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冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析考点01冠词
01冠词 考点详解 【命题解读】 冠词是历年高考的必考点,对于冠词的考查主要集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯用法,高考中常见的考点如下: ① 冠词的泛指、特指 ② 在形容词和副词比较等级前的用法 ③ 固定搭配 ④ a 和an的区别(2017新增) 【命题预测】 预计2018年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主,以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现,它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。 【名师指导】 复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则: ①单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指; ②复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时,其前不加冠词; ③无论可数名词还是不可数名词,表示特指时,其前都要加定冠词the。 考向1 不定冠词 1. 与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别,泛指一类人或事物。 ☞—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard. —You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer. 2. 用来表示不确定的某一个, 相当于 a certain。 ☞—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here. 3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示“每一(单位)的……”。 ☞I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 4. 在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词, 使之意义具体化, 表示“一种”、 “一件”、“一份”等。 ☞It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honour是抽象名词,an honour指一件荣誉的事) 5. 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示"再一,又一"。 ☞She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one. 她不喜欢这两个包的颜色,又要了一个。 1.(2017·新课标1卷语法填空)As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意:结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。 2.(2017新课标3卷语法填空)But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 model in New York. 【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词,前面没有限定词,而此处泛指 "一个",故填a。 3. I wonder what it feels to be one of _________really rich. The Browns already have two Rolls Royce and now they are buying ________ third. A. the; a B. the ;the C./;a D./;the 【答案】A 4. The foreigners here are greatly impressed by the fact that _______ people from all walks of life are working hard for ________ new Tianjin. A./; a B./; the C. a; a D. the; the 【答案】A 5.(2016·全国新课标卷II·语法填空)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 【答案】a 【解析】介词短语for a while意为"一会儿",本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情,让你的身体和大脑休息一会儿。 【巧学妙记】 不定冠词的用法口诀 泛指单数和首提,某个/每个/又一个; 物质名词具体化,相同还是抽象词; 三餐四季有修饰,感叹句中有名单。 注释: ①泛指的单数可数名词前和首次提到的单数可数名词前; ②表示又一个,某一个(a second;a certain...); ③具体化的物质名词和抽象名词前(a success,a surprise...);④有修饰词的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper…); ⑤感叹句中有单数可数名词(What a lovely girl!...) 。 有些单词以元音字母开头,但读音却以辅音开头,这些单词前要用不定冠词a; 相反,有些以辅音字母开头、读音却以元音开头的单词前要用不定冠词an。如: a useful book,an hour,an honest child等。 考向2 定冠词 1. 用来特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。 ☞Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was the most important one. 2. 指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。 ☞Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you. 3. 复述上文中提到的事物。 ☞There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new. 4. 用于单数可数名词之前, 表示该类事物, 相当于 a。 ☞When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. 5. 序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the。 ☞The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 6. 用于复数姓氏之前, 表示“夫妇”或“全家”。 ☞The Whites settled down in Canada last year. 去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。 7. 表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。 ☞the sun, the moon, the earth, the world 8. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及些建筑物等 名称前。 ☞According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. 9. 定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。 ☞Many of the injured are still in danger. 许多受伤者仍处于危险中。 ☞the rich the poor, the old the wounded the living the dead 10. 用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。 ☞the east 东部 play the piano 弹钢琴 1. (2017年新课标3卷短文改错)Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. 【答案】 picture前加the或this 【解析】考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词,根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。 