2019届一轮复习北师大版必修五Unit15Learning单元学案设计（54页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习北师大版必修五Unit15Learning单元学案设计（54页word解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习北师大版必修5Unit15Learning单元学案设计 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．secure adj.稳定的；无忧无虑的　　 2.blank adj.空白的 ‎3．status n．现状；社会地位 4.conservative adj.保守的，旧式的 ‎5．mild adj.温和的 6.slight adj.少量的，微小的 ‎7．religion n．宗教 8.civilisation n．文明 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．adapt v．(使)适应 2.misunderstand v．误解 ‎3．bury vt.埋葬 4.alternative adj.可选择的；另类的 ‎5．outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的 6.reputation n．名誉，名声 ‎7．urge vt.力劝，强烈要求 8.lack vt.缺乏，没有 ‎9．access n．机会，权利 10.acquire vt.获得，得到 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎1.suspect v．怀疑→suspicious adj.可疑的→suspicion n．怀疑，嫌疑 ‎*2.instruct vt.教导，指导→instruction n．教育，指导→instructive adj.有益的；有教育意义的 ‎3.distinguish vt.区别，辨别→distinguished adj ‎.(外表或举止)有尊严的， 高贵的；卓越的，杰出的 ‎4.punishment n．惩罚，处罚→punish v．惩罚，处罚 ‎5.reflect vt.反映；反射 vi.思考→reflection n．反射；反省，想法 ‎*6.worthwhile adj.值得的→worthy adj.值得的→worth adj.值得……n.价值 ‎7.defence n．保卫，保护→defend v．防御，保卫 ‎8.ignore v．不理睬，忽视→ignorant adj.无知的，无学识的，愚昧的→ignorance n．无知，愚昧 ‎*9.assumption n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设 ‎10.approve v．赞成；认可；满意→approval n．赞成；认可；满意 ‎*11.inspire v．鼓舞；启发→inspiration n．灵感，鼓舞(激励)人心的人/事→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 ‎*12.beneficial adj.有用的，有益的→benefit v．对……有益，受惠n.利益 ‎13.appreciation n．欣赏→appreciate vt.重视，鉴赏，感激 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．When asked where the inspiration of her novel came from, she said her father's inspiring words inspired her to write it.‎ ‎2．This new railway benefits this area in many ways. It is beneficial to the people living in this area.‎ ‎3．The teacher instructed that all the students should attend the instructive lecture, for the professor's instruction would be of great help to our study.‎ ‎4．It is worthwhile to travel to Beijing, because many places of interest are well worth visiting. The Great Wall is particularly worthy of being visited.‎ ‎5．It was first assumed that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false assumption.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．prepare /prɪ'peə(r)/ vt.　　　　 准备 ‎2．review /rɪ'vjuː/ vt. 复习 ‎3．mark /mɑːk//score/skɔː(r)/ n. 分数 ‎4．check /tʃek/ vt. 检查，核对 ‎5．repeat /rɪ'piːt/ vi.& vt. 重做；复述 ‎6．summarize /'sʌməraɪz/ vt. 概括，总结 ‎7．analyze /'ænəlaɪz/ vt. 分析 ‎8．discuss /dɪ'skʌs/ vt. 讨论 ‎9．debate /dɪ'beɪt/ vt.& vi. 辩论，争论 ‎10．explanation /ˌeksplə'neɪʃn/ n. 解释 ‎11．comprehension /ˌkɔmprɪ'henʃ(ə)n/ n．理解 ‎12．memorize /'meməraɪz/ vt. 记忆 ‎13．obtain /əb'teɪn/ vt. 获得 ‎14．achievement /ə'tʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就，成绩 ‎15．improve /ɪm'pruːv/ vt. 改进，提高 ‎16．degree /dɪ'ɡriː/ n. 学位 ‎17．scholarship /'skɔləʃɪp/ n. 奖学金 ‎18．diploma /dɪ'pləʊmə/ n． 毕业文凭；学位证书 ‎19．examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n/ n．　考试 ‎20．quiz /kwɪz/ n. 小测验 ‎21．assessment /ə'sesmənt/ n. 评估，评价 ‎22．graduate /'ɡrædʒʊət/ n. 大学毕业生 ‎23．college /'kɔlɪdʒ/ n. 大学，学院 ‎24．university /ˌjuːnɪ'vɜːsɪtɪ/ n. 大学 ‎25．institute /'ɪnstɪtjuːt/ n． 学院，研究院 ‎26．campus /'kæmpəs/ n. 校园 ‎27．laboratory /lə'bɒrətri/ n. 实验室 ‎28．library /'laɪbrərɪ/ n． 图书馆，图书室 ‎29．canteen /kæn'tiːn/ n. 餐厅；食堂 ‎30．dormitory /'dɔːmɪtərɪ/ n. 学生宿舍 ‎31．educator /'edjukeitə(r)/ n． 教育工作者 ‎32．professor /prə'fesə(r)/ n. 教授 ‎33．tutor /'tjuːtə(r)/ n． 家庭教师，导师 ‎34．headmaster /ˌhed'mɑːstə(r)/ n． 中小学校长 ‎35．headteacher /ˌhed'tiːtʃər/ n． 中小学班主任 ‎36．staff /stɑːf/ n. 全体员工 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1.lay_off 裁员；解雇　　　　　　　　　2.aside_from 除……之外 ‎*3.set_off 使爆炸；引发；出发，动身 *4.be_accustomed_to 习惯于 ‎*5.tend_to 往往会，倾向于 　 6.as_a_whole 总的来说 ‎*7.to_a_certain_extent 在某种程度上 *8.approve_of 赞成，赞许 ‎9.frankly_speaking 坦白地说，老实说 10.go_up 上涨，上升 ‎11.to_start_with 首先，第一 *12.put_forward 提出 ‎*13.in_conclusion 最后，总之 　 14.switch_off关闭 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1._In_conclusion,_people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.‎ ‎2．They are quiet and are_accustomed_to not talking at meals.‎ ‎3．Everyone is supposed to put_forward some suggestions on how to improve our environment at the meeting.‎ ‎4．I approved_of your trying to earn some money, but please don't influence your studies.‎ ‎5．Right after midnight on New Year's Eve, fireworks are set_off.‎ ‎6．The northern people of China tend_to eat more noodles, while the southern people eat more rice.‎ ‎7．With China's economy developing, to_a_certain_extent_there has been a series of problems such as economic corruption.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．make an effort to do sth. 努力去做某事 ‎2．draw/attract one's attention ‎ 吸引某人的注意力 ‎3．be absorbed/buried/occupied in ‎ 全神贯注于，专心致志于 ‎4．concentrate on/concentrate oneself on/focus one's attention/mind on 全神贯注于 ‎5．figure out 理解；明白 ‎6．take in 理解；吸收 ‎7．make/perform/carry out an experiment做实验 ‎8．come to/reach/draw a conclusion得出结论 ‎9．go through 浏览；经历 ‎10．refer to参考，查阅；提到，涉及 ‎11．have a good command of 精通……‎ ‎12．achieve success 获得成功 ‎13．make progress 取得进步 ‎14．catch up with 赶上 ‎15．achieve one's ambitions 实现某人的志向 ‎16．be/get involved in 参与；牵涉进 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．if引导的虚拟条件句 ‎[例句]　In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.‎ ‎[仿写]　要是她没吃那么多糖，她就不必把她的牙拔掉了。‎ If she hadn't_eaten so much candy, she wouldn't_have_had her teeth pulled out.‎ ‎2．be about to do ... when ... “正要做……，这时……”‎ ‎[例句]　Now I'm about to graduate from the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.‎ ‎[仿写]　我正准备关电脑，这时收到了一封电子邮件。‎ I_was_about_to_turn_off_my_computer_when I received an email.‎ ‎3．It's time (that)．..＋did/should do“是……的时候了”‎ ‎[例句]　I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.‎ ‎[仿写]　是当地政府采取措施保护环境的时候了。‎ It's time that the local government should_take/took_measures to protect the environment.‎ ‎4．wish虚拟语气 ‎[例句]　Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion!‎ ‎[仿写]　这只表坏了。我要是当时买更好的一只就好了。‎ This watch has gone wrong. I wish I had_bought a better one.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．At school, all the teachers work very hard, encourage us to build up our confidence and inspire us to improve our study.‎ 在学校，所有的老师工作都非常努力，鼓励我们树立信心并且激励我们提高学习成绩。‎ ‎2．We have made up our minds to achieve it, because the dream of going to the firstclass university attracts us greatly.‎ 因为上一流大学的梦想很吸引我们，所以我们已下定决心来实现它。‎ ‎3．I hold the firm belief that with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future.‎ 我坚信在师生的共同努力下，我们的学校在不久的将来会变成一个更加宜人的地方。‎ ‎4．Every time before an examination, I am so upset. I'm afraid I may fail the exam and can't live up to my teacher's expectations.‎ 每次考试前我都非常烦躁，害怕考试不及格而辜负了老师的期望。