2019届一轮复习北师大版必修四Unit11TheMedia单元学案设计（45页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习北师大版必修四Unit11TheMedia单元学案设计（45页word解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习北师大版Unit11The media单元学案设计 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．affair n．事情，事件　　　　　　 2.approach n．方法，方式 ‎3．evidence n．证明，证据 4.photographer n．摄影师 ‎5．poverty n．贫穷，穷困 6.electricity n．电 ‎7．incident n．事件，事情 8.explanation n．解释，说明 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．demand vt.要求，请求 2.arise vi.发生；出现 ‎3．blame vt.责怪，归咎于 4.willing adj.愿意的，乐意的 ‎5．chat n．闲谈，聊天 6.scene n．场面；场景 ‎7．attempt vt.& n．尝试，试图 8.pretend vt.假装 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.respect vt.& n．尊敬，尊重→respected adj.受人敬重的→respectable adj.值得敬重的→respectful adj.恭敬的，表示尊敬的 ‎*2.delighted adj.高兴的，愉快的→delight vt.使愉快 n．快乐，高兴→delightful adj.令人高兴的 ‎3.announce vt.宣布，宣告→announcement n．公告 ‎4.application n．申请(书)；应用→applicant n．申请人→apply vi.申请 ‎*5.employ vt.雇用→employment n．雇用→unemployment n．失业 ‎→employer n．雇主→employee n．雇员 ‎6.defend vt.保卫，防御；为……辩解→defence n．保卫；防卫 ‎*7.advertiser n．广告人→advertise vt.为……做广告，登广告→advertisement n．广告 ‎8.contribution n．贡献，捐助→contribute vt.贡献 ‎9.innocent adj.天真无邪的，单纯的；无罪的→innocence n．清白，无罪 ‎10.conclude vt.做出结论；结束→conclusion n．结论 ‎11.interrupt vt.& vi.打断(讲话或动作)；打扰→interruption n．打断 ‎*12.environmental adj.自然环境的→environmentally adv.环境地→environment n．环境 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The employers were discussing the topic how more employees could be employed facing the high rate of unemployment. ‎ ‎2．Good natural environment is vital to us. We shouldn't sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.‎ ‎3．The advertiser was determined to advertise the newly designed car on the advertisement page of Hefei Evening.‎ ‎4．He was delighted in talking and it was a delight to listen to his talk.‎ ‎5．Teachers are respectable in our country. Students respect their teachers and listen to them in school in respectful ways.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．broadcast /'brɔːdkɑːst/ vt. 广播；播放 n. 广播 ‎2．conduct /kən'dʌkt/ vt. 指挥，引导，带领 ‎3．clap /klæp/ vt.& vi. 鼓掌 ‎4．live /laiv/ adj. 现场直播的 adv. 在现场直播 ‎5．album /'ælbəm/ n. 唱片，专辑 ‎6．concert /'kɒnsət/ n. 音乐会；演奏会 ‎7．perform /pə'fɔːm/ vt. 表演 ‎8．performance /pə'fɔːməns/ n. 演出 ‎9．interview /'ɪntərvjuː/ vt. 采访 ‎10．publish /'pʌblɪʃ/ v. 出版；发行 ‎11．impress /ɪm'pres/ vt. 给……留下深刻印象 ‎12．mislead /ˌmɪs'liːd/ v. 误导 ‎13．urge /ɜːdʒ/ v. 催促 ‎14．influence /'ɪnfluəns/ n. 影响 ‎15．reward /rɪ'wɔːd/ v. 报酬 ‎16．present /pri'zent/ v. 呈现 ‎17．vision /'vɪʒn/ n. 视觉 ‎18．popular /'pɒpjələ(r)/ adj. 受欢迎的；流行的 ‎19．weekly /'wiːkli/ n. 周刊 ‎20．monthly /'mʌnθli/ n. 月刊 ‎21．quarterly /'kwɔːtəli/ n. 季刊 ‎22．movie /'muːvi/ n. 电影 ‎23．magazine /ˌmæɡə'ziːn/ n. 杂志 ‎24．newspaper /'njuːzpeɪpə(r)/ n.‎ ‎　　　　　 　 　　 　 报纸；新闻纸 ‎25．feature /'fiːtʃər/ n. 特征；特色 ‎26．professional /prə'feʃənl/ adj. 职业的；专业的 ‎27．website /'websaɪt/ n. 网站 ‎28．update /ˌʌp'deɪt/ v. 更新；升级；出版 ‎29．cast /kɑːst/ n. 全体演员 ‎30．producer /prə'djuːsə/ n. 制片人 ‎31．camera /'kæmərə/ n. 摄像机 ‎32．microphone /'maikrəfəun/ n. 麦克风 ‎33．studio /'stjuːdiəu/ n. 工作室，摄影棚 ‎34．release /ri'liːs/ vt. 发行；发布 ‎35．channel /'tʃænl/ n. 频道 ‎36．entertaining /ˌentə'teiniŋ/ adj.　 娱乐的 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1.stand_for 代表；支持　　　　　 *2.in_favour_of赞同，支持 ‎*3.consist_of由……组成 *4.stand_out突出，显眼 ‎5.as_long_as只要 　 6.be_made_up_of由……组成 ‎7.be_used_to习惯于 　 8.be_linked_with/to与……相关联 ‎9.comment_on 发表意见 *10.help_out帮忙做事；摆脱困境 ‎11.owe_..._to_... 把……归功于…… *12.in_detail 详细地 ‎13.go_ahead_with着手干；开始做 　 14.come_down_to结果是 ‎15.participate_in 参与，参加 *16.look_forward_to盼望，希望 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．You must study the contract in_detail before you sign it.‎ ‎2．He made a speech in_favour_of equal pay for equal work.‎ ‎3．I believe that dress will make you stand_out in a crowd.‎ ‎4．The school consisting_of 5,000 students is attached to Hefei Normal University.‎ ‎5．I am familiar with his work and look_forward_to hearing his views on literary and artistic creation.‎ ‎6．He is a kindhearted man and is always willing to help_out.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．to one's amazement　　　 令某人惊讶的是 ‎2．be familiar with 熟悉 ‎3．be absorbed in 沉溺于……‎ ‎4．be addicted to 对……上瘾 ‎5．have ...in common 和……有共同之处 ‎6．be similar to 与……相似 ‎7．be interested in 对……感兴趣 ‎8．be on 上演 ‎9．come out 发行 ‎10．rather than 而不是 ‎11．on air 正在播出 ‎12．switch channel 换台 ‎13．queue up/stand in line 排队 ‎14．face to face 面对面 ‎15．behave well/badly 举止良好/不好 ‎16．put on 演出，上演 ‎17．turn up 出现，到达，来到 ‎18．make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．“of＋抽象名词”相当于其对应的形容词 ‎[例句]　AIDS is another problem of great concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important.‎ ‎[仿写]　我刚刚发现那天下午的班会对我来说非常重要。‎ I have just found that the class meeting that afternoon is of_great_importance_to_me.‎ ‎2．not all表示部分否定 ‎[例句]　However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.‎ ‎[仿写]　根据最近一项调查，并非所有的年轻人都喜欢玩微信。‎ According to a recent survey, not_all_the_young_adults like using WeChat.‎ ‎3．as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句 ‎[例句]　According to a research published by Leeds University yesterday, people don't mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.‎ ‎[仿写]　生活中我们可能遇到许多失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。‎ In our life we may meet many failures; as_long_as we try our best, there is no need feeling regret for these failures.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．The show was so successful that she became famous overnight.‎ 演出非常成功，结果她一夜成名。‎ ‎2．It's said that there will be a concert conducted by a worldfamous conductor on Sunday evening.‎ 据说周日晚上将有一场音乐会，它由一位世界著名的指挥家指挥。‎ ‎3．