2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela--a modern hero

2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela--a modern hero

2020-2021 年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela--a modern hero 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 ：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备） 重点单词 1．quality n．质量；品质；性质 2．active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动 3．devote vt.(与 to 连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的→devotion n．奉献 4．found vt.建立；建设 5．principle n．法则；原则；原理 6．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peace n．和平 7．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal(反义词) 8．hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopeless(反义词)→hope n. & v．希望 9．youth n．青年；青年时期 10．vote vt. & vi.投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决 11．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击 12．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.猛烈的，凶暴的 13．equal adj.相等的，平等的→equally adv.相等地→equality n．同等，平等 14．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的 15．escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露 16．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育 17．beg vi. & vt.请求；乞求 18．relative n．亲戚；亲属→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系 19．terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrorism n．恐怖主义→terrorist n．恐怖 分子 20．reward n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏 21．opinion n．意见；看法；主张 2. 语法基础知识——名词性从句 主题语境：话题——个人情况（人与自我） 语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文，能够以较 丰富的语言写出读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 知识点 1．quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征 【归纳拓展】 quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征 quantity n. 数量 be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质 be of high/poor quality 优/劣质 extra fine quality 特等 first－rate quality 一等 【典例 1】 语法填空 1.（2020·南京外国语学校高三）Patience is ______ quality where success feeds on itself. 重点短语 1．out of work 失业 2．as a matter of fact 事实上 3．in trouble 在危险/受罚/痛苦处境中 4．turn to 求助于；致力于 5．lose heart 丧失信心 6．come to power 当权；上台 7．set up 设立；建立 8．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑) 9．worry about 担心 10．be put into prison 被关进监狱 11．blow up 使充气；爆炸 12．fight against 对……而战 13．go against the law 违反法律 14．be willing to do sth. 乐于干…… 15．be active in sth. 积极从事…… 经典句型 （高考书 面表达必 备） 1．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律 剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 2．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……直到那时我们才决定以暴还暴。 3．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。 必备语法 （高级句 型） 名词性从句 【答案】a 【解析】句意：耐心是成功的一种品质。故填 a。 2． Goods bought in large ______（quantity）can be cheaper. 【答案】quantities 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：大量购买的商品可以更便宜。此处 in large quantities 大量地。 故填 quantities。 单词拼写 1.（2019·天津高考模拟）The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market on account of its superior __________（质量）. quality 句意：这款新产品很快获得了极高的赞扬，并且因其超级好的质量而迅速占领了市 场。故填 quality。 2. （2019·江苏省江都中学高三月考）Q_______ and customized smart appliances are catching on among urban households in China as cities are embracing the trend of an “intelligent home”. Quality 句意：随着智能家居潮流的到来，高品质、个性化的智能家电在中国城市家庭中越 来越流行。故填 Quality。 【变式】 1. Compared to the advantages of the Internet, those of the television alone will not be enough to ensure its _________, and the latter will be replaced. A．existence B．survival C．quality D．possibility 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：相较于网络的优势，电视单靠自身的优势将不足以保证它幸 存下来，所以其将会被网络取代。A. existence 存在；B. survival 幸存；C. quality 品质；D. possibility 可能性，故选 B。 2.Patience is an important ____ of a happy and rewarding life. After all, some things are worth waiting for. A．lesson B．experience C．purpose D．