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ I'm a senior three student and now I'm busy preparing for the coming college entrance examination.In class, I bury myself in studying in order to be admitted into a key university. I am outgoing, and frankly speaking, I believe I can adapt to the college life as soon as possible because I have been accustomed to standing on my own feet during the three years of high school. In conclusion, I'm sure I will have a wonderful college life.‎ 我是一名高三学生，正在为即将到来的高考做准备。为了被重点大学录取，在班里，我整天埋头苦读。我性格外向，说实话，我认为我能够很快适应大学生活，因为在高中三年期间，我已习惯了依靠自己。总之，我确信我的大学生活将会很精彩。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．suspect v．怀疑；猜疑(通常不用于进行时)n.[C]嫌疑犯，可疑分子 ‎[教材原句]　I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.‎ 我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，并且想哭。‎ suspect sb./sth. to be＋n./adj.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 怀疑/猜想某人(某物)为……‎ suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事 ‎①They suspect_the_boy_of_stealing money in the drawer.‎ 他们怀疑这个男孩偷走了抽屉里的钱。‎ ‎②Judging from his symptom, I suspected him to_be (be) ill.‎ 从他的症状来看，我怀疑他生病了。‎ ‎③The police caught the_suspect as he was getting on the plane.‎ 警察在嫌疑犯正要上飞机时抓住了他。‎ ‎2．instruct vt.指导，教导；指示，命令；告知，通知 ‎[教材原句]　I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.‎ 我让我外孙教我如何发电子邮件和使用互联网，我确实喜欢那种传送信息和得到答复的速度。‎ ‎(1)instruct sb. to do ... 命令某人做……‎ instruct sb. in sth. 教授/传授某人某事 instruct that sb. (should) do sth.　 命令某人做某事 ‎(2)instruction n. [C] 用法说明，操作指南；指示；命令；[U] 指导；‎ ‎ 讲授 ‎(3)instructive adj. 有益的，有教育意义的；指导性的 ‎①A doctor will often instruct patients to_exercise (exercise) depending on their own health condition.‎ 医生会经常嘱咐病人要根据自身健康状况锻炼身体。‎ ‎②Our teacher instructed us to finish our quiz on time.‎ ‎＝Our teacher instructed that we_(should)_finish our quiz on time.‎ 老师命令我们要按时完成测试。‎ ‎③It is the most instructive (instruct) lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.‎ 自从我进入到这所学校以来，这是我所参加的最具有教育意义的一次讲座。‎ ‎3．distinguish vt.区别，辨别；使具有某种特征 ‎[教材原句]　If the room hadn't been dark, he would have distinguished the two pictures.‎ 如果房间不是太暗的话，他就会辨认出那两张照片了。‎ ‎(1)distinguish ... from ...　　 将……与……区别开 distinguish between ... and ...(＝tell the difference between ... and ...) ‎ ‎ 区分……和……‎ distinguish oneself (as ...) (作为……)表现突出 ‎(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for(＝be famous for)‎ ‎ 因……而出名 ‎①One of the keys to successful time management is prioritizing tasks and distinguishing optional activities_from the essential. ‎ 时间管理成功的关键之一是把任务区分优先次序，并把非重要和重要的事情区分开来。‎ ‎②Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to distinguish_between_right ‎_and_wrong.‎ 阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。‎ ‎③As we all know, Yuan Longping is distinguished (distinguish) for his “Hybrid rice”．‎ 众所周知，袁隆平因其杂交水稻而著名。‎ ‎4．lack vt.缺乏，没有n.缺乏，不足；短缺的东西 ‎[高考佳句]　They lack physical exercise and the skill to communicate face to face with their friends or parents.(2014·重庆高考写作)‎ 他们缺乏体育锻炼和面对面地与朋友或父母进行沟通的技巧。‎ ‎(1)lack sth.　　　　　 缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)‎ lack for 需要，需求(常用于否定句)‎ ‎(2)(a) lack of ... 缺乏……‎ for/through lack of 因缺乏……‎ ‎(3)lacking adj. 缺少的，不足的(不置于名词前)‎ be lacking in sth. 缺少某物 ‎①Controlled by anxiety, you will feel a_lack_of security and confidence.‎ 如果被焦虑左右的话，你会感觉缺乏安全感和自信心。‎ ‎②He just graduated from the university last month, so he is_lacking_in working experience.‎ 上个月他刚刚大学毕业，因此他缺乏工作经验。‎ ‎③As the young girl described, serious threats remain in the disaster area for_lack_of_drinking water, medicines and food. ‎ 正如这位年轻女孩所说，由于饮用水、药品和食物匮乏，灾区依然面临严重威胁。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)lack既可以作动词也可作名词。作及物动词时，后面直接跟宾语；作不及物动词时常接介词for；作名词时，后面常用介词of。‎ ‎(2)lacking为形容词，但一般不放在名词前作定语。‎ ‎5．access n．入口，通路；(使用或见到的)机会，权利 ‎[教材原句]　The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn.‎ 作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时走进他们的思想。‎ ‎(1)gain/obtain/get/have access to ‎ 有权进入/使用……，拥有……的机会 have no access to 没有……的机会；无法接近 give access to 接见；准许进入(接近)‎ ‎(2)accessible adj. 易到达的，易接近的 be accessible to 对……而言容易接近的；可靠近的；容易进入的 ‎①We can have/gain/obtain/get_access_to the school library through a variety of ways.‎ 我们可以通过很多方式进入学校图书馆。‎ ‎②It is reported that 30 percent of the world population have_no_access_to clean drinking water and health care.‎ 据报道世界上30%的人无法获得干净的饮用水和医疗保健。‎ ‎③The building has been made accessible to disabled people. ‎ 残疾人也可进入这栋大楼。‎ ‎[名师点津]　access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。‎ ‎6．worthwhile adj.值得(做)的(可作表语、定语或补语)‎ ‎[教材原句]　And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile.‎ 如果我作为老师所做的能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成一个如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。‎ ‎(1)worthwhile常用的结构：‎ It's worthwhile＋　做某事是值得的 ‎(2)worth常用的结构：‎ be worth＋ ‎(3)worthy常用的结构：‎ be worthy＋　……值得做 His suggestion put forward at the conference is worth considering (consider)．‎ ‎＝ His suggestion put forward at the conference is worthy of being_considered (consider)．‎ ‎＝ His suggestion put forward at the conference is worthy to_be_considered (consider)．‎ ‎＝ It is worthwhile to_consider/considering (consider) his suggestion put forward at the conference.‎ 他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。‎ ‎7．approve vi.赞成；认可；同意vt.批准 ‎[高考佳句]　What about your opinion？Do you approve of me? Looking forward to your reply.(2015·重庆高考写作)‎ 你的意见如何？你赞同我的观点吗？期待你的答复。‎ ‎(1)approve of　　　　　　　　 赞成，赞许 approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事 approve of (one's) doing ... 赞同/支持(某人)做……‎ approve (doing) sth. 批准(做)某事 ‎(2)approval n. 同意；批准 meet with sb.'s approval 得到某人的批准 win/earn sb.'s approval 取得某人的同意/赞成 ‎①The majority senior people approve_of not playing with the cell phones during a family dinner.‎ 大多数老年人赞同家庭聚餐时不玩手机。‎ ‎②Her father will never approve_of_her_marrying to Tom.‎ 她的爸爸绝不赞成她嫁给Tom。‎ ‎③Such a move met with the warm approval (approve) of all developing countries.‎ 这一行动得到了所有发展中国家的热烈赞同。‎ ‎[名师点津]　approve作“批准”讲时，常用作及物动词；作“赞成”讲时，用作不及物动词，与of搭配，即approve of。‎ ‎8．urge vt.力劝；催促；强烈要求n.强烈的欲望，冲动 ‎[教材原句]　At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison.‎ 起初，人们赞同他的研究并力劝他继续下去，但是后来当他证实亚里士多德是错误的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。‎ ‎(1)强烈要求某人做某事 urge sth.on/upon sb.　　　　 向某人强调某事 urge that sb.(should) do sth. 极力主张某人做某事 It is urged that ...(should) do sth.　 坚决要求……‎ ‎(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的强烈欲望 ‎(3)urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的 urgency n. 紧急的事 ‎①Our teacher urges us_to_study (study) hard with the exam drawing ‎ near.‎ 随着考试的临近，老师要求我们努力学习。‎ ‎②He has_a_urge_to_check for text messages — he checks his phone every five minutes.‎ 他有一种查看手机信息的强烈欲望——每五分钟查看一次。‎ ‎③The UN urged that Syria (should)_stop (stop) violence immediately and go back to the negotiating table.‎ 联合国敦促叙利亚应立即停止暴力行为，回到谈判桌上来。‎ ‎9．assume vt.假定，假设；认为 ‎ ‎[教材原句]　Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth?‎ 为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？