The film is usually more interesting and it is easier to follow.‎ 电影通常更有趣而且更容易理解。‎ ‎4．It is important to all three TV networks that their evening news programs attract as large an audience as possible.‎ 对于三大电视网来说，用晚间新闻来吸引最大量的观众群是很重要的。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Similar to TV, websites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most interested in.‎ However, they are different in many ways. Above all, moving pictures are shown on TV with sound, which makes you feel as if you are just on the spot. Then, the programs change every day and professional TV reporters do the report. Unlike TV, some information on websites changes all the time, but not all of it is so updated. In addition, everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporters.‎ 电视和网站都是很流行的媒体。它们有一些共同之处。它们都从广告中挣钱。和电视相似，网站也有不同的部分，以便你可以选择你最感兴趣的部分。‎ 然而，它们也有很多不同的方面。首先，电视上播放移动的带声音的画面，这会让你感觉好像你就在现场一样。然后，每天的节目都有变化并且有专业的电视记者作报道。不像电视，网站上的信息一直在变化，但并不是所有的信息都在更新。另外，大家都可以给网站写文章而不只是专业的记者。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．demand vt.要求，请求；需要n.要求；需求(量)，需要 ‎[教材原句]　Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world.‎ 全世界的人们都要求变革。‎ ‎(1)demand (of sb.) to do sth.　　 要求(某人)做某事 demand sth.of/from sb. 向某人要某物 demand that ... (should) do sth.　 要求……做某事 ‎(2)meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的要求 in demand 非常需要的；受欢迎的 ‎①My father came downstairs and demanded to_know (know) what was going on.‎ 我父亲从楼上下来想知道正在发生了什么事情。‎ ‎②The manager demanded that the workers (should)_work (work) overtime to complete the task ahead of time.‎ 经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。‎ ‎③First, science graduates are in_greater_demand than arts ones in China.‎ 首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。‎ ‎[名师点津]　demand后不接不定式作宾语补足语，即不能说demand sb.to do sth.。‎ ‎2．blame vt.责怪，归咎于n.过失，责备 ‎[教材原句]　The media is often blamed for encouraging the paparazzi.‎ 由于鼓励狗仔队的行为，媒体经常被谴责。‎ ‎(1)blame sb.for (doing) sth. 因某事而责备某人 blame sth.on ... 把某事归咎于……‎ be to blame (for ...) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备 ‎(2)take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.‎ ‎ 把某事的责任推到某人身上 ‎①Instead_of_blaming_each_other,_we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.‎ 我们应该多交流，换位思考而不是相互责怪。‎ ‎②Don't always blame your own failure on others. You should take the blame for failure.‎ 不要总把失败归咎于他人，你应该为失败负责。‎ ‎③In my view, Li Hua, who broke the school rule, was to_blame (blame)．‎ 我认为，李华违反了学校的规定，应受到责备。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在be to blame (for) 短语中，不定式用主动语态表示被动含义。‎ ‎3．employ vt.雇用；聘请；使忙于；使从事于 ‎[经典例句]　None but a wise man can employ leisure well.‎ ‎(谚)唯智者善于利用空闲。‎ ‎(1)employ as ...　　　　　　　　 雇用某人为……‎ 从事于/忙于(做)某事 be employed to do sth. 受雇做某事 ‎①For the past ten years I have been employed as an English teacher in this middle school.‎ 十年以来我一直在这所中学受雇当一名英语教师。‎ ‎②She was_employed_in_making a list of all the jobs to be done.‎ 她忙着把所要做的工作列一个清单。‎ ‎4．attempt vt.&n.尝试，试图 ‎[教材原句]　But sometimes, the paparazzi go too far in their attempt to get the best photographs.‎ 但是有的时候，狗仔队为了获得最有卖点的照片做得很过分。‎ ‎(1)attempt to do sth.　　　　　　　　 试图做某事 ‎(2)in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事 make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 企图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 ‎①They are attempting to_climb (climb) the steepest part of Mount Tai.‎ 他们正试图攀登泰山最陡的部分。‎ ‎②Thanks to your help, I passed my driving test at_the_first_attempt.‎ 多亏你的帮助，我考驾驶执照时一次就通过了。‎ ‎③We made an attempt to_leave (leave) for camping, but were stopped by our teacher. ‎ 我们想去野营但被我们的老师拦住了。‎ ‎5．pretend vt.假装；装作 ‎[教材原句]　Pretending to be a repair man to get into the house of a film star and take pictures of her daily life.‎ 装扮成一个维修工人进入一个电影明星的家并偷拍她的日常生活照。‎ pretend that ...　　　 　 　 假装……‎ pretend ‎①If you pretend to_know (know) what you don't know, you'll only make a fool of yourself.‎ 如果你不懂装懂，那只会欺骗自己。‎ ‎②He pretended to_be_reading (read) an important document when the boss came in.‎ 老板进来时，他假装正在看一份重要文件。‎ ‎③When her mother came in, she pretended_to_have_fallen_asleep.‎ 当她妈妈进来的时候，她假装已经睡着了。‎ ‎6．conclude vt.&vi.做出结论；结束；完成；断定，推断 ‎[教材原句]　Leeds University concluded that people made a distinction between bad language used in programmes for adults, and those meant for children.‎ 利兹大学得出结论说，人们辨别得出成人影片中的脏话和儿童影片中脏话的区别。‎ ‎(1)conclude ... from ... 　 从……中得出/推断出……‎ conclude ...with .... 以……结束……‎ conclude that ... 断定……‎ to conclude 总而言之，最后 ‎(2)conclusion n. 结论 draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion ‎ 得出结论 in conclusion 最后；总之 ‎①He concluded_his_speech_with a famous saying: no pains, no gains.‎ 他以一句名言“不劳无获”结束他的演讲。‎ ‎②I've come to the conclusion (conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.‎ 我断定他不适合做这项工作。‎ ‎③In_conclusion,_good interpersonal skills are a must for our future social life.(2014·重庆高考写作)‎ 总之，良好的交际技能对我们未来的社会生活是必需的。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．respect vt.尊敬；尊重n.细节；方面；敬意；问候 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①We should show respect for the workers who devote themselves to beautifying our city.‎ ‎②Molly always told us exactly what she thought, and we respected her for that.‎ ‎③中国的孩子在很小的时候就受到不能浪费每一粒粮食的教育，这是出于对农民劳动的尊重。‎ Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out_of_respect_for_farmers'_labor.‎ ‎2．approach n．接近，逼近，走近；方法，方式；途径，通路vt.&vi.接近；靠近；接洽；要求；着手处理 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①We have made approaches to them in the hope of establishing a business relationship.‎ ‎②Did Mary approach you about lending her some money?‎ ‎③Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to work things out.work→working ‎[点拨]　the approach to (doing) sth.“‎ ‎(做)某事的方法；去某处的通道”。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．