2. Xi Jinping met with Hung Hsiu-chu, chairwoman of Kuomintang (KMT) Party, and called for officials on both sides of the Taiwan Straits to remain committed to one-China consensus(共识). A. the; the B.不填; the C.不填; a D. the; 不填 【答案】B 3. This type of machine is on way out, so what on earth shall I buy it for? A. /; / B. a; the C. the; / D. the; the 【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词。句意:这种机器即将过时,所以我到底为什么买它呢?on the way out“即将过时;即将被淘汰”是固定搭配,on earth“究竟;到底”是固定搭配。故选C。 4. This book tells _________ life story of John Smith, who left _________ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 18. A. the; the B. a; the C. the; / D. a; / 【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词。句意:这本书讲述了John Smith的生平。他在18岁时辍学为一家报纸工作。第一空由of短语可知表特指;第二空leave school“毕业、辍学”表抽象意义不用冠词。故选C。 5. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way. A. a;不填 B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the 【答案】D 【巧学妙记】 定冠词的用法口诀: 特指双知上文提,独一无二普遍专; 方位顺序最高级;赛项乐器影剧院; 姓氏复数一家人,形容词前可数单; 群岛河山江湖海,沙漠海峡和海湾。 阶级党派国全名,组织团体与机关。 连续应用比较级,朝代年代按天算。 考向3 零冠词 1. 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。 ☞Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts. 偏远地区非常需要教师。 2. 称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。 ☞Dr. Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,"A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge." 这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们,这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。 3. 月、季、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。 ☞A year can be divided into four seasons — spring,summer,autumn and winter. 一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。 4. no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。 ☞There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. 天下没有免费的午餐。 5. 在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词,但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。 ☞He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher. 他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。 1. However, we refer to Donald Trump as _______ great success not merely because he has been elected President of the USA. A. a; the B. 不填;the C. a;不填 D. 不填;不填 【答案】C 2. George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _____ church. A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a 【答案】C 【解析】a Sunday指某一个星期天;at church为固定搭配,意为"做礼拜",中间不用冠词。 【巧学妙记】 难点剖析 一、序数词前冠词的使用问题 强调顺序时用定冠词;当不强调顺序,而是表示“又,还,再”时用不定冠词。如: The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have ________ third one because ________ second one is rather too small. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 【答案】C 二、school, bed等前面冠词的使用问题 像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名词,在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词,但若抽象地指它们所具有的作用或功能时,则不用冠词,此时多用于go to或者be in / at之后。如: 1. —Where is Jack? —I think he is still in ________ bed, but he might just be in ________ bathroom. (全国卷) A. 不填;不填 B. the;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;the 【答案】D 【解析】题中bed是指其用途,即:be in bed在睡觉。第二空指双方都知道的洗手间。 2. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ________ hotel; I can find you ________ bed in my flat. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填 【答案】A 【解析】题中bed不是指其用途,而是泛指“床”这类事物中的一个。hotel是特指这次住的那个旅馆。句意是:你下次来这里度假,就不要住那个旅馆了,我在我的公寓里帮你弄一张床。 3. When he left ________ college, he got a job as ________ reporter in a newspaper office. A. 不填;a B. 不填;the C. a ; the D. the; the 【答案】A 三、专有名词前的冠词使用问题 一般不用冠词,如John, China等。但以下几种情况用冠词: ①“the+姓氏复数”表示“某某夫妇”或“姓某的一家人”。如: ________ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The Evens B. The Evens’ C. The Evenses D. Evenses’ 【答案】C 【解析】“the+姓氏复数”表示“某某夫妇”或“姓某的一家人”。 ②“a(n)+人名”表示“……式的人物”或“有一个名叫……的人”,如: ☞He is a Lei Feng. 他是一个雷锋式的人物。 ☞A Smith is waiting for you at the school gate. 有一个叫史密斯的人在门口等你。 ③由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the,如the Summer Palace, the United Nations。但若是在“专 有名词(人名或地名)+普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用冠词,如Beijing University, Yale University。 如: The most important thing about cotton in history is ________ part that it played in ________ Industrial Revolution. A. 