【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解（七选五）专题解题指导技法：依据全文或段落的“主题”线索（4页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解（七选五）专题解题指导技法：依据全文或段落的“主题”线索（4页）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解（七选五）专题解题指导技法：依据全文或段落的“主题”线索 文章通常会围绕一个中心主题展开论述说明，这个主题一般位于文章的首段或末段，仔细阅读文章的首段和末段，就能快速抓住文章的主题，明白本文将探讨哪方面的内容，有利于我们归纳概括文章的标题或主题。‎ ‎1．概括“论据”和“结论”，得出“论点”‎ ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·云南省11校跨区调研考试) 19 Too often we determine how we feel about ourselves according to what other people feel about us. Our selfworth is just dependent upon what we think of ourselves. So we must break free of the chains that tell us our selfworth is recognized by other people.‎ B．Free yourself C．Give yourself time to think ‎[思路分析]　空格后的两个句子为论据，本段的最后一个句子为结论，根据结论“So we must break free of the chains that tell us our selfworth is recognized by other people.”可推知，应该“解脱自己”，故选B项。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　由于本段的第二句有think of，而C项中有动词think，有些同学会因此误选C项。需注意，C项think表示的是“思考”，而文中的what we think of ourselves表示“我们如何看待自己”。‎ ‎2．根据“论据”推导出“论点”‎ ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2015·全国卷Ⅰ) 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing.‎ A．Learn to really trust yourself.‎ ‎[思路分析]　空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”，根据空格后的句子“相信自己会……”可判定选A项，意为“学会真正信任你自己”。‎ ‎3．根据“相似度”原则确定主题 文章中出现的主题句与七个选项中的某个选项在词汇和句式结构上会有一定的相似度，据此可快速找出正确选项。‎ ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2017·湖南省六校联盟联考)‎ ‎◎Plan your time carefully Make a list of your weekly tasks. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. 37.Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.‎ ‎◎ 38 ‎ It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions.‎ ‎◎Make good use of your time in class Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.‎ A．Share with them what you have found to be helpful B．Skim before you read C．Find a good place to study D．This, however, is not necessarily the case E．Read about these points in your textbook F．Furthermore, it will enable you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.‎ G．A good review leads to improved performance on the test ‎[思路分析]　根据“相似度”原则可判定空格处应填祈使句，那么就锁定了范围A、B、C和E。由空格后的句子“It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions.”可知，该段主要介绍“找一个适合学习的好地方”，故选C项。‎ ‎4．根据文中反复出现的“关键词”确定主题 ‎[考题回放]‎ ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad，but that's not what's important.19.It's our experience of the garden that matters—how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 ．Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden. Have fun.‎ G．For each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have ‎[思路分析]　由garden的反复出现可判定花园与主题有关。空格前说“花一些时间回忆你小时候的花园”，空格后说“然后走出去，制订计划，把你孩提时代的记忆变成你成年后的花园”。根据此语境可知答案为G项“为每一个那样的花园写下你最深刻的回忆”。‎ A ‎(2017·安徽省百所重点高中第二次模拟)All of us know that a balanced diet strengthens the immune system. 1 . The following strategies1 will help you to jump start healthy eating habits.‎ Morning musthaves Researchers at Harvard Medical School discovered that people who took daily breakfast were a third less likely to become obese (肥胖的) than those who skipped this meal. To enjoy the most benefits, the researchers recommended eating wholegrain foods for breakfast as they are rich in fiber2. 2 ．‎ Main meal wisdom If you need to consume meat, choose fish instead of red meat. Studies ‎ have linked high consumption3 of red meat with cancers such as breast and colorectal cancer as well as heart disease mainly because red meat is very high in saturated(饱和的) fats. 3 ．