山东省淄博市2019年中考英语试题（解析版）

山东省淄博市2019年中考英语试题（解析版）

淄博市2019年初中学业水平考试 英语试题 第Ⅰ卷 选择题 ‎ 完形填空 ‎ For thousands of years，people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat. They___1___cloth, dyes(染料) and paper from plants. They used stone and metal for weapons and tools. ‎ People progressed to making machines powered ___2___water and steam(蒸汽), and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories ___3___of machines created jobs in the cities for thousands of people. The Industrial Revolution(工业革命) changed the lives of many people because, for the first time, more people lived in cities than on ___4___. ‎ Companies built power plants(工厂) to make___5___to run the machines，factories and cities. ‎ People did not realize these activities were___6___the Earth. They didn't realize oil, gas, coal and minerals were being used up___7___. ___8___cities grew bigger and spread across the land. plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏) as people moved into new places.‎ As time passed, people began to ___9___ the need to protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源). They saw that plants and animals needed protection，so they wouldn't disappear forever. People joined together to tell____10____around the world to conserve(节约) our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so. Earth Day was born. Each year，more and more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?‎ ‎1. A. separated B. washed C. made D. mixed ‎2. A. as B. for C. with D. by ‎3. A. full B. proud C. sick D. short ‎4. A. mountains B. rivers C. grasslands D. farms ‎5. A. metal B. water C. electricity D. oil ‎6. A. helping B. harming C. wasting D. losing ‎7. A. clearly B. hardly C. quickly D. slowly ‎8. A. Before B. If C. As D. Though ‎9. A. forget B. see C. remember D. get ‎10. A. them B. other C. another D. others ‎【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这篇短文主要讲述了是人类的活动给地球带来了危害，现在人们越来越意识到保护地球的重要性。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 句意：他们用植物做布、染料和纸。‎ A. separated分离；B. washed洗；C. made制作；D. mixed混合。根据上文For thousands of years，people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat.可知下文是制作布料，燃料和纸张。根据题意，‎ 故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 句意：人们开始制造由水和蒸汽驱动的机器，甚至后来又发展到由煤、油和汽油驱动的机器。A. as作为；B. for为了；C. with带有，具有；D. by通过。根据下文and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built.可知上文是用介词by。根据题意，‎ 故选D。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 句意：满是机器的工厂为数千人在城市创造了就业机会。‎ A. full满的；B. proud骄傲的；C. sick生病的；D. short短的。这里是充满的意思，full of…充满，根据题意，故选A。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 句意：住在城市的人比住在农场的人多。‎ A. mountains山脉；B. rivers河水；C. grasslands草原；D. farms农场。根据上文more people lived in cities可知下文是说农场。根据题意，故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 句意：公司建造发电厂来发电，以运行机器、工厂和城市。‎ A. metal金属；B. water水；C. electricity电；D. oil油。根据下文to run the machines，factories and cities.可知上文是发电。根据题意， 故选C。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 句意：人们没有意识到这些活动正伤害地球。‎ A. helping帮助；B. harming有害；C. wasting浪费；D. losing失去。根据上文People did not realize these activities可知下文是在伤害地球。根据题意，故选B。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 句意：他们没有意识到石油、天然气、煤炭和矿产正迅速被消耗殆尽。‎ A. clearly清晰地；B. hardly几乎不；C. quickly快速地；D. slowly慢地。这里是说快速地用完。根据题意，‎ 故选C。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 句意：随着城市规模的扩大和遍布全国。动植物开始消失。‎ A. Before在……之前；B. If如果；C. As当……的时候；随着；D. Though通过。根据下文plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏) as people moved into new places.可知，这里是当……的时候；随着。根据题意，故选C。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 句意：随着时间的推移，人们开始意识到保护地球及其自然资源的必要性。‎ A. forget忘记；B. see看见；C. remember记住；D. get得到。根据下文protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源)可知这里是说开始看到。根据题意，故选B。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 句意：人们联合起来告诉世界各地的其他人们保护我们的自然资源和保护地球。‎ A. them他们；B. other 其他的；C. another另一个；D. others别的，其他的，代词。根据下文around the world to conserve(节约) our natural resources and care for the Earth可知，这里是说全世界的其他人们。根据题意，故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空题与单项选择题不同，它给出的是一篇意思较为完整的短文。做该题型试题时，首先应跳过空格通读全文，以全文为背景，联系句子的上下文进行推理和判断，从4个选项中选出一项进行试填。考生可以从词义用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理和上下文的联系等方面去考虑。最后应再把全文通览一遍，细心检查所选答案能否使短文上下连贯，前后呼应，词句通顺，使短文意思完整。