2012年中考英语语法考点知识复习18

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2012年中考英语语法考点知识复习18

‎2012年中考英语考点18形容词的比较级和最高级 ‎  形容词的比较级和最高级3) 有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。‎ ‎   原级 比较级 最高级 ‎  good/well 好的 better best ‎  bad/ill 坏的 worse worst ‎  many/much 多的 more most ‎  little 少的 less least ‎  far 远的 further furthest ‎   farther farthest ‎  old 老的 older oldest ‎   elder eldest ‎  2. 形容词比较级的用法 ‎  1)形容词的比较级可以单独使用:‎ ‎   Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。‎ ‎   It was quieter outside. 外面安静点了。‎ ‎   It couldn’t be easier. 不能再容易了。‎ ‎   This car is more expensive. 这辆车比较贵。‎ ‎   Who is taller? 谁高一点?‎ ‎   Which book is better? 哪本书更好?‎ ‎  1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成 ‎  1)单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成 ‎  2) 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如:‎ 6‎ ‎   原级 比较级 最高级 ‎   useful more useful most useful ‎   difficult more difficult most difficult ‎   delicious more delicious most delicious ‎  2)也可以和than连用,表示两者相比,than后可以跟:‎ ‎  a. 名词或代词(若为人称代词,在口语中多用宾格):‎ ‎   He is older than me. 他年龄比我大。‎ ‎   Tokyo is bigger than New York. 东京比纽约大。‎ ‎  b. 动名词:‎ ‎  Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。‎ ‎  This is more interesting than sitting in an office. 这比坐办公室更有意思。‎ ‎  c. 从句:‎ ‎  I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。‎ ‎  He is stronger than I expected. 他比我预料的更健壮。‎ ‎  d. 状语:‎ ‎  She felt worse than usual. 她感到比平时更难受。‎ ‎  He is busier than ever. 他比过去更忙了。‎ ‎  e. 跟其它成分(如动词、形容词等):‎ ‎  It’s better to be prepared than unprepared. 有准备比没准备好。‎ ‎  She was more surprised than angry. 她吃惊甚于生气。‎ ‎  He was more lucky than clever. 他是运气好,而不是聪明。‎ ‎  3 形容词比较级的修饰语 6‎ ‎  1)形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语:‎ ‎  He’s feeling a lot better today. 他感到今天好多了。‎ ‎  She’s a little bit better now. 她现在稍稍好点了。‎ ‎  It’s slightly warmer today. 今天稍微暖和一点。‎ ‎  2)也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词:‎ ‎  Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗?‎ ‎  She was no older than Zilla. 他并不比齐拉大。‎ ‎  This book is even more useful than that. 这本书甚至比那本书更有用。‎ ‎  3)比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:‎ ‎  Shall I get a couple more chairs? 我要不要再搬两把椅子来?‎ ‎  My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。‎ ‎  You’re a head taller than Jane. 你比简高一个头。‎ ‎  4. 形容词比较级的特殊用法 ‎  和more有关的词组 ‎  1) the more…the more… 越……就越……。例如:‎ ‎    The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make. 越努力,进步越大。‎ ‎  2) more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B。例如:‎ ‎    He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时,与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。‎ ‎  3) no more…than… 与……一样……,不比……多。例如:‎ ‎    The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。‎ ‎     no less… than… 与……一样……。例如:‎ ‎     He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。‎ 6‎ ‎  4) more than 不只是,非常。例如:‎ ‎     She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。‎ ‎  和less有关的词组 ‎  5) less than 不到… 不太:‎ ‎   In less than a week, the MS was ready. 不到一周稿子就准备好了。‎ ‎  6)no less than 多达 不少于 ‎   He won no less than $5oo. 他赢了不少于500美圆。‎ ‎   No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了2百万人。‎ ‎  7) more or less 基本上 大体上 大约 ‎   The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。‎ ‎   The answers were more or less right. 这些回答大体上是正确的。‎ ‎   另外, 还有as + 形容词或副词原级 + as ‎  8) 在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。例如:‎ ‎     He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。‎ ‎  9) 当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式:as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如:‎ ‎     This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。‎ ‎     I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸,我也能。‎ ‎  10)表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。例如:‎ ‎  This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。‎ ‎     Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。‎ ‎  11)倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ the … + of。例如:‎ 6‎ ‎     This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。‎ ‎     This bridge is three times the length of that one.‎ ‎     Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。‎ ‎     Your room is twice the size of mine.‎ ‎  5. 形容词最高级用法 ‎  the + 最高级 + 比较范围 ‎  1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,例如:‎ ‎  The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。‎ ‎  形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。例如:‎ ‎     It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。‎ ‎     注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。‎ ‎      (错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.‎ ‎      (对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.‎ ‎  2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如:‎ ‎     This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。‎ ‎  注意:‎ ‎    a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。‎ ‎      This is the very best.‎ ‎      This is much the best.‎ ‎    b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如:‎ ‎       Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。‎ ‎  ) 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如:‎ 6‎ ‎     Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 马克是班上最聪明的。‎ ‎     Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.‎ ‎  4) "否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如:‎ ‎     Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。‎ ‎     =Nothing is easier than this.‎ ‎     =This is the easiest thing.‎ 6‎
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