‎ ‎(1)assume sb./sth.to be 　 　 假定/假设某人/某事为 It is assumed that ... 人们认为……‎ ‎(2)assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that ... 假定……；在假定……的情况下 ‎(3)assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……‎ ‎①We assume him_to_be (be) innocent before hearing the evidence against him.‎ 在听到对他不利的证言之前，我们假定他是无罪的。‎ ‎②It_is_assumed_that mental health is related to physical health.‎ 一般认为，心理健康和身体健康是有联系的。‎ ‎③Assuming (assume) that we can't get the necessary equipment, we will have to give up the experiment.‎ 假如我们得不到必要的设备，我们将不得不放弃这个实验。‎ ‎④People rush to buy houses on_the_assumption_that house prices will continue to surge. ‎ 基于房价会持续上涨这样一个预设，人们争相买房。‎ ‎[联想发散]　在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上可直接用作介词或连词。这一类单词有：‎ ‎①supposing conj.　　　　　　 假设；假如 ‎②provided/providing conj. 假设；如果 ‎③given prep. 鉴于；考虑到 ‎④considering prep.& conj. 鉴于；考虑到 ‎⑤concerning prep. 关于 ‎⑥including prep. 包括；包含 ‎10．adapt vt.使适应；改编，改造 ‎[教材原句]　For a start, it would be hard adapting to a new culture.‎ 一开始，适应新的文化会有困难。‎ ‎(1)adapt (oneself) to 使……适应于……，适应(to是介词)‎ ‎(2)adapt sth.for sth.　　　　 改编为 adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物 be adapted from 由……改编 ‎(3)adaptation n. 适应，改编(本)‎ ‎①To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.(2014·江西高考书面表达)‎ 对你们所有新生来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是你们必须面对的第一件事。‎ ‎②As far as I know, he is going to adapt his book for beginners.‎ 据我所知，他打算改编他的书供初学者使用。‎ ‎③The film that I watched yesterday is_adapted_from a famous novel.‎ 昨天我看的那部电影是根据一本著名小说改编的。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心，使沉浸；隐藏 句型转换/补全句子 ‎①Ever since he moved there, he has buried himself in his research work.‎ ‎→Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work.‎ ‎②Burying herself in her study, Linda didn't notice what's happening around her.‎ ‎→Buried in her study,_Linda didn't notice what's happening around her.‎ ‎③She buried_her_face_in_her_hands (双手掩面) and wept when she heard the bad news.‎ ‎④The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying_her_head_in_the_book (埋头读书) in her hands.‎ ‎2．reflect vt.映射；反射；思考 vi.思考 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection (reflect) of reality.‎ ‎②Its windows, reflecting (reflect) the golden sunset, could be seen far out from the shore.‎ ‎③You should set aside some time to reflect on/upon your successes ‎ and failures.‎ ‎④Reflecting_on_his_past_mistakes (反思他以往的错误), Ted realized that he had stayed around the wrong people.‎ ‎⑤The old man was_lost_in_reflection (陷入沉思), thinking back on how much he's lost.‎ ‎3．tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①The regular nut users tend to have lower rate of obesity.‎ ‎②We have noticed a growing tendency (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.‎ ‎③People usually don't like the fabric that has a tendency to wrinkle.‎ ‎(2)句型转换/补全句子 ‎④She was so kind that she volunteered to look after the homeless child.‎ ‎→She was so kind that she volunteered to tend to the homeless child.‎ ‎⑤Older people tend_to_be_very_sensitive_to_cold (往往对寒冷比较敏感)．‎ ‎⑥As we all know, Jean is a nice girl but she has_a_tendency_to_talk_too_much (往往太唠叨了)．‎ ‎4．inspire v．鼓舞，鼓励；赋予灵感；启发思考；使产生(感觉或情感)‎ 单句语法填空/句型转换 ‎①What Premier Li Keqiang said at the meeting was inspiring and all of us were inspired.(inspire)‎ ‎②The achievements our country has made in space exploration inspired a lot of young generation to_study (study) even harder to devote ‎ themselves to the great cause.‎ ‎③Music can make you laugh, cry or shout. It's also a great source of inspiration (inspire)．‎ ‎④His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.‎ ‎→His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.‎ ‎5．alternative adj.可选择的；另类的n.可供选择的事物 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①I couldn't help but to_think (think) how much he looked like me.‎ ‎②Public transport is generally poor so many Americans have no alternative but to_drive (drive)．‎ ‎(2)句型转换 The last subway left, we could do nothing but walk home.‎ ‎③The last subway left, we could not help but walk home.‎ ‎④The last subway left, we had no choice/alternative but to walk home.‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to_wait (wait)．‎ ‎2．Some children found it hard to adapt themselves to their new school.‎ ‎3．They instruct you_to_greet_(greet) others with power handshakes and tell you to fix your eyes on the other person.‎ ‎4．Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguished (distinguish) achievements.‎ ‎5．It is worthwhile to_read/reading the books our teacher ‎ recommended, for they are well worth reading.(read)‎ ‎6．I can't give my approval (approve) to such an arrangement.‎ ‎7．The government urged that every effort (should)_be_made (make) to bring down house prices.‎ ‎8．We all tend to like those similar to us.‎ ‎9．The Internet gave us access to everything; and it also gave everything access to us.‎ ‎10．Many small plants in that country closed down for lack of fuel.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．His pale face suggested that he didn't feel himself, and his wife urged that he had a medical examination.had→have ‎2．She cried loudly after hearing she didn't pass the driving test, buried her face in her hands.buried→burying ‎3．Read the instruction on the bottle before you take the medicine.instruction→instructions ‎4．You'd better accept the fact that not everyone is going to approve your making such a choice.approve后加of ‎5．If he takes on this work, he will have no alternative but meet an even greater challenge.meet前加_to ‎6．Inspiring by the touching movie, I determined to make every effort to realize my dream.Inspiring→Inspired Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)‎ ‎1．More and more high school students have_access_to (有机会得到) the higher education.‎ ‎2．Suspected_of_being_involved_in_the_murder (被怀疑卷入了那起谋杀案), he was questioned by the police.‎ ‎3．Assuming_that_the_proposal_is_accepted (假定这个建议被采纳), when are we going to get the money?‎ ‎4．Only you adapt_yourself_to_new_surroundings (使自己适应新的环境) can you feel more comfortable.‎ ‎5．由于他沉浸在痛苦中，所以根本没注意到周围的环境。‎ ‎①Because he buried_himself_in/was_buried_in sorrow, he didn't pay any attention to the surroundings.‎ ‎②Buried_in sorrow, he didn't pay any attention to the surroundings.(用过去分词作状语)‎ ‎③Burying_himself_in sorrow, he didn't pay any attention to the surroundings.(用现在分词作状语)‎ ‎6．尽管这个足球运动员经验不足，但他还是尽力完成了比赛。‎ ‎①Though the football player lacked_experience,_he tried his best to complete the contest.‎ ‎②Though lacking_in_experience,_the football player tried his best to complete the contest.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．lay off 解雇；裁员；停止 ‎[教材原句]　Three months ago, when my manager told me that I would be laid off, my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.‎ 三个月前，当经理告诉我我将被解雇时，我大脑一片空白，怒火满腔。