2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案（38页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案（38页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit2English around the world单元学案 话题阅读 Do you know how many kinds of English are there in the world？What's the differences between American and British English？Please read the following passage to get the answer.‎ There are many kinds of English; they are different in their vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and intonation. These different kinds of English developed from history, geography, politics and the influence of other languages. Some of the major (主要的) kinds of English are British English, American English, Canadian English, Australian English, Indian English and Caribbean (加勒比) English. The English spoken in Africa is different from country to country. Thus there is Nigerian (尼日利亚) English, South African English, Kenyan (肯尼亚) English and so on.‎ All types of English originated from the English spoken in England. American English has now replaced British English. This is mostly because of the influence of the United States through the cinema and music, technology and trade. The most noticeable differences between American and British English is in spelling, pronunciation and vocabulary. Many words that end inour in British English end inor in American English. Words ending inse are British English while their American ones end inze.Some vocabulary items, too, are different. There are also many differences in expressions. The Americans would say “I just ate”as opposed to “I've just eaten” in British English. In American English, Mary is “on the team”， while in British English, Mary is “in the team”．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Section_ⅠWarming_Up_&_Reading_—_Prereading ‎ ‎ Prereading ‎ Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．official adj.　　　　 A．本身；本体；身份 ‎2．native adj.& n. B．常常；频繁地 ‎ ‎3．actually adv. C．官方的；正式的；公务的 ‎4．base vt. & n. D．逐渐地；逐步地 ‎5．gradually adv. E．流利的；流畅的 ‎6．vocabulary n. F．以……为根据；基部；基地；基础 ‎7．spelling n. G．拼写；拼法 ‎ ‎8．identity n. H．本国的；本地的；本地人；本国人 ‎9．fluent adj. I．实际上；事实上 ‎10．frequently adv. J．词汇；词汇量；词表 答案：1～5　CHIFD　6～10　JGAEB ‎ ‎ Background Introduction & Leadin When it comes to English, most of us know it is one of the official languages of the Olympic Games and the United Nations. And there are many people speaking English as fluently as native speakers. But do you know that there is more than one kind of English in the world? ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．Do you like learning English? Why?‎ Yes,_I_like_English_very_much,_because_English_is_a_bridge_to_so_much_knowledge.‎ ‎2．How much do you know about English?‎ ‎(1)It_is_the_official_language_of_many_countries,_such_as_America,_England,_Canada_and_so_on.‎ ‎(2)It_has_a_long_history.‎ ‎(3)There_are_mainly_two_kinds_of_English：American_English_and_British_English.‎ ‎(4)Many_Chinese_are_learning_English.‎ ‎ ‎ Whilereading ‎ Fastreading ‎(Ⅰ)First look at the title of the passage and try to guess what it is about. Then skim the reading passage and find the main idea of the text to see if you are right.‎ The_brief_history_of_the_English_language./The_development_of_the__English_language.‎ Reading tips The title usually helps you to find out what the reading passage will be about.Try to guess the main idea on the content of the passage by reading the title.‎ ‎(Ⅱ)Then skim every paragraph of the reading passage and match the main idea with each paragraph.‎ ‎1．Paragraph 1　A．the example of the difference between different native English speakers ‎2．Paragraph 2 B．wide use of English ‎3．Paragraph 3 C．English is a language spoken all around the world ‎4．Paragraph 4 D．why English has changed over time ‎5．Paragraph 5 E．English was settled 答案：1～5　BADEC ‎ Carefulreading ‎(Ⅰ)Read the reading passage carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.‎ ‎1．At the end of 16th century, about ________ people spoke English.‎ A．five to six million　　　 B．five to seven million C．six to seven million D．seven to eight million ‎2．If people speak different kinds of English, they ________.‎ A．can't communicate with each other B．can only be understood by those who speak the same kind of English C．can't be understood by foreigners D．can understand each other ‎3．From the text, we know ________.‎ A．only English changed over time B．all languages will change when cultures meet C．all English words were from French D．fewer and fewer Chinese people are learning English ‎4．Why do more people speak English?‎ A．Because it is an international language.‎ B．Because it has the largest number of speakers.‎ C．Because it is easy to learn.‎ D．Because it always stays the same.‎ ‎5．English is spoken as the language for government in the following countries EXCEPT ________.‎ A．Britain B．Germany C．India D．America 答案：1～5　BDBAB ‎(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully and fill in the chart with information in the text.‎ Time Events At the 1.end of the 16th century About five to seven million people spoke English and nearly all of them lived in England.‎ Between AD 450 and 1150 It was 2.based more on German.‎ Between about AD 800 and 1150 English became less like German 3.because_of the rulers.‎ In the 1600's Shakespeare 4.made use of a wider 5.vocabulary,_which caused a big change in English usage.‎ In the 18th century English was 6.taken to Australia.‎ From 1765 to 1947 English became the language for 7.government and 8.education in India.‎ At 9.present China has the largest number of English learners.‎ In the future Chinese English may develop its own 10.identity.‎ ‎ Studyreading Analyze the following sentences in the text that may be difficult to understand.‎ ‎1．At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　起初，大约在公元450年至公元1150年期间，英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语很不一样。‎ ‎2．Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German ‎ because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年至1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了，因为那时英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。‎ ‎ ‎ Postreading Fill in the blanks according to the passage.‎ English, which was only spoken by the people living in England in the  16th century, began to be spoken by many other countries from the next century with the English colonists moving to other countries around the world. As a result, there are a lot of countries who speak English as their  first language, such as the US, Canada, Australia. There are also other countries speaking English as a foreign or  second language than ever before.  Though there are different Englishes in the world, the native speakers can have almost no difficulty in communicating with each other  even if they don’t use the same kind of English. However, sometimes they do have some trouble in understanding each other’s words, spelling, pronunciation and dialects.  English is an allthetime changing language, for example, the English of AD 450 to 1150, which was  based more on German， was quite different from the English spoken from 1150 to 1500, which was based more on French. Thanks to Shakespeare’s efforts, English had a big change in  usage. American English got its own □10identity with the help of Noah Webster. ‎ Section_ⅡWarming_Up_&_Reading_—_Language_Points_‎ ‎ 学前自检——识记会写是前提 项目一必记单词 Ⅰ.基础单词(根据首字母和汉语提示写出单词)‎ ‎1．We all admire her for her speaking English fluently. ‎ ‎2．This latter point was of great importance.‎ ‎3．The ship — Titanic sank on its first voyage.‎ ‎4．They bought some new furniture to furnish their new apartment.‎ ‎5．This tree looks high and strong but actually (实际上) its trunk is hollow.‎ ‎6．If your vocabulary (词汇) is limited, your chances of success are limited.‎ ‎7．