检查时还应从语法、惯用法、逻辑推理和事情发生的情节等方面进行考虑，以达到准确无误之目的。如第4小题，是名词辨析。句意：住在城市的人比住在农场的人多。A. mountains山脉；B. rivers河水；C. grasslands草原；D. farms农场。根据上文more people lived in cities可知下文是说农场。根据题意，故选D。‎ 阅读理解 ‎ A Like you，plants need good things like food，water，and minerals in order to grow. Usually they get these important nutrients(营养) from the rich soil(土壤) in which they're planted. But there's another way to grow plants that doesn't use soil. It's called hydrogenic gardening. ‎ ‎“Hydrogenic” means “working with water. ” In a hydrogenic garden，plants grow with their roots in water， not in dirt. The water is filled with special food for the plants that gardeners have carefully measured and prepared. ‎ Hydrogenic plants grow quickly. In ordinary gardens，plants need time and energy to grow long roots that search the soil for food and water. In a hydrogenic garden，plants can use their energy to grow tall instead. And because there is no soil， there are no weeds and few insect pests(害虫). Gardeners don't need to spray(喷洒) plants with dangerous chemicals. Both the plants and the environment stay healthy. ‎ Scientists hope that，one day，hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food-even in countries that have bad soil，or weather that is too hot，too cold，or too dry. And astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens with them to the spaceship they fly to Mars，so that they will always have fresh vegetables，and the fun of growing a garden without dirt.‎ ‎11. What's the meaning of the underlined word “dirt” in the second paragraph?‎ A. soil B. water C. insect D. food ‎12. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Plants need water and other nutrients to grow. B. There are no weeds inhydrogenic gardens.‎ C. Hydrogenic plants cannot grow in too hot weather. D. Astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens to space.‎ ‎13. What's the passage about?‎ A. Plant growing. B. Space farming. C. Scientific watering. D. hydrogenic gardening.‎ ‎【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D ‎【解析】‎ 这篇短文主要讲述了一种方法可以种植不利用土壤的植物。它被称为氢化园艺。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 词句猜测。根据文中In a hydrogenic garden，plants grow with their roots in water可知下文dirt的意思是“土壤”。故选A。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断。根据题意one day，hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow ‎ enough food-even in countries that have bad soil，or weather that is too hot，too cold，or too dry.可知，选项C是错误，水生植物不能在太热的天气里生长，这个说法是错误的。故选C。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 主旨大意。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述氢化园艺。故选D。‎ B Can you imagine walking in, sitting next to a stranger and asking for the latest news or putting a recent novel down next to someone's coffee and asking for their opinion before giving yours?‎ But more than 300 years ago, this kind of behaviour was encouraged in thousands of coffeehouses all over London. In 1712, the Starbucks site(位置) today was occupied(占据) by Button's coffeehouse Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night. On the wall, near where the Starbucks community notice board now stands, was the white marble(大理石) head of a lion with wide-open mouth. The public was invited to feed it with letters and stories. The best of the lion's digest(文摘) were published in a weekly edition of Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper, named “the roaring of the lion”. ‎ Today, few people know Button's. It's just one of London's forgotten coffeehouses. ‎ London's first coffeehouse was opened by a Greek named Pasque Rosee in 1652. While a servant for a British merchant in Turkey, Rosee developed a taste for the exotic(异国情调的) Turkish drink and decided to import(进口) it to London. People from all walks of life came to his business to meet, greet, drink, think, write, and joke.‎ ‎14. Where was the white marble lion head?‎ A. In the backyard of the Starbucks.‎ B. On the Button's long wooden tables.‎ C. In Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper.‎ D. On the wall of Button's coffeehouse.‎ ‎15. How often was “the roaring of the lion” published?‎ A. Every day B. Every week. C. Every month D. Every year ‎16. What kind of coffee did Pasque Rosee import to London?‎ A. Turkish coffee. B. Black coffee. C. White coffee D. Sweet coffee.‎ ‎17. What can we infer(推断) from the passage？‎ A. People could hardly found a coffeehouse in 1712 in London.‎ B. Starbucks， Button's and Rosee's were famous coffeehouses of London in 1700s.‎ C. Button's was usually noisy and crowded at night 300 hundred years ago.‎ D. Only businessmen enjoyed the exotic coffee at Pasque Rosee's ‎【答案】14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C ‎【解析】‎ 分析】‎ 这篇短文主要讲述了伦敦咖啡馆所推荐的一些活动和人们的在咖啡馆中的日常生活。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文中Button's coffeehouse Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night. On the wall, near where the Starbucks community notice board now stands, was the white marble(大理石) head of a lion with wide-open mouth.可知，白色大理石狮子头在巴顿咖啡馆的墙上。故选D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文中The best of the lion's digest(文摘) were published in a weekly edition of Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper, named “the roaring of the lion”. 可知，“the roaring of the lion”每周出版一次。故选B。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文中Turkish drink and decided to import(进口) it to London. People from all walks of life came to his business to meet, greet, drink, think, write, and joke.可知，土耳其咖啡。‎ 故选A。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文中But more than 300 years ago, this kind of behaviour was encouraged in thousands of coffeehouses all over London. In 1712, the Starbucks site(位置) today was occupied(占据) by Button's coffeehouse Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night可知，三百年前的晚上，巴顿家总是吵吵闹闹，人满为患。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】1、平心静气审题，切忌粗心。在解答阅读题时，千万不要慌，要静下心来，按照由易到难，由浅入深的思维方式，先从容易的入手，逐渐的打开思路。‎ ‎2‎ ‎、仔细研读语段，整体感知文章内容。通常阅读一篇文章，第一遍需要速读，首先要重点理解文章的体裁是记叙文还是说明文。答题时切忌文章都没完整的阅读过，就匆匆忙忙地写答案。最好先把文章从头到尾通读一遍，对文章有一个整体的认识和理解。‎ ‎3、巧妙借助"原话"，确定解题空间。在通读全文的基础上，将要回答的问题放到阅读的文章中来，再去浏览所要回答的试题，经过初步的思考，确定解决问题的阅读空间。‎ 在做题中需要一些推理，如第4小题，需要文中But more than 300 years ago, this kind of behaviour was encouraged in thousands of coffeehouses all over London….及Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night来推断出来。‎ C 根据短文内容，从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。‎ I did not grow up in a family with books.___18___My process of being a reader seemed amazing. I got lost in one book that opened up my world and changed my life.‎ My primary school teacher always gave her pupils time to read for pleasure in school. She believed it would improve reading greatly.___19___ It was a biography(传记) of actress Greta Garbo. I picked it up and began to read from cover to cover. The words I read attracted(吸引) me and I was excited. I realized that there were other women like Greta who had made great efforts and changed their lives. I recognized(认识) myself in her.‎ From then on, my teacher had a hard time keeping me supplied(提供) with books. She dug up all the biographies of women that she could find.____20____‎ It has been a long road. I am now a physics professor in a university. ___21___Recently, someone gave me Justice Sonia Sotomayor's autobiography. Once again, I am encouraged and am imagining new possibilities for my life. ‎ A. Most of my time is spent reading scientific literature. ‎ B. Their stories were like road maps that allowed me to see where I could go on with my life. ‎ C. In my home, there was neither time nor energy to read. ‎ D. Reading plays an important role in my life. ‎ E. One day, she put a book on my desk.‎ ‎【答案】18. C 19. E ‎ ‎20. B 21. D ‎【解析】‎ 这篇短文主要讲述了作者小时候没有时间和精力去读书，以及后来是如何爱上读书的。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ I did not grow up in a family with books.及下文My process of being a reader seemed amazing.可知这里是In my home, there was neither time nor energy to read. 在我家里，既没有时间也没有精力看书。故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据下文It was a biography(传记) of actress Greta Garbo. I picked it up and began to read from cover to cover可知上文是One day, she put a book on my desk.一天，她把一本书放在我的桌子上。故选E。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据上文From then on, my teacher had a hard time keeping me supplied(提供) with books. She dug up all the biographies of women that she could find可知下文是Their stories were like road maps that allowed me to see where I could go on with my life. 他们的故事就像是路线图，让我知道我的生活在哪里。故选B。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 根据上文It has been a long road. I am now a physics professor in a university.及下文Recently, someone gave me Justice Sonia Sotomayor's autobiography. Once again, I am encouraged and am imagining new possibilities for my life. 可知这里是阅读在我的生活中起着重要的作用。故选D。‎ D 阅读材料，将22-26小题中五位同学遇到的烦恼与专家所给的建议A-E进行匹配。‎ ‎22. One of my friends sometimes takes aside another friend to talk to her about something she doesn't want me to hear. It makes me feel sad. What should I do? ‎ ‎23. Some of my friends are in a fight. like them all equally(同样地), but they say I have to choose sides. Help! ‎ ‎24.I look up to my sisters. They're both intelligent(聪明的) feel that I'll never be as good as them. ‎ ‎25.I am the shortest person in my class, and my classmates call me “Tiny Mouse. ” How can I make them stop? ‎ ‎26. I always use the computer and can't stop I feel that I'm not getting any smarter and the computer is warping(扭曲) my brain. ‎ A. It's wonderful that you admire them. but try not to compare yourself to them. Instead of trying to be like them， just try to be the best you possible. You will find that you will be much happier when you try to be true to yourself， rather than when you try to be like someone else. ‎ B. The only way to break a habit is to force yourself to do something different. A world of exciting and interesting activities is just waiting for you. Write a list of things you've always wanted to do, learn, make, or try. When you f eel like playing it, do something else. ‎ C. Discuss this with her. Try not to suppose that she talks about you unless you actually hear what she says. But let her know that you are unhappy when she tells secrets around you. If you feel uncomfortable talking to her in person， you could write her a note instead. ‎ D. We often hear from kids who are laughed at about their height. They probably don't mean to hurt your feelings. There are advantages and disadvantages to being any size. You might play along and come up with a funny reply. However, if you feel hurt, try talking to a parent or teacher. ‎ E. Explain to your friends that you like all of them. You can play with each person or group separately. If they don't like this then you may want to focus on other friendships until these friends work things out. Another idea is to offer to help your friends solve their problems.‎ ‎22. ______‎ ‎23. ______‎ ‎24. _______‎ ‎25. _______‎ ‎26. _______‎ ‎【答案】22. C 23. E ‎ ‎24. A 25. D ‎ ‎26. B ‎【解析】‎ 五位同学遇到的烦恼，专家所给相应的建议。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 根据One of my friends sometimes takes aside another friend to talk to her about something she doesn't want me to hear. It makes me feel sad. What should I do? 我的一个朋友有时会把另一个朋友带到一边，和她谈论一些她不想让我听到的事情。这让我感到难过。我该怎么办？下文中选项C的建议不错，Discuss this with her. Try not to suppose that she talks about you unless you actually hear what she says. But let her know that you are unhappy when she tells secrets around you. If you feel uncomfortable talking to her in person， you could write her a note instead. 和她讨论这个。不要以为她在谈论你，除非你真的听到她说的话。但当她告诉你身边的秘密时，让她知道你不开心。如果你觉得和她当面谈话不舒服，你可以给她写张便条。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 根据问题Some of my friends are in a fight. like them all equally(同样地), but they say I have to choose sides. Help! 我的一些朋友在打架。像他们一样，但他们说我必须选择一面。救命！ 选项E的建议合适：Explain to your friends that you like all of them. You can play with each person or group separately. If they don't like this, then you may want to focus on other friendships until these friends work things out. Another idea is to offer to help your friends solve their problems.向你的朋友解释你喜欢他们。你可以单独和每个人或小组一起玩。如果他们不喜欢这样，那么你可能会把注意力放在其他的友谊上，直到这些朋友解决问题。另一个想法是帮助你的朋友解决他们的问题。故选E。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 根据问题I look up to my sisters. They're both intelligent(聪明的) feel that I'll never be as good as them. 我羡慕我的姐妹们。她们都很聪明，觉得我永远不会像她们一样好。选项A的建议合适，It's wonderful that you admire them. but try not to compare yourself to them. Instead of trying to be like them， just try to be the best you possible. You will find that you will be much happier when you try to be true to yourself， rather than when you try to be like someone else. 你佩服她们真是太好了。但不要把自己和她们比较。不要试图像她们一样，只要尽你所能做到最好。你会发现，当你试图对自己诚实时，你会更快乐，而不是当你试图像别人一样时。 故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 问题I am the shortest person in my class, and my classmates call me “Tiny Mouse. ” How can I make them stop? 我是班上最矮的人，我的同学叫我“小老鼠”。“我怎样才能让他们停下来？选项D建议合适，我们经常听到孩子们嘲笑他们的身高。他们可能并不想伤害你的感情。任何尺寸都有优点和缺点。你可以随机应变，想出一个有趣的回答。但是，如果你感到受伤，试着和父母或老师交谈。故选D。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 问题I always use the computer and can't stop I feel that I'm not getting any smarter and the computer is warping(扭曲) my brain. 我总是用电脑，无法停止，我觉得我没有变得更聪明，电脑扭曲了我的大脑。选项B建议合适，打破习惯的唯一方法就是强迫自己做一些不同的事情。一个充满刺激和有趣的活动的世界正在等着你。列出你一直想做、学、做或尝试的事情。当你想玩的时候，做点别的。故选B。‎ 第Ⅱ卷 非选择题 ‎ 选词填空 根据短文内容，选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项只用一次，有两项剩余。 ‎ want best slowly until when happiness facing in still now high not My Dear Azhaan,‎ I want you to know that you remind me of myself in so many ways. You are like a better and Improved version(版本) of me. I look at you and I see myself .___27___your eyes. I wish I had that confidence(信心) and even some of your bossiness(霸气) at that age. Yet, I'm also troubled on seeing this confidence ___28___ disappearing, because you are ___29___ many different things. I want you to know that your confidence is one of the___30___things about you. All of us admire your confidence. However, you are___31___confident enough these days, because you are beginning to dislike your own body.‎ You are not fat. I agree that you could be a little healthier. You could eat a little less junk food. However, I don't know when you'll begin to enjoy fruits, but I believe that you will.‎ I think one of the moments of___32___for me was when you were born, and the doctor said, “Congratulations， you have another baby boy,” not because you were a boy but because you were healthy.‎ You're too young to understand this ___33___ no one realizes the importance of a normal life ___34___it is away from them. What I___35___ for you is happiness: the understanding that you are not perfect and that it is okay because none of us is!‎ Stay confident and keep your head ___36___, my little boy-who is growing up too soon!‎ Love, Ammi ‎【答案】27. in 28. slowly ‎ ‎29. facing 30. best ‎ ‎31. not 32. happiness ‎ ‎33. now 34. until ‎ ‎35. want 36. high ‎【解析】‎ 这是一封信，Ammi写给Azhaan的一封信，信中是母亲对孩子Azhaan鼓励的话语，让他更自信，更快乐。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 句意：我看见你并且看到你眼中的我自己。在某人的眼里，用介词in。in your eyes表示在你的眼里。根据句意，故填in。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 句意：然而，我也很难看到这种信心慢慢消失，因为你面临着许多不同的事情。‎ 根据下文because you are ___3___ many different things.可知上文是说慢慢消失，这里用slowly，意思是“慢慢地”，根据句意，故填slowly。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 句意：然而，我也很难看到这种信心慢慢消失，因为你面临着许多不同的事情。‎ 这里是现在进行时，其结构是be doing的形式，face的现在分词是facing。根据题意，故填facing。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 句意：我想让你知道，你的自信是你最好的一面之一。‎ One of the best things表示最好的事情之一。根据句意，故填best。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 句意：然而，这些天你还不够自信，因为你开始讨厌自己的身体。‎ 根据下文because you are beginning to dislike your own body.可知上文是否定形式。根据题意，故填not。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 句意：我认为对我来说最幸福的时刻之一是你出生的时候。‎ 这里是说幸福时刻，用名词happiness，意思是“幸福”。根据题意，故填happiness。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 句意：现在没有人意识到正常生活的重要性，除非它远离他们。‎ 根据下文no one realizes the importance of a normal life ___8___it is away from them.可知，这里是说现在，now的意思是“现在”。根据题意，故填now ‎【34题详解】‎ 句意：现在没有人意识到正常生活的重要性，直到它远离他们。‎ 这里是until引导的时间状语从句，意思是“直到”，根据句意，故填until。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 句意：我要给你是幸福：理解你不是完美的，这是好的，因为我们都不是！‎ What I want for you表示我想给你的是……。根据句意，故填want。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 句意：保持自信，昂首挺胸，我的已经长得太快了的小男孩！‎ keep your head high表示昂首挺胸。故填high 语法填空 ‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ Ernest Hemingway, the son of a doctor and a music teacher, was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. Hemingway's father___37___(teach) him early on how to hunt and fish，two activities Hemingway loved throughout his life. Instead of ___38___(go) to college, Hemingway became a reporter for the Kansas City Star.‎ Later, in Europe, he worked as a driver ___39___ the Italian army until he was wounded and shipped home, where he again wrote for newspapers. Two years ___40___, he moved to Paris, where he hoped to improve his writing. There he became friends with other ___41___(America) writers, including Gertrude Stein and F. Scott Fitzgerald.‎ Hemingway developed ___42___ style of writing that was simple and direct. He chose words sparingly(俭省地), avoided using adjectives, and trusted the reader to understand ___43___(mean) of his writing. As he put it, “I always try ___44___(write) on the principle(原则) of the iceberg(冰山). There is seven eighths of it under water for every part that shows. ” This style continues to influence Writers today. In his career(生涯), which lasted some 40 years, Hemingway earned the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize. He was one of the finest writers of the___45___(twenty) century.‎ For a while Emest Hemingway lived in Key West, Florida, where he had nearly 50 cats. One of them was a cat with six toes(脚趾), which a ship's captain had given him. Today his Key West home is a museum, and many cats still live there. Some of them are ___46___(child) of Hemingway's six-toed cat. Hemingway was married four times and had three sons. He died in 1961.‎ ‎【答案】37. taught ‎ ‎38. going 39. for ‎ ‎40. later 41. American ‎ ‎42. a 43. meaning ‎ ‎44. to write ‎ ‎45. twentieth ‎ ‎46. Children ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这篇短文主要讲述了著名的作家海明威的生平介绍。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ ‎.句意：海明威的父亲很早就教他如何打猎和捕鱼，海明威一生都喜欢这两项活动。‎ 根据下文how to hunt and fish，two activities Hemingway loved throughout his life.可知这里海明威的父亲教他如何打猎和捕鱼。整个文章都是一般过去时态，这里用teach的过去式是taught。根据句意，故填taught。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 句意：海明威没有上大学，而是成为堪萨斯城明星的记者。‎ Instead of代替，而不是，后加名词，代词，动名词。根据句意，故填going。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 句意：后来，在欧洲，他为意大利军队当司机，直到他受伤并被运回家，在那里他再次为报纸写作。‎ 这里是说为……工作，这里用介词for。根据题意，故填for。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 句意：两年后，他搬到巴黎，希望在那里提高写作水平。‎ 一段时间+later表示多长时间之后。根据句意，故填later。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 句意：在那里，他成了其他美国作家的朋友，包括格特鲁德斯坦和菲茨杰拉德。‎ 这里是形容词作定语修饰writers，这里用America的形容词American，意思是“美国人的”，根据句意，故填American。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 句意：海明威发展了一种简单直接的写作风格。‎ 这里是说泛指，style的首字母是以辅音音素开头，这里用不定冠词a。根据题意，故填a。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 句意：他谨慎地选择单词，避免使用形容词，并相信读者理解他的写作含义。‎ 这里是说理解他写的意思。这里用mean的名词meaning，意思是“意思”，根据句意，故填meaning。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 句意：我总是试着写冰山原理。‎ 短语try to do sth.表示设法去做某事。根据句意，故填to write。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 句意：他是二十世纪最优秀的作家之一。‎ 表示第几个世纪用序数词，twenty的序数词是twentieth，根据句意，故填twentieth。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 句意：其中一些是海明威六趾猫的孩子。‎ 根据上文Today his Key West home is a museum, and many cats still live there.可知这里是说海明威六趾猫的孩子们，这里用child的复数形式Children，意思是“孩子们”，根据句意，故填Children。‎ ‎【点睛】1. 通读短文知大意,看整体全面了解 与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样,首先要通读短文,了解文章的大意.每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应.因此通读全文时要一气呵成,只要能了解短文的大意即可,细节不理解可以跳过.因此,在解题之前通读一遍短文,目的是对文章有个全面的了解,弄清其中心思想和大意.‎ ‎2. 复读短文抓信息,前后照应巧猜词 在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文,目的是对短文有更进一步的了解.在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想.在阅读过程中,要注意上、下文的关系,这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处.另外,要学会跳读,即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式,待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法.有些短文填空题,有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的,这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测,来确定它的词义.‎ 再次通读短文,对留空的句子进行全面的分析,看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义.这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读,要留心找出关键词、短语或句子,还要结合所给首字母的提示,进行填写,并注意单词的正确形式.如第9小题，句意：他是二十世纪最优秀的作家之一。表示第几个世纪用序数词，twenty的序数词是twentieth，根据句意，故填twentieth。‎ 阅读表达 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 ‎ Around the world, people live in homes of many shapes and sizes. In some countryside, people live together with their family in a huge house with gardens or backyards. On the other hand, the buildings in cities are usually very close together.