‎ lay down　　　 放下；声明，阐述 lay aside 把……放在一边；储存(某物)待用/备用 lay out 展开，铺开；布置；花费 lay the blame on 责备，责怪 lay the table 摆好餐桌(准备开饭)‎ lay stress on 强调 ‎①They laid_some_money_aside for their daughter's marriage.‎ 他们存了一些钱以备女儿结婚用。‎ ‎②The car factory is going to lay_off around 150 workers because of the drop in sales.‎ 由于销售量的下降，汽车厂打算裁大约150名工人。‎ ‎2．be accustomed to 习惯于(表示状态)‎ ‎[经典例句]　She was a person accustomed to having eight hours' sleep a night.(牛津P13)‎ 她是那种习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。‎ ‎(1)be accustomed/used to (doing) sth.　　习惯于(做)某事 get/become accustomed to (doing) sth. 变得适应了(做)某事 ‎(2)accustom vt. 使……习惯于……‎ accustom oneself to ... 使自己习惯于……‎ ‎①He quickly got_accustomed_to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.‎ 他很快适应了大学里浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。‎ ‎②To our surprise, he was accustomed to living (live)without electricity, and missed it very little.‎ 令我们意外的是，他已经习惯了生活中没有电，并且一点也不怀念有电的日子。‎ ‎③It took a while for me to accustom_myself_to_learning all the new ‎ rules and regulations.‎ 我花了一段时间才逐渐适应学习所有新的规章制度。‎ ‎3．set off 出发，动身；(使)爆炸，引爆；燃放；引发；衬托 ‎[教材原句]　I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.‎ 我记得他让我把一些粉末倒入火箭，然后让另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中set off的含义 ‎①The terrorists set off bombs in public places causing many deaths.引爆 ‎②Some boys are setting off fireworks in the street.燃放 ‎③I will set off early to avoid the traffic jam.出发，动身 ‎④His rude reply set off a bad feeling of me.引发 ‎⑤The blue dress set off her long blonde hair.衬托 ‎4．I decided that it_was_time I became an Internet user.‎ 我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。‎ It is/was time (that) ...“该做……的时候了”。其他相关句型：‎ ‎(1)It is/was (high/about) time (that)．..“该做……的时候了”，从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”(should不可以省略)。‎ ‎(2)It's time (for sb.) to do sth.‎ ‎ 该是(某人)做……的时候了 ‎(3)It/This is/was the＋序数词 time (that) ...‎ ‎“这是第(一/二/三)……‎ 次做某事了”，从句用完成时态 ‎①This is the first time that we have_seen (see) a film in the newlybuilt cinema together.‎ 这是我们第一次一起在新建的电影院里看电影。‎ ‎②The teacher criticized him, because it was the second time that he had_made (make) the same mistake.‎ 老师批评了他，因为这是他第二次犯同样的错误。‎ ‎③Your results are far from satisfactory. It's time for you to_double (double) your effort.‎ 你的成绩令人非常不满意，是你加倍努力的时候了。‎ ‎5．Sometimes I wish_I_could_phone him and ask for his opinion!‎ 有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见！‎ ‎　wish后跟宾语从句时常用虚拟语气，表达不太现实或不太可能实现的愿望。wish后面宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：‎ ‎①I wish you would_go (go) with us tomorrow.‎ 我希望明天你和我们一起去。‎ ‎②I wish I remembered (remember) her address. If so, I can get in touch with her easily.‎ 我要是记得她的地址就好了。如果那样，我很容易就能联系上她。‎ ‎③How I wish I had_had (have) someone to turn to for advice when I was puzzled.‎ 我多么希望当我迷茫时，有个能让我寻求建议的人。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用set短语填空(set about/set down/set up/set aside/set off)‎ ‎1．A team of volunteers set_about the task with determination.‎ ‎2．You'd better set_off at once, because many miners are being trapped in the mine.‎ ‎3．I want to set_down my feelings on paper in case I forget it.‎ ‎4．The Sing! China has_set_up a stage where some people can achieve their dreams.‎ ‎5．Considering my health condition, I'll try to set_aside some time each day for exercise.‎ Ⅱ.用accustom短语补全句子并进行句式升级 ‎1．我习惯了睡觉前听一些轻音乐。‎ I'm_accustomed_to_listening to some light music before sleep.‎ ‎2．我发现很难使自己习惯于没有轻音乐的夜晚。‎ I found it was hard to accustom_myself_to the night without light music.‎ ‎3．用分词作状语和it作形式宾语把1、2合并为一个主从复合句。‎ Accustomed_to_listening_to_some_light_music_before_sleep,_I_found_it_hard_to_accustom_myself_to_the_night_without_light_music.‎ Ⅲ.用lay短语完成下面语段(lay the blame on/lay off/lay aside/lay down)‎ After the worker was told that he was 1.laid_off (解雇), he 2.laid_down (放下) the tools, without 3.laying_the_blame_on (责备) anyone and left the factory quietly. Arriving home, he took out all the money that he had 4.laid_aside (储存) these years to start his own business.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换/补全句子 ‎1．Besides English, what other foreign languages do you know?‎ ‎①In addition to English, what other foreign languages do you know?‎ ‎②Aside/Apart from English, what other foreign languages do you know?‎ ‎2．我多么希望到车站为她送行，但我太忙了。‎ How I wish I had_seen_her_off at the station, but I was too busy.‎ ‎3．现在到了我们该意识到污染的严重性并采取行动防止污染的时候了。‎ It's high time that we realized/should_realize_how_serious_the_pollution_is and took/should_take_action to stop it.‎ ‎4．他习惯了攀爬陡峭的山脉，到达山顶毫不费力。‎ He became/got_accustomed_to_climbing the steep mountains, and he had no difficulty reaching the top.‎ ‎5．他正在房间里学习，这时听到有人尖叫。‎ He was_studying_in_his_room_when he heard screaming.‎ ‎6．要是你帮了我的话，我就不会在考试中再次不及格了。‎ If you had_helped_me,_I wouldn't_have_failed in the exam again.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 frankly speaking， outstanding， be buried in， lay off， suspect， adapt to， It's time for sb. to do， ignore ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①坦率地说，汤姆曾经很出色，而且整天埋头于工作。‎ Frankly_speaking,_Tom used to be outstanding,_and he was_always_buried_in his work all day long.‎ ‎②上个月他被老板解雇了。‎ He was laid_off_by_his_boss last month.‎ ‎③他不仅经常怀疑别人，而且对他人的有价值的建议置之不理。‎ He often not only suspected_others,_but also he often ignored_other_people's_valuable_advice.‎ ‎④他不得不接受这个事实，尽管他发现很难面对。‎ He_had_to_accept_the_fact_though_he_found_it_was_difficult_to_face_it.‎ ‎⑤到了他该适应社会改变自己的时候了。‎ It_was_time_for_him_to_adapt_to_the_society and change himself.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用倒装句升级句③‎ Not_only_did_he_often_suspect_others,_but_also_he_often_ignore_other_people's_valuable_advice.‎ ‎(2)用it 作形式宾语升级句④‎ He_had_to_accept_the_fact_though_he_found_it_difficult_to_face_it.‎ ‎(3)用“It was time that ...”句型升级句⑤‎ It_was_time_that_he_should_adapt/adapted_to_the_society_and_should_change/changed_himself.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however)‎ Frankly speaking, Tom used to be outstanding, and he was always buried in his work all day long. However, he was laid off by his boss last month. Not only did he often suspect others, but also he often ignored other people's valuable advice. He had to accept the fact though he found it difficult to face it. It was time that he should adapt/adapted to the society and should change/changed himself.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——if引导的虚拟条件句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 In the past, if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam, he would have had no chance of getting a degree.‎ 本句是if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，从句用had done，主句用would have done。‎ 如果有人在三年前就告诉我我会花掉大部分的周末时间去野营的话，我会放声大笑。‎ 真题长难句 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 本句是if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，从句用的是had done，主句用would have done。