Gradually (逐渐地) the surrounding farmland turned residential.‎ ‎8．She received several official (正式的) letters this morning.‎ ‎9．The identity (身份) of the killer is still a complete mystery.‎ ‎10．She was born in Germany and her native language is German. ‎ Ⅱ.拓展单词(根据词性及汉语意思写出下列单词)‎ ‎11．base vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的 ‎12．gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 ‎13．latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest adj.最近的；最新的→later adj.后期的→lately adv.近来；最近 ‎14．identity n．本身；本体；身份→identify v．认出；鉴定 ‎15．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的 →fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅 ‎16．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地 项目二必会短语 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出短语 ‎1．because_of　　　　　　　　 因为；由于 ‎2．come_up 走近；上来；提出 ‎3．be_based_on 以……为基础 ‎4．at_present 现在；目前 ‎5．make_use_of 利用；使用 ‎6．such_as 例如……；像这种的 ‎7．be_different_from 与……不同 ‎8．at_the_end_of 在……末尾 ‎9．communicate_with 和……交流 ‎10．a_number_of 大量的；许多 Ⅱ.选用以上短语填空(其中有两项是多余的)‎ ‎1．Our English teacher tells us that we should make good use_of every opportunity to practice English.‎ ‎2．The old man believes a chance of getting rich may come_up to him soon.‎ ‎3．He was late again because_of traffic jams.‎ ‎4．Theory is_based_on practice and in turn serves practice.‎ ‎5．It was said that a_number_of people were injured in the big fire in downtown of Shanghai.‎ ‎6．I like many English programmes, such_as Follow me, Follow Me to Science.‎ ‎7．At_present,_the global economy still faces severe challenges.‎ ‎8．As we all know, reading skills are_different_from writing skills.‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ more than　超过；不止 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①It is hard to concentrate like that for more than half an hour.‎ 像那样专注超过半小时是很难的。‎ ‎②He is more than a writer; he is also a professor.‎ 他不仅仅是位作家，他还是名教授。‎ ‎③They are more than glad to help.‎ 他们非常乐意帮忙。‎ ‎④The beauty of nature is more than I can describe.‎ 大自然的美是我难以描述的。‎ ‎(1)more than＋数词，意为“超过；不止”，相当于over。‎ ‎(2)more than＋名词，意为“不仅仅；不只”，相当于not only。‎ ‎(3)more than＋形容词，意为“非常；极其”，相当于very。‎ ‎(4)more than十句子，意为“非……所能；是……难以……的”，句中常有can/could。‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ She is more than an actress, but also a producer in this film. And she had to do more than others, which makes her more than tired.‎ 在这部电影里她不仅仅是一位演员，还是一位制片人。因此她要比别人付出更多，这让她感觉非常累。‎ ‎[联想]‎ 请同学们讨论并写出下面短语的意义：‎ ‎①no more than　　　　　　 只不过；仅仅 ‎②not more than 不超过；至多 ‎③other than 不同于；除了 ‎④rather than 不愿；不要；不是 ‎[文化链接]‎ 英语属于印欧(IndoEuropean)语系。印欧语系是世界上最大的语系，包括欧洲、美洲和亚洲的大部分语言。讲印欧诸种语言的总人数约有十八亿七千五百万，占世界总人口的四分之一以上。促成英语形成的主要历史事件：罗马入侵，日耳曼人征服等。在追溯英语的历史发展时，我们通常将它分为三个时期：(一)古英语(Old English)，从公元450年至1150年；(二)中古英语(Middle English)，从公元1150年至1500年；(三)现代英语(Modern English)，从1500年至今。‎ ‎ ‎ voyage n．　航行；航海 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①When I retire, I shall make/take a long sea voyage.‎ 退休后，我要去作一次漫长的海上旅行。‎ ‎②They are on a voyage from Yantai to Dalian.‎ 他们在从烟台到大连的航行中。‎ ‎③To go on a voyage was my dream when I was young.‎ 年轻时，去航行是我的梦想。‎ ‎(1)make/take a voyage　　　　 进行航行 ‎(2)be_on a voyage from ... to ... 正从……往……航行 ‎(3)go_on a voyage 去航行 ‎[联想]‎ 有关“旅行”的词汇还有：tour, travel, journey, trip等。‎ because of 因为；由于 ‎[用法]‎ Because of the bad weather, he had to stay at home a whole day.‎ 由于坏天气，他只好待在家里一整天。‎ ‎[辨析]　because of, because 试一试　选择上述词语填空 Because this kind of camera is of good quality, it's more popular with people than ever before.‎ ‎＝Because_of its good quality, this kind of camera is more popular with people than ever before.‎ 辨一辨 because of 是介词短语，表示原因，后接名词、代词、动名词或what引导的宾语从句，在句中作状语 because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，表示主句的根本原因 ‎[联想]‎ 请同学们记一下“因为；由于”的表达方式：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ native adj.本国的；本地的n.本地人；本国人 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①Is her uncle a native of Shanghai, or just a visitor?‎ 她叔叔是上海人，还是只是一名游客？‎ ‎②The researcher says the tiger is native to India.‎ 研究人员说这种虎产于印度。‎ ‎(1)a native of ...　 是……本地人；原产于……的动物或植物 ‎(2)be native to ... 原产于…… ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[文化链接]‎ 英国英语和美国英语在语法方面的不同：‎ 英国人用的现在完成时，美国人多用一般现在时；美国人用虚拟语气比英国人用的多；英国人用one's，美国人多用his；英国人用as/as if，美国人多用like；英国人多用带ly的副词，美国人多用不带ly的副词。‎ ‎ ‎ come up 走近；上来；被提出；(太阳、月亮)升起；(植物)发芽 ‎[记法]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法]‎ 写出下列各句中come up的含义 ‎①A foreigner came up to me and asked the way to the station. 走近 ‎②Luckily, we watched the sun come up. 太阳升起 ‎③The grass is just beginning to come up. 发芽 ‎④The problem came up at the meeting. 被提出_‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ He was coming up to me when the sun came up and he told me that the old tree in the garden was beginning to come up.‎ 太阳升起的时候他正朝我走过来，告诉我花园里的那棵老树开始发芽了。‎ ‎[联想]‎ 请同学们试着补全下列有关come的短语：‎ ‎①come up with　　　 提出 ‎②come along 进展；进步；进行 ‎③come out 出来；出版；开花 ‎④come on 快点；加油 ‎ ‎ actually adv.　实际上；事实上 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①I had a good time at his birthday party, actually.‎ 事实上，我在他的生日宴会上玩得很开心。‎ in truthin realityin factas a matter of fact＝actually ‎ ‎②As a matter of fact, I don't know the truth.‎ 事实上，我不知道事情的真相。‎ ‎[Word family]‎ actual adj.实际的；现行的；真实的→actually adv.实际上；事实上 ‎ ‎ base vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①She used her family's history as a base for her novel.‎ 她以她的家族史作为小说的素材。‎ base ... on/upon　　 把……建立于……基础之上 be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……‎ ‎②The film is based on/upon a novel by Zhang Ailing.‎ 该影片是根据张爱玲的小说改编的。‎ ‎③One should always base his opinion on/upon facts.‎ 一个人应该始终以事实为根据发表自己的观点。‎ ‎[Word family]‎ base vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的 at present　现在；目前 ‎①At present they are living in the country.‎ 目前他们住在乡下。‎ be present at　　　　　　　　　　　 出席 at present＝at the present time 目前；现在 for the present 目前；暂时 ‎②Many experts were present at the meeting.‎ 许多专家出席了这次大会。 ‎ ‎③I can't remember her name for the present.‎ 我一时想不起她的名字了。‎ 名师点津：present意为“目前的”时，常用作前置定语；意为“在场的”时，常用作后置定语。‎ ‎④The man present at the meeting is the present president of our country.‎ 出席会议的那个人是我们的现任总统。‎ ‎[联想]　“出席与缺席”的相关词汇：‎ ‎①present adj.出席的；在场的；现在的；当前的→presence n．出席；存在；到场 ‎②absent adj.缺席的；缺乏的；不在的→absence n．不在；缺席；缺乏 ‎ ‎ make use of　利用；使用 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①There is a great deal here that you can make use of.‎ 这里有许多东西你可以利用。‎ ‎②We should think of the use we made of such material.‎ 我们应该考虑一下使用这种材料的情况。‎ ‎③We should think of what use can_be_made_of such material.‎ 我们应该考虑怎么用这种材料。‎ 名师点津：make use of短语的构成特点为：动词＋名词＋介词。此短语通常作以下变化：‎ ‎(1)把use提前使用被动语态。‎ ‎(2)把use提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。‎ make good use of　　　　　　 好好利用 make the best/most of 充分利用 make full use of 充分利用 make little use of 很少利用 ‎④He has made up his mind to make_good_use_of every minute to study.‎ 他决心好好利用每一分钟学习。‎ ‎⑤She really tries to make the most of herself by dressing well.‎ 她确实想通过穿着漂亮尽量发挥自己的优势。 ‎ ‎ ‎ latter adj.　较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①Of writing and drawing, I prefer the latter one.‎ 对于写作和绘画，我更喜欢后者。‎ the former ... the latter ...　　 前者……后者……‎ ‎②Jane and Catherine are my friends. The former is a teacher; the latter is a doctor. ‎ 简和凯瑟琳是我的朋友。前者是老师，后者是医生。 ‎ ‎[Word family]‎ 表示“顺序”：‎ former adj.前者的←latter adj.后者的→last adj.最后的 表示“时间”：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ Lately, Annie and Hank arrived almost 4 hours late than planned. Later, the latter went to see the latest movie late that evening. ‎ 最近，安妮和汉克比原计划晚到了将近四个小时。后来，后者深夜去看最新的电影了。 ‎ ‎ ‎ such as　例如……；像这种的；像……类的 ‎①Sweet foods such as chocolate can cause you to put on weight.‎ 像巧克力之类的甜食能使你发胖。‎ 名师点津：在such (...) as结构中，as既可以用作介词，也可以用作连词。用作连词时，as引导定语从句，此时such ... as意为“正如；像……一样的”。‎ ‎②She is such a good teacher as we expected.‎ 正如我们所料，她是一位好老师。‎ ‎[辨析]　such as, for example 试一试　选择上述词语填空 ‎①Many countries, for_example,_Mexico and Chile, have a lot of earthquakes.‎ ‎②They planted flowers such_as roses in the garden.‎ 辨一辨 such as 用来列举事物，用在列举的事物与前面名词之间，但数量总数不能等同于前面所提事物的总数 for example 用来举例说明前面说过的话或提出的观点，一般列举同类人或事物中的一个，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中和句末，往往用逗号隔开 ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 ‎[单一考点演练]‎ ‎1．Her wish is to have a roundtheworld ________ after she retires.‎ A．travel　　　　　　　　 B．tour C．voyage D．journey 解析：选B　句意：她的愿望是退休后能进行一次环球旅行。tour强调“巡回旅行”，符合题意，故选B。‎ ‎2．Mr. Green ________ goes to the park for a walk with some friends after supper.‎ A．frequently B．immediately C．completely D．finally 解析：选A　句意：格林先生常常晚饭后和几个朋友到公园散步。frequently“常常；频繁地”；immediately“立即；立刻”；completely“完全地”；finally“最终；最后”。‎ ‎3．—Have you ever ________ been to England?‎ ‎—Yes. I have been there for two years.‎ A．gradually B．actually C．extremely D．presently 解析：选B　句意：“你确实去过英国吗？”“是的。我在那儿待过两年。”gradually“逐渐地”；actually“实际上；事实上”；extremely“极其”；presently“目前”。‎ ‎4．His father serves in the army while her father is an ________ in the government.‎ A．official B．emigrant C．waiter D．secretary 解析：选A　句意：他爸爸在部队上服役，而她爸爸是一位政府官员。 official常指“政府官员；行政官员”；emigrant“移民”；waiter“侍者”；secretary“秘书”。由句意及不定冠词an可知，应选A。‎ ‎5．During the ________ part of November, there will be a series of activities.‎ A．latest B．late C．later D．latter 解析：选D　句意：在十一月份的下半月，将有一系列的活动。latest“最近的”；late“晚的”；later“较迟的”；latter“后面的”。结合句意D项最佳。‎ ‎6．Although the man speaks Chinese fluently, his ________ language is Indian.‎ A．vocabulary B．home C．native D．birth 解析：选C　句意：尽管这名男子可以说流利的汉语，但他的本族语是印度语。native language“本族语”。‎ ‎7．It's reported that a man was killed in the village last night, but the ________ of the victim hasn't been discovered.‎ A．accent B．expression C．identity D．base 解析：选C　句意：据报道昨晚一名男子在村子里被杀害了，但受害者的身份还没搞清楚。identity“身份”，符合题意。‎ ‎8．I'm rather busy ________. Can I call you back later?‎ A．at once B．at present C．at first D．at last 解析：选B　句意：我现在很忙，待会儿给你回电话好吗？at present (＝now)“现在；目前”，作时间状语，符合题意。at once“马上；立刻”；at first“起先；首先”；at last“最后；终于”。‎ ‎[多维考点演练]‎ ‎1．because of用法“点点练”‎ ‎(1)一句多译 由于下大雨，运动会不得不被推迟。 ‎ ‎→The sports meet had to be put off because_of_the_heavy_rain.(because of)‎ ‎→The sports meet had to be put off because_it_rained_heavily.(because)‎ ‎(2)完成句子 Because_of_his_hard_work,_he finally achieved his dream that he set up his own company.(because)‎ 由于他的努力工作，他最终实现了他的梦想，建立了他自己的公司。‎ ‎2．make use of“万花筒”‎ ‎(1)句型转换 You should make use of every minute to learn more knowledge.‎ ‎→Every minute should be made use of to learn more knowledge.‎ ‎→Use should be made of every minute to learn more knowledge.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 They tried their best to_make_good_use_of the opportunity that their school offered to study hard.(make)‎ 他们尽力好好利用学校提供的机会努力学习。‎ ‎3．come短语“面面观”‎ 用come的相关短语完成小片段 Yesterday when walking in the street, I ①came_across Li Hua; he told me his ‎ experiment for the drug ②came_along very successfully and his research paper would ③come_out. It was predicted that the number of people who can benefit from his research will ④come_to 1,000,000 a year.‎ 佳句背诵——背出语感是关键 背教材原句 背写作佳句(先填后背)‎ ‎1.Why not go by Underground？‎ 为什么不乘坐地铁去呢？ 1.Why_not go out for a picnic with us？‎ 为什么不与我们一起去野餐呢？‎ ‎2.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.‎ 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。 2. Be openminded to different opinions even_if you don't like them. ‎ 即使你不喜欢不同的观点，对它们也要采取开放的胸怀。‎ ‎3.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.‎ 当时的英语更多是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语则不是。 3.It was more hard work than cleverness that led to her success. ‎ 促使她成功的原因，与其说是她的聪明，倒不如说是她的努力工作。‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ Why not ...？“为什么不……？”表示向别人提出建议。‎ ‎①Why not base your idea on the truth?‎ 为什么不把你的想法建立在事实的基础上呢？‎ ‎②Why_not come up to my apartment?‎ 为什么不来我的公寓呢？‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ ‎“提建议”的表述法还有：‎ What/How about (doing) sth.？做……怎么样？Shall we do sth.？让我们做……好吗？Let's do sth.让我们做……吧。‎ ‎③What about having a walk? ＝Shall we have a walk？＝Let's have a walk. ‎ 去散步怎么样？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ 本句为主从复合句，even if引导让步状语从句，相当于even though, 意为“即使；尽管”。‎ ‎①Even if you're fluent in English, you may experience linguistic difficulties in the UK.‎ 即使你英语流利，在英国也许还是会遇到语言困难。‎ ‎②He likes to help me even_if/though he is very busy.‎ 尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我。 ‎ ‎[辨析]　even if/though, as if/though 试一试　选择上述词语填空 ‎①He speaks as_if/though he knows everything.‎ ‎②Even_if/though you don't like this film, you'd better see it.‎ 辨一辨 even if/though 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使；虽然”‎ as if/though 用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“就像……似的；似乎；仿佛”‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ more ... than ...‎ ‎(1)比……多；比……更 ‎①He is more careful than the others.‎ 他比其他人更仔细。‎ ‎(2)与其……倒不如说……；是……而不是……‎ ‎②She was more sad than angry when her son lied.‎ 当她的儿子撒谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。‎ 名师点津：该句型主要用于同一个人或物在两个不同性质或特征等方面的比较，其中比较级必须用加more的形式，不能用加词尾er的形式。‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ ‎(1)no more ... than ...表示对两者都否定，意为“同……一样不”(＝neither ... nor ...)。‎ ‎③He's no more able to read Spanish than I am.‎ ‎＝Neither he nor I am able to read Spanish.‎ 他和我都不懂西班牙语。‎ ‎(2)not more ... than指两者都具有某种特征，但是程度不同，意为“不如”“不及”(＝not so ... as)‎ ‎④This book is not more difficult than that one.‎ ‎＝This book is not so difficult as that one.‎ 这本书不如那本书难。‎ ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 Ⅰ.完成句子 ‎①He came to say goodbye to me even_if/though (即使) it was raining heavily.‎ ‎②He is more a singer than_ a painter. (与其……倒不如说……)‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 Shall we go climbing on Sunday?‎ ‎→Why not go climbing on Sunday? (用why not 改写)‎ ‎→How about going climbing on Sunday? (用how about 改写)‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．It is ________ what her friend said that she is in low spirits.‎ A．in case of　　　　　　　 B．in favor of C．in front of D．because of 解析：选D　句意：由于她朋友说的话才使她情绪低落。in case of“以防”；in favor of“支持”；in front of“在……的前面”；because of“因为”。结合句意应用because of。‎ ‎2．—Alice, do you know what question they ________ up with at the meeting yesterday?‎ ‎—Have no idea.‎ A．walked B．came C．cleaned D．ended 解析：选B　句意：“爱丽丝，你知道他们在昨天的会上提出了什么问题？”“不知道。”come up with“提出”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎3．The number of those missing in the New Zealand's quake was reported more than 200, including those recovered bodies that have yet to be ________.‎ A．judged B．recognized C．identified D．confirmed 解析：选C　考查动词辨析。句意：据报道，在新西兰地震中失踪的人数已经超过200人，包括那些已经被找回还未确认身份的尸体。C项意为“识别，鉴别”，符合语境，故C正确。A项意为“审判，评判”；B项意为“认识，认出”；D项意为“证实，认可”，均与语境不符。‎ ‎4．Many people like the film Aftershock, which was ________ on Tangshan Earthquake happening in 1976.‎ A．held B．kept C．based D．looked 解析：选C　句意：很多人喜欢电影《唐山大地震》，它基于1976发生的唐山地震而创作。考查be based on “基于……”。‎ ‎5．We are badly in need of waiters________； could you come and help us out?‎ A．at once B．at present C．at the end D．at first 解析：选B　句意：当前我们急需服务员，你能来帮我们吗？at once“立刻”；at present“目前”；at the end“最后”；at first“首先”。根据句意，应选B。‎ ‎6．As autumn announces its coming, the trees ________ turn yellow, which means winter will draw near too.‎ A．freely B．wonderfully C．gradually D．really 解析：选C　句意：随着秋天的到来，树叶逐渐变黄，预示着冬天也要来到了。freely“自由地”；wonderfully“极好地”；gradually“逐渐地”；really“真正地”。结合句意选gradually。‎ ‎7．“Why not make good ________ of your spare time to learn something you are interested in? ” said his mother.‎ A．progress B．decision C．noise D．use 解析：选D　句意：“为什么不好好利用你的业余时间来学习你感兴趣的东西？”妈妈说。make progress“取得进步”；make a decision“做出决定”；make a noise“制造噪音”；make use of“利用”。结合句意选use。‎ ‎8．In order to lose weight, she usually choose some fruits and vegetables as her main ‎ diet ________ some bananas for breakfast, some tomatoes for lunch and some cucumbers for supper.‎ A．in other words B．such as C．for example D．that is 解析：选B　句意：为了减肥，她通常把一些水果和蔬菜作为主食，像早饭吃香蕉，午饭吃西红柿，晚饭吃黄瓜。根据such as与for example的用法区别，应用such as。‎ ‎9．He's ________ over 60 years old, but he looks young, which is the result of sports and games.‎ A．entirely B．actually C．casually D．especially 解析：选B　句意：他实际上已超过60岁，但是他看上去很年轻，这是锻炼的结果。entirely“完全地”；actually“实际上”；casually“随意地”；especially“尤其；特别”。根据语境应用actually。‎ ‎10．We should keep in mind that there's usually ________ one way to solve the same problem.‎ A．less than B．rather than C．more or less D．more than 解析：选D　句意：我们应当记住，解决同一问题的方法通常不止一个。more than one＋n.“不止一个……”，是固定用法，符合题意。less than“少于”；rather than“而不是”；more or less“或多或少”。‎ Ⅱ.选用以下短语填空(其中有两项是多余的)‎ more than， come up， be based on， even if， because of， the number of， at present， make use of， such as， a number of ‎ ‎1．She can speak a fluent English at_present.‎ ‎2．She makes_use_of her every minute to learn English.‎ ‎3．The_number_of the students present at the meeting was smaller than I expected.‎ ‎4．She has some trouble in learning English, such_as spelling and vocabulary.‎ ‎5．She came_up to my apartment and shook hands with me.‎ ‎6．Success is_based_on hard work.‎ ‎7．The openair celebration has been put off because_of the bad weather.‎ ‎8．She will never give up even_if she felt tired sometimes.‎ Ⅲ.根据汉语提示，选用练习Ⅱ中的句子完成语段训练 艾米在学英语方面有些麻烦，比如拼写和词汇方面。因此，她常常来到她的朋友的公寓求助，因为她朋友的英语讲得非常流利。实际上，艾米利用每一分钟来学习英语，即使有时感觉有点累。但是她相信成功是建立在努力工作的基础上，所以艾米现在能说一口流利的英语。‎ Amy_has_some_trouble_in_learning_English,_such_as_spelling_and_vocabulary,_so_she_frequently_comes_up_to_her_friend's_apartment_for_help_because_the_latter_speaks_English_fluently.Actually,_every_minute_is_made_use_of_to_learn_English_by_Amy_even_if_she_feels_tired_sometimes._But_she_thinks_that_success_is_based_on_hard_work,_and_at_present_she_speaks_a_very_fluent_English.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．The little boy sat in the corner, trembling, as if he were seriously hurt. But in my ‎ opinion, he was more_frightened_than_hurt.(more)‎ 那个小男孩坐在角落里发抖，好像伤得很重。但在我看来，与其说他受到伤害倒不如说他受到惊吓。‎ ‎2．Based_on the Mayan calendar, theories about the end of the world on December 21,2012, created chaos all over the world.(base)‎ 以玛雅日历为基础的2012.12.21世界末日理论曾引起了世界范围内的混乱。‎ ‎3．Beijing was attacked by such_a_terrible_sandstorm_as few residents had ever experienced before.(such)‎ 北京受到很少有居民经历过的如此糟糕的沙尘暴袭击。‎ ‎4．Not until a week later did_the_question_come_up at the meeting.(come)‎ 直到一周后这个问题才在会议上被提出。‎ ‎5．The director told the visitors that very_little_use_was_made_of the waste water in the past.(use)‎ 导游告诉旅客说，过去很少利用废水。‎ ‎6．I'll do the work even_though/if_it_takes_me all the afternoon.(take)‎ 即使这项工作花费我整个下午的时间，我也要去做。‎ ‎ ‎ Section_Ⅲ Grammar——直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)‎ ( ‎ ‎ 语法图解 直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)祈使句变间接引语主句动词的变化人称、时间状语、地点状语的变化原祈使句动词变为动词不定式表示建议的直接引语变间接引语表示请求的一般疑问句变间接引语感叹句变间接引语 探究发现 ‎1．“Look at this example，” the teacher said to us.‎ ‎→The teacher told us to look at that example.‎ ‎2．“Would you like to see my flat？”she asked.‎ ‎→She asked me to see her flat.‎ ‎3．“Don't look out of the window, boys，” said the teacher.‎ ‎→The teacher told the boys not to look out of the window. ‎ ‎4．His father said to him，“Don't drive too fast.” ‎ ‎→His father told him not to drive too fast. ‎ ‎5．Mary said, “Let's go to the art exhibition this afternoon.” ‎ ‎→Mary suggested our going to the art exhibition that afternoon. ‎ ‎6．She advised me，“Have a hearttoheart talk with Bob.” ‎ ‎→She advised me to have a hearttoheart talk with Bob.‎ ‎7．He said, “What a beautiful house it is！” ‎ ‎→He said what a beautiful house it was.‎ ‎8．He said，“How clever the child is！” ‎ ‎→He said how clever the child was.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常采用动词＋sb.＋动词不定式结构。常见的引述动词有ask, tell, suggest, advise等，如1、2句。‎ ‎(2)转述否定祈使句时，在动词不定式符号to前加not，如 3、4句。‎ ‎(3)转述表示建议、提议的祈使句时，通常采用suggest＋动词ing形式或advise＋sb.＋动词不定式等结构，如5、6句。‎ ‎(4)转述感叹句时，常变为以what或how为引导词的宾语从句，如7、8句。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、祈使句变间接引语 ‎1．当祈使句作直接引语表示要求和命令时，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb. to do sth.的形式。‎ ‎ ‎ 名师点津：直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作宾语用。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[即时演练1]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ‎(1)“Follow his instructions，” she said to me.‎ ‎→She told me to_follow his instructions.‎ ‎(2)The officer said，“Go away.”‎ ‎→The officer ordered us to_go away.‎ ‎(3)The teacher said to me, “Come in.”‎ ‎→The teacher told me to_go in.‎ ‎2．引述表示请求的祈使句，常用ask, beg等词转述。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[即时演练2]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ‎(1)“Do some shopping for me, please，” he said to her.‎ ‎→He asked her to_do some shopping for him.‎ ‎(2)The mother said，“Tom, get up early, please.”‎ ‎→The mother asked Tom to_get up early.‎ ‎3．若直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符号to前要加not或 never。‎ The policeman shouted_at the thief, “Don't run away.”‎ ‎↓ ↓‎ ‎→The policeman ordered the thief not to run away.‎ ‎[即时演练3]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ‎(1)She said，“Don't make so much noise, children！”‎ ‎→She told the children not_to_make so much noise.‎ ‎(2)“Please don't do it again，” he said.‎ ‎→He asked me not_to_do it again.‎ 二、表示建议的直接引语变间接引语 当直接引语为表示建议、提议的祈使句或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句时，多采用“suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want sb.＋to do”等结构。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[即时演练4]　句型转换 ‎(1)Jack said，“Let's go to the cinema tonight.”‎ ‎→Jack suggested that we (should)_go to the cinema that night.‎ ‎→Jack suggested (our )going to the cinema that night.‎ ‎(2)John said，“Why not invite Mary to the party？”‎ ‎→John advised me to_invite Mary to the party.‎ ‎(3)“Let's go for a walk.” said my friend.‎ ‎→My friend suggested_going for a walk.‎ ‎(4)“Why don't you try again after supper？” he asked.‎ ‎→He advised me to_try again after supper.‎ 三、表示请求的一般疑问句变间接引语 若直接引语是“Could/Can/Will/Would ... please？”型一般疑问句，变间接引语时常用“ask sb. to do sth.”结构，且please要去掉。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[即时演练5]　将下列句子改为间接引语 ‎(1)“Can you lend me two yuan？” he asked me.‎ ‎→He asked me to_lend him two yuan.‎ ‎(2)Mike asked，“Can you tell me the way to the post office, Bob？”‎ ‎→Mike asked Bob to_tell him the way to the post office.‎ ‎(3)Jack said to me, “Will you please do it for me？”‎ ‎→Jack asked me to_do it for him.‎ 四、感叹句变间接引语 直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。‎ She said, “What a lovely day it is！”‎ ‎↓ ↓‎ ‎→She said what a lovely day it_was.‎ 名师点津：有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的意思使用适当的动词变为陈述句。‎ ‎“Happy New Year！” he said to me.‎ ‎→He wished me a Happy New Year.‎ ‎[即时演练6]　一句多译 ‎“What a lovely girl she is！” he said.‎ ‎→He said what a_lovely_girl_she_was.‎ ‎→He said that she_was_a_lovely_girl.‎ ‎→He said how lovely_a_girl_she_was.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.完成句子 ‎1．I didn't know what_he_had_said_to his teacher.(say)‎ 我不知道他对他的老师说了些什么。‎ ‎2．The manager insisted that we_(should)_break_away_from the companies who had done something that hurt our feelings.(break)‎ 经理坚持要求我们与那些做了伤害我们感情的事的公司决裂。‎ ‎3．He doesn't know how_he_can_finish his homework on time.(finish)‎ 他不知道他怎样才能按时完成他的作业。‎ ‎4．He told me (that)_he_had_made_mistakes_on_purpose to draw my attention.(make)‎ ‎ 他告诉我他故意犯错以引起我的注意。‎ ‎5．My classmates kept asking me how_it_came_about_that I worked out the math problem.(how)‎ 我的同学们一直在问我到底是怎么做出那道数学题的。‎ ‎6．—Tom, please don't talk in class.‎ ‎—Pardon?‎ ‎—I told_you_not_to talk in class.(tell)‎ ‎——汤姆，请不要在课堂上讲话。‎ ‎——对不起，你说什么？‎ ‎——我告诉你不要在课堂上讲话。‎ ‎7．—What did she say just now?‎ ‎—She said that she_couldn't_come this weekend because of illness.(come)‎ ‎——她刚才说什么？‎ ‎——她说因病本周末不能来。‎ ‎8．—What did the school say to the building workers?‎ ‎—The school asked them not_to_make_any_noise during the examination.(make)‎ ‎——学校对这些建筑工人说了什么？‎ ‎——学校请求他们在考试期间不要弄出任何声音来。‎ ‎9．He told her to_keep_walking_straight for two blocks and then turn left at the cross.(keep)‎ 他告诉她一直笔直走两个街区，然后在十字路口向左转。‎ ‎10．He always suggests that I_should_put the books where they belong.(put)‎ 他总是建议我要把书放回原处。‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．“Give me a hand, please，” he said to her.‎ ‎→He asked her_to_give_him_a_hand.‎ ‎2．Mary said to Tom，“Please remember to answer that letter as soon as possible.”‎ ‎→Mary reminded Tom to_remember_to_answer_that_letter_as_soon_as_possible.‎ ‎3．“Don't touch anything on show，” the guide said to us.‎ ‎→The guide told us not_to_touch_anything_on_show.‎ ‎4．He said, “If the boy refuses to help, tell his father.”‎ ‎→He advised me to tell_his_father_if_the_boy_refused_to_help.‎ ‎5．“Shut the door when you leave，”said he.‎ ‎→He told me to shut_the_door_when_I_left.‎ ‎6．The teacher said，“You should keep on doing it.”‎ ‎→The teacher suggested that_I_should_keep_on_doing_it.‎ ‎7．Li Hua said，“What about going to the cinema this afternoon.”‎ ‎→Li Hua advised to go_to_the_cinema_that_afternoon.‎ ‎8．John said，“Would you please help me with my homework, Alice？”‎ ‎→John asked Alice to_help_him_with_his_homework.‎ Section_Ⅳ Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language ‎[课文预览•阅读提能]( ) ‎ ‎ Fastreading Read the passage Standard English and Dialects and then tell True(T) or False(F)．‎ ‎1．There is no standard English in the writer's opinion. (　　)‎ ‎2．The English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. (　　)‎ ‎3．American English has many dialects but in the same town people say the same dialect. ‎ ‎ (　　)‎ ‎4．Geography plays a part in making dialects. (　　)‎ 答案：1～4 TFFT ‎ Carefulreading Read the passage Standard English and Dialects and then answer the following questions.‎ ‎1．Standard English is spoken ________.‎ A．in Britain　　　　　　　　 B．in the US C．in the city D．in no place ‎2．The British speak ________.‎ A．excellent English B．dialect C．standard English D．British English ‎3．________ is called a dialect.‎ A．Native language B．The language using words or expressions different from the “standard language”‎ C．Excellent English ‎ D．The language spoken in the midwest ‎4．American English has so many dialects because ________.‎ A．people have come from all over the world B．the US is made up of so many states C．Americans move from one place to another D．the US is a large country ‎5．As many Americans move a lot, they ________.‎ A．change their dialects B．take their dialects with them C．don't speak their dialects D．don't recognize each other's dialects 答案：1～5　DDBAB 学前自检——识记会写是前提 项目一必记单词 Ⅰ.基础单词(根据词性及汉语意思写出下列单词) ‎ ‎1．command n．& vt.　　　 命令；指令；掌握 ‎2．request n．& vt. 请求；要求 ‎3．midwestern adj. 中西部的；有中西部特性的 ‎4．northwestern adj. 西北方的；来自西北的 ‎5．lorry n. 卡车 ‎6．accent n. 口音；腔调；重音 ‎7．lightning n. 闪电 ‎8．block n. 街区；块；木块；石块 Ⅱ.拓展单词(根据词性及汉语意思写出下列单词)‎ ‎9．express v．表达；表示→expression n．词语；表示；表达 ‎10．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognition n．认出；承认 ‎11．east n．东方；东部地区→eastern adj.东方的；东部的 ‎12．straight adv.直接；挺直 adj.直的；笔直的；正直的→straightness n．笔直；率直 项目二必会短语 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出短语 ‎1．believe_it_or_not　　　　 信不信由你 ‎2．from_all_over_the_world 来自世界各地 ‎3．play_a_part_(in) 扮演一个角色；参与 ‎4．from one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方 ‎5．the_same_..._as_... 和……相同 ‎6．take_sth._with_sb. 随身携带 ‎7．take_note_of 注意；记下 ‎8．build_up 建立；增进(健康)‎ Ⅱ.选用以上短语填空(其中有两项是多余的)‎ ‎1．She plays_an active part_in all kinds of activities held by school.‎ ‎2．Heat may travel in the_same manner as light does.‎ ‎3．He tried to build_up his strength.‎ ‎4．We should welcome friends from all over the world with a smile and be friendly to everyone.‎ ‎5．Believe_it_or_not,_she can draw a strong bow.‎ ‎6．Take_note_of what I say and do not forget it.‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ command n．& vt.　命令；指令；掌握 ‎[记法]‎ 联想记忆：[熟]hand→[根]man(d)＝hand(手)handle(操纵，处理)→command ‎[用法]‎ ‎(1)n.命令；指令；掌握 ‎①All the soldiers were under his command.‎ 所有士兵由他指挥。‎ ‎②Terrorists were in command of the whole city.‎ 恐怖分子控制了整个城市。‎ ‎③The boy is at his mother's command.‎ 这孩子很听他妈妈的话。‎ ‎④The police took command of the situation soon.‎ 警察很快控制了局势。‎ ‎⑤She has a good command of English.‎ 她英语掌握得很好。‎ ‎(1)under the command of sb. ＝under sb.'s command ‎　　　　　　　　　　 由某人指挥；由某人控制 ‎(2)be in command of 控制…… ‎ ‎(3)be at one's command 听任某人支配 ‎(4)take command of 控制……‎ ‎(5)have a command of ... 了解/掌握……‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2)vt.命令；指令；掌握 ‎①The captain commanded all the soldiers to leave the ship.‎ 船长命令全体士兵离开船。‎ ‎②The officer commanded that his soldiers (should) fire.‎ 军官命令士兵们开火。‎ ‎(1)command sb. to_do sth.命令某人做某事 ‎(2)command that sb.(should)_do sth. ‎ 命令某人应该做某事 (从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略)‎ request n．& vt.　请求；要求 ‎[用法]‎ ‎(1)vt.请求；要求 People are requested not to smoke in the public places.‎ ‎＝It requests that people (should) not smoke in the public places.‎ 公共场所不准吸烟。‎ ‎(1)request sb. to_do sth.　　 要求某人做某事 ‎(2)request that sb. (should)_do sth. 要求某人做某事 (从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略)‎ ‎(2)n.请求；要求 ‎①He came to attend the party at her request/at the request of her/by request of her.‎ 他应她的邀请来参加宴会。‎ ‎②They made a request for more food and clothes.‎ 他们要求再添一些食物和衣服。‎ ‎③She made a request that I (should) help him.‎ 她恳求我帮他的忙。‎ ‎(1)at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb.＝by request of sb. 应某人之请求 ‎(2)make a request for sth. 要求得到某物 ‎(3)make a request that sb.(should)_do sth.‎ 请求某人做某事(从句用虚拟语气，should可以省略)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[联想]‎ 表示请求、命令、建议、要求等词后面跟从句时，从句谓语用(should＋) do/be done，以下动词具有相同的用法。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ believe it or not　信不信由你 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①Believe it or not, I was left waiting in the rain for two hours.‎ 信不信由你，我在雨中一直等了两个小时。 ‎ ‎②Believe it or not, she passed the driving test yesterday.‎ 信不信由你，昨天她通过了驾照考试。‎ ‎[联想]‎ 请同学们记一下英语中常见的插入语：‎ ‎①to tell (you) the truth　　　 (跟你)说实话 ‎②to be honest 老实说 ‎③generally speaking 一般说来 ‎④in other words 换句话说 ‎⑤what's more 而且 ‎⑥what's worse 更糟糕的是 ‎⑦that is to say 也就是说 ‎ ‎ play a part (in)　扮演一个角色；参与 ‎[用法]‎ play a part in＝play a role in　 在……中扮演一个角色；在……方面起作用 play the part/role of＋(角色名) 扮演……的角色 ‎①Computers play an important part in modern life.‎ 计算机在现代生活中起着重要作用。 ‎ ‎②The famous actress, Lin Xinru, plays_a_leading_role_in the TV play.‎ 著名女演员林心如在这部电视剧里担任主角。‎ ‎③The famous actor played the part of a policeman in the play.‎ 那位名演员在戏中扮演警察的角色。‎ ‎ ‎ recognize vt.　辨认出；承认；公认 ‎[记法]‎ 词根记忆：re(again)＋cogn(＝know)＋ize(v.)＝recognize ‎[用法]‎ ‎①The moment I answered the phone, I recognized his voice.‎ 我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。‎ ‎②Jobs was recognized as/to be a genius of computer.‎ 人们认为乔布斯是个电脑天才。‎ ‎③It is recognized that A Dream of Red Mansions is a classic.‎ ‎《红楼梦》是一部公认的经典著作。‎ ‎(1)recognize_sb./one's_voice ‎ 认出某人/听出某人的声音 ‎(2)recognize_sb./sth._as/to_be　　 承认……是……‎ ‎(3)It_is_recognized_that_... 公认/承认……‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 ‎[单一考点演练]‎ ‎1．—What do you think ________ an important part in their lives?‎ ‎—Folk music.‎ A．plays　　　　　　　　　 B．takes C．makes D．acts 解析：选A　play a part in ...表示“在……中起作用”，是固定短语。另外，要注意句中的do you think 是插入语。 ‎ ‎2．I'm surprised to hear from my school teacher again.________， it is ten years since we met last.‎ A．In a word B．What's more C．That's to say D．Believe it or not 解析：选D　从上句“又一次收到我学校老师的信使我很吃惊”和下句“自从上次我们见面到现在已经10年了”，可知应用believe it or not(信不信由你)。in a word“总之；一句话”；what's more“而且”；that's to say“也就是说”。‎ ‎3．Over the years she had tried her best to ________ the terrible memory, but it was not an easy task. ‎ A．live on B．block out C．bring back D．call up 解析：选B　句意：这些年来她尽力阻止可怕的回忆，但这并不容易。block out “封闭”； live on “继续存在”； bring back “使回想起，恢复”；call up “打电话，使想起”。‎ ‎4．I could tell that he was very sad from the ________ on his face.‎ A．expression B．description C．sight D．feeling 解析：选A　考查名词词义辨析。expression “表情”；description“描述”；sight “视力”；feeling“感觉”。由语境“从他脸上的表情我可以看出他很伤心”可知选A。‎ ‎[多维考点演练]‎ ‎1．command短语“点点练”‎ ‎(1)介词填空 ‎①Who is in command of our navy?‎ ‎②The army is under the king's direct command.‎ ‎③He has a command of everything which has happened in that country.‎ ‎(2)一句多译 他命令我们一个小时内完成这项工作。‎ ‎→He_commanded_that_we_(should)_finish_the_work_in_an_hour.(command that ...)‎ ‎→He_commanded_us_to_finish_the_work_in_an_hour.(command sb. to do sth.)‎ ‎2．request用法“多棱镜”‎ ‎(1)用request的相关短语填空 ‎①My parents requested_me_to_learn (要求我学) a second foreign language.‎ ‎②The kids made_a_request_for_a_visit (要求参观) to that village.‎ ‎③At_his_own_request (应他自己的要求), Tom was searched and nothing was found on him.‎ ‎(2)一句多译 所有的成员均被要求参加会议。‎ ‎→All_the_members_are_requested_to_attend_the_meeting.(be requested to)‎ ‎→It_is_requested_that_all_the_members_(should)_attend_the_meeting.(It is requested that ...)‎ 佳句背诵——背出语感是关键 背教材原句 背写作佳句(先填后背)‎ ‎1.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.‎ 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。 1.There_is_no_such_thing_as a free lunch in the world. ‎ 天下没有免费的午餐。‎ ‎2.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.‎ 这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。 2.This_is_because you are playing an important part in your family. ‎ 这是因为你在你的家庭中起着重要作用。‎ ‎3.So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.‎ 因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。 3.I am facing the_same problem as you did years ago. ‎ 我正面临几年前你所面临的问题。‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ there is no such ... (as ...)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。‎ ‎①There is no such thing as part freedom.‎ 不存在部分自由之说。 ——曼德拉 ‎②There is no such (＝not such a) man in our neighborhood.‎ 我们的居民区没有这样的人。‎ ‎③It may help you to know that there_is_no_such_thing_as a perfect speech.‎ 它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。‎ 名师点津：such与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面；与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。‎ ‎④There are many such books in the library.‎ 图书馆里有很多这样的书。‎ ‎[文化链接]‎ 十九世纪的时候，美国有些酒吧给顾客提供免费的午餐。所谓午餐，其实不过是些用来和啤酒一起送出的脆饼；而所谓免费，当然不是真的，不买酒喝就没有饼吃。所以，当时有人说：There's no such thing as a free lunch.到了二十世纪七十年代，经济学家米尔顿•弗里德曼(Milton Friedman)写的一本书用了这句话做书名。他在别的著作、演讲里也多次引用这句话。于是，这句话就又流行了起来。有时，我们不相信会得到一些优惠，就可以用这句弗里德曼名言。例如：‎ I don't believe he's giving us the money without any ulterior motive. There's no such thing as a free lunch.‎ 我相信不是别有用心他不送钱给我们，世上没有免费的午餐。‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ such还可用于以下几种结构：‎ (1)such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数名词adj.＋复数名词adj.＋不可数名词＋that结果状语从句 (2)such ... as ...“像……这样的……”，as为关系代词，在句中引导定语从句 (3)such as“例如”，用于列举人或事物 ‎⑤It was such a moving film that she cried after seeing it. ‎ 这部电影非常感人，她看后哭了。‎ ‎⑥She is such_a_beautiful_woman_as everyone wants to see. (as引导定语从句)‎ 她是一个如此漂亮的女人，每个人都想看一看。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ This/That/It is because ...意为“这/那是因为……”。because在这个句型中引导表语从句，表示原因；this/that/it表示结果。‎ ‎①You have made rapid progress; this is because he helps you a lot.‎ 你进步很快，这是因为他经常帮助你。‎ ‎②I wouldn't like to go out; this_is_because I've got a cold.‎ 我不想出去，这是因为我感冒了。‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ This/That/It is why ...意为“这/那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，在从句中作原因状语。this/that/it表示原因，why引导的从句表示结果。 ‎ ‎③I've got a cold; that is why I wouldn't like to go out.‎ 我感冒了，那就是我为什么不想出去的原因。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ the same ...as意为“和……一样；与……相同”。as既可用作介词，也可用作连词。‎ ‎①Mary's hair is the same colour as her mother's.‎ 玛丽头发的颜色跟她母亲的一样。‎ ‎②I bought the same book as_you_gave_to_her.‎ 我买了一本和你给她的一样的书。‎ ‎[辨析]　the same (...) as, the same (...) that 试一试　选择上述词语填空 ‎①This is the_same person as I met yesterday. They look alike.‎ ‎②This is the_same person that I met yesterday. He is still wear his red gloves.‎ 辨一辨 the same (...) as 表示两者相同或是同一类。as可以作介词，后跟名词、代词；也可以作关系代词，引导定语从句 the same (...) that 表示两者为同一个。that为关系代词，引导定语从句 ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 完成句子 ‎1．①It is such_a_beautiful_park_that everyone wants to visit it.(such)‎ 这是一个如此美丽的公园，每个人都想去参观。‎ ‎②It is such a beautiful park as_everyone_wants_to_visit.(as)‎ 这是一个每个人都想去参观的美丽的公园。‎ ‎2．① He was caught in the rain. That_was_why he caught a cold.(be)‎ 他被雨淋了，这就是他感冒的原因。‎ ‎②He caught a cold. That_was_because he was caught in the rain.(be)‎ 他感冒了，那是因为他被雨淋了。‎ ‎3．①This is the same pen as_I_lost_yesterday.(lose)‎ 这支钢笔和我昨天丢的钢笔一样。‎ ‎②This is the same pen that_I_lost_yesterday.(lose)‎ 这就是我昨天丢的钢笔。‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．She had changed so much that I could hardly ________ her.‎ A．remember　　　　　　　　　 B．recognize C．realize D．awake 解析：选B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：她变得我简直认不出来了。remember “记得”；recognize“认出；承认”；realize“意识到；认识到”；awake“醒来”。根据句意选B项。‎ ‎2．The boy ________ to go boating with his schoolmates.‎ A．requested B．recognized C．suggested D．advised 解析：选A　考查动词词义及用法辨析。句意：那男孩要求与同学一起去划船。request sb. to do ...“要求某人做……”；recognize sb. to be ...“认为某人是……”；suggest/advise doing“建议做……”。根据句意及用法选A项。‎ ‎3．Time is limited, and let's come ________ to the point.‎ A．straight B．strangely C．immediately D．clearly 解析：选A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：时间有限，让我们直奔话题。come straight to the point“开门见山；单刀直入；谈正题”，为固定用法。‎ ‎4．As soon as he heard the news, an ________ of surprise appeared on his face.‎ A．condition B．situation C．function D．expression 解析：选D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：一听到这个消息，他脸上就出现了惊喜的神色。condition“条件”；situation“境况”；function“功能”；expression“表情”。 根据句意选D项。‎ ‎5．The part that she ________ in the film made her famous.‎ A．played B．put C．treated D．got 解析：选A　考查固定搭配。句意：她在这部电影中扮演的角色让她出了名。play a part in ...“在……里扮演角色”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎6．They were talking in ________， so it was hard for me to understand them.‎ A．accent B．dialect C．language D．expression 解析：选B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们用方言交谈，因此我听不懂。accent“口音”；dialect“方言”；language“语言”；expression“表达”。根据句意选B项。‎ ‎7．The composition is good; ________， there is room for improvement.‎ A．therefore B．instead C．rather D．however 解析：选D　考查副词词义辨析。句意：这篇作文还不错，不过还得改进。however “然而”，表示转折。‎ ‎8．In order not to let the cars drive along the street, they ________ the entrance with big stones.‎ A．stood B．dug C．buried D．blocked 解析：选D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了不让车在这条街上开，他们用大石块堵住了路口。stand“站”；dig“挖”；bury“埋葬”；block“阻塞”。根据句意选D项。‎ ‎9．He ________ that the work be finished before 5 o'clock.‎ A．declared B．announced C．expressed D．commanded 解析：选D　句意：他命令在五点前应该完成工作。command后跟的宾语从句用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略。‎ ‎10．—More and more people have got to know the importance of the English study. ________， about six people in ten in this city are able to speak English.‎ ‎—That's great.‎ A．In other words B．Believe it or not C．To be honest D．To tell the truth 解析：选B　句意：“越来越多的人意识到学习英语的重要性。信不信由你，这个城市中十个人中有六个能够说英语。”“真是太好了。”believe it or not“信不信由你”，符合句意。in other words“换句话说”；to be honest和to tell the truth意为“说实话；老实说”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．There_is_no_sense_trying to persuade him to change his mind. You know, he is a stubborn man.(sense)‎ ‎ 试图劝说他改变心意是没意义的。你知道，他是个固执的人。‎ ‎2．Believe_it_or_not,_there is no such thing as free lunch throughout the world.(believe)‎ 信不信由你，世上没有免费的午餐这回事。‎ ‎3．Mr. Zhang played_an_important_part_in carrying out the plan.(play)‎ 张先生在执行这项计划中起着非常重要的作用。‎ ‎4．She is wearing a long red coat so you'll be_sure_to_recognize_her.