‎ Food preparation ‎ 4 . As such, cooking methods such as steaming，baking, grilling, boiling or stirfrying are advised.‎ ‎ 5 ．‎ Some people like to eat a large meal after a hard day's work. However, large meals late at night can cause indigestion4 that influences sleep. So it is a very good idea to have a lowcalorie fiber drink just before leaving the office. It is also not a good idea to regularly have a latenight meal as this could overburden the digestive system.‎ Remember, minor changes in our eating habits can lead to major changes in our health. ‎ A．Light nights B．Fewer night snacks C．Fish, in contrast, contains more hearthealthy fats D．Drinking bean milk supplies the body with plant protein E．Experts always suggest preparing food with as little oil as possible F．But most of us fail to obtain adequate nutrients (营养) due to our troubled lifestyles G．Fiber aids in stabilizing blood sugar, controlling appetite and keeping the heart healthy ‎【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。作者介绍了养成健康饮食好习惯的几种策略。‎ ‎1．F　[依据首句中的“均衡饮食能增强免疫系统”可知，F项中的“但是我们大多数人由于混乱的生活方式没能获得充足的营养”与之对应，并引出下句。]‎ ‎2．G　[研究者推荐早餐吃富含纤维素的全谷类食物，故接下来应该说明纤维素对人体的好处，故选G。]‎ ‎3．C　[该段主要涉及吃正餐的学问，‎ 即多吃鱼肉少吃红肉。红肉中含有大量饱和脂肪，故选C项“相反，鱼肉中含有更多的有益于心脏健康的脂肪”与之作对比。]‎ ‎4．E　[该段主要涉及食物烹饪建议，从后句中的“蒸、烘、烤、煮或炒”这些烹饪方法可知选E与之匹配。]‎ ‎5．A　[根据后文可知该段主要讲晚上吃大餐会影响消化，再结合上文几个小标题考虑，“晚餐少食”最佳，故选A。]‎ B ‎(2017·河南、河北、山西、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽省七所名校联考)When we are grownups, it's quite natural to look back on our different stages of life and remember who was there to see us through. 6 While some people's high school friendships gradually5 end，mine have stuck with me through every bit of life since. And I suppose high school friends are the friends you'll build the strongest relationships with.‎ ‎ 7 Whether it is the bad haircut or the braces(牙箍) you wear, your high school friends help you through it all. They tell you that you look wonderful when you cannot go out in public with that hairdo. 8 ‎ They understand the most about you. High school friends know you better than anyone else. They can just look at you and know how you're feeling. You cannot hide much from them. 9 And they'd rather help deal with the problem at hand than let it go. So even when you don't want to hear it, prepare yourself—because they're not going to stop trying until you're back to your normal self.‎ They make for the best reunion. Reunions are harder to organize when friends live across the country. However, with high school friends, it's easy to enjoy the time together — you can often pick up just where you left off, no matter how long ago that was. Friendships can be hard to keep. 10 ‎ A．We could depend on our friends all the time.‎ B．They are with you through your embarrassing stages.‎ C．They can sense something is off when you're the slightest bit strange.‎ D．For me, I often think about my fantastic group of high school friends.‎ E．They build up your selfconfidence to get you through each tough situation.‎ F．Let's pray the flower of friendship would always bloom brightly in our hearts.‎ G．But it never seems like hard work with the ones you've known and loved for long.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了在成长过程中友谊的珍贵。‎ ‎6．D　[根据空后的“While some people's high school friendships gradually end，mine...”“...high school friends”可知，此处的内容应是有关作者自己在高中时与朋友之间的友谊的，故D项符合语境。]‎ ‎7．B　[根据下文中的“Whether it is the bad haircut or the braces(牙箍) you wear，your high school friends help you through it all”可知，朋友能帮你度过尴尬的阶段，故B项符合语境。]