‎ 从牙牙学语到大学毕业，一个人的一生有近四分之一的时间将在学校度过。期间有成长的烦恼，也有成功的喜悦。耳畔常听师长的谆谆教导，左右常伴同学的欢声笑语。丰富多彩的学校生活是人生之路最美好的一段，自然值得新课标高考的关注，因为关注学校生活，就是关注青少年、关注未来。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant __21__ Miller King, who was the best __22__ at our school.‎ Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for __23__.‎ Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from __24__. He looked very __25__， but he didn't cry. ‎ That season, I __26__ all of Miller's records while he __27__ the home games from the bench. We went 101 and I was named most valuable player, __28__ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's __29__.‎ One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller __30__ going over a fence — which wasn't __31__ to climb if you had both arms. I'm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept __32__ from. But even that challenge he accepted. I __33__ him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally __34__ on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn't tell you this during the season, but you did __35__. Thank you for filling in for __36__.”‎ His words freed me from my bad __37__. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was __38__ ahead of me. I was right to have __39__ him. From that day on, I grew __40__ and a little more real.‎ ‎21．A.cheering for　　　　　　 B．beating out C．relying on D．staying with ‎22．A.coach B．student C．teacher D．player ‎23．A.practice B．show C．comfort D．pleasure ‎24．A.school B．vacation C．hospital D．training ‎25．A.pale B．calm C．relaxed D．ashamed ‎26．A.held B．broke C．set D．tried ‎27．A.reported B．judged C．organized D．watched ‎28．A.and B．then C．but D．thus ‎29．A.decision B．mistake C．accident D．sacrifice ‎30．A.stuck B．hurt C．tired D．lost ‎31．A.steady B．hard C．fun D．fit ‎32．A.praise B．advice C．assistance D．apology ‎33．A.let B．helped C．had D．noticed ‎34．A.dropped B．ready C．trapped D．safe ‎35．A.fine B．wrong C．quickly D．normally ‎36．A.us B．yourself C．me D．them ‎37．A.memories B．ideas C．attitudes D．dreams ‎38．A.still B．also C．yet D．just ‎39．A.challenged B．cured C．invited D．admired ‎40．A.healthier B．bigger C．cleverer D．cooler ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 ‎1．抓首句，明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏 由首句“When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.”以及下句中的“Football season started ...”可知本文是一篇记叙文。‎ ‎2．抓关键词(话题词、行为动词)，巧串联，理顺文脉明主旨 由文中的“football team, our school, the season”等话题词汇和“worked out, was to blame for, fill in for, defeated”等关键信息词可知本文是一篇关于“足球比赛”的记叙文。‎ ‎　本文的行文脉络如下：‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ 语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议类文章。在学校“我”喜欢踢足球，并且很崇拜Miller King，但是他因为车祸失去了右臂而不能参加比赛了。“我”代替了他，并且取得了骄人的成绩。“我”心里感觉对不起他，但是他的话让“我”深受感动。‎ ‎21．选B　联系空前的“to become the star on our football team”和空后的“who was the best ...”可知，“我”要成为足球队的明星，就意味着要击败(beat out)最好的球员Miller King。 cheer for“为……欢呼”；rely on“依靠”；stay with“与……待在一起”。‎ ‎22．选D　联系前文“我要在足球上打败Miller King”可知，他是学校最好的球员(player)。coach“教练”；student“学生”；teacher“老师”。‎ ‎23．选A　联系前文“all summer long I worked out”可知，整个夏天自己都带着足球，在外练习(practice)。show“表演”；comfort“安慰”；pleasure“乐趣”。‎ ‎24．选C　联系前文“Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.”可知，他出车祸，住院了，然后从医院(hospital)回来。school“学校”；vacation“假期”；training“训练”。‎ ‎25．选A　联系前文“他刚从医院回来”可知他脸色苍白(pale)。calm“平静的”；relaxed“放松的”；ashamed“羞愧的”。‎ ‎26．选B　联系下文“We went 101 and I was named most valuable player ...”可知，“我”打破(break)了Miller所有的纪录。hold“保持”；set“创造”；try“尝试”。‎ ‎27．选D　联系空后的“the home games from the bench”可知，他坐在凳子上看(watch)比赛。report“报道”；judge“裁判，评判”；organize“组织”。‎ ‎28．选C　前后两部分在语意上是转折关系，因此用but。‎ ‎29．选C　联系空前的Miller's以及前文讲述的Miller因为车祸致残不能参加比赛的情况可知，作者总是责备自己，因为Miller遭遇车祸(accident)了自己才有机会。decision“决定”；mistake“错误”；sacrifice“牺牲”。‎ ‎30．选A　联系后文“which wasn't 31(hard) to climb if you had both arms”可知，因为现在失去了右臂，他过篱笆时被卡住(stuck)了。hurt“受伤的”；tired“疲倦的”；lost“丢失的”。‎ ‎31．选B　联系空后的“if you had both arms”可知，现在他被卡住了，如果有两只胳膊，过篱笆对于他来说，不是难(hard)事。steady“稳定的”；fun“有趣的”；fit“合适的，健康的”。‎ ‎32．选C　联系下文“I 33(helped) him move slowly over the fence.”可知，“我”帮助了他，但是“我”认为他是不想接受“我”的帮助(assistance)。praise“表扬”；advice“建议”；apology“道歉”。‎ ‎33．选B　联系前文可知，他卡在那里，再联系空后“him move slowly over the fence”可知，“我”帮助(help)他从篱笆上下来。let“让”；have“有”；notice“注意”。‎ ‎34．选D　由前文的“move slowly over the fence”和空后的“on the other side”可知，最后我们安全(safe)了。drop“落下”；ready“‎ 准备好的”；trap“卡住”。‎ ‎35．选A　联系前文“We went 101 and I was named most valuable player”可知，他说“我”做得很好(fine)。wrong“错误地”；quickly“迅速地”；normally“平常地”。‎ ‎36．选C　联系空前的“filling in”可知，因为Miller受伤，作者代替了他，此处是Miller说的话，所以用me。‎ ‎37．选D　联系前文“I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame”可知，他的话让“我”从这些噩梦(dream)中摆脱出来。memory“记忆”；idea“主意”；attitude“态度”。‎ ‎38．选A　联系空前的“Damaged but not defeated”可知，Miller尽管受伤，但是没有被打败，他仍(still)在“我”的前面。‎ ‎39．选D　联系前文“Miller King, who was the best 22(player) at our school”可知，“我”崇拜(admire)他。challenge“挑战”；cure“治愈”；invite“邀请”。‎ ‎40．选B　联系空后的“and a little more real”可知，自己渐渐长大(bigger)。healthy“健康的”；clever“聪明的”；cool“酷的”。‎ ‎[完形填空系列技法4]　利用逻辑关系解题 此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。逻辑关系就隐藏在句中、句与句之间以及段落间的衔接中。‎ ‎(1)句中逻辑关系 句中逻辑关系是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话即可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析、生活常识和文化背景、习惯搭配及固定结构、语法结构及逻辑关系等五种。如上文中的25、28、31、36题。‎ ‎(2)句间逻辑关系 句间逻辑关系是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话不能找出正确答案，需要结合题目所在句子以外的句子(句组)才可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析和逻辑关系等三种。如上文中的21、22、23、24、26题。‎ ‎(3)段间逻辑关系 段间逻辑关系是指无法在句内或句组确定答案，需要结合整个语篇才能找到正确答案的题目。这类题目主要考查考生的篇章分析能力。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解和逻辑关系两种。如上文中的27、29、30、32、33、34、35、37、38、39、40题。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．purpose n．　　　　　　　 目的 ‎2．strike vi. (撞；击，敲)(想法)突然出现 ‎3．stick vt. 坚持；刺入；插于 ‎4．defeat vt. 打败，击败 ‎5．work out 锻炼；计算；制定；思考 ‎6．be to blame 该受责备(应负责任)‎ ‎7．fill in for 代替，暂时代替 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：‎ ‎1．时间和地点；‎ ‎2．内容：学习唐诗；‎ ‎3．课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ [写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．反映　　　　　　　　 reflect ‎2．传统的 traditional ‎3．唐诗 Tang_poetry ‎4．通过 go_through ‎5．犹豫 hesitate 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．很高兴看到你在汉语学习上的进步。‎ I_am_glad_to_see_you_have_made_progress_in_Chinese_learning.‎ ‎2．我写信告诉你有关下一节课的一些事情。‎ I_am_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_our_next_lesson.‎ ‎3．下周二下午的三点到五点在502房间上课。‎ The_lesson_will_be_given_from_3_pm_to_5_pm_on_the_afternoon_of_next_Tuesday_in_the_classroom_502.‎ ‎4．课堂上，你主要学习唐诗。‎ In_the_class,_you_will_mainly_learn_Tang_poetry.‎ ‎5．它反映了中国传统文化并深受中国人喜爱。‎ It_reflects_traditional_Chinese_culture_and_is_deeply_loved_by_Chinese.‎ ‎6．上课前，你最好做好充分准备。‎ You'd_better_make_full_preparations_before_class.‎ ‎7．你还要简要了解唐诗的历史，它能让你理解课程容易些。‎ ‎_You_must_also_have_a_brief_understanding_of_the_history_of_the_Tang_Dynasty_and_it_makes_it_easy_for_you_to_go_through_the_class.