(recognize)‎ 她穿着一件红色的长大衣，你肯定能认出她。‎ ‎5．The captain commanded_his_men_to_sail to the port quickly.(command)‎ 船长命令他的人迅速向港口航行。‎ ‎6．They've made an urgent request that the fresh water (should) be supplied at once.(supply)‎ 他们迫切要求淡水应该立刻供应。‎ ‎7．The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.(understand)‎ 新的故事书是用最简易的英语写的，以便初学者能够理解。‎ ‎8．It is recommended that the project should_not_be_started until all the preparations have been made.(start)‎ 建议在一切准备工作做好之后再开始这一项目。‎ ‎9．It_is_recognized_that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.(recognize)‎ 人们一致认为环境污染已经成为人们所面对的最严重的问题之一。‎ ‎10．Mum asked me how_I_dealt_with the disagreement between the company and the customers.(deal)‎ 妈妈问我是如何处理公司和顾客之间的分歧的。‎ ‎ ‎ 海　报 ‎ ‎ ‎ 英文海报通常含有通知性，所以主题应该明确，一目了然。它还包含广告的某些特点，要求内容简明扼要，形式新颖美观。‎ ‎1．明确海报的类型 明确你要写的海报是活动宣传、招聘广告还是人物介绍。 ‎ ‎2．把握海报的语言特点 海报要求用最少的文字包含最多的信息，以起到醒目的效果，因此海报多用省略句、缩略语、短语表达。 ‎ ‎3．突出海报的重要信息 ‎ 为进一步增强海报的醒目性，一些重要信息常常被分行突出，并且在其前面用粗点、星号等特殊符号加以强调，有时还配有图片以增强吸引力。 ‎ ‎4．掌握各种海报的写作要求 ‎ ‎(1)写活动宣传的海报时，可以先介绍要宣传的活动，再写活动的时间、地点、目的、活动安排以及主办单位等。 ‎ ‎(2)写招聘广告时要先介绍要招聘的职位，然后写对求职者的要求等。 ‎ ‎(3)‎ 写人物介绍的海报时，可以先把要介绍的人物的名字放在显要位置，然后依次介绍该人物的出生时间、出生地点、特殊技能等，再简单介绍该人物所从事的事业等。 ‎ 一、基本框架 ‎1．标题 首先根据海报的特点、格式写明标题。 ‎ ‎2．正文部分 不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报，首先引出话题，其次列出原因，最后总结。对于宣传类海报，要写清楚具体内容，如：活动内容、地点以及参加规定、主持或举办单位等。‎ ‎3．落款 ‎ 出海报的单位署名通常放在右下角，日期位于署名的下一行。‎ 二、注意事项 ‎1．海报的标题必须简洁明了，词数不能太多，而且必须能吸引读者的眼球。‎ ‎2．海报的写作目的就是让读者了解活动的信息，传达信息才是海报最重要的任务，所以文字的修饰要服务于信息，不能玩文字游戏，使读者摸不着头脑。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[题目要求]‎ 海报：英语的重要性 请你以“我们为什么要学习英语”为话题写一则英文海报，强调英语的重要性。陈述理由须包括：许多国家的官方语言；英语是外贸用语；中国需要使用英语与西方国家进行交流等。 ‎ 注意：1.词数不少于120；‎ ‎2．内容要适当发挥，注意行文连贯。 ‎ Poster ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 第一步：细审题、三确定 ‎1．确定体裁：本文为英文海报。‎ ‎2．确定人称：以第三人称为主。‎ ‎3．确定时态：以一般现在时为主。‎ 第二步：拟要点、列提纲 ‎1．主题：①_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．原因：②_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎③__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎④__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑤‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．结果：⑥_________________________________________________________________‎ 第三步：依提纲、准翻译 要点一：学英语为什么如此重要？‎ Why_is_it_important_to_learn_English?‎ 要点二：英语是许多国家的官方语言。(用简单句)‎ English_is_an_official_language_in_many_countries.‎ 要点三：随着世界经济的快速发展，国与国之间用英语做外贸生意并得到了广泛应用。(用be used to do结构)‎ With_the_world_economy_developing_fast,_English_is_used_to_do_business_among_countries_and_has_been_made_full_use_of.‎ 要点四：中国是发展中国家，需要变得强大。(用and连接并列句)‎ China_is_a_developing_country_and_needs_to_make_itself_strong.‎ 要点五：中国的确需要与西方国家进行交流。‎ China_does_need_to_communicate_with_western_countries.‎ 要点六：英语很重要，我们需要学习。(用and 连接并列句)‎ English_is_important_and_we_need_to_learn_it.‎ 第四步：句升级、求靓丽 句式升级一：用play a part in 改写要点三 With_the_world_economy_developing_fast,_English_is_playing_a_more_and_more_important_part_in_business.‎ 句式升级二： 用There are several reasons for ...和定语从句改写要点二 There_are_several_reasons_for_it,_one_of_which_is_that_English_is_recognized_as_an_official_language_in_many_countries.‎ 句式升级三：用同位语改写要点四 China,_a_developing_country,_needs_to_make_itself_strong.‎ 句式升级四：用so ... that ...改写要点六 English_is_so_important_that_we_need_to_learn_it_well.‎ 第五步：巧衔接、顺成文 Poster Why is it important to learn English？There are several reasons for it, one of which is that English is recognized as an official language in many countries. With the world economy developing fast, English is playing a more and more important part in business and it has been made full use of. In order to make it strong, China, a developing country, does need to communicate with the western countries often in English.‎ All in all, English is so important that we need to learn it well.‎ ‎ ‎ 增分佳句 ‎1．活动宣传类 ‎(1)开头语：第一句话用来交代活动的内容和时间 ‎①We'll have a show/football match on July 16th.‎ 我们将于七月十六日举行一次展览/足球赛。‎ ‎②There is a piece of news that we'll hold a ... show/football match on July 16th.‎ 有条消息就是我们将于七月十六日举行一次展览/足球赛。‎ ‎③Our school is holding an English party at seven in the concert hall this evening.‎ 我们学校将于今晚七点在校音乐厅举行英语晚会。‎ ‎④We hope to raise money to help the poor children.‎ 我们希望能筹到钱来帮助那些贫困的孩子。‎ ‎(2)正文：交代活动的地点及其他相关内容 ‎①The match will be wonderful.‎ 比赛会非常精彩。‎ ‎②All the clothes are low in price but high quality.‎ 所有衣服物美价廉。‎ ‎③You can buy tickets online, and the price is 2 yuan for each.‎ 可以网上订票，每人两元。‎ ‎④By then, some new clothes are even 50% off. If you spend more than 100 yuan at one time, you can get a present. ‎ 届时一些衣服将半价处理。如果一次性消费超过100元，你将得到一份精美礼品。‎ ‎⑤Call Lily at 51542636 or email ...‎ 请致电莉莉51542636或发电邮……‎ ‎(3)结束语：用一些鼓励性语言激发读者的兴趣 ‎ ‎①Please come and cheer for them. ‎ 快来给他们加油吧。‎ ‎②All are warmly welcome.‎ 热烈欢迎各位。‎ ‎③Catch the chance, or you will regret.‎ 抓住机会，不会后悔。‎ ‎2．招聘广告类 ‎①Would you like to be a volunteer?‎ 想成为志愿者吗？‎ ‎②We have a job for you as a volunteer.‎ 我们有份志愿者的工作。‎ ‎③You are required to be able to speak English.‎ 要求会说英语。‎ ‎④You can get 500 yuan per day/month/year.‎ 日薪/月薪/年薪500元。‎ ‎⑤You should have three years of work experience.‎ 要求有三年工作经验。‎ ‎⑥Please call ... if you want to ...‎ 如果有意请致电……‎ ‎3．人物介绍类 ‎(1)概况：‎ ‎①Madam Curie, a great scientist, was born in Poland on Nov.7,1867.‎ 居里夫人，一位伟大的科学家，于1867年11月7日生于波兰。‎ ‎②Sun Yang, a world champion in swimming, is a youngster of 23 from Hangzhou.‎ 孙杨，一位游泳世界冠军，是一位来自杭州的23岁年轻人。‎ ‎(2)外貌、性格 ‎①He is a tall and thin guy with thick eyebrows, looking very handsome.‎ 他高高瘦瘦，眉毛浓密，看起来非常帅。‎ ‎②Born in Germany, Einstein is a great scientist with extraordinary imagination.‎ 爱因斯坦出生于德国，是一位伟大的科学家，他想象力非凡。‎ ‎(3)教育经历 Graduating from the department of English of Zhongshan University, she went on further education and received a doctor's degree.‎ 从中山大学英语系毕业后，她继续深造，获得了博士学位。‎ ‎(4)生平 ‎①Not only is he interested in science, but also he has a gift for music.‎ 他不但对科学感兴趣，而且也有音乐天赋。‎ ‎②He set a new world record of swimming, which won a gold medal for China Team.‎ 他创下了一项新的游泳世界纪录，为中国队赢了一枚金牌。‎ ‎③So hard does he work that he devotes almost all his lifetime to our human cause.‎ 他工作很勤奋，将毕生精力献给了人类事业。‎ ‎(5)评估 ‎①Lei Feng set us a good example, so all the people spoke highly of him and all respected him.‎ 雷锋为我们树立了好榜样，因而所有人都高度赞扬他并尊敬他。‎ ‎②Mo Yan is one of the greatest novelists in China and will be always remembered as an outstanding man.‎ 莫言是中国最伟大的小说家之一，他将作为杰出人士而被人们永远记着。‎ Section Ⅴ[自修课] 功能意念项目和话题项目 一、功能意念项目——情感之同情(对应学生用书P42) ‎ 本单元的功能意念项目为新课标中的“情感——同情”。“同情”在日常交际中经常用到。在听力理解中经常考查对话双方表示同情的用语。‎ ‎[常见交际用语]‎ I'm so sorry! ‎ I'm so sorry about ...‎ It's a great pity! ‎ You must be sad/disappointed.‎ What a shame!‎ That's too bad!‎ Bad luck!‎ I'm sorry to hear that.‎ ‎[迁移应用领悟]‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．(福建高考)—My teacher says she's canceling the class play.I just can't understand.‎ ‎—______.You were looking forward to it.‎ A．It doesn't matter B．It's very unwise of her C．Don't worry about it D．You must be disappointed 解析：选D　考查交际用语。依据“You were looking forward to it.”可知，空处要表达的意思是，你肯定会失望的。‎ ‎2．—Why isn't Mary at the dance?‎ ‎—She couldn't come because she hurt her foot.‎ ‎—________‎ A．Don't worry about her！　　　　 B．Never mind.‎ C．What a shame! D．Bad luck!‎ 解析：选C　考查交际用语。根据语境she hurt her foot可知，C项表示“真可惜”符合语境。‎ ‎3．—My mother is ill and I have to take care of her at home.‎ ‎—________. I hope she will recover soon.‎ A．Never think about it　　　 B．Sorry to hear that C．It doesn't matter D．Don't worry 解析：选B　考查交际用语。句意：“我妈妈病了，我不得不在家照顾她。”“听到这事我很难过，希望她早日康复。”“Sorry to hear that.”是听到对方说了一些不好的事情后表示同情的应答语，符合句意。‎ ‎4．—I will hand in this report tomorrow, so I have to finish it tonight.‎ ‎—________. You really need a good rest.‎ ‎ A．Good luck to you B．Stop that ‎ C．Don't mention it D．Poor you 解析：选D　考查交际用语。句意：“我明天要交这份报告，因此我今晚得把它完成。”“你好可怜，你真的需要好好休息。”Good luck to you“祝你好运”；Stop that“别那样”；Don't mention it“不客气”；Poor you“你好可怜”。根据句意可知应选D。‎ Ⅱ.