‎ ‎8．E　[根据E项中的“build up your selfconfidence”“each tough situation”与上文中的“They tell you that...that hairdo”的对应关系可知，E项符合语境。]‎ ‎9．C　[根据空前的“You cannot hide much from them”及空后的“And they'd rather help deal with the problem at hand than let it go”可知，此处讲的是即使你只有一点点的异样，你的朋友也会察觉得到并帮助你应对遇到的困难，故C项符合语境。]‎ ‎10．G　[本空为全文最后一句，应该是对文章内容的总结提炼。全文总体阐述了友谊的珍贵。根据空前的“Friendships can be hard to keep”以及G项中的“But it never seems like hard work”与上文中的“hard”的对应关系和语义上的连贯性可知，G项符合语境。]‎ C ‎(2017·山西重点中学协作体模拟)Although problems are part of our lives, it certainly doesn't mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or another, you'll have to stand up and say, “Problems, I don't want you in my life.”‎ ‎ 11 Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and children — the list goes on. Apart from these, the inner6 conflicts within ourselves work, too. These keep adding to our problems. Problems come in different shapes and colors and feelings.‎ But good news is that all problems can be dealt with. Now read on to know how to solve your problems. Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help. 12 Talking helps you move on and let it go. ‎ Write your problems. 13 When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system. You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems. By doing this, imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life.‎ Don't lose faith7 and hope. No matter what you lose in life, don't lose faith and hope. Even if you lose all your money, family... you should still have faith. 14 ‎ Your problems aren't the worst. No matter what problems you get in life, there're another one million people whose problems are huger than yours. 15 Your problems might just seem big and worse, but in reality they can be removed.‎ Go about and solve your problems because every problem, however big or small, always has a way out.‎ A．When we have a problem, a critical, urgent problem, how do we try and solve it?‎ B．Of course, we've been fighting problems ever since we were born.‎ C．Having a personal diary can also be helpful if you don't want a person to talk with.‎ D. But when you talk about it, you're setting free the negative energies.‎ E．We can often overcome the problems and achieve the goal by making ‎ an attack.‎ F．Tell yourself: when they can deal with them, why can't I?‎ G．With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文作者主要给读者介绍了一些解决所遇到的问题的建议。‎ ‎11．B　[根据后面的“Problems with friends，parents，girlfriends，husbands, and children—the list goes on.Apart from these，the inner conflicts within ourselves work，too”可知，我们的生活中充满了各种各样的问题，问题一直伴随着我们。B项“当然了，自从我们出生以来，我们就一直在与问题抗争”与后两句照应。所以此处应选B。 ]‎ ‎12．D　[根据前面的“What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help”可知，很多人认为自己的问题无法通过与他人谈话解决；再根据后面的“Talking helps you move on and let it go”可知，作者认为谈话有助于解决我们的问题。D项强调将我们的问题说出来能够释放我们内心积压的消极情绪，起着承上启下的作用，所以此处应选D。 ]‎ ‎13．C　[根据前面的“Write your problems”可知，作者建议我们将我们的问题写出来，C项中的“Having a personal diary”与前面的话题紧密照应，所以此处应选C。 ]‎ ‎14．G　[作者本段话主要建议我们不要失去信念和希望，不管遇到什么样的困难和问题，都要有信念和希望。G项“有了信念和希望，你就可以重建你所失去的一切”与本段中心思想照应，所以此处选G。 ]‎ ‎15．F　[根据前面的“Your problems aren't the worst.No matter what problems you get in life，there're another one million people whose problems are huger than yours”可知，作者想让我们认识到，我们所遇到的问题并不是最糟的，很多人的问题都要比我们的严重。F项“告诉你自己：他们都能解决自己的问题，为什么我不能呢？”与前面话题照应，所以此处应选F。]‎ ‎【词汇复现】‎ ‎1．strategy n． 策略 ‎2．fiber n. 纤维 ‎3．consumption n. 消耗；消费 ‎4．indigestion n. 不消化 ‎5．gradually adv. 逐渐地 ‎6．inner adj. 内部的 ‎7．n. 信仰；信念 faith ‎ ‎