专题10定语从句-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

专题10定语从句-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【2019年高考命题预测】‎ 高考研究定语从句是英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。‎ ‎ 预测今后高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。‎ ‎【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 （1） 考纲要求 ‎ 定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。‎ （2） 命题规律 一、主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。‎ 二、高考对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点1：关系代词一览表 关系词 先行词 从句 成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?‎ whom,‎ ‎ which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith i s the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..‎ whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.‎ The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. ‎ that 人，物 主语 宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.‎ She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.‎ which 物 主语 宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.‎ The picture which was about the accident was terrible.‎ as 人，物 主语 宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.‎ This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. ‎ as做宾语一般不省略 关系副词 when 时间 时间 状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.‎ 可用on which where 地点 地点 状语 This is the house where I was born.‎ 可用in which why 原因 原因 状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.‎ 可用for which 考点2：that与which，who，whom的用法区别 that和which的用法区别:‎ 在定语从句中，关系代词which和 that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。如：‎ This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。‎ ‎(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如：‎ Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。‎ ‎(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：‎ This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。 ‎ ‎ (3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which。如：‎ I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。‎ who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解:‎ 在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：‎ 一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形 ‎(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如：‎ My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。‎ ‎(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who (whom)。如：‎ Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？‎ ‎(3) 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who (whom)。如：‎ Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。‎ ‎(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who (whom)。如：‎ Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。‎ ‎(5) 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：‎ The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。‎ 二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形 ‎(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：‎ The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。‎ ‎(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：‎ He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生 ‎(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。如：‎ Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁？‎ ‎(4) the same as与the same that the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：‎ She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣) ‎ She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)‎ 考点3 关系副词引导的定语从句 ‎1、关系副词一览表 关系副词 when 时间 时间 状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.‎ 可用on which where 地点 地点 状语 This is the house where I was born.‎ 可用in which why 原因 原因 状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.‎ 可用for which ‎②He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane．他发现他陷入了危险的境地，他有可能会失去对飞机的控制。‎ ‎1．概述 ‎“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which，whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构：‎ ‎(1)介词+关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom 1 went for advice．=Mandela was the black lawyer whom 1 went to for advice．曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。‎ ‎(2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词 ‎①Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels．=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，of which three were English novels．上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中三本是英文小说。‎ ‎②He wrote a book，the name of which I’ve completely forgotten．他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。‎ ‎③The old man has two daughters．both of whom are doctors．那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。‎ ‎(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词 China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan．中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。‎ ‎(4)介词+关系代词+名词 I called him by the wrong name．for which mistake I apologized．我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)‎ ‎2．关系代词的选择 用于”介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which，即介词+which/whom。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【三年高考】 16、17、18高考试题及其解析 ‎2018年高考题 ‎1.【2018·北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.‎ A. which B. who C. as D. that ‎【答案】A 点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎2.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.‎ A. whom B. that C. whose D. her ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。‎ 点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。‎ ‎3.【2018·江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.‎ A. that B. where C. which D. when ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。‎ 点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1. 【2018·全国I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.‎ ‎66. that which考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。‎ ‎2. 【2018·全国II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the ‎ government started a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ ‎69. that/which考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。‎ ‎3. 【2018·浙江卷】Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.‎ ‎57. who/that考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎【2018·全国I】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.‎ They also had a small pond they raised fish.‎ ‎2017年高考题 ‎【2017·北京卷】31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.‎ A. that B. as C. where D. when ‎ ‎【答案】A 试题分析：A. that 那个 B. as 因为 C. where 哪里 D. when什么时候。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。‎ 考点：考查定语从句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）。‎ ‎1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。‎ eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.‎ ‎ The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.‎ ‎2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。‎ ‎ 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。‎ e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.‎ I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.‎ ‎ The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me.‎ ‎3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。‎ ‎4. 作介词宾语的关系代词 ‎ 在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。‎ e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.‎ ‎ Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.‎ The room in which my family live used to be a garage.‎ ‎【2017·江苏】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，‎ whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，‎ 其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。‎ 考点：考查定语从句 ‎【2017·天津】9. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.‎ A. that B. whose C. his D. who ‎【答案】B 考点：考查定语从句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语;whose做定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for the health.‎ ‎70. which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]‎ But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎64. who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语，故填who。