quality 【答案】D 【解析】 lesson 教训； experience 经历； purpose 目的； quality 品质，特性。根据句意可 知，耐心应是一种品质。 3.We all agree that the products of this factory are of better ________. A．quality B．quantity C．principal D．identity 【答案】A 【解析】本题的含义是我们都认为这家工厂的产品有更好的质量，quality 表示质量的意思， 故本题选 A。 知识点 2．devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于；adj. 热爱的；忠诚的 【归纳拓展】 devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于 devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的 devote oneself time one's life money energy＋to sth. 把……用在，doing sth. 把……献给 sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢 a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友 【典例 2】 1．（2020·天津高三）In addition to filling stomachs of his family, he _________himself to improving the quality of the homeless people’s life for years, A．has been devoting B．would devote C．is devoting D．devotes 【答案】A 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：除了填饱家里的肚子，他多年来一直致力于改善无家 可归者的生活质量。根据句中 for years 好多年来，使用时主句时态要用完成时；结合句中 improving the quality of the homeless people’s life 可知，这个动作是在过去发生，一致持续到 现在，还将延续下去，所以要用现在完成进行时。故选 A 项。 2.（2019·天津高考模拟）If you have a job, ______ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. A．do devote B．to devote C．devoting D．devoted 【答案】A 【解析】 考查祈使句。句意：如果你有一份工作，专注于你的工作，最终你就会成功。分析句子可知， ______ yourself to it 为主句，该句缺乏谓语，故用动词原形，选 A。 【变式】 1． _______（devote）to his scientific research, the professor took little interest in fashion nor in money. 【答案】Devoted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：全身心投入到科学研究中，教授对时尚和金钱都不感兴趣。 根据与后面的句子是逗号连接，没有连词，而且主语是同一个，故此处用非谓语动词；指某 人全神贯注于某事用 sb. be devoted to sth.，此处主语和动词是被动关系，用过去分词 devoted to 作原因状语。 2.（2019·江苏高考模拟）It is unwise to disturb one who _________（devote）to his work. Just bite your tongue. is devoted 句意：打扰一个专心工作的人是不明智的。闭上你的嘴。故填 is devoted。 3.（2019·天津高三月考）He made up his mind to devote all he had to_______（help） those poor children. helping 考查动名词。句意：他下定决心要把所拥有的都用于帮助那些可怜的孩子。动词短 语 devote …to…意为“把…用于…”，其中 to 是介词，后面要接名词动名词做宾语，所以句 中使用动名词 helping 做 to 的宾语。 知识点 3．escape vi. 逃脱；逃走 vt. 避免；免除 n．逃跑；逸出；出口 【归纳拓展】 escape vi. 逃脱；逃走 vt. 避免；免除 n．逃跑；逸出；出口 escape from 从……逃脱，逃走 escape＋n./doing sth. 避免(做)某事 a narrow/near escape 死里逃生 fire escape 太平梯，安全梯；安全出口 【典例 3】 1．（2019·天津高考模拟）When caught _____ in the exam, he begged for the teacher’s pardon and tried ______ punishment. A．cheating; escaping B．to be cheating; to escape C．cheating; to escape D．to be cheating; escaping 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在考试作弊被抓着的时候，他乞求老师原谅并试图逃脱惩 罚。根据句意可知，抓住的时候正在作弊，现在分词表进行，因此，第一空用 cheating 形式， try to do sth 试图做某事，这是个固定用法。故选 C。 2． The thief would have escaped _____if he hadn’t sold the stolen mobile phone. A．catching B．to catch C．being caught D．to be caught 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：如果小偷没有把偷来的手机卖掉，他就不会被抓住了。escape doing sth.“逃脱做某事”；句子主语 The thief 和 catch 之间是一种被动关系，所以这里是动名 词一般式的被动式作宾语，故选 C。 3． I saw a familiar face in the crowd, but the name ______ me for the moment. A．supported B．limited C．escaped D．adapted 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在人群中看到一张熟悉的面孔，但一时想不起这个名 字。support 支持； limit 限制；adapt 适应。escape 本意为“避免，逃脱”，这里用作及物动 词，指“被…忘掉”。故选 C。 【变式】 语法填空 1.Mark often attempts to escape _______ （fine） whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 【答案】being fined 【解析】考察 escape 的用法。escape doing sth 逃脱、避免干某事。句意为：马克经常试图 逃脱被罚款，每当他违反交通规则的时候。故填 being fined。 2．（2020·吉林省期末）With the help of rescue workers, many people managed to escape ______ the burning building and escape ______ （kill）. 【答案】from; being killed 【解析】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：在救援人员的帮助下，许多人设法逃出了燃烧 的大楼，幸免一死。escape from… 从…中逃脱，from 后接名词；escape 后接动词形式作宾 语时应用动名词，又 kill 与 many people 之间为被动，因此用 being killed。 翻译句子 (1)The bird has escaped from its cage.小鸟________已了。 (1)从笼中逃掉 (2)Is the gas escaping somewhere?是不是有地方________？ (2)漏气 (3)How can we escape observation / being observed？我们怎样才不会________？(3)被人发现 (4)His name escapes me for the moment.我一时_________他的名字来。 (4)想不起 知识点 4．equal vt. 等于；抵得上 adj. 相等的；胜任的 n. 同等/相等的人或物 【归纳拓展】 equal vt. 等于；抵得上 adj. 相等的；胜任的 n. 同等/相等的人或物 equality n. 平等 A equals B in...A 在……方面比得上 B be equal to＋n./doing sth. 等于；与……相等；有……的能力(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干 be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比 【典例 4】 1．（2020·天津高三）Physical labour can exhaust the body very quickly. ______（equal）, too much study can rapidly reduce mental powers. 【答案】Equally 【解析】句意：体力劳动可以很快耗尽身体。 同样的，过度的学习可以迅速减少精力。Equally 同样地。根据前后文是同样地情况，故填 Equally。 2．（2020·湖北沙市期末）We felt it would be a good experience for our children to grow up seeing other cultures and learning to love others as ________ equal. 【答案】an 【解析】句意：我们认为，让孩子在成长的过程中接触到其他文化并学会平等地爱别人是很 好的体验。as an equal 相当于 equally，修饰 love others，意为“平等地爱别人”。 3.You looked ________（equal）nice in both dresses - I wouldn't know which one to advise you to buy. 【答案】equally 【解析】修饰形容词 nice 用副词形式。故填 equal。 【变式】 单项填空 1．（2020·天津一中高三月考）Studying hard is, of course, important, but enough res is no doubt ______ or even more important. A．largely B．merely C．equally D．partly 【答案】C 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：努力学习当然很重要，但足够的休息无疑是同等重要的， 甚至更重要。A. largely 主要地；B. merely 仅仅，只不过；C. equally 相等地；D. partly 部分 地。此处是副词修饰形容词。表示同等甚至更重要，故选 C。 2．（2020·黑龙江大庆实验中学月考）Fitness is important in sport, but skills are of ______ importance. A．fair B．reasonable C．equal D．proper 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：健身在运动中很重要，但技能同等重要。A. fair 公平 的；B. reasonable 合理的；C. equal 同等的；D. proper 合适的。分析语意可知，在运动中， 健身和技能是同等重要的。故选 C 项。 3.Over years, China’s Women’s Table Tennis Team is an excellent group. Now no team can_____ it, whether in spirit or in strategy and skills. A．beat B．compare C．equal D．win 【答案】C 【解析】equal 此处为动词，相当于 be equal to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]相同或相等。Beat=" do" better than sb （在比赛中）打败某人; 打赢某人; 胜过某人,注意此处并非是超过中国队，而 是与中国队想抗衡，匹敌之意。 知识点 5．reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏 【归纳拓展】 reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏 rewarding adj. 报答的，有益的，值得的 as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 in reward of 为酬谢……；作为奖励 reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人 【典例 5】 语法填空 1． For all of the diligent students here, I give you my promise: Work hard, and you shall ________ （reward）! 【答案】be rewarded 【解析】句意：对于在座的所有勤奋的学生，我向你承诺：努力工作，你将获得回报！ shall 可用于第二、第三人称，表许诺，根据句意，故填 be rewarded。 2.（2020·吉林省实验期末）He was presented with a TV set ________ reward for his services. 【答案】in 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他得到一台电视机作为对他的服务的酬谢。in reward for… 作为报答；作为…的报酬，故填 in。 3.【2019·河北模拟】All his hard work _________（reward）when he saw his book in print. 【答案】was rewarded 【解析】根据主语是 work 可知，此处用被动语态的形式。 4. 【2020·山西统考】Textbook writing can be an intellectually and financially _________ （reward）activity. 【答案】rewarding 【解析】修饰名词用形容词，故填 rewarding。rewarding adj.有益的, 有报酬的, 有所得的 【变式】 单项填空 1．（2020·天津高三）Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was ______ with a magnificent view. A．awarded B．admired C．rewarded D．appreciated 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：登上泰山的每个人都能以看到壮丽的景色作为奖赏。 A. awarded 授予；B. admired 钦佩；C. rewarded 奖赏；D. appreciated 欣赏。根据后文 with a magnificent view 可知此处是指给登上泰山的人以壮丽的景色作为奖赏，应用 reward，短语 be rewarded with 表示“得到……的奖赏”，award 侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或 竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励，与语境不符。故选 C。 2．The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give information about the lost key. A． price B．prize C．reward D．money 【答案】C 【解析】price 价格，价钱；prize 奖金。Ｄ项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是“酬金， 报酬”。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考 纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。 