‎ A home can be any kind of building- large or small. Some people even have homes on boats, in tents or in caravans that can be moved around. Caravans are mobile homes. They are towed(拖，拉) by either a car or a huge truck. Some of them are holiday homes. We can see many families staying together in these caravans.‎ In the past, rich and important people built strong castles to keep their families safe. The castles(城堡) were built on hill tops with high walls and some even had moats. Moats were deep and wide ditches(壕沟) filled with water. They made it difficult for enemies to attack.‎ Today, we have different ways of protecting our homes. Some homes are installed(安装) with video cameras and an alarm system. These will help to alert(向……报警) home owners if someone tries to break in.‎ Homes are important to all the people. Everyone needs a home where they feel sheltered and safe.‎ ‎47. How are the buildings in cities? ‎ ‎ ________________________________________________________‎ ‎48. What is used to tow the caravans? ‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎49. Who built castles to keep their families safe in the past? ‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎50. Why were moats built? ‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎51. What do people use to protect their homes today? ‎ ‎_________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】47. They are usually very close together. ‎ ‎48. Either a car or a huge truck. ‎ ‎49. Rich people. ‎ ‎50. Because they made it difficult for enemies to attack. ‎ ‎51. Video cameras and an alarm system.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这篇短文主要讲述了家的形式和样式是不同的，家对所有人都很重要。每个人都需要一个他们感到庇护和安全的家。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据文中On the other hand, the buildings in cities are usually very close together.可知，他们通常挨的很近。故填They are usually very close together.‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据文中Caravans are mobile homes. They are towed(拖，拉) by either a car or a huge truck可知，不是汽车就是大卡车。故填Either a car or a huge truck.‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据文中In the past, rich and important people built strong castles to keep their families safe.‎ 可知，这里是说是富人们。故填Rich people.‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据文中Moats were deep and wide ditches(壕沟) filled with water. They made it difficult for enemies to attack.可知，因为它们让敌人很难进攻。故填Because they made it difficult for enemies to attack.‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 根据文中Today, we have different ways of protecting our homes. Some homes are installed(安装) with video cameras and an alarm system. These will help to alert(向……报警) home owners if someone tries to break in.可知，摄像机和报警系统。故填Video cameras and an alarm system.‎ ‎52.书面表达 ‎ 假定你是李明，你的英国朋友约翰想了解你参加社会实践活动或研学旅行方面的情况。请用英文给他写一封100词左右的电子邮件，介绍一次你参加的这样的活动。要点如下： ‎ ‎1. 你参加了什么活动；2.你做了什么；3.你学到了什么。 ‎ 注意：1. 书写规范，表达连贯，可根据内容适当发挥；2. 文中不得出现真实的地区、学校及姓名；3. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ ‎【答案】‎ Dear John, ‎ Thanks for your last e-mail. Now I'm writing to tell you something about a trip called “Be a Kid in the Mountains” I had last summer. ‎ After the end of term examination, Mr. Li, our head teacher, took us to join a trip called “Be a Kid in the Mountains”. We stayed in a mountain for five days. In the daytime, we can go hiking and do some teamwork. In the evening, we can do such activities as “popular games and group dance around the fire. It was such an unusual experience that we forgot about computers, homework and even our parents. From the trip, I learned how to team with others and we could achieve what we want by ourselves. ‎ What do you think of my trip? Please write to me and share something unforgettable with me! ‎ Yours, ‎ Li Ming ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】‎ 假定你是李明，你的英国朋友约翰想了解你参加社会实践活动或研学旅行方面的情况。请用英文给他写一封100词左右的电子邮件，介绍一次你参加的这样的活动。本文所给材料比较详细，我们要做的就是用正确的英语把这些内容表达出来。动笔前要认真阅读材料，不可遗漏要点，并适当发挥。根据材料内容可知本文主要确定时态和人称的准确性，注意时态语时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。‎ ‎【点睛】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如：We stayed in a mountain for five days. In the daytime, we can go hiking and do some teamwork.； In the evening, we can do such activities as “popular games and group dance around the fire.平时在学习中应注意收集一些好的句型或短语。‎