When we told him the news, he pretended to_have_known (know) it.‎ ‎2．My demand is that the information referred to my report (should)_be_emailed (email) to Mr. Brown without delay.‎ ‎3．To be honest，it was Su's fault, but Li was also to_blame (blame)．‎ ‎4．In addition, you should show respect for all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge.‎ ‎5．Approaching (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.‎ ‎6．They made an attempt to_escape (escape) but were caught by the police.‎ ‎7．We concluded the meeting at eight o'clock with a prayer.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．They are said to have developed a new approach for teaching which is bound to improve classroom teaching greatly.for→to ‎2．The teacher demanded that the students was on time to each class.was→be ‎3．Jeremy, who shouldn't have driven after being drunk, rather than his friends is to blame on the accident.on→for ‎4．Employing in gardening and voluntary work, Mrs Black leads a busy and rich life at her old age. Employing→Employed ‎5．He didn't want to go to school, pretended to be ‎ ill.pretended→pretending Ⅲ.单句写作(句型转换/一句多译)‎ ‎1．She has employed herself in making preparations for the press conference all morning.‎ ‎→She has been employed in making preparations for the press conference all morning.‎ ‎2．She pretended to be reading a book.‎ ‎→She pretended that she was reading a book.‎ ‎3．I've attempted to convince her, but in vain. ‎ ‎→I've made an attempt to convince/at convincing her, but in vain.‎ ‎4．他们把失败归咎于他，这是错误的。‎ ‎①It's wrong of them to_blame_the_failure_on_him.(blame ... on)‎ ‎②It's wrong of them to_blame_him_for_the_failure.(blame ... for)‎ ‎③It's wrong of them to think that he should_take_the_blame_for_the_failure.(blame n．)‎ ‎5．她要求他归还向她借的书。‎ ‎①She demanded_that_he_(should)_return_the_books he borrowed from her.‎ ‎②She demanded_of_him_to_return_the_books he borrowed from her.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．in favour of支持，赞同 ‎[教材原句]　Since then, the law and the public opinion have been less in favour of the paparazzi and their jobs.‎ 从那时起，法律和公众舆论就不怎么支持狗仔队以及他们的工作了。‎ in one's favour　　　　　　　　　　 有利于某人 do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人忙 ask a favour of sb.　　　　　　 　　 请某人帮个忙 owe sb.a favour 欠某人一份情 ‎①Do_me_a_favour and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone.‎ 请您帮我个忙，在我打电话的时候关小收音机。‎ ‎②I owed_him_a_favour,_so I couldn't say no.‎ 我欠他一个人情，所以无法拒绝。‎ ‎2．consist of由……组成；由……构成 ‎[教材原句]　Some advertisements consist of pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are.‎ 一些广告中含有一些图片或专家说的话，以便向人们展示该产品如何好。‎ ‎(1)be composed of＝be made up of　　 由……组成 ‎(2)consist in＝lie in 在于 ‎(3)consistent adj. 一致的；持续的 be consistent with 与……一致 ‎①Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behavior consisting (consist) of hearing, understanding and remembering.(2015·浙江高考单选)‎ 聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动地接受，它包括听、理解和记忆。‎ ‎②If what you say is not consistent (consist) with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.‎ 如果你言行不一，这将对你的孩子有不好的影响。‎ ‎[名师点津]　consist of与consist in不用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。‎ ‎ 3.stand out突出，显眼 ‎[教材原句]　Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive.‎ 通过最高水平设计加上更具吸引力的产品理念，现代的广告必须在充满竞争的世界里脱颖而出。‎ stand for　　　　　　　 是……意思，代表；支持；象征 stand by/aside 袖手旁观；无动于衷 stand by sb./sth. 支持某人/遵守某事 stand up for 为……辩护；支持 stand up to 经受得住；经得起 ‎①Good heavens! How could you stand_by/aside and allow such a thing to happen!‎ 天哪！你怎么能够袖手旁观允许这种事情发生！‎ ‎②In China, these red knots stand_for friendship, love and good luck.‎ 在中国，这些红色的中国结代表友谊、爱和好运。‎ ‎4．AIDS is another problem of_great_concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important.‎ 艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题，所以性教育和保健管理非常重要。‎ 句中of great concern是“of＋n.”结构，表示“深受关注的”。‎ ‎(1)of (＋great, no, little, some, much)＋抽象名词(value, importance, use, help, interest, significance, benefit, necessity等)，这类名词一般可转化为其相应的形容词形式 ‎(2)of (＋different, the same, similar)＋分类名词(kind, type, sort, shape, size, colour, length, depth, width, weight, height, age, date等)‎ ‎(3)of (＋good, bad, nice, fine, serious, high等)＋性质名词(quality, character, characteristics, feature等)‎ ‎①Mr Johnson, a great stamp collector, has owned stamps of many different kinds and sizes.‎ 约翰逊先生，一位了不起的邮票收藏家，手里有许多不同种类和尺寸的邮票。‎ ‎②New Zealand grape wine is of_high_quality and is sold all over the world.‎ 新西兰葡萄酒质量好，行销全世界。‎ ‎③Doing morning exercises is_of_benefit_to your health.‎ ‎＝Doing morning exercises is_beneficial_to your health.‎ 做早操对你的健康有利。‎ ‎5．However, not_all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. ‎ 然而，并非所有的广告都是为谋求利润而推销产品和提供服务的。‎ ‎　not all ...为部分否定结构，意为“并非都；并非所有的”，故本句可替换为：However, all advertising is not about selling products and services for a profit。‎ ‎(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, whole, wholly, entirely,‎ ‎ altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。‎ ‎(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。‎ ‎①It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.‎ ‎＝It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all_of_them_aren't_fit_‎ for_them.‎ 并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。‎ ‎②I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree_with_everything.‎ 我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。‎ ‎③Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall.‎ 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用favour短语填空(in favour of/do a favour for/in one's favour)‎ ‎1．It was a turning point, a sign that things are starting to go in_our_favour.‎ ‎2．When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in_favour_of_ younger men.‎ ‎3．Will you do_a_favour_for me and take this to the post office?‎ Ⅱ.选词填空(stand for/stand out/stand up for/stand by)‎ ‎1．We will not stand_by this sort of behavior, young man! ‎ ‎2．What do the five Olympic rings stand_for?‎ ‎3．After several rounds of competition, the little girl stood_out because of her excellent spoken English and quick response.‎ ‎4．We stand_up_for the cause of liberty and justice.‎ Ⅲ.用consist短语完成小语段(consist with/consist of/consist in)‎ 生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐存在于拼搏之中。记住，理想的生活并不总是和现实相一致。‎ Life mainly 1.consists_of happiness and sorrow while happiness 2.consists_in struggle. Remember that your ideal life does not always 3.consist_with the reality.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换/补全句子 ‎1．The book is very useful to the beginners.‎ ‎→The book is of great use to the beginners.‎ ‎2．Both of them are not my brothers.(改为全部否定)‎ ‎→Neither of them is my brother.‎ ‎3．None of us was allowed to go there. (改为部分否定)‎ ‎→All of us were not allowed to go there.‎ ‎4．人们喜欢购买高质量的产品。‎ People like buying products which are_of_high_quality.‎ ‎5．他再次说，并非所有新锁都被证明是可靠的。‎ He says that once again not_all_new_locks_have been proved reliable.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①我们中有些人不擅长英语。‎ Some of us aren't_good_at_English.‎ ‎②老师经常要求我们阅读英语文章以提高英语水平。‎ Our_teacher_often_demands_that we read English articles to improve our English.‎ ‎③我尝试读《二十一世纪》英文报，我觉得这份报纸很适合我们学生。‎ I_attempt_to_read 21st Century, and I find it suitable for us students.‎ ‎④报纸出版地点是北京，每周出版一期。‎ The paper is published in Beijing; it_comes_out_once_a_week.‎ ‎⑤版面内容包括国家大事、体育、娱乐、故事等。‎ The content of the paper consists_of state affairs, sports, entertainment, stories, etc.‎ ‎⑥我认为只要我们多读书，就会取得更大的进步。‎ I strongly believe as_long_as we do more reading we are bound to make greater progress in English.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用部分否定升级句①‎ Not_all_of_us_are_good_at_English.‎ ‎(2)用which引导的非限制性定语从句升级句③‎ I attempt to read 21st Century, which I find suitable for us students. ‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so, then, and)‎ Not all of us are good at English. So our teacher often demands that we read English articles to improve our English. Then I attempt to read 21st Century, which I find suitable for us students.‎ The paper is published in Beijing and it comes out once a week.The content of the paper consists of state affairs, sports, entertainment, stories, etc.I strongly believe that as long as we do more reading we are bound to make greater progress in English. ‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——no matter引导让步状语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 No matter what the government says, it is clear that the airport will also affect our health.‎ 这是一个复合句，no matter引导让步状语从句，it is clear that the airport will also affect our health是主句部分。‎ 无论在商店它们(西红柿)看起来多么好看，一旦我买回家，它们就吃着发干、很硬而且无味。‎ 真题长难句 No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they're unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 这是一个复合句，no matter引导让步状语从句，once I get them home they're unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless为主句部分。‎ ‎“社会生活”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一。“新闻媒体”‎ 是其中的一个子话题，也是高考热点话题。报纸、期刊、广播、电视、互联网以及新闻媒体网站等这些都是新闻媒体，亦称大众媒体。我们身边每时每刻无不在发生着各种各样的新闻、消息，我们每个人也是通过这些新闻媒体而获得国内外最新新闻和消息的。可以说，我们生活离不开新闻媒体。综观历年高考试题，此话题在听力、完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达等题型中都有考查。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　(2017·天津高考阅读A)‎ ‎[1]Suppose you're in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.‎ ‎[2]Realisation will probably set in seconds after you've clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame.‎ ‎[3]What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.‎ Clicking “send” too soon Don't waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.‎ Writing the wrong name The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured：don't handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i.e.incorrect ordering of Chinese names)．‎ Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal (透露) to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday ‎ you'd like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, lighthearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.‎ Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you're discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly — see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.‎ ‎36．After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel ________.‎ A．curious　　　　　　　 B．tired C．awful D．funny ‎37．If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ________.‎ A．apologise in a serious manner B．tell the receiver to ignore the error C．learn to write the name correctly D．send a short notice to everyone ‎38．What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email?‎ A．Try offering other choices.‎ B．Avoid further involvement.‎ C．Meet other staff members.‎ D．Make a lighthearted apology.‎ ‎39．How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?‎ A．By promising not to offend the receiver again.‎ B．By seeking support from the receiver's friends.‎ C．By asking the receiver to control his anger.‎ D．By talking to the receiver face to face.‎ ‎40．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．Defining email errors. B．Reducing email mistakes.‎ C．Handling email accidents. D．Improving email writing.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1～‎ ‎2段 第1～2段划波浪线部分 错发邮件，使你处境尴尬。‎ 引出要解决的内容 第3段到 文章结尾 第3段划波浪线部分 如何正确处理发送邮件所产生的各种意外情况。‎ 详细介绍四种错发邮件的情况以及处理建议 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　‎ 假设你很忙，感觉很累，注意力不在电脑屏幕上，这时你发了一封可能会使你陷入麻烦的邮件。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎36．细节理解题。选C　根据题干中的“realising an email accident”可把答案定位在第二段。该段说，在你点击“发送”数秒钟之后你就会意识到自己的错误，结合下文的“You freeze in horror and burn with shame.”可知，人们意识到“邮件事故”后，可能会感觉糟糕，因此选C。‎ ‎37．细节理解题。选A　根据题干中的“written the wrong name”可把答案定位在第五段。该部分提出建议说，此时赶紧给对方发一个简短的回复，为自己的错误道歉(apologising for your mistake)，而且要注意道歉的语调(don't handle it too lightly)，这与A项的陈述是一致的。‎ ‎38．细节理解题。选B　根据题干的内容可把答案定位至第六段。这部分提到，如果你不小心点了“回复所有人”，可能有人会就此开始回复不太友好的话，此时你最好离开电脑键盘(step away from your keyboard)，以便让大家都冷静下来。这与B项的陈述相吻合，表示“避免继续参与(这样的对话)”。‎ ‎39．细节理解题。选D　根据题干中的“offensive email”可把答案定位在最后一段。这部分提到，在出现冒犯对方的情况时，要尽快面对面地向对方道歉。故选D。‎ ‎40．主旨大意题。选C　通读全文，尤其是第三段的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是发送电子邮件出现意外情况时人们该如何面对和补救，因此C项最能概括本文的主旨。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法10]　归纳标题，浓缩主题 标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。文章标题可以是单词、短语、句子。标题可以帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。在了解文章大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题是否有密切的联系；看选项内容对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。如上文中的40题，通过各层层意可知，本文主要介绍的是如何正确处理发送邮件所产生的各种失误。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．realisation n．　　　　　　 实现，完成 ‎2．previous adj. 以前的；早先的；过早的 ‎3．offend v. 冒犯 ‎ ‎4．unintentionally adv. 无意地；非故意地；非存心地 ‎5．awkwardness n. 尴尬；笨拙 ‎6．frustration n. 挫折 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·重庆高考)‎ Bookcrossing.com是一个面向全球的图书分享网站。该网站组织的分享活动有两种参与方式：一是自由分享(wild release)，即把书放在指定地点，由其他参与者自由获取；二是定向分享(controlled release)，即直接传递给另一位参与者。‎ 假设你是李华，请用英文写信申请参加。内容应包括：‎ ‎●表明写信目的 ‎●选择一种分享方式 ‎●简述做出该选择的理由 ‎●希望了解更多信息 注意：(1)词数不少于80；‎ ‎(2)在答题卡上作答；‎ ‎(3)书信格式及开头已给出(不计入总词数)。‎ Dear Sir/Madam， ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．申请　　　　　　　　　 apply ‎2．提到，提及 mention ‎3．结识，认识 make_the_acquaintance_of ‎4．支持 support/in_favor_of ‎5．首先 to_begin_with ‎6．总之，一句话 in_a_word 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．当我得知你们正在组织面向全世界共享图书的活动时，我申请加入你们组织的活动。(用when引导的时间状语从句)‎ When_I_learn_that_you_are_organizing_this_activity_to_share_books_worldwide,_here_I_am_writing_to_apply_to_join_in_the_activity_you_are_organizing.‎ ‎2．其次，通过这次活动我能认识一些有共同兴趣的人。‎ Secondly,_I_can_make_the_acquaintance_of_people_who_share_the_same_interest_through_this_activity.‎ ‎3．首先，我们只需要带书到一个固定的地方。‎ To_begin_with,_we_just_need_to_take_our_books_to_a_fixed_place.‎ ‎4．这对于参加者来说非常方便。‎ It_is_very_convenient_for_the_participators.‎ ‎5．总之，“自由分享”使我们选择自己喜欢的图书变得更加方便。‎ In_a_word,_wild_release_makes_it_much_more_convenient_for_us_to_choose_what_books_we_like.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用现在分词作状语升级练习1‎ Learning_that_you_are_organizing_this_activity_to_share_books_worldwide,_here_I_am_writing_to_apply_to_join_in_the_activity_you_are_organizing.‎ ‎2．用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并练习3、4‎ To_begin_with,_we_just_need_to_take_our_books_to_a_fixed_place,_which_is_very_convenient_for_the_participators.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Sir/Madam，‎ Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, here I am writing to apply to join in the activity you are organizing. Firstly, I have always been interested in reading. Secondly, I can make the acquaintance of people who share the same interest through this activity.‎ Of the two ways you mentioned — wild release and controlled release, I am in favor of the former. To begin with, we just need to take our books to a fixed place, which is very convenient for the participators. In addition, we have more choices by means of wild release. In a word,‎ ‎ wild release makes it much more convenient for us to choose what books we like.‎ I am wondering if you could tell me more about this activity. Thank you for all you have been doing. I am looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[单元检测·高考提能] ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Some learning difficulties arise (发生，出现) from the way children are taught at school.‎ ‎2．He failed in his first attempt (尝试) to ride a horse, but he would try a second time.‎ ‎3．The children pretend (假扮) to be different animals dancing to the music.‎ ‎4．To be happy, we should have a good attitude (态度) toward life.‎ ‎5．Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think modern lifestyles are to blame (责备)．‎ ‎6．If there is any demand (要求), I would be very happy to help.‎ ‎7．Students should understand the approach (方法) to communicating with others.‎ ‎8．The defendant protested that he had never been near the scene (现场) of the crime.‎ ‎9．There is evidence (证据) that Beijing Man used fire to cook food.‎ ‎10．I'm sorry to interrupt (打断) you, but I really have something ‎ important to tell you.‎ ‎11．This is a new discovery that has a number of industrial applications (apply)．‎ ‎12．In terms of size, that apartment was still suitable (suit) for living.‎ ‎13．He has made an important contribution (contribute) to the company's success at the beginning of its foundation.‎ ‎14．After graduation, she found employment_ (employ) with a local finance company.‎ ‎15．This led to some painful (pain) experiences on Saturday as they played against teams better trained.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎ ‎1．Blaming for the breakdown of the school computer network，he was in low spirits.Blaming→Blamed ‎2．Happiness doesn't consist with how much money you have.with→in ‎3．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches for the study of mathematics.for→to ‎4．Those old books of no useful will be sold and we'll buy some new ones of much value.useful→use ‎5．If you haven't read the book, please don't pretend to read it.to后加have ‎6．Frankly speaking, I am not in favor to your plan.to→of ‎7．The accused employed a lawyer in defence for him.for→of ‎8．He climbed to the top of the mountain in the first attempt.in→at ‎9．I had been lying to myself, pretended that everything was fine. ‎ pretended→pretending ‎10．Our company is going on very well, employed hundreds of local women.‎ employed→employing Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎ ‎1．She is_employed_as_a_secretary_in_the_firm (受雇于那家公司当秘书) to help with the paper work.‎ ‎2．Most people are in_favour_of (支持) bringing down the price of housing as it is too high.‎ ‎3．The beauty of this picture consists_in/lies_in (在于) its balance of colors.‎ ‎4．The government is trying to do everything possible to_satisfy_the_people's_demands_ (满足人民的要求) for higher living standards.‎ ‎5．He made_an_attempt/attempted_to_pass_the_exam (试图通过考试), but it was too difficult.‎ ‎6．Not_all_the_people (并非所有的人) here like to get along with him.‎ ‎7．As_long_as_you_study_hard (只要你努力学习), you'll make greater progress.‎ ‎8．It is of_great_importance (很重要) to protect the environment.‎ ‎9．Mary pretended_not_to_see_me (假装没看见我) when I passed by, which made me very angry.‎ ‎10．Or even more to the point, conclude_your_speech_with (用……来结束你的演讲)“Thanks for your time”．‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A Many wealthy and welltraveled people want a completely new experience, but they don't necessarily want to give up luxury accommodations and service. The following vacations could be best choices.‎ Cruise down the Amazon River Aqua Expeditions takes up to 32 passengers at a time on guided journeys of three, four, or seven days down the Amazon River. Those adventurers see forests and waterfalls, visit local fish markets, and take canoe trips. They also take in wildlife such as capuchin monkeys and river dolphins.‎ Go Glamping in Montana The Resort at Paws Up located on a cattle ranch (牧场) is a standout in the type. The ranch rents homes with up to four bedrooms, but it's the luxury tents that offer closer communion with the outdoors. Tents are arranged into camps, each of which has a private chef and butler, the latter of whom helps build campfires and arrange daytime activities. Guests can participate in a cattle drive, go clay shooting, take a hot air balloon trip, or ride horses.‎ Climb inside a Volcano in Iceland Iceland is famous for its volcanoes and has plenty of luxury hotel options. Thrillseekers can actually go down into the dormant (休眠的), 700footdeep Thrihnukagigur, by using an open elevator. Take a helicopter if you want to skip the 2mile hike to the volcano, and arrange a private tour to avoid crowds. And visitors traveling there can enjoy the luxury hotel such as the ION Luxury Adventure Hotel and the Hotel Rangá.‎ ‎1．What can adventurers do when traveling down the Amazon River?‎ A．Enjoy individuallyguided tours.‎ B．Travel with hot air balloons.‎ C．Get a chance to see wildlife.‎ D．Ride horses along the trail.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They also take in wildlife such as capuchin monkeys and river dolphins”可知，沿着亚马逊河旅游的人可以有机会观看野生动物，故选C。‎ ‎2．At which place can guests enjoy food quite to their taste?‎ A．Aqua Expeditions.　 B．The Resort at Paws Up.‎ C．Thrihnukagigur. D．The Hotel Rangá.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“each of which has a private chef”可知，在The Resort at Paws Up，每个营地都配有私人厨师，由此可知，游客在这里可吃到非常符合自己口味的食物，故选B。‎ ‎3．What do the three vacations have in common?‎ A．They are adventurous.‎ B．They are animalcentered.‎ C．They have luxury hotel options.‎ D．They are intended for new travelers.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。第一个项目提到“adventurers”，第二个项目提到“take a hot air balloon trip, or ride horses”，第三个项目提到寻求刺激的人可以下到700英尺深的休眠火山中。故这三个项目的共同点就是：adventurous(惊险的，刺激的)。‎ B Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their longterm survival, a study suggests. “This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegalshipment of 23 yellowcrested cockatoos，” said Luke Gibson, a college teacher. He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.‎ This encouraged Dr. Gibson and his colleague to investigate (调查) how a critically endangered species had become selfsustaining outside of its natural range. They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species becoming established as a separate population, including the yellowcrested cockatoo in their city.‎ ‎“This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade，” he told BBC News. “Poachers (偷猎者) go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the birds and then ship them off, usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds. This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range. But it's really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.” As a result of enough of the birds being set free, it allowed a new selfsustaining population to be established in this city.‎ The government of Dr. Gibson's city has made it illegal to capture the species, even though it is a nonnative species. Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare, explained Dr. Gibson. Unlike in its native range in Indonesia where capturing birds forms a major source of income.‎ However, there can be downsides (缺点) to the newly established population of endangered species, such as a limited genetic pool, and ‎ suffering from novel diseases. It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve “harvesting” some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.‎ 语篇解读：本文为新闻报道，涉及野生动物保护话题。濒临灭绝的小葵花凤头鹦鹉遭非法交易，但幸运地被饲养这一物种的一些人释放，因此得以生存繁衍，形成次生种群，这也为自然环境保护主义者提供了一种缓解生物多样性丧失的途径。‎ ‎4．What was beyond Gibson's expectations according to the first paragraph?‎ A．The high rate of wildlife trade.‎ B．The preciousness of the birds.‎ C．The fact that the birds nearly disappear.