‎ ‎65. to prove　考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。‎ ‎[2017·浙江卷6月考]‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.‎ ‎63. swept 　考查过去分词。此处是get done结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。‎ ‎64. where　考查定语从句。此处先行词是the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.‎ ‎3. interesting改为interested　考查形容词用法。张家夫妇对种菜感兴趣。‎ ‎4. that改为which　考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语从句，故用which。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]‎ Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:‎ ‎6. picture前加this/the　考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词this/the修饰。‎ ‎7. they→that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things…”是一个单句，而后面的“…they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看，这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把they改为that/which。‎ ‎2016年高考题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.‎ A. whose B. why C. where D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。‎ 考点：考查定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）。‎ ‎1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。‎ eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.‎ ‎ The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.‎ ‎2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。‎ ‎ 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。‎ eg. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.‎ I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.‎ ‎ The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me.‎ ‎3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。‎ ‎4. 作介词宾语的关系代词 ‎ 在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。‎ eg. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.‎ ‎ Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.‎ ‎ The room in which my family live used to be a garage.‎ ‎8.【2016·江苏】23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.‎ A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those ‎【答案】C ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎“of whom / which”引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which / whom或者of which / whom…都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。‎ 一、表示整体中的部分 The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。‎ I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。‎ I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。‎ There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。‎ The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。‎ 二、表示所属关系 He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我忘了。‎ 句中的the name of which=whose name。‎ It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。‎ 句中的the details of which=whose details。‎ 考点：考查定语从句 ‎12.【2016·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.‎ ‎ A. that B. where C. which D. when ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。‎ 考点：考查定语从句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。‎ ‎16.【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.‎ A. whom B. which C. what D. that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。‎ 考点：考查定语从句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是代词+of+关系代词，注意先行词是人用whom，先行词是物用which。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. ‎ ‎64. to 考查介词。固定短语：go back to “回到”。‎ ‎65. when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。‎ ‎66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest ‎.8.what---that/which(或去掉what) 此处考查引导定语从句的关系代词。句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。The dishes 做先行词，指物，定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语，故把what---that/which(或去掉what)。‎ ‎9.favoritest---favorite “favorite”本身就是“最喜欢”，故把favoritest---favorite。‎ ‎2015年高考题 ‎1.【2015·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..‎ ‎ A. as B. where C. that D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句关系代词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题旨在考查定语从句中的关系词，要求学生掌握在什么情况下用关系副词，什么情况下用关系代词以及各自的意义。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.‎ A. which B.that C.when D.where ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非限制性定语从句的掌握情况，做题之前先看到句子中间有没有逗号，逗号是非限制性定语从句的标志。然后再看句子中缺不缺成份，在定语从句中从句主语宾语都不缺少时，应该考虑关系副词，所以学生需要记住这种方法。‎ ‎3.【2015·重庆】14. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.‎ A. whom B. which C. them D. that ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句。 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】定语从句有一种介词+关系代词，用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词，不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或介词+关系代词，而及物动词后接宾语，则要求关系代词。Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?此类定语从句，首先从先行词入手，确实主语是人还是物，再根据定语从句缺少的成分来辨别到底用哪个引导词。‎ ‎4.【2015·浙江】19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.‎ A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句介词加which的用法。‎ ‎【名师点睛】解答此题需要能够看出这是一个定语从句的结构名词+连词+句子，也需要分析从句的句子成分。关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现"介词+关系代词"。先行词指物，用"介词+which"，指人则用"介词+whom"， 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则： 1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。‎ ‎5.【2015·天津】15 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.‎ A. where B. which C. when D. who ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。‎ ‎6.【2015·四川】3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.‎ A．which B. what C. whose D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句中关系词的选择。本句主要考查了关系代词whose的用法，whose在定语从句中担当定语，和其后的名词之间存在所有关系，还是比较容易判断的。此题中如果在covers之前加上定冠词the，则需要用of+which结构。即此题等同于：The books on the desk, of which the covers are shiny, are prizes for us.‎ ‎7.【2015·陕西】15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.‎ A. which B. where C. whom D. when ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做状语。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。‎ ‎8.【2015·福建】34.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. ‎ A. who B. whom C. that D. Which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先That不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。故选D ‎【考点定位】考查非限制性定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。Which在非限制性定语从句中通常是代指前面整个句子或者一个较长的词语，并且在从句中做主语。‎ ‎9.【2015·江苏】21.The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ A. it B. which C. what D. as ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。‎ ‎【考点定位】定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。‎ ‎10.【2015·安徽】28.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.‎ A. it B. that C. whose D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，有逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句。定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。在定语从句中，介词后只能跟whom或which，指人用whom；指物用which。这里的先行词是skill，指物。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2017、2018名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2018年模拟题 单项填空 ‎1.【2018·海淀二模】7. The stadium ________ stands a theatre will be reconstructed.‎ A. beside which B. for which C. when D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个体育馆将被重建，它的旁边矗立着一个剧院。“____ stands a theatre”是定语从句，修饰the stadium，剧院在体育馆的旁边，结合选项，该从句应用介词beside+关系代词引导；the stadium在从句中做介词beside的宾语，应用关系代词which，综上，A选项正确。‎ ‎2.【2018·滨海7校联考】9. Creating an atmosphere ______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.‎ A. where B. whose C. that D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：创造一种氛围，让员工觉得自己是团队的一员，这是一个巨大的挑战。这是一个定语从句，先行词为atmosphere，通过分析从句_______employees feel part of a team 的句子成分，得知主语（employees），宾语（part of a team）齐全，而atmosphere跟employees不是所属关系，故排除选项B．句子有主语和宾语所以此处应该是一个作状语的词，再根据 in the atmosphere“在氛围中，可知应该是地点状语，故选A。‎ ‎3.【2018·江苏97校联考】9. It is broadcast on TV that the 88th Academy Award Ceremony was held in Dolby Theatre 　　　　seats an audience of approximately 4000.‎ A. where B. whose C. which D. when ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查定语从句。A. where在那里；B. whose谁的；C. which那一个；D. when在那时。句意：在Dolby剧院举行的第88届奥斯卡颁奖典礼在电视上播出，这个剧院能容纳约4000观众。That从句是句中的真正主语，里面包含定语从句，先行词是Dolby Theatre指物，后面是定语从句，先行词在定语从句中做主语用关系代词引导，故选C.