3. _______his contribution to botany, Joseph Banks had a flower _______him. A．As a reward for; named after B．As a reward; named C．As a reward for; name after D．Reward for; take its name from 【答案】A 【解析】考查短语：As a reward for 因什么作为回报，named after 以什么命名，句意：因他 对植物学的贡献作为回报，Joseph Banks 让一种花一他的名字命名。故选 A。 知识点 6．out of work 失业 【归纳拓展】 out of work 失业 out of business 破产；歇业 out of control 失控 out of repair 失修 out of order 有毛病 out of date 过时 out of one's reach 够不着 out of danger 脱险 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能的 out of patience 失去耐心 out of temper 发脾气 out of mind 心不在焉 【典例 6】 1.——What do you think I should do? ——I think you’d better pay a visit to him____. A．out of work B．out of sight C．out of respect D．out of shape 【答案】C 【解析】out of work “失业”； out of sight “看不见”；out of respect “出于尊敬”；out of shape“走 样，身体状况不佳”。句意：--你认为我应该怎么做？--我认为出于尊敬你最好去看望他。故 选 C 2. The place is so pretty and relaxed that it's really ____！ A. out of work B. out of sight C. out of this world D. out of shape 【答案】C 【解析】句意：那儿的环境非常漂亮和轻松。这实在是绝好的享受。world 这个字的意思是 “世界”。Out of this world 并不是在这个世界以外的意思。这是一个习惯用语，它的意思是： 令人激动，精彩极了，绝妙的，特别是在形容音乐、电影的时候可以用这个常用语。你也可 以用 out of this world 来形容一顿非常精美的晚餐。男女之间也可以用这一习惯用语来形容 对方。 3.Children are likely to get _____ if no one cares about their upbringing. A．out of hand B．out of order C．out of place D．out of work 【答案】A 【解析】get(or be) out of hand 是习语,意为“无法控制,不受约束":This situation appears to be completely out of hand.(看来形势已完全失去控制。)out of order 有毛病,失灵;out of place 不得 其所的,不适当的;out of work 失业。句意:如果不关心孩子的教育,他们很可能会无法控制。 【变式】翻译句子 (1) Out of sight, out of mind. [谚]_______，心不念。(离久情疏。) (1)眼不见 (2)He’s been out of work for six months.他已经________六个月了。 (2)失业 (3)It is out of question that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重点大学是______ 的。(3)不成问题 知识点 7．turn to 【归纳拓展】 turn to 求助于；致力于 turn away 拒绝，不准某人入内 turn around 转身 turn down 拒绝；调小 turn in 上交 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn out 赶出；证明是，结果是 turn over 翻身，翻转 turn up 露面，出现；开大 【典例 7】 单项填空 1．（2018·天津高考真题）When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information. A．point to B．turn to C．attend to D．belong to 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当人们想要扩展他们的知识时，他们通常求助于提 供有用信息的书籍。A. point to 指向；B. turn to 求助于；C. attend to 照顾；D. belong to 属于。 由“When people want to expand their knowledge, offer useful information.”可知，turn to“求助于” 符合句意。故选 B 项。 2．（2019·广东深圳中学）When he was at a loss as to which direction to go _______, he tried to find someone for help, but there was ______ to ______. A．to; none; discover B．in; no one; turn to C．for; none; ask D．in; nothing; require 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定短语、代词、动词辨析。句意：当他不知道该朝哪个方向走时，他试图找 人帮忙，但没有人可以求助。第一空：短语 in … direction 向…方向，此空理解为 go in which direction ,应选 in; 第二、三空：短语 turn to sb. for help“向某人求助”；none 指“（数量上）一 个也没有”；no one 没有人；nothing 没有什么事/物。故选 B 项。 【变式】 语法填空 1.With no one to turn ______ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. 【答案】to 【解析】句意：因为在这样恐怖情况下没有可以求助的人，所以她感到无助。turn to 求助于。 由“she felt very helpless.”可知，她感到无助。所以判断出她没有可以求助的人。故填 to。 2．Not knowing whether to accept the offer or not, Mary ______（turn） to her close friend for advice. 【答案】turned 【解析】句意：玛丽不知道是否接受这个提议，就向她的密友征求意见。此处现在分词作原 因状 turned 语，表示句子主语和 know 之间是主动关系， turn to sb. for advice“向某人征求建 议”。故填。 根据句子的意思填空 (1)The job ______________________ than we thought.这份工作结果比我们想像的更难。 (2)Why did she ____________ your invitation? 她为什么拒绝你的邀请？ 【答案】（1）turned out(to be) harder（2）turn down 翻译句子 (1)Nobody seems to understand. I don’t know who to turn to.似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁 _______。(1)求助 (2)Paul turned to drinking alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保罗______，想忘掉工作 中的问题。(2)借酒消愁 知识点 8．