‎ D．The news that the birds were poached.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him”可知，Gibson博士因获知小葵花凤头鹦鹉是严重濒危物种而感到惊讶。‎ ‎5．What happened unexpectedly when the birds were shipped abroad?‎ A．They formed a separate population.‎ B．They were kept as pet birds.‎ C．They were traded illegally.‎ D．They were killed for research.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But it's really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the ‎ people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them ... a new selfsustaining ...”可知，这些海运过来的鹦鹉被一些养鸟人释放了，最终使得它们形成一个新的自给自足的独立的群体，故选A。‎ ‎6．Which can replace the underlined word “affluent”in Para. 4?‎ A．Peaceloving.　　　　 B．Rich.‎ C．Free. D．Environmentfriendly.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare”及“Unlike in its native range in Indonesia where capturing birds forms a major source of income”可知，画线词意为“富裕的”。故选B。‎ ‎7．For what purpose did the author write the passage?‎ A．To appeal to everyone to stop the wildlife trade.‎ B．To explain the challenge the wild birds are facing.‎ C．To introduce a creative approach to wildlife conservation.‎ D．To raise people's awareness of protecting endangered species.‎ 解析：选C　写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段的“Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their longterm survival, a study suggests”及最后一段的“It did also present a possible ‘very interesting’ opportunity for conservationists ... which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss”可知，濒临灭绝的小葵花凤头鹦鹉由于社会环境的干预，形成了次生种群，而这可能会为保护野生动物提供一种创造性的方法。‎ 单元检测B——阅读理解提速练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A When I was in the fifth grade and Mr. Gardner asked a question, my hand would shoot up with great enthusiasm. After giving me a few chances, he would try to give other students a chance. My hand, though, would remain in the air, and after some time, I'd start waving it around. Then, there was the time when I entered drumming classes. But all we were allowed to do in the first class was practise one beat over and over again. I never went back.‎ I would have done terribly in the Stanford Marshmallow (果浆软糖) Experiment. In this classic study, researchers gave children a choice between one marshmallow right away and two later. The results showed that those who could wait 15 minutes ended up scoring 210 points higher on the SAT, an examination that American high school students take before they go to college.‎ So clearly, delaying gratification or bearing up under pain has its benefits. It needs patience. Patience keeps us from being stuck to ideas formed previously, and helps us let go of our strong interest in outcomes. We come to accept that we don't always or immediately know what is best, and learn to recognize that our reality is in constant changes. Patience improves our understanding of deeper truths and helps us expand our views.‎ The journey of patience is rooted in knowing that our present reality will finally give way to changes. But changes won't always happen when we think they should, and patience with ourselves comes from accepting that there are things we can control and things we can't. And though we must make great efforts to keep pushing the boundaries of our awareness and to improve our ability to rest comfortably in the present moment, how fast we develop isn't up to us.‎ That same fifth grader who couldn't wait to speak out answers now sees the importance of meeting questions with a heart of patience.‎ ‎1．Why did the author wave his hand in class?‎ A．To entertain himself.‎ B．To show his impatience.‎ C．To give other students a chance.‎ D．To let others know he was clever.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者不停地挥舞手臂是因为举了一段时间手后，老师还不让他回答问题，他这样做是因为不耐烦了。‎ ‎2．What's the purpose of the Stanford Marshmallow Experiment?‎ A．To test children's concentration levels.‎ B．To test how children like marshmallows.‎ C．To test patience and its potential advantages.‎ D．To test the bond between patience and desire.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The results showed that those who could wait 15 minutes ended up scoring 210 points higher on the SAT, an examination that American high school students take before they go to college”可知，这个果浆软糖实验的目的是为了测试耐心在孩子们的后期智力发展中可能存在的优势。‎ ‎3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “gratification” in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Progress.　　　　　　　 B．Patience.‎ C．Judgement. D．Satisfaction.‎ 解析：‎ 选D　词义猜测题。根据该词前的delaying可知，该词的意思与第二段中的“In this classic study, researchers gave children a choice between one marshmallow right away and two later”有关，根据该句可知，延迟的是满足感，故gratification的意思与satisfaction相近。‎ ‎4．What is the main reason for people to have patience according to the text?‎ A．Present reality.‎ B．Constant changes.‎ C．A lack of selfcontrol.‎ D．A strong interest in outcomes.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“learn to recognize that our reality is in constant changes”和倒数第二段中的“The journey of patience is rooted in knowing that our present reality will finally give way to changes”可知，不断变化是我们需要有耐心的原因。‎ B If your parents were to surprise you with a present on your birthday, which one would you prefer, a trip to the amusement park or a new pair of shoes?‎ According to Science Daily, about onethird of the people are likely to prefer shoes to a fun trip. These people are called“materialists”， namely, those who value material goods more than experiences. But which of the two choices makes people happier?‎ Back in 2009, Ryan Howell, a professor at San Francisco State University, found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions. This is because the joy of receiving a new object fades over time as you get used to seeing it every day. Experiences, on the other hand, can continue to bring you joy in the future through happy memories.