‎ ‎4．【2018年天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考英语（一）】‎ There is no easy way to remember prepositions, as it is one area of English____ the rules seem very irregular.‎ A. that B. where C. whose D. which ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句中先行词为area of English，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。句意：记住介词是不容易的，因为它是英语中规则似乎非常不规律的一个领域。故选B。‎ ‎ 5．【天津市部分区2018届高三质量调查(一)】We are to hold the sports meeting next weekend, ________ the air quality becomes better.‎ A. which B. when C. where D. while ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将在下周末举行运动会，届时空气质量会更好。此处next weekend做先行词，在后面的定语从句中做时间状语，故答案为B。‎ ‎6. 【天津市河东区2018届高三第一次模拟】________ who are able to work through the struggle are the ________ who are going to be successful.‎ A. Someone; one B. Anyone; one C. He; ones D. Those; ones ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句和代词。句意：那些努力工作的人是那些能够成功的人。第一空根据后面定语从句中的系动词are判断先行词是复数，故只能用those；第二空同样根据后面定语从句中的系动词are判断先行词是复数，故选D。‎ ‎7．【天津市河东区2018届高三第一次模拟】The president stood by a window inside the room, ________ I entered, looking over the square.‎ A. where B. into which C. which D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：总统站在我进入的房间里的一扇窗户旁，看着广场。句中包含定语从句，先行词是the room指物，在定语从句中作宾语，此处是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which引导。故选C。‎ ‎8. 【江苏省扬州市2018届高三上学期期期中联考】Sky Hunter successfully captures the bravery of PLA soldiers, does Wolf WarineⅡ,but met with box office failure.‎ A. so B. which C. what D. as ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：空天猎成功的赢得了解放军的喜爱，正如战狼II也是。但是空天猎票房惨败。先行词为“Sky Hunter successfully captures the bravery of PLA soldiers”，关系词as“正如”在非限制性定语从句中做宾语。根据题意，故选D。‎ ‎9. 【江苏省扬州市2018届高三上学期期期中联考】In order to stand out among all the trainees, you need to sharpen your skills you feel strong and confident.‎ A. that B. where C. when D. what ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了在所有的学员中脱颖而出，你需要提高你的技能，使你感到坚强和自信。Where在从句中充当状语。指的是在哪一方面。根据题意，故选B。‎ ‎10. 【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届高三教学情况调研（一）】Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.‎ A. why B. which C. who D. where ‎【答案】B 点睛：定语从句的考查要从句子成分的分析开始，如果句子很完整就使用关系副词；如果句子中缺少主语，宾语，表语或者定语的时候，使用关系代词。这道题要注意some worry是插入语，应该先去掉不看，结构就清晰了。‎ ‎11. 【江苏省泰州中学2018届高三3月月度检测（二模模拟）】Nowadays, more and more young ladies, figures most are fine enough, are going on a diet.‎ A. who B. whose C. of whose D. of whom ‎3．C考查定语从句。句中先行词ladies在非限定性定语从句中作figures的定语，故用whose。再根据most表示“大部分”，后接介词of表示范围，相当于most of young ladies’ figures。如今，越来越多的年轻女士都在节食，其中大多数身材都不错。故选C。‎ ‎12. 【江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模】The Tang Dynasty is generally regarded as a golden chapter by people worldwide, ________ the Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries.‎ A. where B. when C. which D. who ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：唐朝被世界范围的人们认为是一个黄金时期，在这个时期，中国文明影响了很多临近的国家。“________ the Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries”是非限制性定语从句，修饰the Tang Dynasty，引导词在从句中做时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导该从句。B选项正确。‎ ‎13. 【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】Wu Lei is the only Chinese player has made it onto the latest World Soccer 500 list.‎ A. who B. which C. whose D. whom ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：吴磊是唯一一位登上世界足球500强榜单的中国选手。句中player是先行词，指人，后面的定语从句缺少主语，缺少引导词，故答案为A。‎ ‎14. 【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】We climbed up to the top of a hill, we got a good view of the whole forest park.‎ A. which B. where C. when D. that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们爬上了山顶，在那里我们可以看到整个森林公园的美景。此处the top of a hill是先行词，指地点，后面的非限制性定语从句不缺主谓宾语，缺一个地点状语，故选B。‎ ‎15. 【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】We really appreciate our learning environment, ______ we can have direct communication.‎ A. whom B. which C. where D. when ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们非常感激我们的学习环境，在那里我们可以直接交流。learning environment是先行词指物，排除A和D；先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，排除B，故选C.‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为learning environment，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。‎ ‎16. 【北京市西城区2018届高三一模】The old bank, _____ appearance is not a pretty sight, is extremely beautiful on the inside.‎ A. whose B. where C. when D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：老银行的外表不是很漂亮，它的里面是非常漂亮的。此处The old bank是句子主语，空格前面是逗号，所以这里不是并列句，也不是状语从句，它应该是一个定语从句，The old bank是先行词，在后面的定语从句中做定语，故答案为A。‎ ‎17. 【北京市西城区2018届高三一模】It rained this morning, _____ actually didn’t bother me because I like walking in the rain.‎ A. what B. when C. where D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：今天早上下雨了，这实际上没有打扰我，因为我喜欢在雨中散步。此处是整个句子作先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句作主语，故用which作关系词，故答案为D。‎ ‎18. 【北京市石景山区2018届高三上学期期末】 Gun control is a subject _____ Americans have argued about for a long time.‎ A. which B. when C. what D. where ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：枪支的控制是美国人争论了好长时间的话题。这里使用了定语从句，先行词是subject，关系代词前用什么介词要取决于本句中的“argue”。argue about sth.选A。‎ ‎19.【北京市顺义区牛栏山一中2018届高三第一学期9月月考】 Can you lend me the novel ________ the other day?‎ A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题中的动词短语talk about sth谈论sth；talk with sb与sb交谈。本题的先行词是the novel，定语从句中的动词短语talk about后面缺宾语，使用关系代词。本题在you前面省略了that/which，因为作为talk about的宾语，可以省略。句意：你能把前几天谈论的书借给我吗？故D正确。‎ 考点：考查定语从句 点评：定语从句的关键是分析句子成分，如果定语从句的句子成分很完整就使用关系副词；如果句子缺少主语，宾语，表语或者定语的时候就使用关系代词。同时也要注意一些关系词的特殊用法，如whose，that，which等。Whose是关系词中唯一的一个可以放在名词前面做定语的关系代词。要特别注意which引导非限制性短语从句的用法。‎ ‎20. 【北京市顺义区牛栏山一中2018届高三第一学期9月月考】A room ________ we do experiments is a lab.‎ A. where B. that C. which D. in that ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考察定语从句。句意：我们做实验的房间是实验室。本句中的先行词是a room 在定语从句中作地点状语。 把aa room放在从句中：we do experiments in the room.。a room是先行词，所以这里的答案可以填in which或者是where，分析选项可知A项符合题意。‎ ‎21. 【北京市中央民族大学附属中学2018届高三10月月考】All living flowers ultimately derive from a single ancestor lived about 140 million years ago, a study suggests.‎ A. why B. what C. where D. that ‎【答案】D ‎22. 【北京市中央民族大学附属中学2018届高三10月月考】There are various ways society deems it acceptable for women to enhance their looks but not men.‎ A. in which B. where C. when D. in that ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个社会可以接受女人提升形象的各种方法，但是男人却不行。Ways做先行词，与介词in搭配，表示“以…方式”在定语从句中做介词后的宾语。A. in which 做介词宾语； B. where 地点状语； C. when 时间状语； D. in that 短语“因为”。但是定语从句中介词后不能用that。故选A。‎ ‎23. 【北京市第四中学2018届上学期高三期中】 The man showed us so heavy a stone _____ no man can lift.‎ A. as B. that C. which D. and ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查as引导的定语从句。句意：那个人给我们看了一块没人能举起的石头。当先行词前有the same.such.so.as等修饰时，定语从句应用关系代词as来引导。故选A。‎ ‎24.【北京市丰台区2018届高三上学期期末】 I believe the time is coming soon there will be no weapons in the world.‎ A. which B. that C. where D. when ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我认为世界没有武器的日子很快来临。“ there will be no weapons in the world”是定语从句，先行词是the time，从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故选D。‎ ‎25. 【北京市丰台区2018届高三上学期期末】Yuan Longping has won many awards, shows his extraordinary achievements.‎ A. what B. that C. who D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：袁隆平赢得许多奖，这表明了他的非凡成就。which指代整个主句，从句中作主语，引导非限制定语用which。故选D。‎ 语法填空 ‎1. 【浙江省杭州外国语学校2018届高三高考综合能力检测】阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。‎ A good teacher is many things to many people. In my own experience, the people I respect most are the teachers ___16___ demanded the most discipline from their students.‎ I miss one teacher in particular that I had in high school. I think she was a good teacher because she was a very strict person.1 remember very ___17___ (clear) a sign over her classroom door. It was ___18___ simple sign that said, “Laboratory-in this room the first five letters of the word was emphasized, not the last seven.” In other words, I guess, labor ___19___ her was more important than oratory which means ___20___ (make) speeches.