；陈列 2.wander v. 闲逛；漫步 ‎3．seek vt. 寻找；寻求 ‎4．rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的 ‎5．instant adj. 立即的；立刻的 P重点短语 ‎1．follow one's lead 效仿；仿照 ‎2．appeal to 吸引；引起兴趣 Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时 8′)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎[2017·成都诊断]Some people describe American society as a salad bowl while others think of it as a melting pot.In a bowl of salad, all the ingredients are mixed together. __1__ Together, however, the ingredients make up a unity. All the ingredients of a salad contribute to the finished product. They may be covered with the same dressing (调味酱), but the green vegetables, tomatoes and cooked corn can all be seen for what they are. From this point of view, America is very much like a salad bowl where individual ethnic groups mix together, yet maintain their cultural uniqueness. People may work together during the day at similar jobs and in the same companies, but at night they may return to their ethnic groups where their own individual culture directs their way of life.‎ ‎__2__ Each ethnic group has its own special customs, language, food and traditions to protect and defend. This idea of the salad bowl is ‎ referred to as cultural diversity; that is, American society is a collection of various cultures living together in harmony within one country.‎ ‎__3__ Here, society is like one large pot of soup. All cultural aspects are mixed together, sacrificing their original identity and keeping a bit of what they were to become a new reality. The longer the soup is cooked, the better the taste and the more likely it will be for the mixture to dissolve. In this sense, America can surely be seen as a melting pot where people from all over the world come to live and work together forming one nation. There are dozens of shared symbols. __4__ In such a culture, symbols like the flag and the nation's official song serve to break down the walls which separate ethnic groups.Whether a salad bowl or a melting pot, America can be best described as a mixture of both. __5__‎ A．Both are correct depending on one's point of view.‎ B．They never lose their shapes, colors or tastes.‎ C．This is why there is so much diversity within America.‎ D．In other words, America is a nation where there is unity in diversity.‎ E．Thus, one needs to abandon one's culture to be considered “American”．‎ F．They serve to develop the various ethnic groups to create a new American culture.‎ G．The other theory, which is also used to describe American society, is ‎ the melting pot.‎ 篇章导读：文章主要说明了美国社会被称为沙拉碗以及大熔炉的原因。‎ ‎1．B 根据上下文可知在沙拉碗里，各种沙拉的成分混合在一起，但它们还都保持各自的形状，‎ 颜色及口味，所以答案是 B。‎ ‎2．C 根据上下文可知，这就是为什么在美国有如此多样性的原因，每一个民族都有自己的语 言及风俗习惯等，所以答案是 C。‎ ‎3．G 下文主要讲述了美国社会被称为大熔炉的原因，所以答案是 G。‎ ‎4．F 根据上下文可知，来自世界不同地方的人来美国定居，他们创造出一种新的美国文化，所 以答案是 F。‎ ‎5．D 根据上下文可知，美国是沙拉碗还是大熔炉，美国最好可以被称为两者的混合物。也就 是说，美国是一个具有多样性统一的国家，所以答案是 D。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时 8′)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A motto is a sentence or a phrase __1__ can inspire us especially when we are __2__ (face) with difficulties. Many of us have our mottoes, such as “Where there is a will, there is a way.” or “Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.”， and so on. My motto is “God helps those who help __3__.”Sometimes I am lazy and don't want to make efforts __4__ (work) hard, __5__ the moment I think of my motto I will get energetic again and devote myself __6__ what I am doing. I write my motto __7__ I can see it easily. Every time I fail in my exam and begin to lose heart, the sight of my motto inspires me with much__8__ (confident). My motto also makes me become __9__ independent person. That is to say, I won't rely on others easily. My friends, what is your motto? If you still haven't got a motto, please choose __10__because a motto can have a great effect on you. ‎ 篇章导读：本文讲述了格言警句对作者的激励启发作用。‎ ‎1．that/which 考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语，先行词为“a sentence or a phrase”，故用 that/which 引导定语从句。‎ ‎2．faced 考查固定搭配。be faced with 意为“面临；面对”。‎ ‎3．themselves 考查反身代词。句中格言意为“自助者天助”。‎ ‎4．to work 考查固定搭配。make efforts to do sth. “努力干某事”。‎ ‎5．but 考查连词。前后分句之间为转折关系。‎ ‎6．to 考查固定搭配。devote oneself to doing sth.“致力于干某事”。‎ ‎7．where 考查状语从句。where 在句中引导地点状语从句。‎ ‎8．confidence 考查词性转换。with 为介词，故后用名词 confidence。‎ ‎9．an 考查冠词。independent 的首音素为元音，故填 an。‎ ‎10．one 考查代词。one 指代其中的一则格言，表泛指。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时 20′)‎ 假定你是中国高中生李华，今年暑假期间将去英国 Clifton High School 学习两周，并将寄宿在英 国学生杰克家中。请给杰克写一封邮件，向他介绍自己，并询问在英国以下三个方面的情况：‎ ‎1．住宿；‎ ‎2．饮食；‎ ‎3．交通。‎ 注意：1.词数 100 左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Jack,‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[标准范文]‎ Dear_Jack，‎ Greetings from China! I am Li Hua, a high school student in China and will study in Clifton HighSchool for two weeks during the summer vacation. I was excited to learn that your family would be my hostfamily. I'd like to know more about my stay there in Britain.‎ First, am I going to have my own room or share one with you? And it ‎ would be great if I can have access to the Internet. In spite of my interest in British food, I'm wondering if I could cook some simple Chinese dishes just in case I'm not used to it. Besides, I'd like to know if there's a school bus between your home and the school.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua