2019二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测题考点解读课件（31张）

2019二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测题考点解读课件（31张）

意思猜测题 2019 二轮复习阅读理解专题 词义猜测题考点解读 真题再练 1. 推断单词含义 (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·29) Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. △ What does the underlined word “displaced” in the paragraph mean? A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down. C 推断单词含义。 由画线词的前一分句可知“灰狼在黄石和美国大陆的大部分地区曾经随处可见”，但 but 话锋一转，“但是由于人类的发展，它们渐渐地”；渐渐地怎么了？“到 20 世纪 20 年代在黄石几乎消失了”；去哪了？“去了人口稀少的加拿大森林了。”由此推断，它们因人类的发展而“被迫离开 (forced out)” 美国大陆，故选 C 项。其他选项“被测试”“被分开”“被跟踪追捕”均与语境无关。 √ 取代 , 替代 测试 分开 追查到 2. 推断短语含义 (2016 全国 Ⅲ 卷 ·30) There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. △ What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope. C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire. B 推断短语含义。 由画线词所在句“ but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it” 可知，它需要在温暖的气候、肥沃的土壤下才可以种植，因此，对相信可以种植它的大多数苹果爱好者都“希望落空”，故选 B 项。 √ 3. 推断句子含义 (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷 ·33) Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned . The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. △ What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in the paragraph? A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies. A 推断句子含义。 画线处前一句提到一些被袭击的植物发出香味来吸引袭击者的天敌，画线处后一句提到那些本来打算去吃午餐的袭击者变成了午餐，换句话说，这些袭击者就变成被袭击者了。因此选 A 项。 √ 4. 代词指代题 (2017 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ·29) Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that … 爵士乐爱好者正在减少并逐渐变老，且不受年轻一代欢迎 △ What does the underlined word “that” in the paragraph refer to? A. Jazz becoming more accessible. B. The production of jazz growing faster. C. Jazz being less popular with the young. D. The jazz audience becoming larger. C 代词指代题。 指代上一段的“ the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.” ，爵士乐爱好者正在减少并逐渐变老，且爵士乐不受年轻一代欢迎。故选 C 项。 √ 5. 名词指代题 (2015 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ·31) The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration ( 合作 ) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. ? 指代题多指上文中提到的某个词 介词 with 后的名词 contributions 应指代前面的哪个词？ △ What does the word “contributions” in the paragraph refer to? A. Artworks. B. Projects. C. Donations. D. Documents. √ A 名词指代题。 本句主干是 The fine selection of the major works was done ，其后是两个并列的介词短语， in close collaboration with…and with… ；为了易于理解，可去掉前一个介词短语，将句子简化为： The fine selection of the major works was done with contributions from other institutions… ；意思是：主要作品选择的完成有着来自其他机构的“贡献”。根据常识和逻辑推断，“展品”中有他人的“贡献”，这里的“贡献”就是他人提供的“展品”，故选 A 项。 顺便说说， 凡是指代题，一般是指代前面出现的内容，这里的前文中只有 works 适合。 思路点拨 意思猜测题阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。 在全国卷中考查这种能力的题，包括： 1. 推断单词、短语、句子在具体语境中的含义。题干中常含有 mean, replace, is closest in meaning to, be replaced by 等。 2. 推断代词和名词在上下文中所指代的信息。题干中常含有 refer to 。 解答这类题，最重要的方法就是理解含画线词的这个句子，以及上下句的意思，根据上下文的联系或逻辑关系，再结合常识，进行简单推理，即可推断其语境意义或所指导的具体信息。其中，指代题，其指代的信息可以是一个名词、一个短语、一个句子或更多内容，其位置通常在画线词的前面，可能在本句的前部分，也可能是在前句或前几句中。 1. △ Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in the paragraph ？ A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor B 推断单词含义。 本题问：下列哪个选项可以代替选段中画线词 courier ？