set up 【归纳拓展】 set about 开始做，着手 set aside 使分离；留出；拔出；不理会 set back 推迟，阻碍 set down 记下；写下；规定 set off 引起爆炸；动身出发；引起 set out 动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列 【典例 8】 1．（2020·江苏高三）When studying at home, it's critical to _______ an inspirational studying environment. A．set up B．polish up C．back up D．fix up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：居家学习时，建立一个有启发性的学习环境是至关重要 的。A. set up 建立；B. polish up 改善；C. back up 支持；D. fix up 修理，使固定。结合句意 可知，此处用“建立环境”符合语境，故选 A 项。 2.Great changes ___ in my hometown and a lot of factories _______. A．have been taken place , are being set up B．have taken place , have been set up C．are taken place , had been set up D．had taken place , will be set up 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的家乡的变化可大了，许多工厂也建立了。汉语的语法具有隐含性，句中 暗含了变化已经发生，并且其结果就是很多工厂已经修建了。 现在完成时的其中的定义就是过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。据此可知，B 正确 3. “Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new school was ______ in the village last year.” A．held up B．set up C．sent up D．brought up 【答案】B。 【解析】set up 意为“建立”；hold up 意为“举起，支撑，继续下去，阻挡，拦截”；send up 意 为“发出，射出，长出，使上升”；bring up 意为“教育，培养，提出”。 4.After graduation, she wanted to ________ her own business. A．set up B．turn up C．fix up D．make up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕业后，她想自己干一番事业。set up“建立；成立”；turn up“出现；调大”；fix up“修补”；make up“编造；组成；化妆”。根据句意可知选 A 项。 【变式】 写出下列各句中 set up 的意思。 (1)They set up a notice on the wall._________ (2)They set up a committee to investigate the matter.__________ (3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games.____________ 【答案】(1)张贴 (2)建立 (3)创(纪录) 知识点 10．lose heart 【归纳拓展】 lose heart (＝be discouraged) 气馁；灰心；泄气 lose one's heart to sth. (＝devote oneself to sth.) 把身心投入到…… lose one's heart to sb. (＝fall in love with sb.)喜欢…… put one's heart into 把全部心思放在…… have sth. in one's heart 把……放在心上 have one's heart in sth. 对某事有兴趣 set one's heart on/upon sth. 渴望/热衷于某事 learn...by heart 记住；背诵 take heart 振作精神，鼓起勇气 【典例 10】 1.—I'm worrying about the coming examination. I'm afraid I cannot pass it. —________！ I'm sure you'll make it. A．Go ahead B．Good luck C．No problem D．Don't lose heart 【答案】D 【解析】考查情景交际。根据答语第二句“我相信你能做到”可知，第二个说话人是在鼓励对 方不要丧失信心，故 D 项正确。Go ahead“可以，干吧”；Good luck“祝你好运”；No problem“没 问题”。 2.—I’m worrying about the coming examination. I’m afraid I cannot pass it. —________！I’m sure you’ll make it. A．Go ahead B．Good luck C．No problem D．Don’t lose heart 【答案】D 【解析】 考查交际用语。根据答语第二句“我相信你能做到”可知第二个说话人是在鼓励对 方不要丧失信心，故 D 项正确。A 项“可以，干吧”；B 项“祝你好运”；C 项“没问题”。 【变式】翻译句子 (1)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader lost heart. 据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长_________。(1)丧失了信心 (2)Don’t lose heart； all will turn out well. 不要________，一切都会好起来的。 (2)失去勇气 知识点 11．in trouble 【归纳拓展】 in trouble 处在困难/麻烦中(表状态) get (sb.) into/out of trouble 使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作) ask/look for trouble 找麻烦 make trouble 闹事；捣乱 have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦地做某事 put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事 【典例 11】 1.Whenever you are ______, don’t ______. A．in trouble; lose heart B．in the trouble; lose heart C．in trouble; lose your heart D．in the trouble; lose the heart 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定词组，in trouble 意思“陷入困境”，lose heart 意思“失去信心”，句子意思“无 论你什么时候陷入困境，不要失去信心” 2. When a person is ________， talking with others often helps him feel better. A．in trouble B．in danger C．in silence D．in charge 【答案】A 【解析】句意为：当一个人不顺时，与人交流沟通可以让他心情变得更好。A.遇到麻烦 B 遇到危险 C 沉默中 D 负责，主管 根据句意可知：A 选项符合题意。 【变式】翻译短语 (1)My friends always help me out when I am in trouble (有麻烦时)． (2)Don’t mention my name, or you’ll get me into trouble (给我惹麻烦)． (3)They took great trouble to find the right person. (费心地) 【考点精讲】 考点 1：where 引导的定语从句 【教材原句】The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去 30 年来 所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什 么权利都没有的阶段。 