‎ She prepared her work very carefully and demanded us to do the same. We got lots of homework from her.___21___ she had broken her arm, and everybody in the class thought that maybe the homework ___22___ (reduce), but it continued just the same. She checked our work stamping her name at the bottom of the papers to show that she had read ___23___.‎ I think sometimes teachers who demand most are liked ___24___. But ___25___ time goes by this discipline really seems to benefit the students.‎ ‎【答案】16. that/ who ‎ ‎17. clearly ‎ ‎18. a 19. for ‎ ‎20. making 21. Once ‎ ‎22. would be reduced ‎ ‎23. them 24. least ‎ ‎25. as ‎【解析】 试题分析：这是一篇记叙文。在不同的人看来好教师的概念也是不同的，从作者自身的经历来说，他认为严格的老师才是真正的好老师，因为他或者她对学生的影响是终身的。在本文中作者通过回忆自己的一位老师来讲述了他眼中优秀老师的形象。‎ ‎16. 考查定语从句。“__1___ demanded the most discipline from their students.”是定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是the teachers，指人，引导定语从句用关系代词that/ who。故填that/ who。‎ ‎17. 考查副词。空格处作状语修饰谓语动词remember，表示“清楚地记得”，做状语用副词形式。故填clearly。‎ ‎18. 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个简单的指示牌”，故填a。‎ ‎19. 考查介词。根据上文“Laboratory-in this room the first five letters of the word was emphasized, not the last seven.”和“In other words”可推断，我认为，劳动对于她来说比演讲更重要。for“对”符合语境。故填for。‎ ‎20. 考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth.“意味着”，根据句意：意味着演讲的oratory。故填making。‎ ‎21. 考查副词。根据语境可知，此处讲述曾经发生的事情。句意：曾经，她摔断了胳膊，班里的每个人都认为或许家庭作业将会减少。once“曾经”符合语境，置句首单词首字母大写。故填Once。‎ ‎22. 考查动词的时态和语态。“家庭作业减少”是发生在“认为”之后的动作，“班里的每个人认为”是过去的动作，因此推断“减少”是发生在过去将来的动作，用过去将来时，且主语the homework与reduce之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故填would be reduced。‎ ‎23. 考查代词。此处指代上文提到的the papers，用人称代词的复数them。故填them。‎ ‎24. 考查最高级。由下文“But ___10___ time goes by this discipline really seems to benefit the students.”可推断句意：我认为要求最严格的的老师是最不被喜欢的。由most推断此处用最高级，结合句意，故填least。‎ ‎25. 考查状语从句。句意：但是随着时间的推移，这些纪律是真正对学生有益的。as“随着”引导时间状语从句。故填as。‎ ‎2. 【浙江省金丽衢十二校2018届高三第二次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Mr. James owns a company. He put an advertisement___36___a newspaper for a boy to work in his office. Out of nearly fifty people___37___came to apply, the man selected one and dismissed___38___others.‎ ‎“I would like to know,” said a friend, “the reason you preferred that boy, who brought neither a single letter,___39___a single recommendation.”‎ ‎“You are wrong,” said the gentlemen. “He had many. He wiped his feet at the door and closed the door behind him,___40___(mean) that he was careful. He gave his seat immediately to an old man, showing that he was kind and___41___(thought). He took off his cap when he came in and answered my questions quickly, showing that he was a polite gentleman. Everyone else steeped over the book that I___42___(put) on the floor purposely. He picked___43___up and placed it on the table, and he waited quietly for his turn instead of pushing and crowding. When I talked to him, I noticed his tidy clothing, his___44___(neat) brushed hair, and his clean finger mails. Can’t you see that these are excellent recommendations? I considered them to be more significant than___45___(letter).”‎ Hearing the words, the friend nodded in agreement.‎ ‎【答案】36. in 37. who/that ‎ ‎38. the 39. nor ‎ ‎40. meaning ‎ ‎41. thoughtful ‎ ‎42. had put ‎ ‎43. it 44. neatly ‎ ‎45. letters ‎38. 考查固定短语。这个人选择了这个男孩儿，解散了其他人。the others其余的（表示在一个范围内的其他全部），是固定短语，所以填the。‎ ‎39. 考查固定用法。你偏爱的这个男孩儿，他既没有单独的一封信，也没有什么推荐信。neither…nor既不……也不……，是固定用法，所以填nor。‎ ‎40. 考查非谓语动词。mean与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填meaning。‎ ‎41. 考查形容词。and连接并列结构，作be动词后面的表语，用形容词，所以填thoughtful。‎ ‎42. 考查时态。表示发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，所以填had put。‎ ‎43. 考查代词。指代前面“故意放在地上的那本书”，所以填it。‎ ‎44. 考查副词。修饰动词brushed，用副词，所以填neatly。‎ ‎45. 考查名词单复数。我认为它们比那些信更有意义。表示“那些信”，所以填letters。‎ 名师点睛：小题2考查定语从句。定语从句的考查，是英语考试中的重点和难点。现对who, whom, whose引导的定语从句总结如下 1．定语从句中缺主语，修饰人时用who ／that，修饰物时用which ／that引导。如： Is this the factory which ／that makes TV sets？ 2．从句中缺宾语，修饰人时用 who ／whom ／that或省略引导词；修饰物时用which ／that或省略引导词。如：He is the man who ／whom ／that I think to be worthy of our praise．3．从句中缺定语，人和物都用 whose引导。如：Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black．‎ ‎3. 【东北三省三校2018年高三第一次联合模拟】‎ The Great Wall of China is a series of walls made of stone,brick, and other materials,built along the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires.Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC;these, later joined together and___41___(make) bigger and stronger, are collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built in 220-206 BC. Little of that wall___42___(remain).The Great Wall has been rebuilt over various dynasties,the majority of___43___is from the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).‎ Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls,the___44___(encourage) of trade and___45___control of immigration.The Great Wall stretches___46___Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west,along the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. An archaeological (考古) survey,___47___(use) advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km. Another survey has found that the entire wall with all of its___48___(branch) measures 21,196 km. Today, the Great Wall is___49___(general) recognized as ‎ one of the most___50___(impress) architectural wonders in history.‎ ‎【答案】41. made ‎ ‎42. remains ‎ ‎43. which 44. encouragement ‎ ‎45. the 46. from ‎ ‎47. using 48. branches ‎ ‎49. generally ‎ ‎50. impressive ‎【解析】本文介绍中国的万里长城。‎ ‎41. 此处是过去分词做后置定语，与joined并列，故答案为made。‎ ‎42. 句意：那堵墙现在几乎没有了。句子用一般现在时态，故答案为remains。‎ ‎43. 句意：长城在各个朝代都重建了，大部分都是明朝时期的。此处是非限制性定语从句，介词of后面用which，指物。‎ ‎44. 句意：除了防御，长城的其他目的包括边境控制、贸易的鼓励和对移民的控制。根据句意可知此处用名词形式，故答案为encouragement。‎ ‎45. 句意：除了防御，长城的其他目的包括边境控制、贸易的鼓励和对移民的控制。此处表示特指，故答案为the。‎ ‎46. 固定结构：from---to---，从---到---，故答案为from.‎ ‎47. 此处是现在分词做伴随状态，表主动关系，故答案为using。‎ ‎48. 句意：另一项调查发现，整堵墙包括所有分支是212196公里。根据all可知用名词复数形式，故答案为branches。‎ ‎49. 副词修饰动词，故答案为generally。‎ ‎50. 句意：这是历史上最令人印象深刻的建筑奇迹之一。形容词修饰名词，故答案为impressive。‎ ‎4. 【吉林省百校联盟2018届高三TOP20十一月联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ As a country that pays great attention to good manners, the food culture is deeply rooted in China’s history. As a visitor or guest in ___40___ a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!‎ It is really an ___41___ (admire) custom to respect others at table, the aged, teachers ‎ and guests ___42___(include) while taking good care of children. Meanwhile, ___43___ practice of presenting the best or fine food first to the senior members of the family has been observed for countless ___44___ (generation), In ancient times the common people ___45___ (lead) a needy life but they still tried their best b=to support the elder mother or father who took it for granted.‎ Although the hosts in China are all friendly and hospitable, you should also show them respect. Before ___46___(start) to eat dinner, the host may offer some words of greeting. Guests should not start to eat until the host says, “Everybody, please enjoy ___47___ (you)” or something like that, otherwise it suggests disrespect and causes displeasure.‎ When hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the supporting dishes evenly placed around them. When the main dishes ___48___ (prepare) in a decorative form either by cut or other means they will be placed facing major guests and elder people at the table, ___49___ also represents virtue.‎ ‎【答案】40. either 41. admirable 42. included 43. the 44. generation 45. led 46. starting 47. yourself 48. are prepared 49. which ‎【解析】本文介绍了餐桌礼仪在我们日常生活中的表现。‎ ‎41. admirable令人敬佩的风俗admirable custom，故填admirable。‎ ‎42. included在餐桌上尊重老人，老师和客人包括照顾孩子，故填included。‎ ‎43. the实践展示the practice of presenting，名词前用冠词，故填the。 ‎ ‎44. generations以及观察了无数代，generations。‎ ‎45. led由时间状语in ancient time可知应该用过去时态，故填led。‎ ‎46. starting在吃完饭之前，before时间状语从句中主语与主句主语the host一样，可以省略，用动词ing形式表示主动，故填starting。