‎ ‎8．如果有什么可以帮助你的，请不要犹豫地告诉我。‎ If_there_is_anything_that_I_can_help_you,_please_don't_hesitate_to_tell_me.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用定语从句合并练习4、5‎ In_the_class,_you_will_mainly_learn_Tang_poetry,_which_reflects_traditional_Chinese_culture_and_is_deeply_loved_by_Chinese.‎ ‎2．用定语从句升级练习7，然后与练习6合并 You'd_better_make_full_preparations_before_class_and_have_a_brief_understanding_of_the_history_of_the_Tang_Dynasty,_which_makes_it_easy_for_you_to_go_through_the_class.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Leslie，‎ How are you？I am glad to see you have made some progress in Chinese learning and I'm writing to tell you something about our next lesson.‎ The lesson will be given from 3 pm to 5 pm on the afternoon of next Tuesday in the classroom 502. In the class, you will mainly learn Tang poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese. You can feel the beauty of Chinese by learning Tang poetry. You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of the Tang Dynasty, which makes it easy for you to go through the class.‎ If there is anything that I can help you, please don't hesitate to tell me. Looking forward to meeting you.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎[单元检测·高考提能] ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Apart from what you have mentioned above, do you have any alternative (供选择的) suggestions?‎ ‎2．Then it gets reflected (反射) back to up to our eyes and we see blue ice. ‎ ‎3．The man, suspected (怀疑) of having stolen the jewels of the shop, was missing last night, although he was watched over by the police.‎ ‎4．The local school has just acquired (获得) new equipment, which makes teachers and students delighted.‎ ‎5．To climb to the top of the mountain is extremely hard but it is worthwhile (值得的) by the fantastic view.‎ ‎6．It is generally assumed (假定，认为) that stress is caused by too much work.‎ ‎7．To her disappointment, her daughter turned a deaf ear to the instruction (教导) given by her teacher.‎ ‎8．My grandfather often goes to the countryside, because he thinks a stay there will be beneficial (benefit) to his health.‎ ‎9．I would have remained in ignorance (ignore) if Shaun hadn't mentioned it.‎ ‎10．They are busy building defence (defend) works to protect their country.‎ ‎11．I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval (approve)．‎ ‎12．The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight (slightly) chance of rain later tonight.‎ ‎13．The student who cheats in examination will be given a severe punishment (punish)．‎ ‎14．You can correct (correction) any mistakes you find in them.‎ ‎15．I think grey hair makes you look very distinguished (distinguish)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．She found it necessary to accustom her child to get up early.get→getting ‎2．I will take the medicine according to the instruction.instruction→instructions ‎3．He's too young to distinguish right with wrong, and needs your guidance.with→from ‎4．I have no alternative but spare no efforts to achieve my dream.but后加to ‎ ‎5．They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would come to our help.would后加have ‎6．It was the first time a runner has won the event at three Olympic Games in a row.has→had ‎ ‎7．The boss instructed that all the employees typed the letters quickly.typed→type ‎8．President Xi urged that every effort was made to rescue and treat the injured when the earthquake happened.was→be Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语，他现在就能说得更好些。‎ If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he would_be_able_to_speak_‎ it_much_better now.‎ ‎2．大家都希望我们有一个更加和谐的社会。‎ Everyone wishes we would_have_a_more_harmonious_society.‎ ‎3．那是她第一次回答不出老师的提问。‎ It was the first time she_had_failed_to answer a teacher's question.‎ ‎4．我正要做一项重要工作这时女儿过来打断了我。‎ I_was_about_to_do an important piece of work when my daughter came to interrupt me.‎ ‎5．通过屏幕我们可以获得我们所需要的各种信息。‎ We can have_access_to_various_information we need through the screen.‎ ‎6．在国外学习期间，这个年轻人开始喜欢上西方艺术。‎ While studying abroad, the young man acquired_a_taste_for_Western_art.‎ ‎7．在习近平主席的指导下，政府致力于同腐败作斗争。‎ Under_President_Xi_Jinping's_instruction,_the government is devoted to struggling with corruption.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A If you're traveling with kids in London, many London hotels have special services and features to help the family holiday, offering services ‎ for kids as well as games, movies and free ice cream!‎ Athenaeum The fivestar Athenaeum is a fantastic family hotel, particularly with the addition of its kids' services.Even before you arrive, they'll be in touch to make sure your kids have their favorite DVDs, treats and anything else to keep them happy.And they can arrange your perfect family activities, from bike hire to theater tickets.‎ Chessington Safari Hotel At Chessington Safari Hotel, kids will love staying in an African adventurethemed room, having breakfast while overlooking the animals of the Wanyama Reserve, watching familyfriendly movies and getting into the theme park before it opens.‎ Marlin Apartments Marlin Apartments operate more than 700 serviced apartments in London.Apartments are all within five minutes' walk of the Tube (good for tired little legs) with flat screen TVs, fully equipped kitchen and free WiFi.One or twobedroom family apartments have extra room for folding beds in the living area too.‎ Novotel Novotel's family rooms are designed to accommodate two adults and two children.Accommodation and breakfast are free for under16s (up to two staying in their parents' room)．You can also enjoy a late checkout at 5 p．m. on Sundays, and while you lie in, the kids can entertain themselves with the Cartoon Network while enjoying free ice cream.‎ The Ritz Kids at the Ritz are treated just as well as their parents, if not better！Children can enjoy computer games and DVDs, free ice cream and their own bathrobes and slippers.Under16s can stay for free in their parents'‎ ‎ bedroom.‎ ‎1．If you and your kids want to enjoy yourselves by bike, you will choose ________.‎ A．Athenaeum　　　　　 B．Chessington Safari Hotel C．Novotel D．Marlin Apartments 解析：选A　细节理解题。由Athenaeum部分的最后一句“And they can arrange your perfect family activities, from bike hire to theater tickets.”可知，该旅馆可提供租自行车服务。故选A项。‎ ‎2．Which of the hotels can help you make your own dinner?‎ A．Chessington Safari Hotel.‎ B．Marlin Apartments.‎ C．Novotel.‎ D．The Ritz.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由Marlin Apartments部分的第二句中的“fully equipped kitchen”可知，Marlin Apartments旅馆提供了装备齐全的厨房供旅客使用。故选B项。‎ ‎3．What do Novotel and the Ritz have in common?‎ A．You can enjoy the best service in London.‎ B．Kids can play computer games.‎ C．Breakfast is free for kids.‎ D．Free ice cream is provided.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由Novotel部分的最后一句“... while enjoying free ice cream.”和The Ritz部分的第二句“Children can enjoy computer games and DVDs, free ice cream and their own bathrobes ...”可知，free ice cream是两个旅馆的共同点。故选D项。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．You must contact Athenaeum before arrival.‎ B．Kids can watch any movies they like at Chessington Safari Hotel.‎ C．You can surf the Internet free of charge in Marlin Apartments.‎ D．The Ritz has extra room for folding beds in the living area.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由Marlin Apartments部分中的“free WiFi”可知，Marlin Apartments旅馆提供免费的无线上网，故选C项。‎ B ‎(2018·湖南省重点名校联考)There were many famous poets from different periods of time in Chinese history, and thousands of their poems are still read and appreciated today.‎ To arouse people's interest in those classic Chinese poems and promote cultural heritage, China Central Television (CCTV) produced a TV show — Chinese Poetry Conference.The finale (终场) of the hit show's second season was shown on Feb.7.‎ Wu Yishu, 16, who studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan University in Shanghai, came out on top.In an earlier episode (一集), Wu wowed the audience when performing in a section entitled “Feihualing”．The game's theme was “yue”，meaning “moon” or “month” in Chinese.She recited the lines from the Classic of Poetry, the earliest collection of poems in China：“In July, the crickets (蟋蟀) are in the field.In August, they are in the yard.In September they are at the door.In October, they enter and crawl under our beds.”‎ ‎“I really admire her knowledge of poems，” said Huang Zijin, 16, a Senior 2 student from Ningbo High School in Zhejiang Province.“The first time I saw her wearing traditional Han clothing on TV, I was very ‎ impressed by her classical looks.She fulfills all my fantasies about classic Chinese women's talents.What's more, she always appears so calm throughout the show, which is very unusual for her age.”‎ As the old saying goes, “One who is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance.”‎ ‎“Learning poems isn't about winning or losing.The power of poetry lies in shaping one's view of life and developing one's inner world，” said Li Bo, an expert guest at the Chinese Poetry Conference's second season.‎ When it comes to teaching people about poetry, Li Dingguang, the show's academic advisor, suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic (美学的) and emotional sides, and guide the students to lose themselves in the poems' rhythmic (有节奏的) and rhyming lines.‎ ‎“Although the amount of ancient Chinese poetry in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams，” Li Dingguang told China.org.cn.“Therefore, it's important to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。中国诗词源远流长，至今仍为世人传诵。为发扬中国文化，提高人们对中国古诗的兴趣，中央电视台制作并播出了《中国诗词大会》节目，中学生武亦姝以其特有的魅力征服了观众。‎ ‎5．What's one of the purposes of the TV show Chinese Poetry Conference?‎ A．To entertain people by enjoying Chinese poems.‎ B．To see who can recite the most classic Chinese poems.‎ C．To fulfill people's fantasies about Chinese women's talents.‎ D．To make more people interested in classic Chinese poetry.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“To arouse people's interest in those classic Chinese poems and promote cultural heritage”可知，中央电视台制作并播出《中国诗词大会》的目的是提高人们对中国古诗的兴趣、发扬中国文化，故D项正确。‎ ‎6．From Paragraphs 3 and 4, what can we infer about Wu Yishu?‎ A．She is a talented and elegant Chinese teenager.‎ B．She has learned a large amount of poetry from textbooks.‎ C．She is always calm in the show like other competitors of her age.‎ D．She amazed the audience with the lines from the Classic of Poetry in the finale.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。通读第三段可知，该段介绍了武亦姝以背诵含“月”字的诗词征服了观众；第四段介绍了人们对武亦姝气质和形象的评价：她穿着汉服、文静内秀，给人们留下了深刻的印象。据此可以推断，武亦姝是一个有天赋的、优雅的人，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．According to Li Bo, why do people learn poetry?‎ A．To get good marks in examinations.‎ B．To help build up their inner world.‎ C．To win the Chinese Poetry Conference.‎ D．To appreciate the beauty of rhythm and rhyme.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第六段的“The power of poetry lies in shaping one's view of life and developing one's inner world”可知，郦波认为学习诗歌的目的在于塑造人的人生观和发展人的内心世界，故B项正确。‎ ‎8．What is Li Dingguang's attitude to poetry teaching?‎ A．Doubtful.　　　　　　　 B．Supportive.‎ C．Critical. D．Casual.‎ 解析：选C　观点态度题。根据最后一段的“Although the amount of ancient Chinese poetry in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams”可知，李定广对学校诗歌教学的评价是：尽管教材中诗歌的数量增多了，但是许多学生学习诗歌仅是为了考试。据此可以判断，他对诗歌教学持批评态度，故C项正确。‎ 单元检测B——阅读理解提速练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·湖北省鄂西北联考)It happens to most firsttime fish keepers. They run to a fish store, pick out the bestlooking fish, and get all the things they need for their tanks. Then they fill up their tanks and put their fish in the water. Over the course of the next week, their fish aren't looking so good. Then all of a sudden, all of their fish start to die off.‎ Luckily, there is an explanation. Ammonia (氨) and nitrite (亚硝酸盐) are toxic to fish. You see, keeping fish in a tank produces ammonia. If a fish is placed in a new tank, the tank won't be equipped with the ability to change that ammonia into a less harmful chemical. And that's why they die.‎ To avoid the whole failure, you have to understand a little something called the Nitrogen Cycle (氮循环). After ammonia is produced in a tank, a kind of bacterium that is naturally found in water (a bacterium that consumes ammonia and produces nitrite) reproduces itself to form a large enough area to change all ammonia into nitrite. As the concentration (浓度) of nitrite increases, the same thing happens to nitrite, which happened to ‎ ammonia. A group of bacteria that change nitrite into nitrate (硝酸盐) form in large numbers. The cycle takes about one week to several months, depending on your technique. When a tank reaches a point where it can change all ammonia and nitrite being produced in a tank to nitrate before they reach harmful concentrations, it has finished the Nitrogen Cycle — it is safe for fish.‎ So before you ever place a fish into a tank from now on, use some skills to make it do that first. To do so, slightly increase ammonia concentration of your tank. If after 24 hours, your tank has no mark of ammonia or nitrite, you can ensure that it's cycled. You just need to perform a partial water change and your tank is ready for fish.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。新手养鱼经常遇到这样的问题：他们刚养不久的鱼相继死去。这是因为新鱼缸没有经过氮循环，从而导致鱼中毒死亡。‎ ‎1．What can we learn from Para. 1?‎ A．It's really hard for people to keep fish well.‎ B．The author feels very sorry for those dead fish.‎ C．New fish keepers begin to raise fish in a hurry.‎ D．People have no idea how to use their tanks well.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。第一段描述了养鱼新手经常会遇到的问题：他们刚养的鱼很快就死了；由第二段的最后两句可知这是因为新买的鱼缸没有经过氮循环，从而导致鱼中毒而死；由此可推知，作者在第一段中想说明新手养鱼太仓促了。‎ ‎2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “toxic” in Para. 2?‎ A．Open.　　　　　　　 B．Harmful.‎ C．Familiar. D．Beneficial.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由第二段的“the tank won't be equipped with the ability to change that ammonia into a less harmful chemical”可推知，ammonia和nitrite这两种化学物质对鱼类有害。‎ ‎3．What do we know about the Nitrogen Cycle?‎ A．It makes sure of fish's safety.‎ B．It provides all the nutrition fish need.‎ C．It increases the concentration of ammonia.‎ D．It produces more chemicals to clean the tank.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第三段的内容尤其是最后一句“it has finished the Nitrogen Cycle — it is safe for fish”可知，新买的鱼缸经过氮循环之后，人们就可以用它来养鱼了；故选A。‎ ‎4．Which question can't be answered in the text?‎ A．What's the right way to raise fish in a new tank?‎ B．What happens during the Nitrogen Cycle?‎ C．Why are fish in a new tank likely to die?‎ D．Why is nitrate less harmful to fish?‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了养鱼新手常遇到的问题，第二段解释了造成这种问题的原因，第三段具体介绍了氮循环的过程，最后一段介绍了用新鱼缸养鱼的正确方法；故选D。‎ B ‎(2018·安徽省无为中学模拟)When it comes to human behaviour, the brain is shown to have two different approaches to thinking. A common thought process is the automatic and fast approach which helps us to react quickly in dangerous situations. This is known as system 1 and dates back to the times of our prehistoric ancestors, who lived with a natural awareness of the dangers around them — bad weather and threatening ‎ animals. Nowadays, we still have the ability to react so rapidly and naturally to situations that it can feel like you're not thinking at all. Have you ever found yourself giving in to temptation and unable to say “no” to buying that new jacket in the window? This is because system 1 is in control — a human characteristic which the world of advertising likes to make the most of!‎ System 2 is the opposite. It's a slow thought process that requires us to pay attention and concentrate, for example, when doing a complex mathematical sum. This way of thinking helps us to make sensible longterm decisions. The problem is that system 2 often starts to feel boring and so system 1takes over. How often have you put down your homework or put off doing important jobs to go on Facebook or watch a TV soap?‎ We like to think that we go through life mainly using system 2. As individuals, we are in control, always taking sensible and logical decisions. System 1 type thoughts are reserved for special occasions when we can afford to relax a little — on holiday perhaps. However, the former plays more of a secondary role in our lives, with the latter taking the main stage.‎ Sometimes it's system 1 that makes the right decision but system 2 that gets it wrong. For example, professional sports teams put a lot of effort into a game plan but often it's the unconscious human wish to do something differently that leads to a spectacular goal. This can also lead to the common mistaken idea that your successful decisions demonstrate your skill and talent, when in fact they were just luck.‎ ‎5．According to the text, modern advertising succeeds by ________.‎ A．exciting our natural desires B．taking advantage of our fears C．causing us to react in a safe way D．studying the prehistoric human mind 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第一段中的“giving in to temptation”及“a human characteristic”等可推知，商家正是利用激发人类天生的欲望来打广告的。‎ ‎6．What is system 2 good for?‎ A．Coming up with creative ideas.‎ B．Concentrating for long periods.‎ C．Performing difficult mental tasks.‎ D．Doing several tasks at the same time.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第二段中的“doing a complex mathematical sum”可推知，system 2思维模式有利于人类做复杂的脑力工作。‎ ‎7．What does “This” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A．An unexpected sports win.‎ B．A sudden change of action.‎ C．An unconscious mistake.‎ D．A mature plan.‎ 解析：选A　代词指代题。This指代的是前文提到的精彩的进球，也就是临时的人为决定带来的意外胜利。‎ ‎8．What's the text mainly about?‎ A．How to make sensible decisions.‎ B．What controls our mind.‎ C．Two systems of thought.‎ D．Human characteristics.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。全文用对比的手法介绍了人类的两种思维模式各自的作用、优劣及相互关系，故选C项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How to Deal with Losing in Sports Winning and losing go handinhand when it comes to sports.Great athletes never let the highs get too high, or the lows get too low.The outcome of a match is uncertain.The only thing that is certain is the competition itself.__1__ The outcome is just the result of all the hard work put in.‎ Congratulate your opponent after a loss.Respect your opponent because they put in as much work, or more than you.This shows respect for the opponent and respect for the contest.‎ Accept the fact that the loss is not one's fault.This is harder to do in an individual sport, but absolutely important in a team sport.__2__ Don't get down on yourself.If competing in an individual sport, accept that losing is a part of competing and move on.‎ Examine why you lost the competition.Ask yourself if you did everything possible to prepare for the competition.Ask yourself if you gave it your all during the competition.__3__ This is crucial if competing in an individual sport.If competing in a team sport, recognize that everyone isn't perfect and examine the loss from the team perspective.‎ ‎__4__ Practice more, or practice better.Correct whatever mistakes you made during the match.Get bigger, stronger, faster, smarter and do whatever it takes.‎ Seek out the support and encouragement of teammates and coaches.Don't allow yourself to think negatively.Avoid negative people.__5__‎ Never accuse an opponent of cheating, even if it was true.Again, this ‎ will make you seem as if you are looking for excuses.‎ A．Don't put the blame on anyone.‎ B．Work harder to get better.‎ C．Train hard to achieve your aim.‎ D．Winning is No.1 for great athletes.‎ E．Great athletes love the competition.‎ F．Stay positive and trust in your value.‎ G．Analyze any mistakes you might have made.‎ 语篇解读：赛场上难免会有失败，勇敢面对失败，分析失败原因，保持良好的心态才是对待比赛的正确方式。‎ ‎1．解析：选E　第一段主要讲在体育上，胜败乃兵家常事，优秀的运动员都是以“不以物喜，不以己悲”的态度去面对体育赛场的成败。结合空前一句“The only thing that is certain is the competition itself.”可知，比赛本身比结果更重要。故E项(伟大的运动员热爱比赛)符合语境。‎ ‎2．解析：选A　根据第三段的主题句“Accept the fact that the loss is not one's fault.”和最后一句“ ...losing is a part of competing and move on.”可知，失败不是任何人的过失，因此，不要去责备任何人。A项中的blame与本段关键信息“is not one's fault”相呼应。故选A项。‎ ‎3．解析：选G　根据第四段主题句“Examine why you lost the competition.”可知，本段主要内容为多分析失败的原因。故G项(分析你可能犯过的任何错误)符合语境。‎ ‎4．解析：选B　设空处是本段的主题句。根据空后的“Practice more. or practice better.”可知，要多练习，由此可知，本段主题为“努力做得更好”。故选B项。‎ ‎5．解析：选F　根据本段的关键信息“encouragement”和“Avoid negative ...”可知，本段是建议要保持积极的态度。F项中的Stay positive与Avoid negative相对应。故选F项。‎