不填;不填 B. the;不填 C. the; the D. a; the 【答案】C 【解析】因为part后面有一定语从句修饰,是特指,用the;又因为工业革命是由普通名词构成的专有 名词,所以前面也要用the。 ④表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the,如: the Gorge of China (中国的高尔基) the China of the 1960s(20世纪60年代的中国) the Smith you’re looking for(你在找的那个史密斯) 四、物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用问题 一般不用冠词,如We all need water. (我们都需要水。) 但是下列情况要用冠词: ①特指时要加the,如: In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck by ________ beauty of ________ nature that he stayed for another night. A. /, / B. /, the C. the, / D. the, the 【答案】C ②有的抽象名词具体化后,前面要加不定冠词,如: a surprise一件预料之外的事 a pity / shame (一件令人遗憾的事) a success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人) a pleasure(一件快乐的事),a time(一段时间) ③不定冠词可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物质名词前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”。如: I’d like a tea(=a cup of tea), please. 我要来杯茶。 五、表示三餐的名词前的冠词使用问题 breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不用冠词,但若受形容词修饰时用a / an;特指时要用the。如: a good lunch(丰盛的午餐) How do you like the lunch?(你觉得这顿午餐怎么样?) 六、play后的乐器和球类名词的冠词使用问题 play后接西洋乐器名词时,要加定冠词。但象erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前就不用冠词;play后面接球、棋、牌等之类的名词前也不用冠词,如play football / chess / bridge踢足球 / 下棋 / 打桥牌。 After watching ________ TV, she played ________ violin for an hour. A. 不填, 不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, the 【答案】D 【解析】play作“弹、演奏”讲,后接的西洋乐器名词前要用the。watch TV是习惯说法,不用冠词。 七、表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用问题 一般不用冠词,但特指时用the;受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a / an。如: the spring of 1998 1998年的春天 a hard winter 一个严寒的冬天 八、表示节日的名词前的冠词使用问题 含有day的节日前一般不用冠词,如May Day, New Year’s day, Christmas Day, April Fool’s Day, Mother’s Day等;但仅中国才有的传习统节日名称前常用the,如the Spring Festival(春节), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋节)。 九、有后置定语的名词前的冠词使作问题 特指某人或某物时用the;但若指一类事物时用a / an。如: I’d like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive. 我想买一件价格不贵但又有用的那样一类礼物。(from www.nmet168.com) 十、两个并列名词前冠词的使用问题 指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,第二个名词前不用冠词,如a teacher and writer(一位教师兼作家),a horse and cart(一辆马车),a knife and fork(一付刀叉);但若是指两个人时,第二个名词前一般也要加冠词,如a man and a woman(一个男人和一个女人)。 十一、冠词的非前位用法 1. 不定冠词用在quite,rather,many,half,what,much等词之后。如: ☞He is rather a fool. ☞—What did you think of the concert? —Oh,it was quite a success. 2. 不定冠词用在so(as,too,how)+形容词之后。如: ☞She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. ☞It’s too difficult a book for us to read. 注意:以元音音素开头的名词前加不定冠词时用"an"。例如:an apple。 即使单词拼写以辅音字母开头,但该词的读音是元音音素开头,加不定冠词时也要用"an",例如:an hour,an honest boy;反之,拼写以元音字母开头,但读音是辅音,加不定冠词时要用"a",例如:a university。 3. so…that与such…that: ①so…that和such…that都作"如此……以至于"解,that引导结果状语从句。常见句型如下: so ②such…that和so…that有时可以换用,条件是such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词,且该名词还带有表性质的形容词。转变公式如下:such a/an+形容词+名词→so+形容词+a/an+名词。如: ☞He is such a good student that we all like him.→He is so good a student that we all like him。 但是,如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词,则只能用such,不能用so修饰。如: ☞It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home。 ③如果复数名词前有many,few,不可数名词前有much,little等表示量的形容词时,应该用so而不用such。如: ☞I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over. ☞Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together(维持生活)。 但little不表示数量而表示"小"的意思时,仍用such。如: ☞They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves. 检测训练 题组一 真题在线 1.(2016·浙江)______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris. A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a 【答案】D 2.(2015·陕西) more learned a man is, more modest be usually become. A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the 【答案】A 【解析】句意:一个人越有学识,他就越可能更谦虚。使用"the +比较级…, the +比较级…"句型,所以选A。 【名师点睛】冠词的考查集中在the表示特指;a/an表示泛指。另外要注意冠词的一些固定搭配中冠词的使用。这里用的是:"the +比较级…, the +比较级…"句型,学生在平时应该多积累这些包含冠词的短语和句型。 3.(2015·四川)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven. A. a B. an C. the D.不填 【答案】A 【解析】考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前,表示:一个像……那样的人。故选择A。句意:Brian在创作音乐上极有才华,他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。 4.