‎ ‎47. yourself尽情享受，enjoy yourself，故填yourself。‎ ‎48. are prepared主要的菜肴被准备，用被动语态，故填are prepared。‎ ‎49. which，which引导非限制性定语从句代指主句，故填which。‎ ‎5. 【黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市五校联谊2018届高三上学期期末联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ You will meet many people in school, in college and at work. They’ll try to have nicer cars, bigger houses, nicer clothes. To them, life is a_____41_____ (compete)—they have to do_______42_______(good)than their peer(同龄人)to be happy.‎ Here’s a secret: life isn’t a match. It’s a journey. If you spend it always _____43_____(try) to impress others, you’re wasting your life. Instead, learn to enjoy the journey. Make it a journey of happiness of continual improvement, and filled____44____love.‎ Don’t worry about having a nicer car or house or anything material, or even _____45_____ better-paying job. None of them matters, and none of them will make you happier. You’ll acquire these______46______(thing) and then only want more. Instead, learn to be ____47____(satisfy) with having enough and then use the time ____48____would have been wasted to try to earn money to buy those things.‎ Find your passion, and go after it______49______(constant). Don’t work for only paying the bills. Life is too short ___50___(waste) on a job you hate.‎ ‎【答案】41. competition ‎ ‎42. better 43. trying ‎ ‎44. with 45. a ‎ ‎46. things 47. satisfied ‎ ‎48. which/that ‎ ‎49. constantly ‎ ‎50. to waste ‎【解析】生命不是一场比赛而是一次旅程，享受这段旅程才是最重要的。‎ ‎ 本文考查学生对基础词汇语法的掌握以及对文章的理解。‎ ‎41. 考查名词。句意：对于他们而言，生命是一场比赛。故这里用名词形式的competition。‎ ‎42. 考查比较级。句意：他们不得不比同辈做得更好来让自己感到快乐。根据than可知这里用比较级，故用better。‎ ‎43. 考查固定搭配。句意：如果你在这段旅途中一直都试图给他人留下深刻印象，那你就是在浪费生命。本题考查spend 时间 （in）doing花时间做某事。故这里用trying。‎ ‎44. 考查固定搭配。句意：让生活成为快乐，不断提高以及充满爱的旅程，fill with使充满，使满怀。故这里用with。‎ ‎45. 考查冠词。句意：不要担心拥有更漂亮的车，更好的房子或者任何物质的东西，甚至一份更薪水更高的工作。这里的job是可数名词泛指，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎46. 考查名词。句意：你获得这些之后只会想要更多。根据these可知用名词复数，故用things。‎ ‎47. 考查形容词。句意：相反的，学会知足常乐。be satisfied with对…感到满意。故这里用satisfied。‎ ‎48. 考查定语从句。这里的意思是使用可能浪费的时间来努力挣钱买那些东西。根据句意可知这里构造了定语从句，用关系代词指代先行词time并在定语从句中作主语。故用which/that。‎ ‎49. 考查副词。句意：找到你的激情，不断地追逐。这里用副词修饰动词短语go after，故用constantly。‎ ‎50. 考查固定结构。句意：生命太短暂了不能浪费在你讨厌的工作上。本题考查固定结构too…to太…而不能。故用to waste。‎ 短文改错 ‎1. 【吉林省长春市2018届高三一模】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Dear Bill,‎ How time flies!I went back to school and begin my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination,that makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because of I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself the second chance to pass them.I will ask my teachers and friends for advices on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides,I'll make fully use of time. Do you have any good ideas? Tell me or I will be grateful to you.‎ I'm looking forward to hear from you.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】这篇短文是李华向Bill写信介绍自己的学习状况，并向Bill询问好的学习建议。‎ ‎1.根据句中时间状语last month可知句子时态应该是一般过去时，begin过去式为began。故把begin改为began.‎ ‎2.that makes me worried在句中是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句不用that做关系代词，应该用which.故把that改为which.‎ ‎3.“未做成某事，失败”应该是fail to do sth.，故在fail后面加上to.‎ ‎4.because后面跟原因状语从句，because of后面跟名词或doing，文中后面跟的是从句，故把of去掉。‎ ‎9.句意：告诉我，我会不胜感激。祈使句+and+句子，and表示承接关系，译为“那么”；祈使句+or+句子，or表示“否则”。故把or改为and.‎ ‎10.look forward to短语中to是介词，后面跟名词或doing.故把hear改为hearing.‎ ‎2. 【黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市五校联谊2018届高三上学期期末联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词;‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ High school is regarded as best time of my life. Beside classes and homework, there’s something more that I especial treasure. To leave school without regrets, I’ll make the best of my limiting time to go over the lessons I’ve learned from. At the same time, I’d like to show my thanks to all the teacher who have given me so many help in the past three years. For the purpose of improving me, I’ll ask my classmates for some advice, that may be of great value to me. Last but not least, doing some good deeds for my classmates are also my plan. With these things being done, I will have no regrets in my high school life.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】1.考查最高级。句意：高中被认为是我生命中最美好的时光。最高级前面加the。故在as和best中间加the。‎ ‎2．考查单词的辨析。句意：除了课堂和作业，还有一些我特别珍视的。beside在…旁边，besides除此之外。根据句意可知beside—besides。‎ ‎3.考查副词。句意：除了课堂和作业，还有一些我特别珍视的。用副词修饰动词treasure。故especial--- especially。‎ ‎4.考查形容词。句意：为了不留遗憾地离开学校，我会充分利用有限的时间来复习我已经学过的功课。limited 有限的。故limiting ---limited。‎ ‎5.考查动词。learn学习，学会；learn from向…学习，从…获得。根据句意可知，复习的是我学过的功课。故删去learn后的from。‎ ‎6.考查名词的数。句意：同时，我想感谢在过去三年里给我这么多帮助的所有老师们。根据句意可知teacher用复数形式。故teacher--- teachers。‎ ‎7.考查many与much的辨别。句意：同时，我想感谢在过去三年里给我这么多帮助的所有老师们。help是不可数名词，用much修饰。故many---much。‎ ‎8.考察反身代词。句意：为了提高自己，我会向我的同学们寻求一些建议。根据句意可知me---myself。‎ ‎9.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我会向我的同学们寻求一些建议，这可能对我来说非常有价值。根据结构可知这里构造了非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which指代上面的句子，在定语从句中作主语。故that---which。‎ ‎10.考查主谓一致。句意：最后但同样重要的，为我的同学们做点好事也是我的计划。这里动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故are---is。‎ ‎3. 【黑龙江省大庆铁人中学2018届高三期中考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处； 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ The American TV show The Voice is one of my most favorite amusement shows. In one hand, I ‎ can listen to different styles of music. On the other hand, I can see the singers’ stories, who are so inspiring. I was deeply impressed by a musical boy who was from the countryside. If he was very young, he loved to sing while doing the farm work. After work, he learned to play guitar. He liked living on the farm, for the life was simple. The boy brought his guitar to the stage, worn a fashionable hat which made him seem so mysteriously. When the boy sing a song with the guitar, all the judge were astonished by his talent. As a result, he won the game but finally became famous throughout the country.‎ ‎【答案】‎ 考查非谓语动词。Wear与其逻辑主语The boy之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，worn改成wearing。‎ 考查固定结构。so之后接形容词，所以mysteriously改成mysterious。‎ 考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以sing改成sang。‎ 考查名词单复数。all指三者或三者以上，所以judge改成judges。‎ 考查连词。won the game与 finally became famous throughout the country之间是并列关系，所以but改成and。‎ ‎4. 【河南省2018届高三4月高中毕业班高考适应性考试】短文改错 ‎59．假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文，文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。‎ 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/),并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除: 把多余的词用斜线() 划掉。‎ 修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词:‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。:‎ My first stay at home alone was very memorable. One day when I was twelve, both my mother and father were away on the business and I had to be all with my self for two days. My parents left early the first day, I got up soon after they left. The first evening I was a little scare, so I turned on all the light. I actually keep the light on in my bedroom the whole night, that finally put me at ease. For fear of get up late the next morning, I put three alarm clocks near my bed and set the alarm respectively at 6: 00, 6:10, and 6: 15. In order to prove that I could take good care of me, I washed my own clothes the next day, though I could wait for Mum to do it. I really felt proudly of myself and thought I had grown up.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】考查固定短语。on business出差，是固定短语，所以删除the。‎ 考查固定短语。all by myself只有我自己，是固定短语，所以with改成by。‎ 考查连词。我的父母在第一天早早离开了，并且他们离开后，我很快就起床了。表示并列关系，所以I之前加and。‎ 考查形容词。作be动词后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式，所以scare改成scared。‎ 考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以keep改成kept。‎ 考查非限制性定语从句。which finally put me at ease.作定语，修饰整个主句内容，且有逗号和主句隔开，所以which finally put me at ease.是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，用which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ 考查固定用法。