情景对话(根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项是多余的)‎ Alice's mother is very ill. She wishes to take a few days off from school so she goes to her teacher, Mr Green.‎ ‎—Excuse me, Mr Green. I'd like to take a few days off.‎ ‎—__1__‎ ‎—My mother's ill. I have to take care of her.‎ ‎—Oh dear! I'm sorry to hear that. __2__‎ ‎—No, thank you. My mother has caught a bad cold. She has a high fever and coughs day and night. The doctor says my mother has to be in hospital for a few days. I'd like to be with her.‎ ‎—I understand. __3__‎ ‎—I hope to be back next Wednesday.‎ ‎—That's all right. __4__‎ ‎—Thank you, Mr Green. That's very kind of you. I'll write it immediately.‎ ‎—__5__ I'll certainly help you with them when you get back.‎ A．Is there anything I can do to help?‎ B．What's the matter, Alice?‎ C．I hope your mother gets well soon.‎ D．How long will you be away?‎ E．Where have you been, Alice?‎ F．But you must write a written request for leave to be away.‎ G．Don't worry about your lessons. ‎ 答案：1～5　BADFG 二、课标话题项目——语言学习之英美英语差异(对应学生用书P43) ‎ 本单元话题是English language and its development, different kinds of English，属于新课标二十四个话题中的第17个话题语言学习(Language learning)。本单元话题主要涉及的内容是英美英语的差异及世界各地的英语，旨在加强学生对英语语言的了解及其发展趋势的了解。语言学习话题是高考考查的重要话题之一，在阅读和写作中都有所考查。如2013年陕西卷阅读理解D篇，2013年辽宁卷阅读理解D篇等。‎ ‎[话题词汇积累]‎ ‎1．native 　　　　　　　　　　　 本国的；本国人 ‎2．vocabulary 词汇；词汇量 ‎3．spelling 拼写；拼法 ‎4．fluent 流利的 ‎5．usage 用法 ‎6．dialect 方言 ‎7．expression 词语；表达 ‎8．accent 口音；重音 ‎9．world Englishes 世界英语 ‎10．official language 官方语言 ‎11．the first/second language 第一/二语言 ‎12．be based on 以……为基础 ‎13．make use of 利用 ‎14．standard English 标准英语 ‎15．speak 讲某种语言 ‎16．communicate 交流 ‎17．learn/study 学习 ‎18．excellent speaker 极好的演讲者 ‎19．language school 语言学校 ‎20．make dialects 形成方言 ‎21．understand each other 理解彼此 ‎22．listen to others 倾听别人 ‎23．watch English movies 看英文电影 ‎24．listen to English music/songs 听英文歌曲 ‎[话题佳句必背]‎ ‎1．Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.‎ 如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。‎ ‎2．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.‎ 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。‎ ‎3．Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.‎ 事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化、有所发展。‎ ‎4．English is recognized as one of the official languages of the Olympic games and the United Nations.‎ 英语被公认为是奥运会和联合国的官方语言之一。‎ ‎5．Like all major world languages, English is constantly changing.‎ 和所有主要的世界语言一样，英语一直在不断变化。‎ ‎6．It is important for us to become familiar with English.‎ 熟悉点英语对我们很重要。‎ ‎[类文阅读技巧]‎ 本篇文章是一篇关于各地英语的说明文，阅读此类文章时要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1．把握说明文的文体特点；　2.分清是事物说明文还是事理说明文；‎ ‎3．理清说明的顺序；　　　　4.弄清说明方法；　5.把握说明的主旨。‎ ‎[示例] ‎ ‎ Canadian English [行文脉络] ‎ Canadian English is affected by both British and American English. In vocabulary there are a lot of US influences: Canadians use billboard (广告牌), gas, truck, and wrench (扳手) rather than hoarding, petrol, lorry, and spanner; but on the other hand, they agree with the British in saying blinds (窗帘), braces (吊带裤), porridge, and tap (龙头) rather than shades, suspenders, oatmeal, and faucet.‎ South African English Since 1994 South Africa has had eleven official languages: English, Afrikaans (having developed from Dutch), Zulu Xhosa, and other largely regional African languages. English is the first language of only about 10 percent of the population, but the second language of many others. The English of native Afrikaners has influenced the “standard” English of white South Africans, examples being such informal usages as the affirmative (肯定的) no, as in “—How are you？—No, I'm fine.” and the allpurpose response “is it，” as in “She had a baby last week, is it？”‎ ‎ ‎ Indian English Together with Hindi, English is used across India, but it can also be a speaker's first, second, or third language. The grammar of Indian English has many distinguishing features, of which perhaps the best known are the use of the present continuous tense, as in “He is having very much of property.” and the use of “isn't it” as an ordinary question tag, as in “We are meeting tomorrow, isn't it？”The first example shows another characteristic of the language, which is using in or of in idiomatic (惯用的) phrases. Verbs are also used differently, with speakers often dropping a preposition or object altogether, as in “I insisted immediate payment.”while double possessives (所有格), as in “our these prices”(instead of the British English “these prices of ours”), are common.,‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎1．What does the underlined word “distinguishing” mean in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Different.　　　　　　　　 B．Same.‎ C．Short. D．Missing.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。第三段所举的例子讲述了印度英语一些不同的用法，因此是指“不同的”。‎ ‎2．According to the passage, which group of words is all in American form?‎ A．Billboard, gas, blinds, braces.‎ B．Hoarding, petrol, porridge, tap.‎ C．Truck, wrench, shades, suspenders.‎ D．Lorry, spanner, oatmeal, faucet.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知美国英语中常用到billboard, gas, truck, wrench及shades，suspenders, oatmeal, faucet。‎ ‎3．What can we learn from the Paragraph 2?‎ A．Dutch is one of the official languages in South Africa.‎ B．Zulu is one of the official languages in South Africa.‎ C．Less than 10% of the South African people speak English as their second language.‎ D．More than 10% of the South African people speak English as their mother tongue.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知Zulu是南非官方语言的一种。其他选项与文意不符。‎ ‎4．How many distinguishing features of Indian English grammar are mentioned in the passage?‎ A．2. B．3.‎ C．4. D．5.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。第三段提到了印度英语语法的五种与众不同的用法，分别是现在进行时用法，isn't it普遍用于附加疑问句，习惯搭配中插入in或of等，动词后省去介词(及宾语)和双重所有格用法。‎ ‎5．According to the passage, if you are an Indian, you are most likely to ________.‎ A．use blinds “instead of shades”‎ B．say “The students had an exam last week, is it？”‎ C．use those suspenders of theirs instead of their those suspenders D．say “The students are going to have an exam next week, isn't it？”‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据各段所举的例子可知：A属于加拿大英语，B属于南非英语，C属于英国英语，D属于印度英语。‎ Ⅱ.阅读表达(欣赏画线句子并仿写)‎ ‎1．他认同我处理事情的方式而不是她的。‎ He_agreed_with_the_way_that_I_deal_with_things_rather_than_hers.‎ ‎2．学英语有很多方法，其中听以英语为母语的人发音是个不错的办法。‎ There_are_many_approaches_to_learning_English,_of_which_listening_to_native_English_speakers_is_a_good_idea.‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解系列技法 细节理解题之直接细节理解题解题技法 此类试题直接指向原文特定词汇、短语和句型，要求对其进行准确理解。抓住文章中的细节是做好此类试题的关键。换句话说，此类试题大部分都可以在文章中找到与答案相关的信息或转换了说法的句子。‎ 因此，解题时，应认真阅读并仔细分析题干内容，确定好考查细节的角度，然后回到原文有针对性地查找答题所需信息。找到解题依据(即含有答案的信息句)后，应将其用下划线标出，以便与题干内容进行对照阅读并检查核对。这样可以有效防止读题时的认识错误或查找答题信息时的定位错误。‎ 例如“阅读理解”的第3题，由第二段第一句“Since 1994 South Africa has had eleven official_languages:_English, Afrikaans(having developed from Dutch), Zulu,_Xhosa, and other largely regional African languages.”可知Zulu是南非官方语言的一种。‎ 单元核心考点串记主干知识•一文串起•巧妙设计•高效记忆 ‎ (对应学生用书P44) At present, a very large number of Chinese people come up to Ghana because of the attraction of gold. With the dream of becoming rich, they usually make a hard voyage to arrive there because it is not official. However, there is no such thing as free lunch in the world. Although they try to make full use of every minute to dig for gold, actually few of them succeed. On the contrary, they are often faced with frequent robbery from the natives there. Some people lost their lives even if they shouldn't. Gradually, more than one of them recognized that gold could not play the most important part in their life. So some of them have been back home at the request of their family.‎ 目前，有很多中国人因为淘金来到加纳。带着发财的梦想，他们通常会历经艰难的航程才到达那里，因为这并非是官方允许的。然而，天下没有免费的午餐。尽管他们充分利用每一分钟去淘金，而事实上却很少有人成功。相反， 他们经常面临当地人的频繁抢劫。有些人失去了生命，尽管他们不该被杀死。逐渐地，很多人意识到金子不该是他们生活中最重要的，所以他们中有些人已经在家人的请求下回家了。‎