‎ But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldn't they?‎ To figure it out, Howell did another study. He classified a group of adults according to their personality types, ranging from less materialistic to more materialistic. Each person was asked different questions to see how they felt about spending money on material goods versus spending money on experiences.‎ As expected, the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic, because such purchases didn't fit with their personalities and values. But to Howell's surprise, he found that materialists weren't any happier even if they spent money on material items.‎ This is because materialists worry that others may criticize or look down on their choices. “There are certain value systems that are rejected by society，” said Howell. “When we find out someone is materialistic, we think less of them, and that drives their happiness down.”‎ Another reason is that materialistic people always focus on what they don't have instead of what they have now. This makes them feel less satisfied and grateful.‎ If you happen to be a materialistic person, there's something you can try. “If materialists make more accurate purchases, rather than trying to impress others, they will be happier，” Howell said.‎ You should also remember what an ancient Greek philosopher once said, “Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; remember what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，作者通过引用Ryan Howell的研究结果证实经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐。‎ ‎5．What did Ryan Howell find in his studies?‎ A．Material goods bring people less happiness than experiences.‎ B．About onethird of the people prefer material goods to experiences.‎ C．Materialists have more fun spending money on goods than on experiences.‎ D．Receiving a new object brings lasting joy while the joy of an experience fades soon.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions”可知，经历比物品更能使人感到高兴。根据第六段中的“the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic”可知，比较倾向物质主义的参与者比不太倾向物质主义的参与者从购物中得到的快乐更少。由此可见，Ryan Howell在他的研究中发现：有形物质比经历给人带来的快乐更少。因此，该题选A。‎ ‎6．What did Ryan Howell want to find out by doing another study?‎ A．How to judge whether a person is a materialist.‎ B．Why materialists are not happy with their purchases.‎ C．How materialists feel when they spend money on goods.‎ D．Whether materialists are happy when they first make purchases.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段及第五段第一句“To figure it out, Howell did another study”可知该题选D。‎ ‎7．Why does the author use the ancient Greek philosopher's words in the last paragraph?‎ A．To advise materialistic people not to try to impress others.‎ B．To persuade people to be satisfied with what they have.‎ C．To prove it's unwise to be materialistic and desire too much.‎ D．To tell readers what they desire now might one day become theirs.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中那位哲学家的话“不要因期望你没有的东西而毁掉了你现在拥有的东西。记住：你现在拥有的东西就在你曾经渴望得到的东西之中”，再结合上文Ryan Howell研究得出的结论可知，作者引用这位哲学家的话旨在说服人们要对目前拥有的事物感到知足。因此，该题选B。‎ ‎8．What can be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Are You a Materialist?‎ B．How to Acquire Happiness?‎ C．The Best Present for the Birthday D．Which Can Make People Happier?‎ 解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者通过引用Ryan Howell的研究结果证实经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐，故D项作文章标题最佳。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Ideas to Make Your School a Green Campus Universities are doing everything they can to become a green campus. But there are also items students can do to make your campus more ecofriendly.‎ Recycle everything, especially paper!‎ There is a large amount of paper a college student goes through per semester. __1__ We know that these things can't be avoided, but the way you handle the use of all the paper can really help create a better green campus.‎ Walk and bike to school.‎ Most campuses, especially those that are trying to become a more ecofriendly campus, have pretty good public transit. __2__Walking or biking will help make your campus a green university.‎ Buy green.‎ ‎__3__ Paper, cleaning products and water are products that can be purchased as a recycled goods. They're slightly more expensive than the normal products, but it's worth it to make a green campus.‎ ‎__4__‎ A water bottle can be refilled at any water fountain and can easily be drank in class or while riding a bike. This will save the environment by decreasing the amount of plastic waste on your campus.‎ Buy used clothing.‎ It is usually thought of as something to do to save money. __5__ Recycling clothes minimizes the use of resources to make clothing and puts a dent in the problem of worldwide sweatshops. ‎ A．Carry a water bottle.‎ B．It is also good for the environment!‎ C．Buy recycled goods as much as possible.‎ D．Paper made of this kind wood is much stronger.‎ E．On top of that, almost all universities are pedestrianfriendly.‎ F．It includes class notes, term papers, student newspapers and so on.‎ G．Universities call all the students to learn to recycle all the waste paper.‎ 语篇解读：在校园中做到环保的方法有很多，其中包括回收、使用绿色产品，步行或骑自行车上学，自己带水及购买二手衣服等。‎ ‎1．解析：选F　根据前句“There is a large amount of paper a college ‎ student goes through per semester.”及后句“We know that these things can't be avoided”可知，此处应是列举学生可能用到的纸的物品。‎ ‎2．解析：选E　由空前“大多数大学都有相当好的公共交通运输”可知，首要的是，几乎所有的大学都有人性化的人行道。‎ ‎3．解析：选C　本段中作者建议使用环保产品，故选C。‎ ‎4．解析：选A　根据下文中的“A water bottle can be refilled ...”可知，本段的主题是携带水瓶。‎ ‎5．解析：选B　由空后的内容可知买二手衣服也有利于环保。‎