介词of之后用v+ing形式，所以get改成getting。‎ 考查名词单复数。指前面提到的“三个闹钟”，所以用名词复数，alarm改成alarms。‎ 考查反身代词。为了证明我可以照顾好我自己。表示“我自己”，所以me改成myself。‎ 考查形容词。感官动词之后用形容词，所以proudly改成 proud。‎ ‎5. 【河南省中原名校（即豫南九校）2018届高三第六次质量考评】短文改错 ‎51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ On my way home from school last Friday, I saw a little dog looking hopelessly on the sidewalk. I was held it firmly up in my arms, took it home and feed some milk to it. However, my mom was unwilling to keep them, saying there was enough pets for us, two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally, we agreed that it would be deciding by my dad, whom didn’t return home from work. Just then the girl and her dad drove near, searching for their lost pets. When they thanked us caring the dog, I felt very happy.‎ ‎【答案】第一节 短文改错 第一处：hopelessly→hopeless ‎ 第二处：去掉was 第三处：feed→fed 第四处：them→it 第五处：was→were 第六处：deciding→decided 第七处：whom—who 第八处：the→a 第九处：pets→pet ‎ 第十处：caring前添加for ‎【解析】文章主要讲述了作者在路上捡到了一只丢失的小狗并细心照顾，最终被主人领回的故事。‎ 词性用法错误。句中的looking为“看起来”之意，是系动词，后接形容词。句意：我看见一只小狗绝望的在人行道上。故将hopefully改为hopeful。‎ 语态用法错误。句中主语I与动词hope为主谓关系，故用主动语态。句意：我紧紧地把它抱在怀里。故将was去掉。‎ 时态用法错误。根据前面的动词held、took和连词and可知，这里是并列关系，故也用一般过去时。句意：把它带回家并给它喂了些牛奶。故将feed改为fed。‎ 代词用法错误。这里指代上文中的a little dog，故用代词it。句意：可是，我妈妈不愿意养它。故将them改为it。‎ 主谓一致用法错误。这里考查there be句型，谓语动词根据就近原则。这里名词enough pets为复数，故谓语动词用复数形式。句意：说我们已经有足够多的宠物了。故将was改为were。‎ 语态用法错误。句中主语为it，与动词decide之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：我们同意它将由我爸爸决定。故将deciding改为decided。‎ 定语从句关系词用法错误。句中的先行词为my dad，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，故用关系词who。句意：他还没有下班回家。故将whom改为who。‎ 冠词用法错误。句中的名词girl第一次出现，故用不定冠词a。句意：就在这时，一个女孩和她爸爸开车到附近。故将the改为a。‎ 名词数用法错误。根据前文可知这里的pet指代的a little dog，故用单数形式。故将pets改为pet。‎ 动词用法错误。这里考查短语thank sb. for doing sth.感谢某人做某事。句意：他们感谢我照顾小狗。故在caring前添加for ‎2017年模拟题 ‎1. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】The store______ I bought my textbooks is having a sale this week.‎ A. that B. where C. which D. why ‎【答案】B ‎2. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】We are living in an age      QR codes（二维码）are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.‎ A. why B. that C. whose D. when ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在二维码在日常生活中越来越受欢迎的时代。关系副词when引导定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句），修饰表示时间的先行词age，在定语从句中充当时间状语，故选D。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 定语从句是高中英语重要的一个语法点，此题考查选择合适的关系词。‎ 此题中先行词an age是表示时间的名词短语，且定语从句QR codes（二维码）are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.中不缺主谓宾，而是缺少先行词相对应的时间状语，所以此题应选择关系副词when。关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。‎ ‎3. 【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】Keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a baby's body clock, _______researchers note should be in place by about 4 months of age.‎ A. whose B. which C. when D. where ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：保持一个有规律的睡眠时间对于设定一个婴儿的生理钟是重要的，研究者表明这应该在大约四个月大的时候被固定。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面一句话，在从句中作宾语，故选B。‎ ‎4. 【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模拟】The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book, ______ both of them fail to express.‎ A. where B. when C. who D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：两个年轻人未能表达的内心想法在书中被显露出来。先行词是inner thoughts指物，在定语从句中作express的宾语，要用关系代词which引导。故选D.‎ ‎5. 【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】 The books on the desk,     covers are shiny, are prizes for us.‎ A. which B. what C. whose D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查定语从句 ‎6. 【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】 Lichun is a Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms,      means the beginning of spring.‎ A. who B. that C. whose D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：立春是中国24节气的一个词，表示春天来了。先行词是Lichun，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故排除Ａ和Ｃ；根据主句和从句之间有逗号，可知是非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除Ｂ，故选D。‎ ‎7. 【江苏省连云港市、徐州市、宿迁市2017届高三年级第三次模拟】We sell a lot of products offshore and the opportunity to open up markets in regions  ________ we don't currently sell a lot to is a great one.‎ A. where B. that C. what D. when ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子成分，主句the opportunity is a great one，先行词是regions，定语从句we don’t currently sell a lot to中缺少to的宾语，所以只能用that或者which，故选B。‎ ‎8. 【江苏省苏锡常镇2017届高三英语教学情况调查（二）】 In my opinion, one’s individual income does not wholly reflect the extent ________ one’s self-value and social value are realized.‎ A. of which B. with which C. on which D. to which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在我看来，一个人的个人收入并不能完全反映一个人的自我价值和社会价值实现的程度。the extent to表示“……的程度”，在此句中extent是先行词，which在定语从句中代指extent。故选D。‎ ‎9. 【天津市和平区2017届高三第四次质量调查（四模）】 Following the girl, we went into a hall; on __________ walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists.‎ A. its B. which C. whose D. those ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考察定语从句.句意:跟着这个女孩,我们进入了一个墙上挂着几张一些著名科学家的画的大厅.a hall是下文wall的逻辑主语,故引导词用whose,选C.‎ ‎10 .【天津市十二重点中学2017届高三毕业班联考（一）】They will fly to Chicago, _________ they plan to stay in for two or three days.‎ A. where B. there C. which D. when ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎【2017年湖南省高考冲刺预测卷英语（六）】假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Last week, I had a argument with my best friend. All of us went home with anger, After finishing dinner, I began to do my homework. Sudden, my stomach hurt badly. My parents took me the hospital immediately. The doctor said I eat unclean food and I needed to stay in the hospital for two days, that made me feel worse and worried about my lessons. To my surprised, my best friend came to see me. She was so worried about me and helped me about my lessons. We understood it each other better and were back together. Now I have realized that friendship is very importance to me.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和好朋友吵架了，随后生气回到家。在做作业的时候作者突然胃疼，父母只好送她去医院，这使得作者心情更糟糕。没想到作者的好朋友这时来医院看望她，随后两人和好，作者也意识到友情的重要性。‎ ‎1.在元音前不定冠词a要变成an。故将a改为an。‎ ‎2.此处只涉及到作者和朋友两个人，而all是指三人或三人以上。故将All改为Both。‎ ‎3.“突然”，suddenly副词表状语。故将sudden改为suddenly。‎ ‎4.take sb. to some place带某人到某地。故加to。‎ ‎5.本文是讲述过去发生的事，所以用过去时态。故将eat改为ate。‎ ‎6.非限制性定语从句用which作连接词不能用that。故将that改为which。‎ ‎7.to one's surprise固定搭配，意为令某人惊讶的是。故将surprised改为surprise。‎ ‎8.help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事。故将about改为with。‎ ‎9.“我们更好地理解了彼此”，it是多余的。故将it去掉。‎ ‎10.“友谊对我十分重要”，所以此处应用形容词形式。故将importance改为important。‎ ‎【名师点睛】短文改错主要考查考生对文章的理解以及句子结构的分析，考生可以先通读短文，整体把握短文大意再细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答。然后逐行修改最后复读全文，验证答案。主要考查名词单复数、动词时态语态、代词的使用、冠词的使用。  ‎ ‎     动词常见的改错形式：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语。应仔细分析句子结构，再进行判断。‎ 例如，第5题，“The doctor said I eat unclean food and I needed to stay in the hospital for two days,”，根据全文时态可知，故事发生在过去，时态应为过去时，故将eat改为ate。‎ ‎【安徽省六安市第一中学2017届高三6月适应性考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线（     ），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Many people like eating junk foods, because they thought they are delicious. But in fact, these foods are not healthy. That we need most is a balanced diet. Eating a balanced diet mean choosing a wide variety of foods from all the food groups. A balanced diet provides different kinds of nutrition(营养) with our body. We need a balanced diet to keep healthy. Therefore, many people still have unhealthy eating habits, that will do harm to their health. I think is necessary for us to have three meals a day properly. When eat, we should eat different kinks of foods. For an example, we should eat both meat and vegetables to get different kinds of nutrition.‎ All in all, it’s importantly for us to keep a balanced diet.‎ ‎【答案】1.thought--think        ‎ ‎2.That--What        ‎ ‎3.mean--means        ‎ ‎4.with--for ‎5.Therefore--However    ‎ ‎6.that--which        ‎ ‎7.think is--think it is/is--it ‎8.eat--eating            ‎ ‎9.an example--删去an        ‎ ‎10.importantly--important ‎【解析】文章针对一些人喜欢垃圾食品的现象,讲述了平衡饮食的重要性和必要性.