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新教材高中英语Unit4课件 人教版必修第二册
Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS Section B Reading and Thinking 核心词汇 词汇一 puzzle ( 1 ) n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问 ( 2 ) vt. 迷惑;使困惑 ◆教材原句 Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle . 了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。 ◆要点必记 solve a puzzle 解决难题 in a puzzle 不知如何是好,感到困惑 puzzle over/about 苦苦思索 crossword puzzle 填字游戏 ◆词语积累 puzzlement n. 迷惑,困惑 puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的 puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 说明: -ing 形容词常说明事物的性质; -ed 形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等。 题组练 · 领悟方法 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The girl looked at me with a expression. Maybe the problem was quite . ( puzzle ) ( 2 ) Facing the situation , the chief manager looked . ( puzzle ) ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) People have long (苦苦思索) how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. ( 4 ) Jack (感到困惑) that Nicholas didn’t seem to recognize him. ( 5 ) I explained the (令人困惑的问题) carefully , but from his (迷惑的表情), I knew he was still in (困惑) . puzzled puzzling puzzling puzzled puzzled over/ about was/felt puzzled puzzling question puzzled look a puzzle 词汇二 join... to... 把 …… 和 …… 连接或联结起来 ◆要点必记 join A to/and B 把 A 和 B 连接起来 connect... to/with/and... 把 …… 与 …… 连接起来(具体含义) join in 参加;加入 join ( with ) sb. in doing sth. 和某人一起做某事 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 )[词汇复现] Every individual or group is joined the world by the Internet. ( 2 ) In the evening there was a barbecue , with the whole village ( join ) in the fun. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) one section of pipe (把 …… 和 …… 连接起来) the next. to joining Join to/and 词汇三 break away ( from sb./sth. )( 1 )脱离 ( 2 )背叛 ( 3 )逃脱 ◆教材原句 Finally , in the 20th century , the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK , which resulted in the full name we have today... 最后,在 20 世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离英国,形成了我们今天的全称 …… ◆要点必记 break down 出故障;垮掉;失败 break into 强行闯入 break in (强行进入)打断,搅扰 break through 突破 break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发 break up (团体)解散;(关系)破裂 ◆单句写作 ( 1 ) With so many problems unsettled , a few countries wanted to (脱离) the Union. ( 2 ) The boy (挣脱) his mother and ran away. ◆单句语法填空 ( 3 ) The Union first consisted of several countries , one of which broke away it later because of conflicts. ( 4 ) It was the fact that his car broke on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting. ( 5 ) The fire broke during the day , and therefore almost no one was injured. break away from broke away from from down out 词汇四 result in 导致,造成 ◆教材原句 Finally , in the 20th century , the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK , which resulted in the full name we have today... 最后,在 20 世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离英国,形成了我们今天的全称 …… ◆要点必记 result in 导致,造成 result from 由于 as a result 因此,结果 as a result of 由于 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The terrible accident resulted careless driving. ( 2 )[词汇复现] The accident resulted heavy losses because many cultural relics were destroyed. ( 3 ) He studies very hard. As result , he now speaks brilliant English. ( 4 ) He has a preference for literature as a result the influence from his mother. ◆句型转换 ( 5 ) His failure resulted from not working hard enough. = _______________________________________________________________________ from in a of Not working hard enough resulted in his failure. 词汇五 refer to... as 把 …… 称为 …… ◆教材原句 People from the UK are called “British” , which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. 来自英国的人被称为“ British” ,这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) refer to 指的是;提到;涉及;参考 refer to his experiences 谈到他的经历 refer to the problem about society 涉及社会问题 refer to a dictionary 查字典 refer to your notes 参考一下你的笔记 refer... to... 