【英语】2018届二轮复习省略句学案（6页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习省略句学案（6页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 省略句 特殊句式主要包括祈使句、省略句、there be句型、倒装句、强调句等。其中强调句是高考的难点，倒装句是高考的热点，在高考语法填空和短文改错题中出现的概率较大。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的各种时态的应用也是高考考查的重点项目。近几年高考更加注重知识考查的综合化，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，考查倒装句和there be句式时同时考查时态、主谓一致等，或把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ ‎1．(2013·福建高考改编)Anyone, once ________ (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.‎ 解析：tested　句中once(一旦)为连词，用于引导条件状语从句。分析句子可知，从句主语应为he(与Anyone对应)，test与Anyone为动宾关系，显然从句的完整形式应为once he is tested positive for H7N9 flu virus，而he is可以省略，结合语法填空的特点可知此处应填tested。‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.________________‎ 解析：whenever后加I　whenever引导的时间状语从句缺了主语，根据句意可知，此处应加主语I。‎ ‎3．(2016·浙江高考改编)Have the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.________________‎ 解析：Have→Had　句意：如果政府和科学家不团结协作，与艾滋病相关的死亡自2005年达到最高值后就不会下降。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，从句谓语应使用had done，此处完整表达为：if the governments and scientists had not worked together，由此可知句中省略了if，同时had提前。‎ ‎4．(2015·湖南高考改编)Video games can be a poor influence if leaving in the wrong hands.________________‎ 解析：leaving→left　句意：如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能产生不良影响。此题的形式属于：连词＋过去分词，完整的句子就是：Video games can be a poor influence if they are left in the wrong hands.从句中主语Video games和谓语leave之间为动宾关系，故将leaving改为left。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．if引导的虚拟条件句的省略 当if从句中有had, should, were时，可以省去if，同时把had, should, were置于句首。‎ Were she my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad.‎ 如果她是我的女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。‎ ‎2．状语从句的省略 在when, while, if, as if, though, as, whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而且主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。‎ She always sings while doing her work.‎ 她干活时总是唱歌。‎ Get up early tomorrow.If not (＝If you don’t get up early), you will miss the first bus.‎ 明天得早起。如果不早起，你就赶不上首班车。‎ She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.‎ 她站在门口好像在等人。‎ ‎3．不定式中的省略 在上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用not to，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have，通常保留be或have。‎ I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.‎ 我叫他去看电影，但是他不想去。‎ ‎—Shall I go instead of him?‎ ‎—I prefer you not to.‎ ‎——我可以代替他去吗？‎ ‎——我宁可你不去。‎ ‎—He hasn’t finished yet.‎ ‎—Well, he ought to have.‎ ‎——他还没完成。‎ ‎——哦，他早该完成了。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ ‎1．There is a house near the river.There lives a man in the house and there ________ (be) a lot of fish in the river.‎ 解析：are　此处表示河里有很多鱼。此处fish指的是鱼不是鱼肉，fish单复数同形，故谓语动词用复数are。‎ ‎2．In the past few years, there ________ (be) a boom in the demand for paper.‎ 解析：has been　由时间状语In the past few years可知，此处需用there be句型的完成式。句意：在过去的几年里，对纸的需求激增。‎ ‎3．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.________________‎ 解析：They→There　分析句子结构可知，此处是there be句型，表示“有”。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。‎ There have been many great changes in our country since then.‎ 自从那时起我国就发生了很多巨变。‎ ‎2．there be句型中的be有时可以用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, lie等替换。‎ There seems to be an announcement about the project.‎ 关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。‎ ‎3．there be句型的主谓一致，如果主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词be应该和离它最近的主语保持一致。‎ There is a knife and two pens in his pocket.‎ 他的口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。‎ ‎4．there be句型的常用结构：‎ There is no point/sense in talking to him any more, he won’t change his mind.‎ 和他再谈也没有意义了，他不会改变主意。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Find ways to praise your children often, and you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.‎ ‎2．John has not yet passed the driving test, and neither has Henry.‎ ‎3．There comes (come) the school bus. Hurry up!‎ ‎4．—How was it that he managed to solve the problem?‎ ‎—Oh, he turned to Professor Lee for advice.‎ ‎5．It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.‎ ‎6．Not only did we forget to turn off the lights in the bedroom, but we also failed to lock the back door.‎ ‎7．Never did it occur to him that he could be admitted to the famous university.‎ ‎8．Every day read (read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.‎ ‎9．There have_been (be) many kinds of flowers in our school before.‎ ‎10．Some flowers shut up at night as if to_sleep (sleep)．‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Only after talking to two students did_I_discover (我才发现) that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.‎ ‎2．She doesn’t know who_it_was_that_saved_her_son (是谁救了她的儿子)．‎ ‎3._Start_out_right_away (立即出发), or you’ll miss the first ‎ train.‎ ‎4．One more effort, and_you’ll_succeed (你就会成功)．‎ ‎5．Northeast of the province lies_a_small_village (坐落着一个小村庄), where the famous writer was born.‎ ‎6．I didn’t want to go there, but_I_had_to (但不得不去那里)．‎ ‎7．Come tomorrow if_possible (如果可能的话)．‎ ‎8．Let’s_not_walk (让我们别走) any further.‎