‎ ‎1. thought---think考查时态。此处陈述的是事实，要用一般现在时态。‎ ‎2. That---What考查主语从句的引导词。句意：我们最需要的是平衡的饮食。表示“什么，内容”用What引导，在句中做we need的宾语，故That---What.‎ ‎3. mean---means.考查主谓一致。动名词Eating a balanced diet做主语谓语用第三人称单数形式，故mean---means.‎ ‎4. with---for.考查介词。此处表示为我们的身体提供各种营养，“为了”用for，故with---for.‎ ‎7. think is---think it is / is---it.考查句子结构。本句可以是两种结构，结构一：I think后是宾语从句，需要有主语。不定式to have three meals a day properly.做真正主语，用it做形式主语。结构二：I think是主谓，it是形式宾语，necessary是宾补，不定式to have three meals a day properly.是真正宾语。故think is---think it is / is---it.‎ ‎8. eat---eating.考查省略句。When 引导的时间状语从句中省略了主语和谓语的一部分，完整句子应该是when we are eating，表示动作正在进行，故eat---eating.‎ ‎9. an example---删去an.考查固定搭配。For example“例如，比如”，用于举例子，故an example---example.‎ ‎10. importantly---important.考查形容词。句意：保持平衡的饮食对我们来说是非常必要的。此处是形容词做is的表语，故importantly---important.‎ ‎【福建省2017届高三下学期普通高中毕业班4月质量检查】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Zhou Yan is the Senior Three student. Last week, he goes to see a doctor because of his arms and fingers hurt. The doctor told him the fact that had a “mobile phone disease”. Zhou sent messages for his friends with his mobile phone all the time, even in bed. Zhou started to do badly in all the exam because he spent so many time on his mobile phone. He didn’t stop use the mobile phone until his arms hurt. Yang Ling, which is an expert from a health center, said students should try to use their mobile phones less, especial at school.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】文章讲述了Zhou Yan长期使用手机造成的手机病的症状和严重性，建议我们有节制地使用手机。‎ 第一处：The →a.考查冠词。此处指周岩是一名高三学生，不是特指，故the改为a。‎ 第二处：goes →went.考查时态。根据时间状语Last week且和下文时态一致，要用一般过去时。故goes改为went。‎ 第三处：去掉of.考查连词。表示“因为”的because of是介词短语，后加词语，但此后是句子不是词语，所以要用连词because，故去掉of。‎ 第四处：had前加he.考查同位语从句。此处that引导的是同位语从句，that没有实际意义，此处从句缺少主语he，故要补出来，故had前加he。‎ 第五处：for →to.考查介词。send sth. to sb.送某物给某人，介词用to，故for改为to。‎ 第六处：exam →exams.考查名词。此处由all修饰指所有的考试，名词要用复数，故exam 改为exams。‎ 第七处：many →much.考查相近词辨析。many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词，此处修饰time，time是不可数名词要用much，故many改为much。‎ 第八处：use →using.考查固定用法。stop doing表示停止做某事，此处指停止玩手机，故use改为using。‎ 第九处：which→ who.考查定语从句。句中先行词是Yang Ling指人，不能用which引导，此处是非限制性定语从句用who，故which改为who。‎ 第十处：especial→ especially.考查副词。此处作状语，要用副词，故especial改为especially。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 区别一 because是连词，其后接句子；because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等。如：‎ I didn’t buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。‎ He is here because of you (that). 他为你(那事)而来这里。‎ He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。‎ We said nothing about it, because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我们对此只字未提。‎ He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。‎ 注：because of之后可接what从句，但不能接that从句或没有引导词的句子。如：‎ 他因病未来。‎ 误：He didn’t come because of he was ill.‎ 误：He didn’t come because of that he was ill.‎ 正：He didn’t come because he was ill.‎ 正：He didn’t come because of his illness.‎ 比较以下同义句：‎ 他离开了这家公司，是因为老板在会上讲的话。‎ 正：He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting.‎ 正：He left the company because of the thing that the boss said at the meeting.‎ 我不能因为有个家就停止斗争。‎ 正：I can’t stop fighting because I have a family.‎ 正：I can’t stop fighting because of having a family.‎ 区别二 because所引导的从句除用作原因状语外，还可用作表语。如：‎ It is because he loves you. 那是因为他爱你。‎ 而复合介词because of所引导的介词短语通常用作状语而不用作表语。如：‎ 他因雨缺席。‎ 误：His absence was because of the rain.‎ 正：His absence was due to the rain.‎ 正：He was absent because of the rain.‎ 但是有时若主语是代词(不是名词)，也可以用 because of 引出的短语作表语。如：‎ It is just because of money. 那只是因为钱的原因。‎ That was because of his sickness. 那是因为他生病的原因。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎【超级全能生”浙江省2017届高三3月联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入恰当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形武。‎ Soon after I got off the ship　　　36　　　(fill) with tradesmen from small boats, I was stopped by a man selling diamond rings. I really spent some time　　　37　　　(get) rid of him. Then another man　　　38　　　(approach) me with some expensive watches and pens, 　　　39　　　aroused my interest.‎ ‎“Can I have a look at the pens?” I asked the man, who immediately handed　　　40　　　to me and said, “it's a pen of high quality, sir. It's 　　　41　　　￡50, but you can have it for ￡30 as a special favor.” Yet I still thought it was too expensive, so between us there was an 　　　42　　　(argue) about the price. Finally, I got the pen for ￡5. What a bargain! Only one tenth of the original price! I was wild 　　　43　　　joy, without noticing the seller ‎ disappear into the crowd quickly. Then I went back to the ship, 　　　44　　　(extreme) pleased. But this story did not have a happy ending: I couldn't fill the pen with ink and it just didn't work! Even five pounds　　　　45　　　　(be) too much! There was no doubt that I had been fooled by the seller. No wonder he had been in such a hurry to get away!‎ ‎【答案】36.filled37.getting38.approached39.which40.one41.worth42.argument43.with44.extremely45.was ‎【解析】本文为记叙文。文章记叙了自己被小商贩欺骗的故事。‎ ‎39.考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词是some expensive watches and pens，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。‎ ‎40.考查代词。此处指“递给我一支（钢笔）”，表泛指。故填one。‎ ‎41.考查习惯用法。worth与具体金额连用，表“值多少钱”。故填worth。‎ ‎42.考查词性转化。此处指“有一个关于价格的争论”，应使用名词单数形式作答。故填argument。‎ ‎43.考查介词搭配。此处指“我欣喜若狂”。with joy“因高兴而……”为固定短语。故填with。‎ ‎44.考查词性转化。此处修饰形容词pleased，应使用副词形式。故填extremely。‎ ‎45.考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时；主语是钱、时间、长度时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was。‎ ‎【福建省福州第一中学2017届高三5月质检（最后一模）】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ High school students have defeated　　　41　　　artificial intelligence device designed to pass the national college entrance exam, in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province.‎ Forty-three students from liberal arts classes at Chengdu Shishitianfu High School joined the two-hour contest　　　42　　　(finish) a math test in the standard national entrance exam against the robot, the brainchild of four years' research by Zhun Xing Yun Xue Technology Co.Ltd.‎ Students scored 106 points　　　43　　　average, outperforming the computer program that had 93 points. She Yujia, a student in the contest, said she felt like　　　44　　　(fight) the program ‎ on behalf of humans, especially after Google's AlphaGo 　　　45　　　(beat) professional Go player Lee Sedol of South Korea last year.‎ Researchers who developed the AI test taker, 　　　46　　　is also part of a project by the Ministry of Science and Technology, said the failure was due to a poor understanding of concepts in some math problems.‎ Lin Hui, CEO of the developing company, said more efforts 　　　47　　　(make) to fix bugs and improve performance of the program in the near future, with a focus on math 　　　48　　　(apply).‎ Chinese students are usually separated into science and liberal arts classes at high school, a practice that allows them to stay 　　　49　　　(compete) in the college entrance exam by choosing 　　　　50　　　　(prefer) subjects. Math tests for liberal arts students are usually easier than those given to science students.‎ ‎【答案】41.an42.to finish43.on44.fighting45.beat46.which  47.would be made48.application(s)49.competitive  50.preferred ‎【解析】本文主要讲述了在四川成都，人工智能机器人与43名学生一起参加高考模拟，最终机器人落败的事。‎ ‎41.根据“High school students have defeated___1___artificial intelligence device ”，defeated为谓语动词，artificial intelligence device是名词，所以用冠词修饰名词。故填an。‎ ‎42.根据“Forty-three students from liberal arts classes at Chengdu Shishitianfu High School joined the two-hour contest ___2___(finish) a math test”，分析句子，结构完整，不缺少成分，joined是谓语动词，所以后句用动词不定式表示目的。故填to finish。‎ ‎43.固定搭配on average意为“平均”，故填on。‎ ‎44.feel like doing sth.想要做某事，故填fighting。‎ ‎45.根据“especially after Google's AlphaGo___5___(beat) professional Go player Lee Sedol of South Korea last year”，由last year确定句子为过去时，beat的过去时仍是beat，故填beat。‎ ‎46.