(2015·浙江)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way. A. a;不填 B. the; the C. 不填;the D. a; the 【答案】D 5.(2015·重庆)I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask. A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个带面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那家银行,可知表示特指,用the;第二空表示一个带面具的持枪人表示泛指,用a。 【名师点睛】冠词的运用要把握 a 一般表示泛指某一类人或物,意为"任何一个,任一" 。the 表示表示特指,或有某类型的修饰。 6.(2014·重庆)I can’t tell you _______ way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have _______ Wilson here in the village. A. the; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; / 【答案】A 【解析】去威尔逊家的道路是特定的,故选择定冠词;本村没有叫做威尔逊的人。叫威尔逊的人有很多,不具有唯一性,故选择不定冠词。A项正确。 7.(2014·天津)Life the like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore. A. an; the B. the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a 【答案】A 8.(2014·江西)They chose Tom to be ________captain of the team because they knew he was _______smart leader. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 【答案】C 【解析】Captain后跟了个介词短语of the team作定语,表特指;后一空表类型(一个聪明的领导者),因此C选项正确。句意为" 他们选了汤姆为这个队的队长,那是因为他们知道汤姆是个聪明的头儿。" 9.(2014·陕西)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town. A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a 【答案】A 【解析】考查冠词。第一空后的名词后有where引导的定语从句,故应是特指,用the;第二空表示一个城镇,故填不定冠词a。故选A。 10.(2014·浙江)The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into ______ night. A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填;the 【答案】A 【解析】第一空a表示"每一";into the night到深夜;句意:我的论文下个月就要交,我现在一周工作七天,还经常熬夜到深夜。故选A。 【名师点睛】考生做题时要保持清醒的头脑,准确猜摸出题人意图。week是普通的可数名词,就可以用a修饰, into the night是约定俗成的短语,就算考试时考生不能详细阐述该理由,但是根据以往做题见到的句子、用法,可以发散思维,准确选出答案,没必要在考场死扣某一题原理,这在平时就需要大量的英语阅读、做题,才能厚积薄发。 题组二 名校模拟 1. They had to bring the project under construction to end because of lack of money. A. the; an B./; / C./; an D. the; the 【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词。句意:因为缺钱,他们不得不结束正在建设中的工程。under construction固定短语, 表示“在建设中”;bring to an end固定短语,表示“使结束”。由此可知应选C。 2. No one hopes the two countries will be at war, because peace is what everyone wants. A. the;the B. a;a C. the;/ D./;/ 【答案】D 3. The firm was badly in need of a manager who has good knowledge of French. A. a;/ B. the;a C. /;a D. /;the 【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词。in need of…“需要……”,have a good knowledge of…“精通……”,都是固定短 语,故选C项。 4. National holiday is time for leisure. But making good use of time is not easy for most Chinese. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; / D. the; a 【答案】B 【解析】考查冠词。句意:假期是休闲的时间,但是充分利用这段时间对于大多数中国人来说是不容易 的事情。第一空是泛指“一段休闲的时光”;第二空填是特指假期这个时间。故选B。 5. He had wanted to write _________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in _________ way. A. a; / B. the; the C. /; the D. a; the 【答案】D 【解析】考查冠词。句意:多年来,他想写一本有关于儿童的书,但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。 第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指“一本书”;第二个in the way 是固定搭配,意为“挡道或阻碍”。故选D。 6. Living in _____ever increasingly fast-paced world, we are facing greater competition, so we must take _____advantage of every opportunity to develop. A. an; the B. an; / C. the; an D. the; / 【答案】B 7. — My son seldom has breakfast. — It is unhealthy habit.You must ask him to change it. A./ ; an B.the; on C./ ; a D.the; a 【答案】A 【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意:——我的儿子很少吃早餐。——这是不健康的饮食习惯。你需要告诉 他让他改掉这个坏习惯。表示早中餐是泛指,不需要加冠词表示特指,而habit是可数名词,这里是一 个不健康的习惯,而unhealthy是元音字母开头的,所以用不定冠词an修饰,故选A。 8. With the development of society, our country is badly in ____ need of those with ___ better command of computer skills. A. a; / B. /; a C. the; a D. /; the 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配。in need of需要,缺少;中间不需要介词;have a good command ofhttp://www.zk5u.com/精通,对… 掌握熟练;句意:随着社会的发展,我国急需能够熟练掌握计算机技术的人才。故选B。 9. That day I saw Mary grab the cat by ______ tail — which was _____ rather stupid thing to do. A. the; a B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 【答案】A 10. ______ flag-raising ceremony was held at the Golden Bauhinia Square on July 1 to celebrate ______ 17th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to China. A.A; / B.A; the C.The; the D./; the 【答案】B 【解析】第一空是一个仪式;第二空特指,空后上序数词,应用定冠词。故选B。查看更多