【考点聚焦】考查 where 引导的定语从句 【典例 1】 1.（2020·江苏高三月考）—-Where was the TV series Good Bye, My Princess made? —-It was in the Hengdian Movie & Television Base ______ many antique buildings stand. A．where B．what C．that D．how 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——电视连续剧“再见，我的公主”是在哪里拍摄的呢？—— 是在横店影视基地拍摄的，那里有很多古建筑。A. where 关系副词；B. what 什么；C. that 关系代词；D. how 如何。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词 the Hengdian Movie & Television Base 在从句中充当地点状语，应用关系副词 where，故选 A 项。 2．（2020·南京外国语学校高三）Patience is a quality _____ success feeds on itself. A．where B．what C．that D．which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：耐心是成功的源泉。分析句子可知，quality 为先行词，在后 面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为 where。故选 A 项。 【总结提高】 句中 stage 是先行词，它在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导定语从句。在英语中 有一些抽象的地点经常作先行词，后面接 where 引导的定语从句。这样词有：stage, field, area, film, job 等。 【变式】 1.（2020·江苏高三月考）You could get into a situation _________ you have to decide immediately. 【答案】where/in which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你很容易进入到这样一种情况中，在那种情况下，你需要快 速地进行决定。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 situation 是抽象地点名词，应用关系副词 where 或 in which。 2.Find group activities ________ you can be with people who share your interests． where 找到一些小组活动，你可以和那些和你有同样兴趣的人在一起。先行词是 activities， 表抽象的地点，从句中不缺主语或宾语，而是缺地点状语，故用 where 引导定语从句。 考点 2 Only 位于句首强调状语成分，主句部分倒装 【教材原句】...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……直到那时我们才 决定以暴还暴。 【句法分析】only 修饰的时间、条件和方式状语，为了强调而提到句首时，句子要用部分 倒装形式，把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。only 如修饰从句而提到 句首，主句要部分倒装。 【考点聚焦】考查 only 置于句首的倒装句 【典例 2】 1.Only by doing what your soul is eager to do_______ your life something full of beautiful memories. A. you can make B. could you make C. can you make D. you will make 【答案】C. 【解析】只有从事渴望做的事情，才能使生活充满美好的记忆。本题考查“only+状语+部分 倒装”句式。 by doing what your soul is eager to do 是 you can make your life something …的方式状语。 A,D 两项可直接排除；B 项时态不当。故 C 项正确。 2. Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours ______ a decision. A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装。Only+时间状语或从句，放句首时，主句用部分倒装，A、C 没倒装， 排除 A、C；根据 had discussed 可知，空白处使用过去时，排除 D。故选 B。 3.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months _____ to begin her propjet. A. was she allowed B. she was allowed C. did she permit D. she permitted 【答案】A 【解析】句意“直到她母亲在前几个月里来帮助她，她才得以开始她的研究项目。Only+状语 （副词，状语从句或者介词短语）位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序，由句意可知此处表示 被动，故答案选 A。 【变式】 1. He was still full of optimism for the future despite many problems, and never once ______ I see him get worried or upset. 【答案】did 【解析】考查倒装句式。句意：尽管有许多问题，他对未来仍然充满乐观，我从未见过他感 到忧虑或不安。and 连接两个并列句，后面一个句子是以否定词 never 开头，故用倒装结构， 助动词置于主语前，且从前面的句子时态来看，确定是用一般过去时，故填 did。 2. Not until he retired from teaching two years ago ________ he consider having a holiday abroad． 【答案】did 【解析】句意：直到他两年前从教育战线上退休，他才考虑去国外度假。not until 结构位于 句首时，主句使用部分倒装语序，同时后面是实义动词，根据 two years ago 判断句子用一 般过去时，答案为 did。 考点 3 含有 the first time 的句子的时态 【教材原句】I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的感觉 很不好。 【句法分析】the first time 相当于连词，引导一个状语从句，意为“第一次”。这类特殊短语 还有： (1)each time, every time, next time, last time, any time 等也可以做连词用，表示“无论何时”“每 当”“每次”等，引导一个时间状语从句。 Every time we come to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City. 每次我们去北京，我们都去参 观故宫。 I didn’t have any penny last time I saw you. 上次我看见你时，我身无分文。 (2)immediately, directly, instantly 可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”， 相当于 as soon as。 The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那个年轻人一听到声响就 冲出了大厅。 (3)the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名词短语也可用做连词，也相当于 as soon as，表示“一……就……”。 The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly. 王教授一出现在讲台上，听众就站起来热烈鼓掌。 (4)the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week, the year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter 等一些表示时间段的名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句。 The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake, he met an old friend. 那天早晨史密斯先生在湖边散步时遇到了一位老朋友。 【考点聚焦】考查含有 the first time 的句子的时态 【典例 3】 1.It was _________that Miss Wang had been to California and there she met Dr. White __________, who became her husband later. A．the first time, the first time B．the first time, for the first time C．for the first time, for the first time D．for the first time, the first time 【答案】B 【解析】根据 It is the first time +从句（从句中通常使用现在完成时态）；It was the first time +从句（从句中通常使用过去完成时态），其实在这个结构中，the first time 一般被看成先 行词，后面是一个 that 引导的定语从句；for the first time 首次；第一次。表示有生以来或一 段时间内第一次做某事，在句中一般单独作状语。故选 B。 2.---Is this the first time you ______ Xi’an? --- No. But ______ here, the city wasn’t so modern. A．have visited; the first time I came B．visited; the first time I came C．have visited; for the first time I came D．visited; the first time I’ve come 【答案】A 【解析】句意：This is the first time that 从句用现在完成时；the first time 加句子相当于 when 引导的从句，主句是一般过去时，所以从句也应该是一般过去时。for the first time 后不能跟 从句。由此可知选 A。 考点: 考查固定用法的用法。 3. _______ I paid a visit to this scenic spot, I was deeply attracted by its beauty. A．Firstly B．For the first time C．The first time D．At first 【答案】C 【解析】考查连词：The first time 第一次，句意：当我第一次到了这个景色圣地的时候，我 深深的被它的景色吸引了。所以选 C。 考点 4 名词性从句（2） 【典例 4】单句改错 1．What I believe it's the best way to get close to nature． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉 What I believe 后为省略了 that 的宾语从句，what 为多余成分。 2． I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：what→which 句意：我不知道该买哪一本，因为这些书对我都有用。which 指 “哪一本”符合句意。 3． You want to know that everything is going in our school． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：that→how know 后的宾语从句中缺少方式状语，应用 how。 4． In our life, we often regret what we did and which we couldn't do． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：which→what what 引导宾语从句，此处意为“……的事情”，在从句中作 do 的 宾语。 5．(2019·河北调研)The question that who should do the job requires consideration． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉 that the question 后为同位语从句，这个同位语从句是由 who 引导的，that 为多余的连接词。 考点 5 话题写作——个人情况 【典例 5】 （2020·广东实验中学高三月考）假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 正在学习中文，了解到 中国四大名著(China's four great classics)的知识并写信与你交流。作为一名古典文学爱好者， 你很高兴地回信给他， 介绍你最爱的四大名著中的某个人物(character)以及原因。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以增加适当的细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇： Journey to the West 《西游记》 A Dream of Red Mansions 《红楼梦》 Water Margin《水浒传》 Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》 Dear Tom, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Tom, I’m so glad to hear about your experience of learning China's four great classics and thanks for talking of your personal understanding. Today I’m writing to share with you my favorite character, Sun Wukong, in one of the classic novels. There is no denying that so many fantastic characters have been created by ancient Chinese novelists. In the novel of Journey to the West, Sun Wukong, also known as the Monkey King, is born with supernatural powers. Through Taoist practices, he learns the 72 transformations, allowing him to transform into various animals and objects. Sun Wukong is so brave to fight against various evil spirits all the way and he is so faithful to his master Tangseng despite misunderstanding, making the journey to the western paradise successful. To some extent, Sun Wukong is rebellious, but his always speaking the truth, even in the face of the power or authority, is the most important reason why I consider Sun as my favorite character. Classics open up a window to different worlds and different cultures. I do hope that Chinese classic literature will deepen your understanding of China. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 本文考查提纲类写作。介绍你最爱的四大名著中的某个人物以及原因。 第 1 步：根据提示可知，假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 正在学习中文，了解到中国四 大名著(China's four great classics)的知识并写信与你交流。作为一名古典文学爱好者，你很 高兴地回信给他， 介绍你最爱的四大名著中的某个人物(character)以及原因。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），句型：thanks to，There is no denying that ...， known as, allow sb. to do, fight against，to some extent,in the face of ,open up 等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要 应用一般现在时。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】 范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式， 如 There is no denying that so many fantastic characters have been created by ancient Chinese novelists. 是同位语从句固定句型；Through Taoist practices, he learns the 72 transformations, allowing him to transform into various animals and objects.运用了非谓语动词；Sun Wukong is so brave to fight against various evil spirits all the way and he is so faithful to his master Tangseng despite misunderstanding, making the journey to the western paradise successful. 运用了并列句和 不定式以及现在分词。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外 文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 【变式】 （2020·六盘山高级中学）请你根据下面的提示，用英语对钟南山作简单介绍，写一篇英语 作文。 出生 1936 年 10 月出生于南京，21 世纪最出名的医学家之一 教育背景 1953 年，就读于广东实验中学；1960 年，毕业于北京医学院 主要成就 2003 年和 2020 年，以钟南山为代表的医护工作者经长期努力,抗击 了非典和新冠肺炎；2004 年，钟南山被评为“感动中国 2003 年度”十大人物 之一。 评价 他在医学领域工作 60 多年，取得了很多成就, 是一位受国人尊敬 的好医生。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 （新冠肺炎 NCP, 非典 SARS） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dr. Zhong Nanshan was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. He studied at Guangdong experimental high school in 1953 and graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1960. In 2003 and 2020，Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle against SARS and NCP. Through their hard work for several months, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved remarkable result. Zhong Nanshan was awarded one of the top ten people moving China in 2004. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years. He is a good doctor in the countrymen' eyes and respected by all the people in China. 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。本篇要求考生写一篇文章介绍钟南山。 体裁：记叙文 时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。 结构：分总 要求： 1. 出生 2. 教育背景 3. 主要成就 4. 评价 第二步：列提纲（重点词组） be born in/ well-known/ graduate from/ be on behalf of/ effort/ play a part in/ achieve/ top ten/ respect/ against 第三步：连词成句 1. Born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, Zhong Nanshan is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. 2. He studied at Guangdong experimental high school in 1953 and graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1960. 3. In 2003 and 2020，Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle against SARS and NCP. 4. Through their hard work for several months, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved remarkable result. 5. Zhong Nanshan was awarded one of the top ten people moving China in 2004. 6. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years. 7. He is a good doctor in the countrymen' eyes and respected by all the people in China. 第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句） 表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so… 状语从句连词：because/ if/ though/ although… 定语从句连词：which/ that/ when/ where… 第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语） 【点睛】 范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关 系。文章使用了一些高级词汇和句型，例如：graduate from /not only… but also/ took an active part in /remarkable/ awarded/respect 等。He is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century.运用了 one of…句型；Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle against SARS and NCP. 运用了 not only … but also…结构。