“Researchers who developed the AI test taker,___6___is also part of a project ”，分析句子结构，主句结构完整，从句缺少主语成分，主句与从句之间用逗号隔开，所以使用非限制性定语从句。故填which。‎ ‎47.根据“said more efforts___7___(make) to fix bugs and improve performance of the program in the near future”，由in the near future确定该句时态为过去将来时，efforts与make表被动关系，故填would be made。‎ ‎48.“with a focus on math___8___(apply)”，根据语境应该知道，此空填写名词形式，故填application(s)。‎ ‎49.“allows them to stay___9___(compete) in the college entrance exam”，stay为系动词，in the college entrance exam为地点状语，横线处填写形容词与stay构成系表结构，故填competitive。‎ ‎50.“a practice that allows them to stay competitive in the college entrance exam by choosing___10___(prefer) subjects”，分析句子结构，choosing为动词，subjects为名词，横线处应填写形容词修饰名词，故填preferred。‎ ‎【名师点睛】做这类题型时，首先要通读全文，了解文章的大意，虽然文中被挖的支离破碎，但是并不妨碍意思的完整性，文章的大意还是可以理清的。做这类题目时，句子结构的分析很重要，要注意句子的时态、句子成分的完整性。‎ 例如第5题：“She Yujia, a student in the contest, said she felt like fighting the program on behalf of humans, especially after Google's AlphaGo___5___(beat) professional Go player Lee Sedol of South Korea last year”，首先对句子进行分析，由句尾出现的last year判断该句整体时态为过去时，Google's AlphaGo___5___(beat) professional Go player Lee Sedol of South Korea last year，句子缺少谓语动词，所以横线处填写动词的过去时，故填beat。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎1. Nowadays, We-chat has been a great channel _______ travelers offer viewers a feast for their imagination by displaying pictures and mood descriptions. ‎ ‎ A. which B. where C. when D. what ‎【答案】B ‎【考点】考查定语从句 ‎2. _________ is generally believed, it is human activities that have contributed to the global ‎ warming.‎ ‎ A. It B. As C. that D. what ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：人们普遍认为，正是人类活动导致了全球变暖。As在此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号后面主句的内容，并在定语从句中充当主语。故选B项。‎ 考点：定语从句 ‎ ‎3. I suppose it is such a bad situation _______ most of its former and present employees will feel upset about.‎ A. where B. that C. which D. as ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句 句意：我想这是一个大部分新老员工都感到难过的糟糕境况。该题考查的是“such”引导的定语从句，后面的从句中about一词后面缺少宾语，故使用as一词来充当从句中的宾语，故D项正确。‎ ‎4. There is no greatness and success ________ simplicity, kindness and truth are absent.‎ ‎ A. until B. while C. where D. before ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查定语从句 句意：哪里没有朴实善良和真理，哪里就没有伟大与成功。此题考查的是定语从句，先行词为“greatness and success”，从句中absent后面缺少介词，故要使用关系副词where，所以选C项适合。‎ ‎【考点】考查定语从句 ‎5. I tried to recall the name of the man with a hat on the street this morning ________ I met on the plane last year.‎ ‎ A. whom B. which C. where D. when ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：今天早上在街上我尽力回忆那个戴帽子的人的名字，我去年在飞机上见到过他。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the man（指人），且关系词在从句中作宾语。因此答案为A项。注意：不要被the man后面的with a ‎ hat这一后置定语所迷惑而误认为先行词是hat，从而误选B项which，更不能误认为先行词是the street或this morning而误选C项where或D项when。‎ 考点：定语从句 ‎6. The past is the bank ______ we store our most valuable possession: the memories that give meaning and depth to our lives.‎ A. which B. where C. what D. when ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意：过去是一所我们将最宝贵的财产——记忆珍藏其中的银行，它赐予我们生活的意义和深度。此题考查定语从句，先行词为the bank，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作状语，故选用关系副词where，where=in which，故选B项适合。‎ ‎【考点】考查定语从句 ‎7. Many college graduates are willing to run online shops to get over the occasion ________ they have difficult finding a well-paid job.‎ A. which B. that C. where D. when ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：眼下，许多大学毕业生很难找到一份薪水高的工作，他们情愿开网店来度过这一难关。此处先行词occasion(时机，时刻)表示时间，且后面定语从句中不缺基本成分，故关系副词when，在定语从句中作时间状语。因此选D项。‎ 考点：定语从句 ‎8. Generally speaking, such important strategies were applied in learning practice _______ almost every student could benefit from in life. ‎ ‎ A. when B. that C. as D. where ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查定语从句用法 句意：通常地讲，如此重要的策略运用于学习实践中使得每一个学生都能从中受益。定语从句“______ almost every student could benefit from in life”中benefit from后面缺少宾语，且先行词被such修饰，故需要使用as一词来充当，故选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查定语从句 ‎9. The traffic might be very busy now, ________ case we may be considerably delayed.‎ A. which B. whose C. of which D. in which ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：现在的交通可能很拥挤，如此一来，我们可能会耽搁很久。in which case“在这种（那种）情况下”，在这里引导非限制性定语从句（=and in this/that case）。因此选D项。‎ 考点：定语从句 ‎10. The 88th Academy Award Ceremony was held in Dolby Theatre ______ seats an audience of approximately 3,400.‎ A. where B. whose C. when D. which ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。 句意：第88届奥斯卡颁奖典礼在能容下大约3 400名观众的杜比剧院举行。此处考查定语从句，先行词为＂Dolby Theatre＂，从句中的＂seats＂为动词，意为＂容纳＂，从句中缺少主语，故需要用关系代词which。故选D。‎ ‎【考点】考查定语从句 ‎11. —What do you think of your new job?‎ ‎—I think it is a job _______ you are doing something serious but exciting. ‎ A. where B. which C. when D. that ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：—“你觉得你的新工作怎么样？” —“我认为这是一份虽然做起来很严肃但能让人兴奋的工作”。先行词job表示抽象地点，且后面的定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故用where引导，相当于in which。因此选B项。‎ 考点：定语从句 ‎12．Developing nations insist that richer countries, ________ have already completed their own polluting industrial revolution, must shoulder the greater burden for the carbon emission cuts.‎ A．that B．what C．it D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：发展中国家一致认为已经完成他们自己的污染工业革命的富裕国家必须为减少二氧化碳的排放承担更大的负担。这里逗号后面是非限制性定语从句，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，what和 it 不是定语从句的关系词，which可以代替前面句子的 richer countries，在从句中作主语，故选D。‎ 考点：考查非限制性定语从句关系词的用法 ‎13. It was Sept 3, 2015 ________China held a massive military parade to mark the 70th anniversary of its victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the ‎ World Anti-Fascist War.‎ A. that B. since C. when D. before ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查从句辨析 ‎14. Please keep it in mind that the best relationship is one ________ you love for each other is greater than you ask for each other.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. when D. where ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：请记住：好的关系就是那种深入其中你的爱胜于你的要求。此句为定语从句，先行词为代词one，指代的是前面的relationship一词，后面的从句不缺成分故需要用关系副词表示“在这样的关系下…”,故选D。‎ 考点: 考查定语从句 ‎15. Most college graduates are looking forward to find a job ______ they can earn money to support themselves.‎ ‎ A. why B. when ‎ C. that D. where ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：大部分大学毕业生希望找到一份能够让他们养活自己的工作。这里是定语从句，先行词是job，定语从句不缺少主宾表，缺少地点状语，所以用where引导，相当于in the job，所以选D。‎ 考点: 考查定语从句 ‎16. Prime Minister Modi, _________ is making his first visit to China since _______ last year, arrived early Thursday in Xi'an.‎ ‎ A. who; being elected B. who; elected ‎ C. whom; was elected D. that; being elected ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】试题分析：句意：莫迪星期四早上抵达西安，去年当选印度总理后，这是莫迪首次访问中国。根据逗号判断是非限制性定语从句，不能用that；since后跟一个句子，C项缺少主语he；Modi和elect是动宾关系，应该用被动语态，所以选A。‎ 考点：考查定语从句和非谓语动词 ‎17. Many college students are willing to work in Western China after graduation ______, poor and backward as it is, more opportunities of employment are available. A. when B. where C. which D. that ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：很多大学生毕业后愿意到中国的西部工作，那里虽然贫穷，落后，有更多的就业机会可以获得。这里是定语从句，先行词是Western China ，定语从句中不缺主宾表，缺少的是地点状语，所以选B。‎ 考点：考查定语从句 ‎18. During the race, we had a bad weather—what’s called a “white-out” —_______ visibility is very poor.‎ A. that B. why C. where D. how ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：分析句子结构可知，_______ visibility is very poor为定语从句，且从句缺少状语；又根据语境可知，在这种所谓的“white-out”天气状况下，能见度较低，故用where引导。因此选C。‎ 考点：定语从句 ‎19. There is still one point _____ we must make clear in this case.‎ ‎ A. where B. that C. why D. when ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这依然有一处我们必须在这个案例中我们需要弄清楚地要点。此处是考查定语从句，先行词为point，在从句中做make一词的宾语故需要用关系代词which/that/省略。‎ 考点: 考查定语从句 ‎20. Personal space is the region surrounding a person _____they regard as psychologically theirs. ‎ A. who B. where C. when D. which ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点：考查定语从句 ‎ ‎