把 …… 提交 …… ;把 …… 归功于 …… ;把 …… 称作 …… ( 2 ) for future reference 供日后参考 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) Who do you think the teacher is referring ? ( 2 ) The scientist referred to the discovery the most exciting new development in this field. ( 3 ) Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ( refer ) . ◆单句写作 ( 4 ) Some scientific stories this book (提及) have come true now. ( 5 ) When reading , you’d better avoid (查阅字典) too often. ( 6 ) Coal (通常被称作) a fossil fuel. ( 7 ) Put down the names of the products in your notebook (供日后参考) . to as reference refers to referring to your dictionary is usually referred to as for future reference 词汇六 belong to ( 1 )属于(某人)( 2 )是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员 ( 3 )是(某族类或纲目)的一部分 ◆教材原句 The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 所属英国的四个部分在一些领域进行了合作。 ◆要点必记 belong vi. 应在(某处);适应 belongings n. ( pl. )所有物;财产,财物 personal belongings 个人财物,私人用品 ◆学法点拨 ( 1 ) belong to 既不能用于被动语态,也 不能用于进行时态。但可用 belong to 的现在分词形式作后置定语。 ( 2 ) to 是介词,后面可跟名词或代词作 宾语。 ◆单句写作 ( 1 ) Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future (属于) the well-educated. ( 2 ) He was upset that the valuable watch (属于他的) was lost yesterday. ◆单句语法填空 ( 3 ) The old house ( belong ) to my grandfather was still in good condition. ( 4 ) I just escaped from the flood and all my ( belong ) were swept away. ( 5 )[词汇复现] If someone belongs a particular group , he or she is a member of that group. belongs to belonging to him belonging belongings to 词汇七 as well as ( 1 )同(一样也) ( 2 )和;还 ◆教材原句 They use the same flag , known as the Union Jack , as well as share the same currency and military defence . 他们使用同样的国旗,即英国国旗,还使用同样的货币和军事防御。 ◆要点必记 A as well as/together with/along with B + 谓语动词 + 其他,谓语动词的单复数由 A 决定 ◆学法点拨 not only A but also B 不但 A …… 而且 B …… (强调 B ) A as well as B 不但 B …… 而且 A …… (强调 A ) ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) Peter as well as his friends ( like ) to listen to classical music. ( 2 ) Not only he but also his brothers ( work ) like mad at the moment. ( 3 )[词汇复现] He gave me some good tips as well some warnings. ( 4 ) Dr Smith , as well as his wife and daughters , ( be ) going to visit Beijing this summer. ◆一句多译 他不但种花,而且种菜。 ( 5 ) He grows vegetables flowers. ( 6 ) He grows vegetables flowers. likes are working as is as well as not only but also 词汇八 defence n. 防御;保卫 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) in defence of 为 …… 辩护;捍卫,保卫 build up a defence 筑起一道防线 defence against 抵御 …… in one’s defence 站在某人一边;为某人辩护 come to one’s defence 出来保护某人 ( 2 ) defend vt. 保护;保卫 defend... from/against... 保护 …… 免受伤害;保卫 …… defend oneself against... 为自己辩护 ◆误区警示 defence 后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者” 时,介词用 against ;若接“被保护者”,则介词用 of 。 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The town walls were built as a defence enemy attacks. ( 2 ) Two rescue workers came to his ( defend ) when the accident happened. ( 3 ) All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves the sudden attacks. ◆单句写作 ( 4 ) Mr Green stood up (为 …… 辩护) the little boy , saying that he was not the one to blame. ( 5 ) Thousands of young men came forward , willing to (保卫他们的国家) . ( 6 ) I have to say (为她辩护) that she knew nothing about the incident at first. against defence from/against in defence of defend their country in her defence 词汇九 legal adj. 法律的;合法的 ◆教材原句 ...all have different education systems and legal systems. …… 都有不同的教育体系和法律体系。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) legal rights 合法权利 the legal profession/system 法律专业 / 体系 take legal advice 听取法律方面的建议 over the legal limit 超出法律允许范围 legal documents 法律文件 a legal adviser 法律顾问 ( 2 ) illegal 非法的,违法的 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The judge said that it was not legal ( attack ) other people with violence. ( 2 ) He was arrested for possession of ( legal ) drugs. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) 他们参与了非法活动。 They were involved in . ( 4 ) 今天,越来越多的妇女学会站起来捍卫她们的合法权利。 More and more women today have learned to arise . to attack illegal illegal activities in defence of their legal rights 词汇十 surround vt. 围绕;包围 ◆教材原句 ...you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. …… 你都会被四个不同群体的证据所包围,他们在不同的历史时期接管了英国。 ◆要点必记 be surrounded by/with... 被 …… 环绕 / 包围 ◆词语积累 surrounding adj. 周围的,附近的(只用于名词前) surroundings n. (复数)环境 ◆单句写作 ( 1 ) The garden (由 …… 包围着) a hedge in which many small creatures can live. ◆单句语法填空 ( 2 )[词汇复现] The poet was surrounded a crowd of people , eager to hear his speech. ( 3 ) Mrs White found her husband ( surround ) by letters and papers and looking very worried. ( 4 ) ( surround ) by the clear waters , this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild. ( 5 ) They live in a beautiful village , with many trees and flowers ( surround ) it. is surrounded by/with by surrounded Surrounded surrounding 词汇十一 evidence n. 证据;证明 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) good/clear/strong evidence 充分的 / 明显的 / 有力的证据 gather/collect evidence 收集证据 look for/search for evidence 寻找 / 搜寻证据 hide evidence 隐藏证据 There is evidence that... 有证据表明 …… medical/scientific evidence 医学 / 科学证据 give evidence (出庭)作证 ( 2 ) evident adj. 明显的,显然的 It is evident that... 很明显 …… ◆误区警示 一件证据 a piece of evidence (√) an evidence ( × ) ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) Evidence has been found through years of study children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. ( 2 ) All the scientific evidence ( show ) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ( be ) damaging our health. ( 3 ) It is ( evidence ) that smoking is harmful to health. ◆单句写作 ( 4 ) (有 证 据 表 明) the ship sank in a bomb attack. ( 5 ) (很明显) the man is highly thought of in the company. that shows is evident There is evidence that It is evident that 词汇十二 achievement n. ( 1 )[ C ]成就,成绩 ( 2 )[ U ]达到 ◆教材原句 Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. 他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) quite an achievement 了不起的成就 a sense of achievement 成就感 make an achievement/make achievements 做出成就 ( 2 ) achieve success 获得成功 achieve one’s aim/goal 达到目的 / 实现目标 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) They felt a great sense of to see their children’s . ( achieve ) ◆单句写作 ( 2 )[词汇复现] The evidence shows that they _______________________________ (已经做出巨大成就) in many ways. ( 3 ) His laziness makes it impossible for him to (获得成功) . ( 4 ) He finally (实现他的目标) of being a scientist after years of struggle. achievement achievements have made great achievements achieve success achieved his goal 词汇十三 include doing sth. 包含做某事 ◆教材原句 Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. 他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。 ◆要点必记 include vt. 包括 including prep. 包括,包含 included adj. 被包括的 ◆误区警示 including 是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词; included 是形容词,意为“包括在内的”,作后置定语。 包括两名同学: including two schoolmates two schoolmates included ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 )[ 2018· 全国 Ⅲ 卷] The classroom is a place for learning and that includes ( learn ) from textbooks , and mistakes as well. ( 2 ) In total 200 students went for the picnic , ( include ) some from No. 3 Middle School. ( 3 ) The container contains many kinds of fruits , apples ( include ) . ( 4 ) There were five of us , ( include ) a photographer and a cosmonaut. ( 5 ) As an adult you have a responsibility to look out for your children , which includes ( have ) some fun together. learning including included including having 词汇十四 location n. 地方 ◆教材原句 ...left behind lots of new vocabulary , and also the names of many locations across the UK. …… 留下了很多新词汇,以及英国许多地方的名字。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) the location of the factory 工厂的位置 the exact/precise location 确切位置 ( 2 ) locate vt. 坐落于;位于;找出 …… 的 位置 be located in/on 坐落于,位于 locate Berlin on the map 在地图上找到柏林 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 )[词汇复现] The ancient people built towers in different ( locate ) for military defence . ( 2 ) China ( locate ) in the east of Asia with the area of 9 , 600 , 000 square kilometres. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) Mount Huang (位于) Anhui Province. ( 4 ) The centre many historical sites. (这个中心位于很容易到达许多古迹的地方。) locations is located is located in is located within easy reach of 词汇十五 battle ( 1 ) n. 战役;搏斗 ( 2 ) vi. & vt. 搏斗;奋斗 ◆教材原句 They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. 他们在 11 世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。 ◆要点必记 a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争 a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争 fight a... battle 打 …… 的仗 win/lose a battle 打赢 / 输掉一场仗 accept the battle 应战 battle against/with 与 …… 战斗 battle for 为 …… 而战,为 …… 而奋斗 ◆汉译英 ( 1 ) 和困难作斗争 ________________________________ ( 2 ) 争夺时间之战 ________________________________ ( 3 ) 为争取同等权利而战 ________________________________ ( 4 ) 为正义而斗争 ________________________________ ( 5 ) 为生存而战 ________________________________ ◆单句写作 ( 6 ) She has (与 …… 抗争) cancer for two years. ( 7 ) The police are (与 …… 进行艰苦的斗争) crime. battle against difficulties battle against time battle for equal rights battle for justice battle for life battled against fighting a tough battle against 词汇十六 date back ( to )追溯到 ◆教材原句 ...as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. …… 因为它是一个古老的港口城市,它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) date back to“ 追溯到”,相当于 date from ,后接时间点。 ( 2 )两者都不能用于被动语态和进行时 态,而通常用于一般现在时。 ( 3 )常用现在分词形式作定语。 ◆归纳拓展 out of date 过时 up to date 最新的,新式的 to date 迄今,到目前为止 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 ) The art of paper-cutting in China may date back the second century. ( 2 ) On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple ( date ) from the Tang Dynasty. ◆单句写作 ( 3 ) My family has a vase , which is said to (追溯到) the Ming Dynasty. ( 4 ) The building (追溯到) Roman times has been rebuilt recently. ( 5 ) The dictionary is (过时): many new words have been added to the language since it was published. to dating date back to dating from out of date 词汇十七 keep your eyes open ( for )留心;留意 ◆教材原句 If you keep your eyes open , you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 如果你留心,你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。 ◆要点必记 ( 1 ) keep at it 坚持干,继续苦干 keep up 保持;继续 keep up with 跟上;保持同步;和 …… 保持联系 keep back 阻止;隐瞒 keep away ( from )避免接近( …… ) keep sb. from doing... 阻止某人做 …… keep off 使 …… 不接近 keep on 继续 ( 2 ) keep fit 保持健康 keep one’s promise 履行诺言 keep in touch with 与 …… 保持联系 ◆单句语法填空 ( 1 )[词汇复现] You must keep your ( eye ) open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile . ( 2 ) Keep your eyes open a boy in a red sweater. ( 3 ) You’re walking so fast that I can’t keep up you. ( 4 ) Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese burning. eyes for with from ◆单句写作 ( 5 ) If you (留心), you can learn a great deal. ( 6 ) I know it’s hard , but (坚持下去) ! Don’t give up! ( 7 ) I got the feeling he was (隐瞒了一些事情) . ( 8 ) Many people cannot (跟上) the develop-ment of technology. keep your eyes open keep at it keeping something back keep up with 重点句式 句式一 if any 如果有的话 ◆教材原句 So what is the difference between them , if any ? 如果有区别的话,那么它们之间的区别是什么? ◆要点必记 if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样;不然,否则 if necessary 如果有必要 if possible 如果可能的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话 ◆单句写作 ( 1 ) Take the doctor’s advice. (如果是这样的话), you will overcome distractions in class. ( 2 ) I want to avoid the rush hour traffic (如果可能的话) . ( 3 ) Problems , (如果有的话), should be solved without delay. ( 4 ) Take more exercise. (不然的话), you will be overweight. ( 5 ) The island is seldom , (如果曾经有的话), visited by ships. ( 6 ) I’ll stay up all night , (如果有必要的话), to get it finished. If so if possible if any If not if ever if necessary 句式二 There be+ 主语 + 非谓语动词 . ◆教材原句 There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. 关于英国有趣的历史和文化, 还有很多要学习的。 ◆要点必记 There be+ 主语 + to do (表示动作尚未发生) There be+ 主语 +doing (表示主动和进行) There be+ 主语 + done (表示被动或完成) ◆误区警示 当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时, 不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可,有些没有意义上的区别,有些则有区别。 There is no time to lose/to be lost. 时间不容耽搁。查看更多