由第二、三句“ Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells” 以及下文内容可知，作者的工作是“运送（ carry ）”干细胞，故选 B 项（传递员或送货员）。 √ 考点练透 2. △ The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ _____. A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution √ B 推断单词含义。 前文描述旅鸽之多足以使天空黑暗数小时，作者用 Sadly( 悲哀的是 ) 话锋一转，“旅鸽的数量之多可能是它们的”，为什么说悲哀？它们怎么啦？下句给出了答案：在旅鸽多的地方，人们以为旅鸽是源源不断的，于是“大量捕杀 (killed them by the thousands)” 。再看四个选项： A 逃跑， B 毁灭， C 解放， D 进化，与 sadly, killed 相关的应是“毁灭”，故选 B 项。 3. △ What does the underlined word “restored” in the paragraph mean? A. Showed. B. Sent out. C. Delivered. D. Gave back. √ D 推断单词含义。 前文说作者丈夫丢失手提箱 , 里面有重要文件 (his suitcase was gone… the suitcase had all his important papers) ；傍晚有一陌生人打来电话说找到一堆文件 (found a pile of papers) ；作者丈夫跑到陌生人家，看到了他的所有文件 (all his papers and documents) ，由 a kind family 中的 kind ，下画线句下面一句的 kindness ，可知这家人将文件“归还”了。故选 D 项。 4. △ What does the term “au pair” in the text mean? A. A mother raising her children on her own. B. A child learning a foreign language at home. C. A professor in language education of children. D. A young foreign woman taking care of children. D 推断短语含义。 由首段首句中 Childcare 和第二段中“ After only six months of being cared for by a 25yearold woman from China, the boy can…” 可知 , “au pair” 指的是“负责照顾孩子的外国保姆”。 √ 5. △ Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in the paragraph? A. ended all their programs B. provided fewer channels C. changed to commercials D. showed all-night movies √ A 推断短语含义。 画线句：这台电视机刚买回家时非常不错，我一直播放到所有电视台的晚间节目都。其实，根据常识已猜中十之八九了，再看下一句：幸运的是，没有哪个频道整晚播放电影，否则的话我就不睡觉了。可知，作者看到所有电视台的晚间节目结束为止，故选 A 项。 6. △ In the paragraph “landing gear up” probably means ______. A. following flying requirements B. overreacting to different opinions C. listening to what fellow doctors say D. making a mistake that may cost lives √ D 推断短语含义。 前段作者叙述的经历告诉我们，因老板“忘记放下起落架”，使他们处于生命危险之中，作者提醒要“放下起落架”后，才转危为安，可见起落架收起来不放下去是有生命危险的。再看本句：如果我继续鼓励他们大胆说出来，有一天也会有人不让我“收起起落架”。显然，此句中的“ landing gear up( 收起起落架 )” 的真正含义是“犯带来生命危险的错误”，故选 D 项。 7. △ The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who ____. A. are particular about chocolate B. know little about cocoa beans C. look down upon others D. like to try new flavors √ A 推断短语含义。 根据起补充说明作用的非限制性定语从句“ who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others( 这些人认为自己比其他人更了解巧克力 )” 可知，只有 A 项“ are particular about chocolate( 对巧克力很挑剔 )” 相符，故选 A 项。 8. △ What does the underlined word “that” in the paragraph refer to? A. Their belief. B. Their care for children. C. Their success. D. Their support for each other. A 代词指代题。 由“ We shared the belief that…” 可知这里的 that 指代 belief, 句意思：共同拥有的这种“信念”使“我们”两人走到一起 , 故选 A 项。 √ 9. △ The underlined word “them” in the paragraph refers to Welty’s. A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories D 代词指代题。 指代前文“ Now we believe your stories( 现在我们相信你写的故事是真实的了 )” 中的 stories ，故选 D 项。 √ 10. △ What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in the paragraph refer to? A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup. √ B 名词指代题。 由本段第一、二句“ To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity.” 可知，本段讲如何建造简易蒸馏器的方法，选择湿润地点就是为了提高“蒸馏器”的生产效率。因此“ the water catcher” 应该是指“ still （蒸馏器）”，而不是指某个零部件。 THANK YOU!